EP0412895B1 - Elektrisch gezündete pyrotechnische Treibladung - Google Patents

Elektrisch gezündete pyrotechnische Treibladung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0412895B1
EP0412895B1 EP19900402250 EP90402250A EP0412895B1 EP 0412895 B1 EP0412895 B1 EP 0412895B1 EP 19900402250 EP19900402250 EP 19900402250 EP 90402250 A EP90402250 A EP 90402250A EP 0412895 B1 EP0412895 B1 EP 0412895B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet
winding
charge
electrically insulating
launcher
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19900402250
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0412895A1 (de
Inventor
Michel Roche
André Nicolas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0412895A1 publication Critical patent/EP0412895A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0412895B1 publication Critical patent/EP0412895B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/08—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile modified for electric ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a charge for an electrothermal launcher. It applies to the acceleration of projectiles to very high speeds.
  • an appropriate medium is formed and heated, using electrical energy which is generally supplied by a bank of capacitors, in order to propel a projectile.
  • electrothermal launchers The category of electrothermal launchers is itself divided into two main classes, namely electrothermal launchers with slow discharge and electrothermal launchers with rapid discharge.
  • the capacitor bank supplies its energy to the propellant medium for the entire duration of the projectile's journey inside the launcher.
  • the present invention relates to a charge for an electrothermal launcher, which is suitable for electrothermal launchers with rapid discharge and therefore more particularly usable with the latter.
  • the present invention aims to solve this problem.
  • this charge comprising at least one electrically insulating element, decomposable by pyrolysis and, in this element, an electrical resistance, one end of which is intended to be brought to a high electrical voltage by relative to its other end in order to heat the resistance and thus cause pyrolysis of the element, which transforms the latter into a gaseous medium capable of propelling a projectile out of the launcher, charge characterized in that the electrical resistance forms a winding in the insulating element, in that the two ends of this winding are distant from one other, and in that the winding is very weakly inductive and distributed in a substantially homogeneous manner in the element.
  • very weakly inductive winding is meant a winding whose inductance does not exceed about 20 nH, this inductance being for example of the order of a few nanohenrys.
  • the distance from each other of the two ends of the winding contributes to avoiding breakdowns between the different parts or turns of this winding, this being important to allow the use of a high supply voltage of the resistor, this voltage (of the order of 30 kV for example) making it possible to produce very high power heating of the resistor.
  • the load object of the invention may include a plurality of elements in the housing of the electrically insulating sheath.
  • each element comprises at least one sheet made of an electrically insulating material, decomposable by pyrolysis, the resistance corresponding to this element is on this sheet and has substantially the shape of a line in slots elongated along their height, a line whose two ends correspond respectively to the two ends of the winding relative to the element and are respectively placed in two opposite edges of the sheet, and this sheet is rolled on itself of such that the two opposite edges are respectively at the two ends of the roll thus obtained.
  • the resulting winding is regular and the dispersion of this winding (and therefore of the resistance) in the electrically insulating element is substantially homogeneous throughout the volume of this element.
  • the element may include a plurality of such sheets which are stacked so that the electrical resistors corresponding respectively to said sheets are electrically isolated from each other, and which are rolled together on themselves to form a single roll.
  • Each element can be made of an electrically insulating plastic material, decomposable by pyrolysis and highly hydrogenated.
  • each electrical resistance can be made of a metallic material or carbon.
  • the load 2 comprises an element 4 which comprises a sheet rolled along the axis X of the load and which will be described later.
  • This element 4 is located in a housing 5 in the form of a cylinder of revolution of axis X, which is provided with an electrically insulating sheath 6, for example made of a plastic material such as polyethylene.
  • the insulating sheath 6 is itself housed in a metal casing 8, for example made of brass.
  • the cylindrical housing 5 in which the element 4 in the form of a roller is located is closed, on one side of this roller, by a metal washer 10, for example made of brass.
  • This cylindrical housing is closed, on the opposite side, by a thin metal sheet 12, for example of brass, which is in contact by its periphery, with the metal casing 8.
  • the projectile 14, intended to be launched by means of the electrothermal launcher 36 in which the charge 2 is placed, is, before its launch, against the thin sheet 12.
  • the base of the projectile can be fixed or not attached to this thin sheet 12.
  • the projectile can also be in contact with the metal casing 8.
  • This projectile 14 can be electrically insulating or conductive.
  • the projectile 14 is electrically conductive, for example metallic, closes said opposite side of the housing 5 and can still be in contact with the metallic casing 8.
  • An electrode 16 for example made of brass, which extends along the axis X and which is sheathed by a coaxial insulator 18, for example made of polyethylene, passes through the wall of the metal casing 8, which is opposite the washer 10, so that the electrode 16 is in contact with this washer 10.
  • the insulator 18 makes it possible to electrically isolate the electrode 16 from the metal casing 8.
  • the element 4 comprises a sheet 20 of rectangular shape (FIG. 2), made of an electrically insulating plastic material, decomposable by pyrolysis.
  • a sheet 20 of rectangular shape (FIG. 2), made of an electrically insulating plastic material, decomposable by pyrolysis.
  • an electrical resistance 22 On one face of this sheet is an electrical resistance 22 having substantially the shape of a line in slots whose base is close to an edge 24 of the sheet 20 and which are elongated along their height, the top of the slots being close from the opposite edge 26 of the sheet 20.
  • the ends 23 and 25 of the resistor 22 are wider than the rest of the latter and are located respectively at the two corners of the sheet which correspond to the edges 24 of this sheet.
  • the ends 23 and 25 of the resistor are respectively on the other two edges 27 and 28 of the sheet.
  • the ends of the resistor are not exactly on edges 27 and 28 but are very close thereto, the load still works, due to breakdowns occurring between the washer 10 and the corresponding end of the resistor and between the thin sheet 12 (or the projectile 14 if there is no thin sheet 12) and the other end of the resistor when the electrode 16 is brought to a high voltage relative to the metal casing 8 (and to projectile 14 if it is conductive).
  • the roll-shaped element 4 is seen in section in FIG. 4 in its housing 5.
  • the resistance 22 can be formed by depositing a metal or carbon on the sheet 20.
  • the latter can be made of a material chosen from the group comprising: mylar (registered trademark), kapton (registered trademark), polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride.
  • the sheet 20 provided with its resistance 22 can also be obtained from a sheet which is made of one of the preceding materials and covered a metal layer which is etched so as to obtain the resistance 22 in the form of slots.
  • the sheet 20 has a thickness of the order of 1 mm and one forms on this sheet ten slots.
  • the dimensions of the sheet depend on the inside diameter of the launcher tube with which the charge comprising this sheet is intended to be used. For example, for a launcher whose tube has an internal diameter of 9mm, one can use a rectangular sheet 20cm long and 5cm wide.
  • the square shape of the resistor 22 gives it a very low inductance and also makes it possible to regularly distribute the potentials and therefore to obtain the best possible electrical insulation.
  • the structure of the element 4 shown in FIG. 3 allows the thermal "contact" between the electrically insulating sheet and the resistance to be well controlled and reproducible.
  • each additional sheet is made of the same material as sheet 20 and carries a slot resistance like sheet 20.
  • These sheets 20, 30, 32 are stacked and rolled together so as to obtain a single roll, each resistance having an end located at one end of this roller and another end located at the other end of the roller.
  • one or more sheets may be used instead of one or more additional sheets provided with resistors identical to sheet 20 but not provided with resistors, all these sheets being superimposed and rolled together.
  • FIG 5 there is shown schematically and partially in section a load according to the invention, in which one uses not a single element 4 but a plurality of elements 4 in the form of rollers, which are parallel to each other and placed in the housing 5 of the sheath, parallel to the axis X, the resistors corresponding to these rollers being therefore mounted in parallel.
  • the load may comprise not a single element 4 but a plurality of elements 4 in the form of rollers, arranged one after the other along the axis X in the housing of the sheath 6. Good of course, these rollers are then arranged with respect to each other so that the electrical resistances corresponding to these rollers are mounted in series between the washer 10 and the thin sheet 12 (or the projectile 14 if there is no sheet 12).
  • the charge object of the present invention can be used on all fast discharge electrothermal launchers.
  • FIG 1 there is shown schematically a launcher of this type which bears the reference 36.
  • the latter has the shape of a tube and its front end is of course open, while its rear end is closed by a closure cover 38 which is screwed into it after having introduced the load 2 into a chamber 37a provided for this purpose in the launcher, at the rear thereof.
  • the projectile is integral with the load 2, it is therefore placed in the launcher at the same time as this load and when it is not integral with it, it can be put in place in the launcher from the rear thereof, before the load of course, or from the front (open) of the tube 37 of the launcher 36 .
  • the closure cover 38 is reamed in its center to leave sufficient space for an electrode 40 called “electrical contact”. This electrical contact 40 passes through the closing cover 38 right through and is separated from it by an electrically insulating seal 39.
  • One end 39a of contact 40 opens into chamber 37a.
  • the other end 39b of the contact 40 is electrically isolated from the external surface of the launcher and electrically connected to a terminal of an electrical supply 42 by means of a rapid gas switch 44.
  • This power supply 42 includes a capacitor bank, capable of storing in electrical form an energy of the order of 8 kJ.
  • the terminal of the power supply 42 which is electrically connected via the switch 44 to the contact 40 is intended to be brought to a high voltage, of the order of 30 kV for example, relative to the ground.
  • the other terminal of the power supply 42 is grounded.
  • the cover 38 and the rest of the launcher are metallic and are also grounded. Consequently, the metal casing 8, which, like the projectile, is in contact with the launcher, is also grounded and it is the same for the projectile when the latter is conductive.
  • the switch 44 when the switch 44 is closed, one end of the resistor 22 is very quickly brought to high voltage with respect to its other end and the bank of capacitors discharges very quickly through this resistor.
  • the latter is then heated to a very high temperature, for example of the order of 10 000 to 30 000 ° C.
  • the highly hydrogenated plastic which constitutes the sheet 20 is thus very quickly decomposed by pyrolysis and is transformed into a gas (and even, if the temperature is sufficient, into a plasma) whose trigger is used to launch the projectile 14.
  • the insulating qualities of the highly hydrogenated plastic are taken advantage of in the load to achieve the necessary electrical insulation between the different parts of the resistor which is, so to speak, intimately mixed with the plastic. This electrical insulation is maintained despite the very high temperature reached by the resistance due to the rapid heating (a few microseconds). But, quickly, the temperature becomes uniform in the load, the resistance mixes with the insulating plastic material and the whole becomes gaseous and forms the propellant medium. This consists essentially of hydrogen and carbon, hence a gas of low atomic mass constituting an excellent propellant medium.
  • the thin sheet 12 has a sufficiently small thickness, for example of the order of 0.5 mm, so that almost all of the energy resulting from the expansion of the propellant medium is used to propel the projectile 14.
  • the washer 10 is eliminated and the corresponding side of the housing 5 is closed by the electrode 16 and by the insulator 18.
  • the electrode 16 is then in contact with the end of the resistor, which is on said side, or is very close to this end so that a breakdown occurs between them when the electrode is brought to high voltage.
  • the electrode has transverse dimensions substantially equal to the diameter of the housing 5, or the sheet 20 is wound so that the ends 23 and 25 of the resistor 22 lie substantially on the axis X (then that in the case of Figure 3, these ends 23 and 25 are at the periphery of the roll obtained).
  • the charge described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 is particularly well suited to such a rapid discharge electrothermal launcher and it has good efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
  • Regulation Of General Use Transformers (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Ladung für elektrothermischen Werfer, diese Ladung (2) umfaßt mindestens ein elektrisch isolierendes Element (4), zersetzbar durch Pyrolyse, und in diesem Element einen elektrischen Widerstand (22) dessen ein Ende dazu bestimmt ist an eine elektrische Hochspannung, in Bezug zu seinem anderen Ende, angelegt zu werden, um den Widerstand zu heizen und auf diese Weise eine Pyrolyse des elektrischen Elements (4) auszulösen, welche letzteres in einen gasförmigen Zustand umwandelt, geeignet ein Projektil (14) aus dem Werfer auszustoßen, die Ladung dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der elektrische Widerstand (22) in dem isolierenden Element (4) eine Spule bildet, und dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Enden dieser Spule von einander entfernt sind, und dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spule nur schwach induktiv und auf deutlich gleichmäßig Art in dem Element (4) verteilt ist.
  2. Ladung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie unter anderem umfaßt:
    - eine elektrisch isolierende Umhüllung (6), ausgestattet mit einem Sitz (5) in welchem jedes Element (4) untergebracht ist,
    - eine elektrisch leitende Hülse (8) welche die Umhüllung (6) enthält, und
    - eine Elektrode (16) welche elektrisch von der Hülse (8) isoliert, und dazu bestimmt ist, ein Ende der Spule an die Hochspannung anzulegen, wobei das andere Ende der Spule an einem Referenzpotential liegt.
  3. Ladung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Mehrzahl der Elemente (4) in dem Sitz (5) der elektrisch isolierenden Umhüllung (6) umfaßt.
  4. Ladung nach irgend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Element (4) mindestens eine Folie (20) aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Material umfaßt, welches durch Pyrolyse zersetzbar ist, und dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich der diesem Element entsprechende Widerstand (22) auf dieser Folie befindet und deutlich die Form einer zinnenförmigen Linie hat, verlängert entsprechend ihrer Höhe, Linie deren beide Enden jeweils den beiden Enden der sich auf das Element beziehenden Spule entsprechen und jeweils an zwei sich gegenüberliegenden Rändern (27, 28) der Folie (20) angeordnet sind, und dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Folie um sich selbst derart aufgewickelt ist, daß die beiden sich gegenüberliegenden Ränder (27, 28)) sich jeweils an den beiden Enden der so erhaltenen Rolle befinden.
  5. Ladung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Element (4) eine Mehrzahl von Folien (20, 30, 32) umfaßt, welche derart geschichtet sind, daß die jeweils den besagten Folien entsprechenden Widerstände (22) elektrisch gegeneinander isoliert sind, und um sich selbst gerollt sind um eine einzige Rolle zu bilden.
  6. Ladung nach irgend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Element (4) aus einem elektrisch isolierendem Plastikmaterial beschaffen ist, welches durch Pyrolyse zersetzbar und stark Wasserstoffhaltig ist.
  7. Ladung nach irgend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder elektrische Widerstand (22) aus einem Metallischen- oder Kohlenstoff-Material beschaffen ist.
EP19900402250 1989-08-08 1990-08-06 Elektrisch gezündete pyrotechnische Treibladung Expired - Lifetime EP0412895B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8910654 1989-08-08
FR8910654A FR2650884B1 (fr) 1989-08-08 1989-08-08 Charge pour lanceur electrothermique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0412895A1 EP0412895A1 (de) 1991-02-13
EP0412895B1 true EP0412895B1 (de) 1993-05-05

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EP19900402250 Expired - Lifetime EP0412895B1 (de) 1989-08-08 1990-08-06 Elektrisch gezündete pyrotechnische Treibladung

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EP (1) EP0412895B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69001525T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2041159T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2650884B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5431105A (en) * 1993-09-16 1995-07-11 Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. Electrothermal chemical cartridge
SE509310C2 (sv) * 1994-06-17 1999-01-11 Foersvarets Forskningsanstalt Sätt att elektriskt initiera och styra förbränningen av en kompakt drivladdning samt drivladdning
AU708028B2 (en) * 1995-03-23 1999-07-29 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Electrothermal chemical cartridge
WO2000046551A1 (de) * 1999-02-03 2000-08-10 Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik Anzündsystem für treibladungen, das nach dem induktionsprinzip arbeitet
DE19928832A1 (de) * 1999-06-24 2000-12-28 Diehl Stiftung & Co Elektrische Anzündeinrichtung für die Treibladung einer Patrone

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB579123A (en) * 1939-10-06 1946-07-24 Victor George Bull Improvements in or relating to electric detonators and primers
BE550813A (de) * 1955-09-14
US2926566A (en) * 1956-11-30 1960-03-01 Walter W Atkins Device for accelerating the ignition of the propellant for a projectile
GB927705A (en) * 1960-09-20 1963-06-06 Graviner Manufacturing Co Improvements in or relating to explosive charges
US3173370A (en) * 1961-12-26 1965-03-16 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Igniter for solid propellant
US4334474A (en) * 1976-05-21 1982-06-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Warhead initiation system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2041159T3 (es) 1993-11-01
EP0412895A1 (de) 1991-02-13
FR2650884A1 (fr) 1991-02-15
DE69001525T2 (de) 1993-10-28
FR2650884B1 (fr) 1991-10-11
DE69001525D1 (de) 1993-06-09

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