EP0400523B1 - High tension gas blast circuit-breaker - Google Patents

High tension gas blast circuit-breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0400523B1
EP0400523B1 EP90110056A EP90110056A EP0400523B1 EP 0400523 B1 EP0400523 B1 EP 0400523B1 EP 90110056 A EP90110056 A EP 90110056A EP 90110056 A EP90110056 A EP 90110056A EP 0400523 B1 EP0400523 B1 EP 0400523B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
volume
blast
piston
arc
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90110056A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0400523A1 (en
Inventor
Edmond Thuries
Denis Dufournet
Michel Perret
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Holdings SA
Original Assignee
GEC Alsthom SA
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0400523A1 publication Critical patent/EP0400523A1/en
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Publication of EP0400523B1 publication Critical patent/EP0400523B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H01H33/903—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc and assisting the operating mechanism

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high voltage circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1 in which the breaking chamber is filled with dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and in which the energy of the arc is used , thanks to the increase in pressure it gives the gas, on the one hand to blow the arc which is established when the circuit breaker opens and, on the other hand, to provide additional energy to the circuit breaker opening mechanism.
  • dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
  • Document EP-A-302 390 describes a circuit breaker of the arc blowing type and comprising auxiliary contacts allowing the creation, during an opening operation of the circuit breaker (tripping), of a secondary arc being established by same time as the main arc.
  • EPC describes a circuit breaker in which means are provided to avoid any secondary arc upon engagement.
  • An object of the present invention is to use the effects of the secondary arc which occurs during the closing of the circuit breaker to promote this closing and therefore to use a control whose power is not increased.
  • the reference 1 designates a cylindrical envelope, of axis xx, of insulating material such as ceramic, delimiting an interior volume 2 filled a gas with good dielectric properties such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
  • insulating material such as ceramic
  • SF6 sulfur hexafluoride
  • the circuit breaker comprises a fixed main contact 3 consisting of contact fingers arranged in a tulip; this contact is surrounded by a corona hood 4.
  • the main contact 3 is associated with a fixed arcing contact consisting of a metal tube 5 terminated by a part 5A resistant to the effects of the arcing and produced for example by pure or alloyed tungsten.
  • the two aforementioned fixed contacts are connected to a first outlet not shown.
  • the moving element of the circuit breaker comprises a metal tube 6, terminated by a wearing part 6A, constituting the moving arcing contact.
  • This tube is connected, by a metal piece 7, to an axial rod 8 of insulating material, used for the opening and closing operations of the circuit breaker.
  • the moving assembly further comprises a part 9 having the form of two cylinders 9A and 9B, adjacent, coaxial and of unequal diameter: the cylinder 9A of smaller diameter serves as a permanent mobile contact and cooperates for this purpose with the contact fingers 3; the cylinder 9B, of larger diameter, defines, with the tube 6, a blowing volume 10.
  • the parts 9 and 6 are secured by an annular piece of insulating material 11, pierced with passages 11A.
  • the tube 9A carries a blowing nozzle 12 made of insulating material.
  • the fixed assembly comprises, at its opposite end with respect to the blowing zone situated at the end of the nozzle, a fixed metal block 15 electrically connected to a second outlet not shown.
  • the block 15 carries a ring of contact fingers 15A cooperating with the tube 9 to ensure the continuity of the flow of current between the tube 9 and the block 15.
  • the block 15 also carries a metallic tubular part 16, defining with the tube 6 an annular volume 20. This volume is closed at one end by an insulating annular part 21 provided with openings 22 which can be closed by one-way valves 23 preventing the passage of gas from the interior to the exterior of the volume 20.
  • the part 21 is integral with the movable tube 6 and slides along the tube 16 in a leaktight manner thanks to a dynamic seal 24.
  • the other end of the volume 20 is closed by a part 25, made of insulating material, which acts as a blowing piston while cooperating with the cylinder 9.
  • This part 25 is fixed to the tube 16. It carries a dynamic seal 26 cooperating with the tube 9B and a sliding joint 27 cooperating with the tube 6.
  • the part 25 has a generally tubular shape, with a thickness sufficient to allow on the one hand to have first conduits 28 and second conduits 29, parallel to the axis x x and each bringing the volumes 10 and 20 into communication.
  • the conduits 28 can be closed by a piston 30 sliding in a volume 31 formed in the part 25 on the side of the volume 20; the piston 30 is pushed, in a direction tending to close the conduits 28, by a spring 32 resting on a fixed part of the circuit breaker which will be specified below.
  • the conduits 29 can be closed, on the side of the volume 10, by a differential valve 35 constituted by a simple annular washer whose stroke is limited by a stop 36.
  • the conduits 29 extend beyond the area of overlap of the part 25 and tube 16; holes 37 in the latter allow communication between the conduits 29 and the interior of the volume 20.
  • the tube 16 carries a first contact 41 of the pair of secondary contacts.
  • This contact 41 serves as a stop for the spring 32.
  • This contact 41 terminated by a wearing part 41A, is of tubular shape.
  • the tube 6 carries the second contact 42 of the pair of secondary contacts.
  • This contact 42 also tubular and terminated by a wearing part 42 A, is coaxial with the contact 41.
  • the contacts 41 and 42 When the circuit breaker is in the closed position (case of FIG. 1), the contacts 41 and 42 have a large facing portion. opposite.
  • the part 25 has channels 44 connecting, when the piston 30 does not close the channels 28, the volume 10 and the volume 20.
  • the major part 44A of these channels 44 is parallel to the axis xx; they have a radial part 44B opening out in the vicinity of the outlet of the channels 28.
  • the part 25 is extended, on the side of the axis xx, by a tubular portion or jacket 25A of insulating material, in sliding contact with the tube 6.
  • the jacket 25A carries, on the side of the contact 41, longitudinal grooves 45, c 'that is to say parallel to the axis xx, visible in Figure 2.
  • the insulating part 25 and the jacket 25A constitute a single piece coming from machining.
  • the jacket 25A carries, at its end located closest to the operating rod, a metal block 47, cooperating electrically with the tube 6 by sliding electrical contacts 48.
  • This block carries a crown 49 made of material resistant to the effects of arc, of diameter substantially equal to that of the tube 41 and turned on the side of the wear part of the latter.
  • the circuit breaker works as follows: - in the engaged position (FIG. 1), the current flows through the fingers 3 of the main contact, the tube 9, the contact fingers 15A and the metal block 15.
  • the operating rod 8 is moved to the right of the figure and drives the moving assembly.
  • the main contacts separate and the current is switched to the arcing contacts. It then passes through the tube 5, the tube 6, the tube 42, the tube 41, the tube 16 and the block 15.
  • This increase in pressure causes the arc 51 to be blown; the excess pressure is evacuated, via the conduits 28, 44B and 44A, to the volume 2; in fact, the increase in pressure in the volume 10 caused the piston 30 to move against the action of the spring 31 and despite the slight overpressure caused by the secondary arc 52.
  • the valve 35 is also closed by the overpressure in the volume 10 during the opening operation of the circuit breaker.
  • the overpressure inside the tube 6 can be evacuated by holes 53 made in the latter beyond the part 21.
  • the tube 6 is brought to the potential of the block 15 by means of contact fingers 60.
  • the secondary arc 52 does not extend beyond a given length, equal to the distance separating the parts 41A and 49; this avoids the risk of priming on the surrounding metal walls. This avoids untimely priming thanks to the 25A folder.
  • the friction with the contact piece 41 produces a certain wear and a slight carbonization of the insulating material which promotes the ionization of the near medium and, consequently, the routing of the arc and its channeling in the grooves 45.
  • the secondary arc 52 (FIG. 4) has a high calorific energy which causes a significant increase in the pressure P3 in the volume 20.
  • the valve 23 closes.
  • the hot gases of the volume 20 pass through the grooves 45 and cause the channels 30 to be closed by the piston 30.
  • the differential valve 35 also closes because the action of the pressure P2 of the volume 10 on the total section S1 of the valve 35 is stronger than the action of the pressure P3 of the volume 20 on the section S2 of the conduits 29.
  • the pressure in the blowing volume therefore becomes very important since the gas cannot escape from it.
  • the gas in volume 10 expands and produces an extremely energetic blow of the arc 51 which extinguishes, which causes the extinction of the secondary arc 52.
  • the pressure P3 in the volume 20 is applied to the surface of the part 21, thus making an important contribution to the operating energy.
  • the mobile assembly is moved from right to left of the figure.
  • pre-arcing arcs 61 and 62 appear.
  • the valve 23 is closed.
  • the pressure increase generated by the secondary arc 62 causes the piston 30 to close and the differential valve 35 to open.
  • the pressure P4 of the volume 20 is therefore transmitted, through the conduits 29, to the part 11 and the portion connecting tubes 9A and 9B, and thus contributes to the closing energy.
  • the circuit breaker an embodiment of which has just been described, has great operational safety thanks to the measures taken to avoid internal strikes; the arrangements made to use the effects of the secondary arc allow a significant contribution to the maneuvering energy necessary to cut off high intensity currents; priming is authorized on closing, but it also contributes to the operating energy.
  • FIGS 6 to 8 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the invention, of simple construction.
  • the elements common to these figures and to the preceding figures have been given the same reference numbers and will not be described again.
  • the movable arcing contact is a metal tube 106, extended by an insulating tube 107 itself extended by a metal tube 108 connected to the operating rod.
  • One of the secondary contacts, 141 is fixed to the piston 36 and is in electrical contact with the tube 106 by a sliding contact 143.
  • the other secondary contact, 142 is integral with the tube 16 and cooperates electrically with the tube 108 by a sliding electrical contact 144.
  • the openings of the piston 36 are closable by means of a valve made up of a ring 136.
  • the ends of the secondary contacts are provided with horns 151 and 152 whose role is explained below.
  • a main arc 51 and a secondary arc 52 develop.
  • the secondary arc 52 under the action of electromagnetic forces, rises along the horns while elongating, which increases the heating of the surrounding gas and the rise in pressure in the volume. The energy provided by the secondary arc is thus increased and promotes triggering.
  • the secondary contacts 151 and 152 come into contact, by their rounded ends 141A and 142A, with the tube 106, so that they are placed at the same potential.
  • the presence of the insulating tube 107 promotes the path of the secondary arc and avoids inadvertent strikes.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-tension circuit breaker insulated with dielectric self-blasting gas. <??>The circuit breaker comprising, inside a sealed insulating envelope filled with dielectric gas: - a fixed assembly comprising in particular a stationary main contact and a stationary arc contact, - a moving assembly driven by a manoeuvring linkage and comprising in particular a moving main contact and a moving arc contact, - a blasting volume prolonged by a blasting nozzle, - a blasting piston, - a pair of secondary contacts arranged in a first volume and intended to generate a secondary arc, is characterised in that it comprises first means of reducing the risks of untimely sparking due to the secondary arc and which consist of a jacket (25A) made of an insulating material and extending in line with the secondary contacts (41, 42) and in sliding contact with at least part of one (41) of the secondary contacts, the said jacket carrying longitudinal grooves (45) on the said secondary contact (41) side. <??>Application to high-tension circuit breakers. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un disjoncteur à haute tension selon le préambule de la revendication 1 dans lequel la chambre de coupure est remplie de gaz diélectrique tel que l'hexafluorure de soufre (SF₆), et dans lequel l'énergie de l'arc est utilisée, grâce à l'augmentation de pression qu'elle confère au gaz, d'une part pour souffler l'arc qui s'établit au moment de l'ouverture du disjoncteur et, d'autre part, pour apporter un complément d'énergie au mécanisme d'ouverture du disjoncteur.The present invention relates to a high voltage circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1 in which the breaking chamber is filled with dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆), and in which the energy of the arc is used , thanks to the increase in pressure it gives the gas, on the one hand to blow the arc which is established when the circuit breaker opens and, on the other hand, to provide additional energy to the circuit breaker opening mechanism.

Le document EP-A-302 390 décrit un disjoncteur du type à soufflage d'arc et comprenant des contacts auxiliaires permettant la création, lors d'une manoeuvre d'ouverture du disjoncteur (déclenchement), d'un arc secondaire s'établissant en même temps que l'arc principal.Document EP-A-302 390 describes a circuit breaker of the arc blowing type and comprising auxiliary contacts allowing the creation, during an opening operation of the circuit breaker (tripping), of a secondary arc being established by same time as the main arc.

Il est mentionné dans ce document que l'arc secondaire produit, à la fermeture du disjoncteur (enclenchement), une surpression qui s'oppose à la fermeture. Il est prévu des moyens qui permettent d'évacuer cette surpression; ces moyens augmentent le prix de l'appareil et nécessitent d'employer une commande de puissance supérieure à celle qui serait nécessaire sans cette surpression.It is mentioned in this document that the secondary arc produces, on closing of the circuit breaker (closing), an overpressure which opposes closing. Means are provided which allow this excess pressure to be released; these means increase the price of the device and require the use of a power control greater than that which would be necessary without this overpressure.

Le document EP-A-367 072 constituant un état de la technique au sens de l'art 54(3) CBE décrit un disjoncteur dans lequel des moyens sont prévus pour éviter tout arc secondaire à l'enclenchement.The document EP-A-367 072 constituting a state of the art within the meaning of art 54 (3) EPC describes a circuit breaker in which means are provided to avoid any secondary arc upon engagement.

Un but de la présente invention est d'utiliser les effets de l'arc secondaire qui se produit lors de la fermeture du disjoncteur pour favoriser cette fermeture et donc d'utiliser une commande dont la puissance ne soit pas majorée.An object of the present invention is to use the effects of the secondary arc which occurs during the closing of the circuit breaker to promote this closing and therefore to use a control whose power is not increased.

Le but indiqué ci-dessus est atteint par le disjoncteur tel que défini dans la revendication 1.The object indicated above is achieved by the circuit breaker as defined in claim 1.

En ce qui concerne des caractéristiques d'une mise en oeuvre préférée de ce disjoncteur, référence est faite à la revendication secondaire.With regard to the characteristics of a preferred implementation of this circuit breaker, reference is made to the secondary claim.

L'invention sera bien comprise par la description donnée ci-après d'un mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention, en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel:

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique partielle en demi-coupe axiale d'un disjoncteur selon l'invention, représenté en position enclenchée,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 est une vue du même disjoncteur au cours d'une manoeuvre de déclenchement pour la coupure d'un courant de faible intensité,
  • la figure 4 est une vue du même disjoncteur au cours d'une manoeuvre de déclenchement pour la coupure d'un courant de forte intensité,
  • la figure 5 est une vue du même disjoncteur au cours d'une manoeuvre de fermeture.
  • la figure 6 est une vue schématique en demi-coupe axiale d'un disjoncteur selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, représenté en position enclenchée,
  • la figure 7 est une vue du même disjoncteur au début d'une manoeuvre de déclenchement,
  • la figure 8 est une vue du même disjoncteur en fin de manoeuvre de déclenchement.
The invention will be better understood from the description given below of a preferred embodiment of the invention, with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a partial schematic view in axial half-section of a circuit breaker according to the invention, shown in the engaged position,
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view along the line II-II of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a view of the same circuit breaker during a tripping operation for breaking a low current,
  • FIG. 4 is a view of the same circuit breaker during a tripping operation for breaking a high current,
  • Figure 5 is a view of the same circuit breaker during a closing operation.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view in axial half-section of a circuit breaker according to an alternative embodiment of the invention, shown in the engaged position,
  • FIG. 7 is a view of the same circuit breaker at the start of a tripping operation,
  • Figure 8 is a view of the same circuit breaker at the end of tripping operation.

Dans la figure 1, la référence 1 désigne une enveloppe cylindrique, d'axe xx, en matériau isolant tel que la céramique, délimitant un volume intérieur 2 rempli d'un gaz à bonnes propriétés diélectriques tel que l'hexafluorure de soufre (SF6).In FIG. 1, the reference 1 designates a cylindrical envelope, of axis xx, of insulating material such as ceramic, delimiting an interior volume 2 filled a gas with good dielectric properties such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).

Le disjoncteur comprend un contact principal fixe 3 constitué de doigts de contact disposés en tulipe; ce contact est entouré d'un capot pare-effluves 4. Le contact principal 3 est associé à un contact d'arc fixe constitué d'un tube métallique 5 terminé par une pièce 5A résistant aux effets de l'arc et réalisé par exemple en tungstène pur ou allié. Les deux contacts fixes précités sont reliés à une première prise de courant non représentée.The circuit breaker comprises a fixed main contact 3 consisting of contact fingers arranged in a tulip; this contact is surrounded by a corona hood 4. The main contact 3 is associated with a fixed arcing contact consisting of a metal tube 5 terminated by a part 5A resistant to the effects of the arcing and produced for example by pure or alloyed tungsten. The two aforementioned fixed contacts are connected to a first outlet not shown.

L'équipage mobile du disjoncteur comprend un tube métallique 6, terminé par une pièce d'usure 6A, constituant le contact d'arc mobile. Ce tube est relié, par une pièce métallique 7, à une tringle axiale 8 en matériau isolant, utilisée pour les manoeuvres d'ouverture et de fermeture du disjoncteur.The moving element of the circuit breaker comprises a metal tube 6, terminated by a wearing part 6A, constituting the moving arcing contact. This tube is connected, by a metal piece 7, to an axial rod 8 of insulating material, used for the opening and closing operations of the circuit breaker.

L'équipage mobile comprend en outre une pièce 9 ayant la forme de deux cylindres 9A et 9B, adjacents, coaxiaux et de diamètre inégaux: le cylindre 9A de plus faible diamètre sert de contact permanent mobile et coopère à cet effet avec les doigts de contact 3; le cylindre 9B, de plus grand diamètre, délimite, avec le tube 6, un volume de soufflage 10. Les pièces 9 et 6 sont solidarisées par une pièce annulaire en matériau isolant 11, percée de passages 11A. Le tube 9A porte une buse de soufflage 12 en matériau isolant.The moving assembly further comprises a part 9 having the form of two cylinders 9A and 9B, adjacent, coaxial and of unequal diameter: the cylinder 9A of smaller diameter serves as a permanent mobile contact and cooperates for this purpose with the contact fingers 3; the cylinder 9B, of larger diameter, defines, with the tube 6, a blowing volume 10. The parts 9 and 6 are secured by an annular piece of insulating material 11, pierced with passages 11A. The tube 9A carries a blowing nozzle 12 made of insulating material.

L'ensemble fixe comprend, à son extrémité opposée par rapport à la zone de soufflage située à l'extrémité de la buse, un bloc métallique fixe 15 relié électriquement à une seconde prise de courant non représentée. Le bloc 15 porte un couronne de doigts de contact 15A coopérant avec le tube 9 pour assurer la continuité du passage du courant entre le tube 9 et le bloc 15. Le bloc 15 porte en outre une pièce tubulaire métallique 16, définissant avec le tube 6 un volume annulaire 20. Ce volume est fermé à une première extrémité par une pièce annulaire isolante 21 munie d'ouvertures 22 pouvant être obturées par des clapets unidirectionnels 23 interdisant le passage du gaz de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur du volume 20. La pièce 21 est solidaire du tube mobile 6 et glisse le long du tube 16 de manière étanche grâce à un joint dynamique 24. L'autre extrémité du volume 20 est fermée par une pièce 25, en matériau isolant, qui sert de piston de soufflage en coopérant avec le cylindre 9. Cette pièce 25 est fixée au tube 16. Elle porte un joint d'étanchéité dynamique 26 coopérant avec le tube 9B et un joint glissant 27 coopérant avec le tube 6. La pièce 25 a une forme globalement tubulaire, avec une épaisseur suffisante pour permettre de comporter d'une part des premiers conduits 28 et des seconds conduits 29, parallèles à l'axe xx et mettant chacun en communication les volumes 10 et 20. Les conduits 28 sont obturables par un piston 30 coulissant dans un volume 31 pratiqué dans la pièce 25 du côté du volume 20 ; le piston 30 est poussé, dans un sens tendant à fermer les conduits 28, par un ressort 32 s'appuyant sur une partie fixe du disjoncteur qui sera précisée plus loin. Les conduits 29 peuvent être fermés, du côté du volume 10, par un clapet différentiel 35 constitué par une simple rondelle annulaire dont la course est limitée par une butée 36. Les conduits 29 se prolongent au-delà de la zone de recouvrement de la pièce 25 et du tube 16; des trous 37 dans ce dernier permettent la communication entre les conduits 29 et l'intérieur du volume 20.The fixed assembly comprises, at its opposite end with respect to the blowing zone situated at the end of the nozzle, a fixed metal block 15 electrically connected to a second outlet not shown. The block 15 carries a ring of contact fingers 15A cooperating with the tube 9 to ensure the continuity of the flow of current between the tube 9 and the block 15. The block 15 also carries a metallic tubular part 16, defining with the tube 6 an annular volume 20. This volume is closed at one end by an insulating annular part 21 provided with openings 22 which can be closed by one-way valves 23 preventing the passage of gas from the interior to the exterior of the volume 20. The part 21 is integral with the movable tube 6 and slides along the tube 16 in a leaktight manner thanks to a dynamic seal 24. The other end of the volume 20 is closed by a part 25, made of insulating material, which acts as a blowing piston while cooperating with the cylinder 9. This part 25 is fixed to the tube 16. It carries a dynamic seal 26 cooperating with the tube 9B and a sliding joint 27 cooperating with the tube 6. The part 25 has a generally tubular shape, with a thickness sufficient to allow on the one hand to have first conduits 28 and second conduits 29, parallel to the axis x x and each bringing the volumes 10 and 20 into communication. The conduits 28 can be closed by a piston 30 sliding in a volume 31 formed in the part 25 on the side of the volume 20; the piston 30 is pushed, in a direction tending to close the conduits 28, by a spring 32 resting on a fixed part of the circuit breaker which will be specified below. The conduits 29 can be closed, on the side of the volume 10, by a differential valve 35 constituted by a simple annular washer whose stroke is limited by a stop 36. The conduits 29 extend beyond the area of overlap of the part 25 and tube 16; holes 37 in the latter allow communication between the conduits 29 and the interior of the volume 20.

Le tube 16 porte un premier contact 41 de la paire de contacts secondaires. Ce contact 41 sert de butée au ressort 32. Ce contact 41, terminé par une pièce d'usure 41A est de forme tubulaire.The tube 16 carries a first contact 41 of the pair of secondary contacts. This contact 41 serves as a stop for the spring 32. This contact 41, terminated by a wearing part 41A, is of tubular shape.

Le tube 6 porte le second contact 42 de la paire de contacts secondaires. Ce contact 42, également tubulaire et terminé par une pièce d'usure 42 A, est coaxial au contact 41. Lorsque le disjoncteur est en position fermée (cas de la figure 1), les contacts 41 et 42 ont une grande portion en vis-à-vis.The tube 6 carries the second contact 42 of the pair of secondary contacts. This contact 42, also tubular and terminated by a wearing part 42 A, is coaxial with the contact 41. When the circuit breaker is in the closed position (case of FIG. 1), the contacts 41 and 42 have a large facing portion. opposite.

La pièce 25 présente des canaux 44 mettant en communication, lorsque le piston 30 n'obture pas les canaux 28, le volume 10 et le volume 20. La majeure partie 44A de ces canaux 44 est parallèle à l'axe xx; ils présentent une partie radiale 44B débouchant au voisinage de la sortie des canaux 28.The part 25 has channels 44 connecting, when the piston 30 does not close the channels 28, the volume 10 and the volume 20. The major part 44A of these channels 44 is parallel to the axis xx; they have a radial part 44B opening out in the vicinity of the outlet of the channels 28.

La pièce 25 est prolongée, du côté de l'axe xx, par une portion tubulaire ou chemise 25A en matériau isolant, en contact glissant avec le tube 6. La chemise 25A porte, du côté du contact 41, des rainures 45 longitudinales, c'est-à-dire parallèles à l'axe xx, visibles dans la figure 2. Dans l'exemple représenté, la pièce isolante 25 et la chemise 25A constituent une seule et même pièce venue d'usinage.The part 25 is extended, on the side of the axis xx, by a tubular portion or jacket 25A of insulating material, in sliding contact with the tube 6. The jacket 25A carries, on the side of the contact 41, longitudinal grooves 45, c 'that is to say parallel to the axis xx, visible in Figure 2. In the example shown, the insulating part 25 and the jacket 25A constitute a single piece coming from machining.

La chemise 25A porte, à son extrémité située le plus près de la tringle de manoeuvre, un bloc métallique 47, coopérant électriquement avec le tube 6 par des contacts électriques glissants 48. Ce bloc porte une couronne 49 en matériau résistant aux effets de l'arc, de diamètre sensiblement égal à celui du tube 41 et tourné du côté de la pièce d'usure de ce dernier.The jacket 25A carries, at its end located closest to the operating rod, a metal block 47, cooperating electrically with the tube 6 by sliding electrical contacts 48. This block carries a crown 49 made of material resistant to the effects of arc, of diameter substantially equal to that of the tube 41 and turned on the side of the wear part of the latter.

Le fonctionnement du disjoncteur est le suivant:
   - en position enclenchée (figure 1), le courant circule par les doigts 3 du contact principal, le tube 9, les doigts de contact 15A et le bloc métallique 15.The circuit breaker works as follows:
- in the engaged position (FIG. 1), the current flows through the fingers 3 of the main contact, the tube 9, the contact fingers 15A and the metal block 15.

Coupure des courants de faible intensité.Cut of low intensity currents.

Il s'agit des courants de valeur inférieure ou égale à l'intensité nominale de la ligne dans laquelle est inséré le disjoncteur.These are currents with a value less than or equal to the nominal current of the line in which the circuit breaker is inserted.

Au moment du déclenchement, la tringle de manoeuvre 8 est déplacée vers la droite de la figure et entraîne l'équipage mobile. Les contacts principaux se séparent et le courant est commuté sur les contacts d'arc. Il passe alors par le tube 5, le tube 6, le tube 42, le tube 41, le tube 16 et le bloc 15.At the time of release, the operating rod 8 is moved to the right of the figure and drives the moving assembly. The main contacts separate and the current is switched to the arcing contacts. It then passes through the tube 5, the tube 6, the tube 42, the tube 41, the tube 16 and the block 15.

A la séparation des contacts d'arc 5 et 6, qui coïncide avec la séparation des contacts secondaires 41 et 42, un arc 51 jaillit entre les contacts 5 et 6, et un arc 52 jaillit entre les contacts 41 et 42. (Voir figure 3). Comme le courant à couper est faible, la puissance calorifique de l'arc 52 est faible. Le clapet 23 est ouvert et autorise le remplissage du volume 20.
L'augmentation de pression dans le volume de soufflage 10 est due principalement à l'effet de compression produite par le déplacement du piston 25 dans le cylindre 10. Cette augmentation de pression provoque le soufflage de l'arc 51; l'excédent de pression est évacuée, par les conduits 28, 44B et 44A, vers le volume 2; en effet, l'augmentation de pression dans le volume 10 a provoqué le déplacement du piston 30 contre l'action du ressort 31 et malgré la légère surpression provoquée par l'arc secondaire 52. Le clapet 35 est également fermé par la surpression dans le volume 10 au cours de la manoeuvre d'ouverture du disjoncteur. La surpression à l'intérieur du tube 6 peut s'évacuer par des trous 53 pratiqués dans ce dernier au-delà de la pièce 21.When the arcing contacts 5 and 6 are separated, which coincides with the separation of the secondary contacts 41 and 42, an arc 51 arises between the contacts 5 and 6, and an arc 52 arises between the contacts 41 and 42. (See figure 3). As the current to be cut is low, the calorific power of the arc 52 is low. The valve 23 is open and allows the filling of the volume 20.
The increase in pressure in the blowing volume 10 is mainly due to the compression effect produced by the displacement of the piston 25 in the cylinder 10. This increase in pressure causes the arc 51 to be blown; the excess pressure is evacuated, via the conduits 28, 44B and 44A, to the volume 2; in fact, the increase in pressure in the volume 10 caused the piston 30 to move against the action of the spring 31 and despite the slight overpressure caused by the secondary arc 52. The valve 35 is also closed by the overpressure in the volume 10 during the opening operation of the circuit breaker. The overpressure inside the tube 6 can be evacuated by holes 53 made in the latter beyond the part 21.

En fin de manoeuvre le tube 6 est mis au potentiel du bloc 15 au moyen de doigts de contact 60.At the end of the maneuver the tube 6 is brought to the potential of the block 15 by means of contact fingers 60.

Grâce à la présence du bloc métallique 47, l'arc secondaire 52 ne s'étire pas au-delà d'une longueur donnée, égale à la distance séparant les pièces 41A et 49; on évite ainsi les risques d'amorçage sur les parois métalliques environnantes. On évite les amorçages intempestifs grâce à la chemise 25A. Le frottement avec la pièce de contact 41 produit une certaine usure et une légère carbonisation du matériau isolant qui favorise l'ionisation du milieu proche et, par suite, le cheminement de l'arc et sa canalisation dans les rainures 45.Thanks to the presence of the metal block 47, the secondary arc 52 does not extend beyond a given length, equal to the distance separating the parts 41A and 49; this avoids the risk of priming on the surrounding metal walls. This avoids untimely priming thanks to the 25A folder. The friction with the contact piece 41 produces a certain wear and a slight carbonization of the insulating material which promotes the ionization of the near medium and, consequently, the routing of the arc and its channeling in the grooves 45.

Coupure des courants de forte intensitéCut of high intensity currents

Il s'agit des courants de court-circuit.These are short-circuit currents.

L'arc secondaire 52 (figure 4) possède une forte énergie calorifique qui provoque une élévation importante de la pression P3 dans le volume 20. Le clapet 23 se ferme. Les gaz chauds du volume 20 cheminent à travers les rainures 45 et provoquent la fermeture des canaux par le piston 30. Le clapet différentiel 35 se ferme également car l'action de la pression P2 du volume 10 sur la section totale S1 du clapet 35 est plus forte que l'action de la pression P3 du volume 20 sur la section S2 des conduits 29. La pression dans le volume de soufflage devient donc très importante puisque le gaz ne peut s'en échapper. Au premier passage par zéro du courant, le gaz du volume 10 se détend et produit un soufflage extrêmement énergique de l'arc 51 qui s'éteint, ce qui provoque l'extinction de l'arc secondaire 52. Au cours du déplacement de l'équipage mobile, la pression P3 dans le volume 20 s'applique sur la surface de la pièce 21, apportant ainsi une contribution importante à l'énergie de manoeuvre.The secondary arc 52 (FIG. 4) has a high calorific energy which causes a significant increase in the pressure P3 in the volume 20. The valve 23 closes. The hot gases of the volume 20 pass through the grooves 45 and cause the channels 30 to be closed by the piston 30. The differential valve 35 also closes because the action of the pressure P2 of the volume 10 on the total section S1 of the valve 35 is stronger than the action of the pressure P3 of the volume 20 on the section S2 of the conduits 29. The pressure in the blowing volume therefore becomes very important since the gas cannot escape from it. At the first zero crossing of the current, the gas in volume 10 expands and produces an extremely energetic blow of the arc 51 which extinguishes, which causes the extinction of the secondary arc 52. During the movement of the mobile equipment, the pressure P3 in the volume 20 is applied to the surface of the part 21, thus making an important contribution to the operating energy.

Fermeture du disjoncteurCircuit breaker closing

On se reportera à la figure 5.We will refer to figure 5.

L'ensemble mobile est déplacé de la droite vers la gauche de la figure. Lorsque les contacts d'arc principal et les contacts d'arc secondaire se rapprochent au-delà de la distance d'isolement, des arcs de préamorçage 61 et 62 apparaissent. Le clapet 23 est fermé. L'augmentation de pression engendrée par l'arc secondaire 62 provoque la fermeture du piston 30 et l'ouverture du clapet différentiel 35. La pression P4 du volume 20 se transmet donc, à travers les conduits 29, sur la pièce 11 et la portion de liaison des tubes 9A et 9B, et contribue ainsi à l'énergie de fermeture.The mobile assembly is moved from right to left of the figure. When the main arcing contacts and the secondary arcing contacts approach beyond the insulation distance, pre-arcing arcs 61 and 62 appear. The valve 23 is closed. The pressure increase generated by the secondary arc 62 causes the piston 30 to close and the differential valve 35 to open. The pressure P4 of the volume 20 is therefore transmitted, through the conduits 29, to the part 11 and the portion connecting tubes 9A and 9B, and thus contributes to the closing energy.

Le disjoncteur, dont un mode de réalisation vient d'être décrit, présente une grande sûreté de fonctionnement grâce aux mesures prises pour éviter les amorçages intérieurs; les dispositions prises pour utiliser les effets de l'arc secondaire permettent une contribution importante à l'énergie de manoeuvre nécessaire à la coupure des courants de forte intensité; l'amorçage est autorisé à la fermeture, mais il contribue également à l'énergie de manoeuvre.The circuit breaker, an embodiment of which has just been described, has great operational safety thanks to the measures taken to avoid internal strikes; the arrangements made to use the effects of the secondary arc allow a significant contribution to the maneuvering energy necessary to cut off high intensity currents; priming is authorized on closing, but it also contributes to the operating energy.

Les figures 6 à 8 illustrent une variante de réalisation de l'invention, de construction simple. Les éléments communs à ces figures et aux figures précédentes ont reçu les mêmes numéros de référence et ne seront pas décrits à nouveau.Figures 6 to 8 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the invention, of simple construction. The elements common to these figures and to the preceding figures have been given the same reference numbers and will not be described again.

Le contact d'arc mobile est un tube métallique 106, prolongé par un tube isolant 107 lui-même prolongé par un tube métallique 108 relié à la tringle de manoeuvre.The movable arcing contact is a metal tube 106, extended by an insulating tube 107 itself extended by a metal tube 108 connected to the operating rod.

L'un des contacts secondaires, 141, est fixé au piston 36 et est en contact électrique avec le tube 106 par un contact glissant 143.One of the secondary contacts, 141, is fixed to the piston 36 and is in electrical contact with the tube 106 by a sliding contact 143.

L'autre contact secondaire, 142, est solidaire du tube 16 et coopère électriquement avec le tube 108 par un contact électrique glissant 144.The other secondary contact, 142, is integral with the tube 16 and cooperates electrically with the tube 108 by a sliding electrical contact 144.

Les ouvertures du piston 36 sont obturables au moyen d'un clapet constitué d'un anneau 136.The openings of the piston 36 are closable by means of a valve made up of a ring 136.

Selon une caractéristique de cette variante de réalisation, les extrémités des contacts secondaires sont munis de cornes 151 et 152 dont le rôle est expliqué plus loin.According to a characteristic of this alternative embodiment, the ends of the secondary contacts are provided with horns 151 and 152 whose role is explained below.

En position enclenchée du disjoncteur (figure 6), le courant traverse les pièces 3, 9 et 15A.In the circuit-breaker on position (Figure 6), the current flows through parts 3, 9 and 15A.

Au cours du déclenchement, et après séparation des contacts d'arc, (figure 7) un arc principal 51 et un arc secondaire 52 se développent. L'arc secondaire 52, sous l'action des forces électromagnétiques, monte le long des cornes en s'allongeant, ce qui accroît l'échauffement du gaz environnant et la montée en pression dans le volume. L'énergie apportée par l'arc secondaire est ainsi accrue et favorise le déclenchement.During tripping, and after separation of the arcing contacts, (FIG. 7) a main arc 51 and a secondary arc 52 develop. The secondary arc 52, under the action of electromagnetic forces, rises along the horns while elongating, which increases the heating of the surrounding gas and the rise in pressure in the volume. The energy provided by the secondary arc is thus increased and promotes triggering.

A la fin de l'opération de déclenchement, (figure 8), les contacts secondaires 151 et 152 viennent en contact, par leurs extrémités arrondies 141A et 142A, avec le tube 106, de sorte qu'ils se trouvent mis au même potentiel.At the end of the tripping operation (FIG. 8), the secondary contacts 151 and 152 come into contact, by their rounded ends 141A and 142A, with the tube 106, so that they are placed at the same potential.

La variante qui vient d'être décrite est de construction simple et robuste et s'applique, comme la variante précédente, aux disjoncteurs à haute tension.The variant which has just been described is of simple and robust construction and applies, like the previous variant, to high voltage circuit breakers.

La présence du tube isolant 107 favorise le cheminement de l'arc secondaire et évite les amorçages intempestifs.The presence of the insulating tube 107 promotes the path of the secondary arc and avoids inadvertent strikes.

Claims (2)

  1. A high voltage circuit breaker insulated by an arc blasting dielectric gas and comprising, inside a gas-tight insulating housing:
    - a fixed assembly comprising, in particular, a fixed main contact (3) and a fixed arcing contact (5, 5A);
    - a moving assembly driven by a drive rod (8) and including, in particular, a moving main contact (9A) and a moving arcing contact (6A) at the end of a metal tube (6) coupled to said drive rod;
    - a blast volume (10) of annular cross-section and delimited by a cylinder (9B) and said tube (6), the latter two parts being coaxial and being fixed to the moving assembly, the blast volume being further delimited by an annular insulating part (11) which is pierced by passages towards a blast nozzle (12);
    - a blast piston (25) having an annular cross-section and sliding in the blast volume, said piston being fixed to a second fixed tube (16),
    - a pair of secondary contacts (41, 42) disposed in a further volume (20) which is delimited by said second tube (16) and said blast piston and intended to generate a secondary arc, characterized in that it comprises first means for reducing the risks of unwanted arcs being struck due to the secondary arc, said means being constituted by a jacket (25A) of insulating material extending level with the secondary contacts (41, 42) when the arc strikes, and second means for supplying additional energy to contribute to closing by virtue of the secondary contacts prestriking, said means including a duct (29) between said further volume (20) and said blast volume (10) and being closeable by a differential valve (35) disposed in the blast volume, said blast piston separating said blast volume (10) and said further volume (20), said communication (29) taking place through said piston.
  2. A circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that said blast piston (25) includes a second duct (28, 44) which is closeable by a piston (30) urged by a spring (31), said communication being located between said blast volume (10) and a second volume (2) outside said further volume (20) and said blast volume (10), said piston being constrained to move only when the breaker is interrupting low value currents.
EP90110056A 1989-05-31 1990-05-28 High tension gas blast circuit-breaker Expired - Lifetime EP0400523B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8907179 1989-05-31
FR8907179A FR2647949B1 (en) 1989-05-31 1989-05-31 HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH SUPPLY DIELECTRIC GAS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0400523A1 EP0400523A1 (en) 1990-12-05
EP0400523B1 true EP0400523B1 (en) 1995-03-15

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ID=9382216

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90110056A Expired - Lifetime EP0400523B1 (en) 1989-05-31 1990-05-28 High tension gas blast circuit-breaker

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US4983791A (en)
EP (1) EP0400523B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2577113B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE120031T1 (en)
BR (1) BR9002558A (en)
CA (1) CA2017804C (en)
DE (1) DE69017758T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2070950T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2647949B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2661550B1 (en) * 1990-04-26 1992-06-12 Alsthom Gec HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH SERIES ARC.
FR2668648B1 (en) * 1990-10-24 1992-12-24 Alsthom Gec SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH INCORPORATED CAPACITOR.
FR2720188B1 (en) * 1994-05-19 1996-06-14 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Reduced auto-compression circuit breaker.
DE19629475A1 (en) 1996-07-10 1998-01-15 Siemens Ag Pressurized gas circuit breaker
US10026571B1 (en) * 2017-03-31 2018-07-17 General Electric Technology Gmbh Switching chamber for a gas-insulated circuit breaker comprising an optimized thermal channel

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3555225A (en) * 1967-09-25 1971-01-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Fluid-flow circuit interrupter with arc-assisted piston action
DE3344094A1 (en) * 1983-12-02 1985-06-13 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Electrical gas-blast circuit breaker
FR2576144B1 (en) * 1985-01-16 1987-02-06 Alsthom Atlantique HIGH VOLTAGE, COMPRESSED GAS, LOW-ENERGY CIRCUIT BREAKER
JP2528100B2 (en) * 1986-07-08 1996-08-28 株式会社日立製作所 Patch type gas circuit breaker
FR2610763B1 (en) * 1987-02-09 1989-04-28 Alsthom LOW ENERGY MANEUVER CIRCUIT BREAKER
FR2619246B1 (en) * 1987-08-03 1989-11-17 Alsthom HIGH OR MEDIUM VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER UNDER PRESSURE WITH CURING ENERGY TAKEN FROM THE ARC
FR2639147B1 (en) * 1988-09-16 1990-12-14 Alsthom Gec HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH DIELECTRIC GAS USED FOR BLOWING

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69017758T2 (en) 1995-07-13
US4983791A (en) 1991-01-08
EP0400523A1 (en) 1990-12-05
ATE120031T1 (en) 1995-04-15
JPH0322315A (en) 1991-01-30
CA2017804A1 (en) 1990-11-30
CA2017804C (en) 1994-02-01
DE69017758D1 (en) 1995-04-20
FR2647949A1 (en) 1990-12-07
ES2070950T3 (en) 1995-06-16
BR9002558A (en) 1991-08-13
FR2647949B1 (en) 1994-02-18
JP2577113B2 (en) 1997-01-29

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