EP0398211B1 - High tension gas blast circuit breaker - Google Patents

High tension gas blast circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0398211B1
EP0398211B1 EP90109017A EP90109017A EP0398211B1 EP 0398211 B1 EP0398211 B1 EP 0398211B1 EP 90109017 A EP90109017 A EP 90109017A EP 90109017 A EP90109017 A EP 90109017A EP 0398211 B1 EP0398211 B1 EP 0398211B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
tube
breaker according
volume
circuit breaker
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP90109017A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0398211A1 (en
Inventor
Michel Perret
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Alstom Holdings SA
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GEC Alsthom SA
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Priority to AT90109017T priority Critical patent/ATE103414T1/en
Publication of EP0398211A1 publication Critical patent/EP0398211A1/en
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Publication of EP0398211B1 publication Critical patent/EP0398211B1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02Details
    • H01H33/04Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16Impedances connected with contacts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H01H33/903Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc and assisting the operating mechanism

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high voltage circuit breaker in which a gas with good dielectric properties, such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), provides insulation and, during a tripping operation, the blowing of the bow.
  • a gas with good dielectric properties such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
  • SF6 sulfur hexafluoride
  • the gas is compressed by a piston whose relative movement relative to a blowing cylinder is provided by the circuit breaker control mechanism.
  • Document FR-A-1 514 265 relates to a circuit breaker in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker in which a given volume is subjected, during a tripping maneuver, to heating, the effects of which are used to improve the performance of the device, without resorting to the creation of a secondary arch.
  • the subject of the invention is a circuit breaker as defined in claim 1.
  • the reference 1 designates a cylindrical insulating envelope of axis xx delimiting a volume 2 filled with a gas with good dielectric properties, such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
  • a gas with good dielectric properties such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
  • the circuit breaker interrupting chamber which includes fixed elements and a moving element.
  • the fixed elements there are fingers 3 arranged in a tulip and constituting the fixed permanent contact and a rod 4 of axis xx, terminated by an end 4A of material resistant to the effects of the arc and constituting the fixed arc contact.
  • the fixed permanent contact is connected to a first socket not shown.
  • Reference 5 designates a corona hood surrounding the fixed permanent contact.
  • the movable assembly comprises a first metallic part 6 of substantially tubular shape and constituting the movable permanent contact, and a second metallic tubular part 7, terminated by a wear part 7A and constituting the movable arcing contact.
  • Parts 6 and 7 are coaxial with axis xx.
  • the part 6 carries a nozzle 8 made of insulating material such as polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the parts 6 and 7 are joined by an annular insulating part 9 pierced with holes 10.
  • the parts 6 and 7 delimit an annular blowing volume V1 closed at its end opposite to the ring 9 by a fixed metal piston 11.
  • This piston comprises sliding electrical contacts 12 cooperating with the tube 7, a dynamic seal 13 in contact with the tube 6 and orifices 14 which can be closed by a valve annular 15.
  • the piston is held in place by a tube 16 of insulating material itself fixed to a fixed metal piece 17 connected to a second outlet not shown.
  • the tubes 7 and 16, and the piston 11 define a volume V2 closed by an annular piece 20 of insulating material secured to the two aforementioned tubes; the part 20 is provided with an orifice closed by a valve 21 allowing the passage of gas only from the outside to the inside of the volume V2.
  • the tube 7 is connected to an operating rod 23 made of insulating material.
  • the part 17 and the tube 6 are electrically connected by fingers 23 fixed by one end to the part 17 and rubbing by their other end on the tube 6.
  • the part 17 and the piston 11 are electrically connected by a metallic element 25 of resistance high electric; in the example of Figure 1, the element is a nickel-chrome steel tube, welded to a step 26 provided with holes 27 of the part 17; alternatively, the element is constituted by a plurality of resistant wires or rods; the material of the element can, more generally, consist of any material making it possible to give the element sufficient resistance to allow it to heat up to a temperature of nearly a thousand degrees and to resist this heating . Mention may in particular be made of tungsten and its alloys or metal or metalloid oxides.
  • the resistive element is this time a metallic sponge 30, produced by means of metal wires of high resistivity, in the manner of a steel wool or by means of a porous material (metal or sintered oxide) having a high coefficient. empty.
  • An element thus produced has a large exchange surface with the surrounding gas, which facilitates the heating of the gas.
  • the sponge When cutting high intensity currents (short-circuit currents for example), the sponge heats up strongly and heats the gas it contains; this gas rises in pressure and escapes from the sponge. AT the mechanical blowing action therefore adds to the volume of gas expelled from the sponge by the thermal action.
  • the circuit breaker produced according to the diagrams of FIGS. 4 and 5 has a very light moving part, since it is possible, compared with the embodiments of the preceding figures, to reduce the blowing volume therefore the diameter of the cylinder 6 and, consequently, its mass.
  • FIGs 6 to 8 illustrate an embodiment in which the blowing nozzle is linked to the fixed part of the circuit breaker instead of being secured to the movable part as in the embodiments of Figures 1 to 5.
  • a cylindrical casing 101 of axis xx made of ceramic, filled with insulating gas and inside which the cut-off members are placed.
  • the fixed elements there is a substantially tubular part 103 of axis xx serving as a permanent fixed contact and connected to a first outlet not shown, a tube 104 coaxial with the tube 103, mechanically and electrically connected to the tube 103 and constituting a fixed arcing contact.
  • a blowing nozzle 108 made of insulating material.
  • the movable assembly comprises contact fingers 106, constituting a movable contact, fixed to a crown 110 coming from machining with a tube 107 constituting a movable arcing contact.
  • the tube 107 is extended by a metal tube 107A electrically connected to a second socket 131 by sliding contacts 132.
  • the tube 107A is mechanically connected to an operating rod 123 made of insulating material.
  • a part 140 made of insulating material, comprising a cylindrical part 140A forming a cylinder and an annular part 140B forming a piston, is disposed inside the tube 103 coaxially with the latter.
  • the seal between the piston 140B and the tube 103 is obtained by a dynamic seal 141.
  • the part 140 can move inside the tube 103 under the action of a spring 142 in abutment on a part 143 integral with the tube 103.
  • the piston 140B has openings 144 closed by a one-way valve 145.
  • a metal sponge 150 Inside the part 140 is arranged a metal sponge 150, of the type described above; the sponge has a part 150A, located opposite the arcing contact 104, in electrical contact with the tube 103.
  • a sheath of insulating material 147 partially insulates the sponge 150 from the tube 103, so as to supply current a path of maximum length when it crosses the sponge.
  • the sponge does not occupy all the space inside the part 103 when the circuit breaker is in the on position (FIG. 6). On the contrary, it provides a volume V4 in communication with the blowing nozzle via channels 151 made in the sponge.
  • FIG. 7 The mobile assembly is moved to the right of the figure. At the separation of the arcing contacts 104 and 107, an arc erupts between them; the latter is easily cut by the gas of volume V4, compressed by the displacement of the piston 140B entrained by the expansion of the spring 142.
  • the invention applies to high voltage circuit breakers (greater than 45 kV) and medium voltage circuit breakers (between 2 and 45 kV).

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  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to dielectric gas-blast circuit breakers. <??>The subject of the invention is a dielectric gas circuit-breaker including stationary and moving main contacts, characterised in that it includes a conductive element (25, 30, 35, 150) of high electrical resistance, made to be traversed, following separation of the main contacts, by the current to be cut off. <??>Application to high-and medium-voltage circuit-breakers. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention est relative à un disjoncteur à haute tension dans lequel un gaz à bonnes propriétés diélectriques, tel que l'hexafluorure de soufre (SF6), assure l'isolation et, lors d'une manoeuvre de déclenchement, le soufflage de l'arc. Pour assurer le soufflage, le gaz est comprimé par un piston dont le mouvement relatif par rapport à un cylindre de soufflage est assuré par le mécanisme de commande du disjoncteur.The present invention relates to a high voltage circuit breaker in which a gas with good dielectric properties, such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), provides insulation and, during a tripping operation, the blowing of the bow. To ensure blowing, the gas is compressed by a piston whose relative movement relative to a blowing cylinder is provided by the circuit breaker control mechanism.

Dans ce type de disjoncteur, il est fréquent de prévoir des moyens pour créer un arc secondaire qui a pour effet de chauffer le gaz d'une chambre ou volume déterminé. Cette élévation de température produit, dans le volume considéré, une augmentation de pression qui est mise à profit, soit pour produire un soufflage auxiliaire ou un second soufflage de l'arc, soit pour aider à la manoeuvre d'ouverture du disjoncteur, ce qui permet de diminuer la puissance de la commande du disjoncteur, soit pour obtenir simultanément ces deux résultats.In this type of circuit breaker, it is frequent to provide means for creating a secondary arc which has the effect of heating the gas of a given chamber or volume. This rise in temperature produces, in the volume considered, an increase in pressure which is taken advantage of, either to produce an auxiliary blowing or a second blowing of the arc, or to assist in the opening operation of the circuit breaker, which allows the power of the circuit breaker control to be reduced, ie to obtain these two results simultaneously.

Cette technique, si elle présente des avantages en permettant de réaliser les objectifs précités, n'en présente pas moins des inconvénients. Il est en effet toujours gênant de créer des arcs qui entraînent obligatoirement l'usure de certaines pièces qu'il faut remplacer périodiquement et qui, par ailleurs, engendrent des produits de décomposition du gaz d'isolement qui nuisent à ses qualités diélectriques.This technique, if it has advantages while making it possible to achieve the abovementioned objectives, has none the less disadvantages. It is indeed always troublesome to create arcs which obligatorily cause the wear of certain parts which must be replaced periodically and which, moreover, generate products of decomposition of the insulation gas which harm its dielectric qualities.

Le document FR-A-1 514 265 porte sur un disjoncteur conforme au préambule de la revendication 1.Document FR-A-1 514 265 relates to a circuit breaker in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.

Un but de la présente invention est de réaliser un disjoncteur dans lequel un volume donné est soumis, au cours d'une manoeuvre de déclenchement, à un échauffement dont les effets sont utilisés pour améliorer les performances de l'appareil, sans avoir recours à la création d'un arc secondaire.An object of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker in which a given volume is subjected, during a tripping maneuver, to heating, the effects of which are used to improve the performance of the device, without resorting to the creation of a secondary arch.

L'invention a pour objet un disjoncteur tel que défini à la revendication 1.The subject of the invention is a circuit breaker as defined in claim 1.

L'invention est maintenant précisée par la description de divers modes de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence au dessin ci-annexé dans lequel :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en demi-coupe axiale d'un disjoncteur selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, représenté en position enclenchée,
  • la figure 2 est une vue du même disjoncteur au cours d'une manoeuvre de déclenchement,
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique d'un disjoncteur selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention, représenté en position enclenchée,
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique en demi-coupe axiale d'un disjoncteur selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, représenté en position enclenchée,
  • la figure 5 est une vue du même disjoncteur, au cours d'une manoeuvre de déclenchement,
  • la figure 6 est une vue schématique en demi-coupe axiale d'un disjoncteur selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention, représenté en position enclenchée,
  • la figure 7 est une vue du même disjoncteur, au cours d'une manoeuvre de déclenchement pour la coupure d'un courant de faible intensité,
  • la figure 8 est une vue du même disjoncteur, au cours d'une manoeuvre de déclenchement pour la coupure d'un courant d'intensité élevée.
The invention is now clarified by the description of various embodiments of the invention, given by way of indication and in no way limitative, with reference to the attached drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view in axial half-section of a circuit breaker according to a first embodiment of the invention, shown in the engaged position,
  • FIG. 2 is a view of the same circuit breaker during a tripping operation,
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a circuit breaker according to a second embodiment of the invention, shown in the engaged position,
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view in axial half-section of a circuit breaker according to a third embodiment of the invention, shown in the engaged position,
  • FIG. 5 is a view of the same circuit breaker, during a tripping operation,
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view in axial half-section of a circuit breaker according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, shown in the engaged position,
  • FIG. 7 is a view of the same circuit breaker, during a tripping operation for breaking a low current,
  • Figure 8 is a view of the same circuit breaker, during a tripping operation for breaking a high current.

Dans la figure 1, la référence 1 désigne une enveloppe isolante cylindrique d'axe xx délimitant un volume 2 rempli d'un gaz à bonnes propriétés diélectriques, tel que l'hexafluorure de soufre (SF6). A l'intérieur de cette enveloppe se trouve la chambre de coupure du disjoncteur qui comprend des éléments fixes et un équipage mobile. Parmi les éléments fixes, on distingue des doigts 3 disposés en tulipe et constituant le contact permanent fixe et une tige 4 d'axe xx, terminée par une extrémité 4A en matériau résistant aux effets de l'arc et constituant le contact d'arc fixe. Le contact permanent fixe est relié à une première prise de courant non représentée. La référence 5 désigne un capot pare-effluves entourant le contact permanent fixe.In FIG. 1, the reference 1 designates a cylindrical insulating envelope of axis xx delimiting a volume 2 filled with a gas with good dielectric properties, such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Inside this envelope is the circuit breaker interrupting chamber which includes fixed elements and a moving element. Among the fixed elements, there are fingers 3 arranged in a tulip and constituting the fixed permanent contact and a rod 4 of axis xx, terminated by an end 4A of material resistant to the effects of the arc and constituting the fixed arc contact. . The fixed permanent contact is connected to a first socket not shown. Reference 5 designates a corona hood surrounding the fixed permanent contact.

L'équipage mobile comprend une première pièce métallique 6 de forme sensiblement tubulaire et constituant le contact permanent mobile, et une seconde pièce tubulaire métallique 7, terminée par une pièce d'usure 7A et constituant le contact d'arc mobile. Les pièces 6 et 7 sont coaxiales d'axe xx. La pièce 6 porte une buse 8 en matériau isolant tel que le polytétrafluoroéthylène. Les pièces 6 et 7 sont réunies par une pièce annulaire isolante 9 percée de trous 10. Les pièces 6 et 7 délimitent un volume annulaire de soufflage V1 fermé à son extrémité opposée à l'anneau 9 par un piston métallique fixe 11. Ce piston comprend des contacts électriques glissants 12 coopérant avec le tube 7, un joint d'étanchéité dynamique 13 au contact du tube 6 et des orifices 14 pouvant être obturés par un clapet annulaire 15. Le piston est maintenu en place par un tube 16 en matière isolante lui-même fixé à une pièce métallique 17 fixe reliée à une seconde prise de courant non représentée. Les tubes 7 et 16, et le piston 11 définissent un volume V2 fermé par une pièce annulaire 20 en matériau isolant solidaire des deux tubes précités ; la pièce 20 est munie d'un orifice fermé par un clapet 21 n'autorisant le passage du gaz que de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur du volume V2. Le tube 7 est relié à une tringle de manoeuvre 23 en matériau isolant.The movable assembly comprises a first metallic part 6 of substantially tubular shape and constituting the movable permanent contact, and a second metallic tubular part 7, terminated by a wear part 7A and constituting the movable arcing contact. Parts 6 and 7 are coaxial with axis xx. The part 6 carries a nozzle 8 made of insulating material such as polytetrafluoroethylene. The parts 6 and 7 are joined by an annular insulating part 9 pierced with holes 10. The parts 6 and 7 delimit an annular blowing volume V1 closed at its end opposite to the ring 9 by a fixed metal piston 11. This piston comprises sliding electrical contacts 12 cooperating with the tube 7, a dynamic seal 13 in contact with the tube 6 and orifices 14 which can be closed by a valve annular 15. The piston is held in place by a tube 16 of insulating material itself fixed to a fixed metal piece 17 connected to a second outlet not shown. The tubes 7 and 16, and the piston 11 define a volume V2 closed by an annular piece 20 of insulating material secured to the two aforementioned tubes; the part 20 is provided with an orifice closed by a valve 21 allowing the passage of gas only from the outside to the inside of the volume V2. The tube 7 is connected to an operating rod 23 made of insulating material.

La pièce 17 et le tube 6 sont reliés électriquement par des doigts 23 fixés par une extrémité à la pièce 17 et frottant par leur autre extrémité sur le tube 6. La pièce 17 et le piston 11 sont reliés électriquement par un élément métallique 25 de résistance électrique élevée; dans l'exemple de la figure 1, l'élément est un tube en acier au nickel-chrome, soudé à un redan 26 muni de perçages 27 de la pièce 17; en variante, l'élément est constitué par une pluralité de fils ou tiges résistants; le matériau de l'élément peut, plus généralement, être constitué par tout matériau permettant de donner à l'élément une résistance suffisante pour lui permettre de s'échauffer à une température de près d'un millier de degrés et de résister à cet échauffement. On peut citer notamment le tungstène et ses alliages ou des oxydes métalliques ou métalloïdiques.The part 17 and the tube 6 are electrically connected by fingers 23 fixed by one end to the part 17 and rubbing by their other end on the tube 6. The part 17 and the piston 11 are electrically connected by a metallic element 25 of resistance high electric; in the example of Figure 1, the element is a nickel-chrome steel tube, welded to a step 26 provided with holes 27 of the part 17; alternatively, the element is constituted by a plurality of resistant wires or rods; the material of the element can, more generally, consist of any material making it possible to give the element sufficient resistance to allow it to heat up to a temperature of nearly a thousand degrees and to resist this heating . Mention may in particular be made of tungsten and its alloys or metal or metalloid oxides.

Le fonctionnement du disjoncteur est le suivant:

  • en régime normal, le courant traverse les doigts 3, le tube 6, les doigts 23 et la pièce 17.
  • à l'ouverture du disjoncteur, la tringle de manoeuvre est actionnée et se déplace vers la droite de la figure 1. A la séparation des contacts principaux, le courant passe par la tige 4, le tube 7, les contacts 12, le piston 11, l'élément résistif 25 et la pièce 17. Lorsque les contacts d'arc 4 et 7 se séparent, un arc A jaillit entre eux (figure 2). Si l'ouverture du disjoncteur a lieu sur défaut, l'intensité du courant traversant le disjoncteur est très élevée; il en résulte un fort échauffement de la pièce 25 qui communique au gaz qui l'environne une forte augmentation de température et, par suite, une forte augmentation de la pression dans le volume V2. Cette pression s'exerce sur la pièce 20, dont le clapet 21 est fermé, et vient aider à la manoeuvre d' ouverture du disjoncteur.
The circuit breaker works as follows:
  • under normal conditions, the current flows through the fingers 3, the tube 6, the fingers 23 and the part 17.
  • when the circuit breaker opens, the operating rod is actuated and moves to the right in FIG. 1. When the main contacts are separated, the current flows through the rod 4, the tube 7, the contacts 12, the piston 11 , the resistive element 25 and the part 17. When the arcing contacts 4 and 7 separate, an arc A springs between them (FIG. 2). If the circuit breaker opens on fault, the current intensity crossing the circuit breaker is very high; this results in a strong heating of the part 25 which communicates to the gas which surrounds it a strong increase in temperature and, consequently, a strong increase in the pressure in the volume V2. This pressure is exerted on the part 20, the valve 21 of which is closed, and comes to assist in the opening operation of the circuit breaker.

Un disjoncteur réalisé selon l'invention présente plusieurs avantages par rapport aux disjoncteurs à arc secondaire:

  • la masse de l'équipage mobile est plus légère que celle des disjoncteurs à arc secondaire, ce qui permet de réduire l'énergie nécessaire à la manoeuvre et de diminuer ainsi le prix de revient des mécanismes de commande,
  • l'échauffement d'un elément résistif ne pollue pas le gaz d'isolement du disjoncteur, comme le fait un arc. Le disjoncteur conserve ainsi plus longtemps ses qualités diélectriques, ce qui permet, entre autres choses, de réduire la fréquence du remplacement des tamis moléculaires.
  • aucune pièce du disjoncteur n'est laissée à un potentiel flottant, comme c'est le cas dans les disjoncteurs à arc secondaire, ce qui oblige à prévoir des contacts supplémentaires qui grèvent le prix de l'appareil.
A circuit breaker produced according to the invention has several advantages over secondary arc circuit breakers:
  • the mass of the moving part is lighter than that of the secondary arc circuit breakers, which makes it possible to reduce the energy required for the operation and thus to reduce the cost price of the control mechanisms,
  • the heating of a resistive element does not pollute the insulation gas of the circuit breaker, as an arc does. The circuit breaker thus retains its dielectric qualities longer, which makes it possible, among other things, to reduce the frequency of replacement of molecular sieves.
  • no part of the circuit breaker is left at floating potential, as is the case in secondary arc circuit breakers, which means that additional contacts must be provided which add to the price of the device.

Dans la variante de réalisation représentée dans la figure 3, les éléments communs à cette figure et à la figure 1 ont reçu les mêmes numéros de référence. L'élément résistif est cette fois une éponge métallique 30, réalisée au moyen de fils en métal de forte résistivité, à la manière d'une paille de fer ou au moyen d'un matériau poreux (métal ou oxyde fritté) ayant un important coefficient de vide. Un elément ainsi réalisé présente une importante surface d'échange avec le gaz environnant, ce qui facilite l'échauffement du gaz.In the variant embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the elements common to this figure and to FIG. 1 have been given the same reference numbers. The resistive element is this time a metallic sponge 30, produced by means of metal wires of high resistivity, in the manner of a steel wool or by means of a porous material (metal or sintered oxide) having a high coefficient. empty. An element thus produced has a large exchange surface with the surrounding gas, which facilitates the heating of the gas.

Dans la variante de réalisation représentée dans les figures 4 et 5, les éléments communs à ces figures et à la figure 1 ont reçu les mêmes numéros de référence. On retrouve les contacts fixes 3 et 4 et le capot 5, les contacts d,arc 6 et 7 réunis par la pièce 10, la tringle de manoeuvre 23, la buse de soufflage à l'extrémité du volume de soufflage V1. Le contact permanent mobile 6 glisse à l'intérieur d'un tube fixe 31 muni d'un joint dynamique 32 et de doigts de contact électrique 33. Le tube 31, qui est relié à la seconde prise du disjoncteur, présente une portion 31A de diamètre élargi permettant de contenir une éponge 35 à forte résistance électrique. Comme précédemment, l'éponge est réalisée, soit sous la forme d'une paille métallique, soit sous la forme d'un volume poreux. Cette éponge est munie de contacts électriques glissants 36 coopérant avec le contact d'arc 7 et de contacts électriques fixes 37 assurant la liaison galvanique entre l'éponge 35 et le tube 31. Un fourreau isolant 38, disposé entre le tube 31 et l'éponge 35, oblige le courant venant des contacts 36 à traverser tout le volume de l'éponge avant d'atteindre les contacts 37. Le fonctionnement du disjoncteur est le suivant:

  • en régime permanent, le courant traverse les doigts 3, le tube 6, les doigts 33 et le tube 31A.
  • à la séparation des contacts principaux, le courant passe dans les contacts d'arc 4 et 7, les contacts 36, l'éponge résistige 35, les contacts 37et le tube 31A.
  • à la séparation des contacts d'arc, un arc A jaillit entre eux et le courant passe alors par le contact 4, l'arc A, le tube 7, les contacts 36, l'éponge 35, les contacts 37 et le tube 31A.
In the alternative embodiment shown in Figures 4 and 5, the elements common to these figures and to Figure 1 have been given the same reference numbers. We finds the fixed contacts 3 and 4 and the cover 5, the arc contacts 6 and 7 joined by the part 10, the operating rod 23, the blowing nozzle at the end of the blowing volume V1. The movable permanent contact 6 slides inside a fixed tube 31 provided with a dynamic seal 32 and electrical contact fingers 33. The tube 31, which is connected to the second socket of the circuit breaker, has a portion 31A of enlarged diameter to contain a sponge 35 with high electrical resistance. As before, the sponge is produced, either in the form of a metallic straw, or in the form of a porous volume. This sponge is provided with sliding electrical contacts 36 cooperating with the arcing contact 7 and fixed electrical contacts 37 ensuring the galvanic connection between the sponge 35 and the tube 31. An insulating sheath 38, disposed between the tube 31 and the sponge 35, forces the current coming from the contacts 36 to pass through the entire volume of the sponge before reaching the contacts 37. The operation of the circuit breaker is as follows:
  • in steady state, the current flows through the fingers 3, the tube 6, the fingers 33 and the tube 31A.
  • when the main contacts are separated, the current flows through the arcing contacts 4 and 7, the contacts 36, the resistive sponge 35, the contacts 37 and the tube 31A.
  • when the arcing contacts are separated, an arc A springs between them and the current then passes through contact 4, arcing A, tube 7, contacts 36, sponge 35, contacts 37 and tube 31A .

Lors de la coupure des courants de faible intensité (courant nominal par exemple), l'échauffement de l'éponge est négligeable et la coupure est assurée par un soufflage dû à la seule compression mécanique du volume réduit V1, l'éponge métallique faisant simplement office de piston.When cutting low intensity currents (nominal current for example), the heating of the sponge is negligible and the breaking is ensured by a blowing due to the only mechanical compression of the reduced volume V1, the metal sponge simply piston office.

Lors de la coupure des courants de forte intensité (courants de court-circuit par exemple), l'éponge s'échauffe fortement et échauffe le gaz qu'elle renferme; ce gaz monte en pression et s'échappe de l'éponge. A l'action mécanique de soufflage vient donc s'ajouter le volume de gaz expulsé de l'éponge par l'action thermique.When cutting high intensity currents (short-circuit currents for example), the sponge heats up strongly and heats the gas it contains; this gas rises in pressure and escapes from the sponge. AT the mechanical blowing action therefore adds to the volume of gas expelled from the sponge by the thermal action.

Le disjoncteur réalisé selon les schémas des figures 4 et 5 présente une partie mobile très allégée, car on peut, par rapport aux réalisations des figures précédentes, réduire le volume de soufflage donc le diamètre du cylindre 6 et, par suite, sa masse.The circuit breaker produced according to the diagrams of FIGS. 4 and 5 has a very light moving part, since it is possible, compared with the embodiments of the preceding figures, to reduce the blowing volume therefore the diameter of the cylinder 6 and, consequently, its mass.

Les figures 6 à 8 illustrent un mode de réalisation dans lequel la buse de soufflage est liée à la partie fixe du disjoncteur au lieu d'être solidaire de la partie mobile comme dans les réalisations des figures 1 à 5. On distingue, dans la figure 6, une enveloppe cylindrique 101 d'axe xx, en céramique, remplie de gaz d'isolement et à l'intérieur de laquelle sont placés les organes de coupure. On distingue, parmi les éléments fixes, une pièce sensiblement tubulaire 103 d'axe xx servant de contact permanent fixe et reliée à une première prise de courant non représentée, un tube 104 coaxial au tube 103, relié mécaniquement et électriquement au tube 103 et constituant un contact d'arc fixe. Au tube 103 est fixée une buse de soufflage 108 en matériau isolant. L'équipage mobile comprend des doigts de contact 106, constituant un contact mobile, fixés à une couronne 110 venue d'usinage avec un tube 107 constituant un contact d'arc mobile. Le tube 107 est prolongé par un tube métallique 107A électriquement relié à une seconde prise de courant 131 par des contacts glissants 132. Le tube 107A est mécaniquement relié à une tringle de manoeuvre 123 en matériau isolant.
   Une pièce 140, en matériau isolant, comprenant une partie cylindrique 140A formant cylindre et une partie annulaire 140B formant piston, est disposée à l'intérieur du tube 103 coaxialement à celui-ci. L'étanchéité entre le piston 140B et le tube 103 est obtenue par un joint dynamique 141. La pièce 140 peut se déplacer à l'intérieur du tube 103 sous l'action d'un ressort 142 en butée sur une pièce 143 solidaire du tube 103. Le piston 140B comporte des ouvertures 144 fermées par un clapet unidirectionnel 145.
Figures 6 to 8 illustrate an embodiment in which the blowing nozzle is linked to the fixed part of the circuit breaker instead of being secured to the movable part as in the embodiments of Figures 1 to 5. We distinguish in the figure 6, a cylindrical casing 101 of axis xx, made of ceramic, filled with insulating gas and inside which the cut-off members are placed. Among the fixed elements, there is a substantially tubular part 103 of axis xx serving as a permanent fixed contact and connected to a first outlet not shown, a tube 104 coaxial with the tube 103, mechanically and electrically connected to the tube 103 and constituting a fixed arcing contact. To the tube 103 is fixed a blowing nozzle 108 made of insulating material. The movable assembly comprises contact fingers 106, constituting a movable contact, fixed to a crown 110 coming from machining with a tube 107 constituting a movable arcing contact. The tube 107 is extended by a metal tube 107A electrically connected to a second socket 131 by sliding contacts 132. The tube 107A is mechanically connected to an operating rod 123 made of insulating material.
A part 140, made of insulating material, comprising a cylindrical part 140A forming a cylinder and an annular part 140B forming a piston, is disposed inside the tube 103 coaxially with the latter. The seal between the piston 140B and the tube 103 is obtained by a dynamic seal 141. The part 140 can move inside the tube 103 under the action of a spring 142 in abutment on a part 143 integral with the tube 103. The piston 140B has openings 144 closed by a one-way valve 145.

A l'intérieur de la pièce 140 est disposée une éponge métallique 150, du type décrit précédemment; l'éponge présente une partie 150A, située à l'opposé du contact d'arc 104, en contact électrique avec le tube 103. Une gaine en matériau isolant 147 isole partiellement l'éponge 150 du tube 103, de manière à fournir au courant un trajet de longueur maximale lorsqu'il traverse l'éponge. L'éponge n'occupe pas toute la place à l'intérieur de la pièce 103 lorsque le disjoncteur est en position enclenchée (figure 6). Au contraire, elle ménage un volume V4 en communication avec la buse de soufflage par des canaux 151 pratiqués dans l'éponge.Inside the part 140 is arranged a metal sponge 150, of the type described above; the sponge has a part 150A, located opposite the arcing contact 104, in electrical contact with the tube 103. A sheath of insulating material 147 partially insulates the sponge 150 from the tube 103, so as to supply current a path of maximum length when it crosses the sponge. The sponge does not occupy all the space inside the part 103 when the circuit breaker is in the on position (FIG. 6). On the contrary, it provides a volume V4 in communication with the blowing nozzle via channels 151 made in the sponge.

Le fonctionnement du disjoncteur est le suivant:

  • lorsque le disjoncteur est en position enclenchée (figure 6), le ressort 142 est bandé et le volume V4 est maximum; le courant traverse le tube 103, les doigts 106, le couronne 110, le tube 107A, les contacts 132 et la prise 131.
The circuit breaker works as follows:
  • when the circuit breaker is in the engaged position (FIG. 6), the spring 142 is bandaged and the volume V4 is maximum; the current flows through the tube 103, the fingers 106, the crown 110, the tube 107A, the contacts 132 and the socket 131.

Coupure des faibles courantsCutting of weak currents

Il s'agit des courants d'intensité voisine de l'intensité nominale.These are currents of intensity close to the nominal intensity.

On se référera à la figure 7. L'équipage mobile est déplacé vers la droite de la figure. A la séparation des contacts d'arc 104 et 107, un arc jaillit entre eux; ce dernier est aisément coupé par le gaz du volume V4, comprimé par le déplacement du piston 140B entrâiné par la détente du ressort 142.Reference will be made to FIG. 7. The mobile assembly is moved to the right of the figure. At the separation of the arcing contacts 104 and 107, an arc erupts between them; the latter is easily cut by the gas of volume V4, compressed by the displacement of the piston 140B entrained by the expansion of the spring 142.

Coupure des forts courantsCutting out strong currents

Il s'agit des courants de court-circuit.These are short-circuit currents.

On se référera à la figure 8. A la séparation des contacts d'arc, le courant traverse le tube 103,l'éponge résistive 150, le contact d'arc 104, l'arc lui-même, le tube 107, le tube 107A, le contact 132 et la prise 131. En traversant l'éponge, le courant, de très forte intensité échauffe celle-ci et expulse le gaz qu'elle contient; l'augmentation de pression a deux effets: d'une part, il empêche le déplacement du piston 140B malgré l'action du ressort; d'autre part, il produit un soufflage énergique de l'arc à travers la buse 108. Ce soufflage dû à une action purement thermique, est complété par l'action mécanique ultérieure produite par la détente du ressort.Reference will be made to FIG. 8. When the arcing contacts are separated, the current flows through the tube 103, the resistive sponge 150, the arcing contact 104, the arc itself, the tube 107, the tube 107A, the contact 132 and the socket 131. By crossing the sponge, the current, of very high intensity heats it and expels the gas which it contains; the increase in pressure has two effects: on the one hand, it prevents displacement of the piston 140B despite the action of the spring; on the other hand, it produces a vigorous blowing of the arc through the nozzle 108. This blowing due to a purely thermal action, is completed by the subsequent mechanical action produced by the relaxation of the spring.

L'invention s'applique aux disjoncteurs à haute tension (supérieure à 45kV) et à moyenne tension (comprise entre 2 et 45 kV).The invention applies to high voltage circuit breakers (greater than 45 kV) and medium voltage circuit breakers (between 2 and 45 kV).

L'invention n'est nullement limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés ci-dessus car son application est tout à fait générale.The invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described and shown above because its application is quite general.

Claims (10)

  1. A high or medium tension circuit-breaker having a dielectric gas, the circuit-breaker including stationary and moving main contacts and stationary and moving arcing contacts (4A, 7A) and being characterized by a conductor element having high electrical resistance (25, 30, 35, 150) disposed in a volume (V2) in series with the said arcing contacts (4A, 7A) in order to heat the gas in said volume (V2) thereby reinforcing the opening operation and/or arc-blasting.
  2. A circuit-breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the said element is made in the form of a tube.
  3. A circuit-breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the said element is made in the form of a plurality of rods.
  4. A circuit-breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the said element is made in the form of a plurality of wires.
  5. A circuit-breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that the wires are arranged in the form of wire wool.
  6. A circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the said wires are made of a material selected from: nickel chromium steels; tungsten and alloys thereof; metallic oxides; and non-metallic oxides.
  7. A circuit-breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the said element is made in the form of a porous volume.
  8. A circuit-breaker according to claim 7, characterized in that the material of said element is a sintered oxide.
  9. A circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the said element (25, 30) is placed in a volume (V2) in which the increase in pressure due to current passing through the element is used to provide additional energy to the circuit-breaker opening operation.
  10. A circuit-breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the said element (35, 150) is placed in a volume (V1, V4) in which the increase in temperature causes the pressure of the gas contained in said element to rise, thereby expelling said gas which participates in the interrupting operation.
EP90109017A 1989-05-17 1990-05-14 High tension gas blast circuit breaker Expired - Lifetime EP0398211B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90109017T ATE103414T1 (en) 1989-05-17 1990-05-14 HIGH VOLTAGE LOAD BREAKER WITH DIELECTRIC EXTINGUISHING GAS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8906417 1989-05-17
FR8906417A FR2647255B1 (en) 1989-05-17 1989-05-17 HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH BLOWING DIELECTRIC GAS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0398211A1 EP0398211A1 (en) 1990-11-22
EP0398211B1 true EP0398211B1 (en) 1994-03-23

Family

ID=9381710

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90109017A Expired - Lifetime EP0398211B1 (en) 1989-05-17 1990-05-14 High tension gas blast circuit breaker

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5105058A (en)
EP (1) EP0398211B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE103414T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69007532T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2647255B1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2696041B1 (en) * 1992-09-18 1994-10-14 Alsthom Gec Circuit breaker with elements fixed by hooping.
FR2720188B1 (en) * 1994-05-19 1996-06-14 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Reduced auto-compression circuit breaker.
EP2221844B1 (en) * 2009-02-24 2013-10-09 ABB Technology AG Switching device
EP2325859B1 (en) * 2009-11-24 2013-04-17 ABB Technology AG Gas-isolated high voltage switch
KR101721105B1 (en) * 2011-06-24 2017-03-30 엘에스산전 주식회사 A method for controlling gap of circuit braker
CN104885174B (en) * 2012-11-13 2018-04-24 Abb 技术有限公司 Contact system
KR101763451B1 (en) * 2014-04-09 2017-08-01 현대일렉트릭앤에너지시스템(주) Circuit breaker of gas insulation switchgear
US10026571B1 (en) * 2017-03-31 2018-07-17 General Electric Technology Gmbh Switching chamber for a gas-insulated circuit breaker comprising an optimized thermal channel
CN107339806A (en) * 2017-07-18 2017-11-10 沈阳世杰电器有限公司 High voltage gas-insulated resistance-heated furnace

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CH242103A (en) * 1944-11-20 1946-04-15 Oerlikon Maschf Compressed gas switch with cut-off resistor.
US3333077A (en) * 1964-11-19 1967-07-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Compressed-gas circuit breaker having contacting interrupting and isolating contactswith sequential operation
FR1514265A (en) * 1967-01-09 1968-02-23 Merlin Gerin Resistance self-blowing switch
US4069406A (en) * 1975-12-02 1978-01-17 Allis-Chalmers Corporation Closing resistor switch for gas insulated circuit breaker
FR2503448B1 (en) * 1981-03-31 1986-04-18 Alsthom Atlantique COMPRESSED GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER
FR2558299B1 (en) * 1984-01-13 1987-03-20 Alsthom Atlantique HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH ARC BLOWING
FR2563372B1 (en) * 1984-04-24 1988-02-26 Alsthom Atlantique HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH ARC BLOWING
FR2576144B1 (en) * 1985-01-16 1987-02-06 Alsthom Atlantique HIGH VOLTAGE, COMPRESSED GAS, LOW-ENERGY CIRCUIT BREAKER
FR2576143B1 (en) * 1985-01-16 1987-12-24 Alsthom Atlantique HIGH-VOLTAGE, COMPRESSED GAS, CIRCUIT BREAKER ASSISTED BY THE ARC THERMAL EFFECT AND WITH DOUBLE MOTION
FR2576142B1 (en) * 1985-01-16 1987-12-24 Alsthom Atlantique HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER, COMPRESSED GAS, HANDLING ENERGY ASSISTED BY THE ARC THERMAL EFFECT
FR2596575B1 (en) * 1986-03-26 1988-05-20 Alsthom DIELECTRIC GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER UNDER PRESSURE
FR2596574B1 (en) * 1986-04-01 1988-05-20 Alsthom HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH DIELECTRIC GAS UNDER PRESSURE
FR2619246B1 (en) * 1987-08-03 1989-11-17 Alsthom HIGH OR MEDIUM VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER UNDER PRESSURE WITH CURING ENERGY TAKEN FROM THE ARC
FR2629260B1 (en) * 1988-03-23 1994-07-08 Alsthom HIGH-VOLTAGE LOW-ENERGY CIRCUIT BREAKER
FR2639147B1 (en) * 1988-09-16 1990-12-14 Alsthom Gec HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH DIELECTRIC GAS USED FOR BLOWING

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69007532T2 (en) 1994-06-30
FR2647255A1 (en) 1990-11-23
EP0398211A1 (en) 1990-11-22
US5105058A (en) 1992-04-14
FR2647255B1 (en) 1993-04-23
ATE103414T1 (en) 1994-04-15
DE69007532D1 (en) 1994-04-28

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