EP0396556B1 - Heatable pane of glass - Google Patents

Heatable pane of glass Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0396556B1
EP0396556B1 EP19880909297 EP88909297A EP0396556B1 EP 0396556 B1 EP0396556 B1 EP 0396556B1 EP 19880909297 EP19880909297 EP 19880909297 EP 88909297 A EP88909297 A EP 88909297A EP 0396556 B1 EP0396556 B1 EP 0396556B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
pane
heatable
connections
phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19880909297
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0396556A1 (en
Inventor
Friedhelm Meyer
Gerd HÖHNE
Rainer Leunig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0396556A1 publication Critical patent/EP0396556A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0396556B1 publication Critical patent/EP0396556B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/035—Electrical circuits used in resistive heating apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heated window for motor vehicles according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • Heated disks which use heating wires as heating elements or have a homogeneous, conductive layer.
  • the electrically conductive material is connected to externally accessible power connections to which the motor vehicle battery can be connected. Due to the electrical resistance, losses occur in the conductive material that cause heating. In this way, icing or fogging of the panes can be prevented. If the windshield of a motor vehicle is heated in this way, an improvement in visibility can be achieved, especially in cool weather.
  • a disk heater which uses all three phases of a three-phase generator is known from US Pat. No. 4,673,797. With this disc heater, three separate heating elements are integrated in the disc.
  • Each of the heating elements is connected to one phase of the three-phase generator, the other connections of the heating elements are connected to one another.
  • the heatable windshield contains two electrically conductive heating surfaces which are electrically separated from one another and are connected on one side to a common power supply line and on the opposite side in each case to a further power line.
  • Each of the three power lines is connected to a phase winding of the generator. Since one side of the two heating surfaces is connected to the same phase winding, the entire power of the three-phase generator cannot be used to heat the windshield. Rather, only two phase voltages are used, the third phase voltage is used for rear window heating.
  • the combination of features of the main claim has the advantage that all three phase voltages are used to heat the one disc, thereby achieving the maximum possible heating power.
  • suitable spatial division of the different connection zones and thus the heating zones, which are each assigned to one of the three-phase connections a uniform or asymmetrical heating effect can be achieved in the desired manner.
  • connection zones are arranged so that two connection zones extend at adjacent corners, while the third connection zone runs on the side of the pane opposite the corners.
  • the three-phase generator In order to avoid overloading the three-phase generator or overheating of the heating wires, it can be advantageous to regulate the three-phase generator as a function of the generated output voltage and / or the temperature occurring on the heated disk.
  • the heatable disk 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a homogeneous, electrically conductive layer 2 as the heating element, which is distributed over the entire surface of the disk 1 and extends to connection zones 3, 4, 5.
  • the connection zones 3 to 5 are connected to power connections 6 to 8, at which the phases u, v, w of the voltage of a three-phase generator are applied.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a circuit arrangement in which a three-phase generator 20 is assigned to a voltage and temperature monitoring circuit 19.
  • the disk 1 shown in FIG. 1 is connected to the three-phase generator 20.
  • the voltage and temperature monitoring circuit 19 taps the voltage generated by the alternator 20 at the phases u, v, w and controls the excitation current flowing through the excitation winding 22 of the alternator 20 as a function of temperature and voltages.
  • a predetermined maximum temperature value and predetermined minimum output voltages of the three-phase generator 20 can cause the excitation current to be switched off or reduced in a manner known per se.
  • control of the excitation current shown here is only given as an example, since this control can also be done in a different way or can even be omitted.

Landscapes

  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

A heatable pane of glass for motor vehicles comprises heating elements consisting of a homogeneous conductive layer or heating wires. The heating elements are subdivided into three heating zones each of which leads to one of three connections. The ends of the heating zones opposite the connections are electrically interconnected in such a way that the connections can be supplied with three-phase current from a three-phase current generator.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft eine beheizbare Scheibe für Kraftfahrzeuge gemäß der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs.The invention relates to a heated window for motor vehicles according to the preamble of the main claim.

Es sind heizbare Scheiben bekannt, die als Heizelemente Heizdrähte verwenden oder eine homogene, leitfähige Schicht aufweisen. Das elektrisch leitfähige Material ist mit von außen zugänglichen Stromanschlüssen verbunden, an die die Kraftfahrzeugbatterie anschließbar ist. Aufgrund des elektrischen Widerstandes treten im leitfähigen Material Verluste auf, die eine Erwärmung bewirken. Auf diese Weise kann ein Vereisen oder Beschlagen der Scheiben verhindert werden. Wird die Frontscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs derart beheizt, so kann dadurch gerade bei kühler Witterung eine Verbesserung der Sichtverhältnisse erreicht werden.Heated disks are known which use heating wires as heating elements or have a homogeneous, conductive layer. The electrically conductive material is connected to externally accessible power connections to which the motor vehicle battery can be connected. Due to the electrical resistance, losses occur in the conductive material that cause heating. In this way, icing or fogging of the panes can be prevented. If the windshield of a motor vehicle is heated in this way, an improvement in visibility can be achieved, especially in cool weather.

Die meisten bekannten beheizbaren Scheiben sind jedoch nur in Verbindung mit einer Gleichstrom-Energieversorgung verwendbar, eine solche Gleichstrom-Energieversorgung ist beispielsweise aus der DE-OS 32 26 393 bekannt. Da in Kraftfahrzeugen jedoch überwiegend Drehstromgeneratoren Verwendung finden, bedeutet dies einen beträchtlichen Energieverlust.Most of the known heatable panes, however, can only be used in conjunction with a DC power supply. Such a DC power supply is known, for example, from DE-OS 32 26 393. However, since three-phase generators are predominantly used in motor vehicles, this means a considerable loss of energy.

Eine Scheibenheizung, die alle drei Phasen eines Drehstromgenerators ausnutzt, ist aus der US-PS 4 673 797 bekannt. Bei dieser Scheibenheizung sind drei getrennte Heizelemente in die Scheibe integriert.A disk heater which uses all three phases of a three-phase generator is known from US Pat. No. 4,673,797. With this disc heater, three separate heating elements are integrated in the disc.

Jedes der Heizelemente wird mit einem Anschluß an eine Phase des Drehstromgenerators angeschlossen, die anderen Anschlüsse der Heizelemente sind miteinander verbunden. Die Verwendung einer homogenen Schicht als Heizelement, an das mehrere Phasen des Drehstromgenerators angeschlossen sind, ist nicht vorgesehen.Each of the heating elements is connected to one phase of the three-phase generator, the other connections of the heating elements are connected to one another. The use of a homogeneous layer as a heating element, to which several phases of the three-phase generator are connected, is not provided.

Aus der genannten US-PS ist im übrigen auch bekannt, eine Heizscheibe mit einem 1-Phasen-Wechselstrom zu versorgen.It is also known from the aforementioned US PS to supply a heating disc with a 1-phase alternating current.

Eine weitere elektrische Heizeinrichtung für eine Scheibe im Kfz ist aus der DE-OS 22 31 095 bekannt. Dabei enthält die heizbare Windschutzscheibe zwei voneinander elektrisch getrennte elektrisch leitende Heizflächen, die auf einer Seite an eine gemeinsame Stromzuleitung und auf der jeweils gegenüberliegenden Seite an je eine weitere Stromleitung angeschlossen sind. Jede der drei Stromleitungen ist an eine Phasenwicklung des Generators angeschlossen. Da die einen Seiten der beiden Heizflächen an der selben Phasenwicklung angeschlossen sind, kann zur Heizung der Windschutzscheibe nicht die gesamte Leistung des Drehstromgenerators ausgenutzt werden. Vielmehr werden nur zwei Phasenspannungen benutzt, die dritte Phasenspannung wird zur Heckscheibenheizung verwendet.Another electrical heating device for a window in a motor vehicle is known from DE-OS 22 31 095. The heatable windshield contains two electrically conductive heating surfaces which are electrically separated from one another and are connected on one side to a common power supply line and on the opposite side in each case to a further power line. Each of the three power lines is connected to a phase winding of the generator. Since one side of the two heating surfaces is connected to the same phase winding, the entire power of the three-phase generator cannot be used to heat the windshield. Rather, only two phase voltages are used, the third phase voltage is used for rear window heating.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Ausgehend von einer beheizbaren Scheibe der eingangsgenannten Gattung wird durch die Merkmalskombination des Hauptanspruchs demgegenüber der Vorteil erzielt, daß alle drei Phasenspannungen zur Heizung der einen Scheibe verwendet werden, wodurch die maximal mögliche Heizleistung erzielt wird. Durch geeignete räumliche Aufteilung der verschiedenen Anschlußzonen und damit der Heizzonen, die jeweils einem der Drehstromanschlüsse zugeordnet sind, kann in gewünschter Weise eine gleichmäßige oder auch asymmetrische Heizwirkung erzielt werden.Starting from a heated disc of the type mentioned, the combination of features of the main claim has the advantage that all three phase voltages are used to heat the one disc, thereby achieving the maximum possible heating power. By suitable spatial division of the different connection zones and thus the heating zones, which are each assigned to one of the three-phase connections, a uniform or asymmetrical heating effect can be achieved in the desired manner.

Unter Verwendung einer homogenen Schicht als elektrisch leitfähiges Material werden die Anschlußzonen so angeordnet, daß zwei Anschlußzonen sich an benachbarten Ecken erstrecken, während die dritte Anschlußzone an der den Ecken gegenüberliegenden Seite der Scheibe verläuft.Using a homogeneous layer as the electrically conductive material, the connection zones are arranged so that two connection zones extend at adjacent corners, while the third connection zone runs on the side of the pane opposite the corners.

Auf diese Weise kann insbesondere durch eine geeignete Länge der jeweiligen Anschlußzonen eine gleichmäßige Erwärmung der Scheibe erfolgen.In this way, a uniform heating of the pane can take place, in particular, by means of a suitable length of the respective connection zones.

Es ist grundsätzlich auch möglich, nicht nur drei Anschlüsse für die beheizbare Scheibe vorzusehen, sondern es kann auch ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches davon an Anschlüssen vorgesehen sein. Damit stünden dann auch eine entsprechende Vielzahl von Heizsegmenten zur Verfügung, die in unterschiedlichster Weise über die gesamte Fläche der Scheibe verteilt angeordnet werden könnten.In principle, it is also possible not only to provide three connections for the heatable pane, but an integer multiple thereof can also be provided at connections. A corresponding number of heating segments would then also be available, which could be arranged in a wide variety of ways over the entire surface of the pane.

Um eine Überlastung des Drehstromgenerators oder eine Überhitzung der Heizdrähte zu vermeiden, kann es vorteilhaft sein, den Drehstromgenerator in Abhängigkeit von der erzeugten Ausgangsspannung und/oder der an der heizbaren Scheibe auftretenden Temperatur zu regeln.In order to avoid overloading the three-phase generator or overheating of the heating wires, it can be advantageous to regulate the three-phase generator as a function of the generated output voltage and / or the temperature occurring on the heated disk.

Zeichnungdrawing

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand in der Zeichnung dargestellter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine beheizbare Scheibe mit homogener Heizschicht,
  • Figur 2 eine Schaltungsanordnung mit einem an eine heizbare Scheibe gemäß Figur 1 angeschlossenen Drehstromgenerator.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a heatable pane with a homogeneous heating layer,
  • Figure 2 shows a circuit arrangement with a three-phase generator connected to a heatable disc according to Figure 1.

Die in Figur 1 dargestellte beheizbare Scheibe 1 besitzt als Heizelement eine homogene, elektrisch leitfähige Schicht 2, die über die gesamte Fläche der Scheibe 1 verteilt ist und bis zu Anschlußzonen 3, 4, 5 reicht. Die Anschlußzonen 3 bis 5 stehen mit Stromanschlüssen 6 bis 8 in Verbindung, an denen die Phasen u, v, w der Spannung eines Drehstromgenerators anliegen.The heatable disk 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a homogeneous, electrically conductive layer 2 as the heating element, which is distributed over the entire surface of the disk 1 and extends to connection zones 3, 4, 5. The connection zones 3 to 5 are connected to power connections 6 to 8, at which the phases u, v, w of the voltage of a three-phase generator are applied.

In Figur 2 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Schaltungsanordnung gezeigt, bei der einer Spannungs- und Temperaturüberwachungsschaltung 19 einem Drehstromgenerator 20 zugeordnet ist. An den Drehstromgenerator 20 ist die in Figur 1 dargestellte Scheibe 1 angeschlossen. Zusätzlich befindet sich an der Scheibe 1 ein Temperaturfühler 21, der über die Eingänge T1 und T2 mit der Spannungs- und Temperaturüberwachungsschaltung 19 in Verbindung steht. Außerdem greift die Spannungs- und Temperaturüberwachungsschaltung 19 an den Phasen u, v, w die vom Drehstromgenerator 20 erzeugte Spannung ab und steuert in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Spannungen den durch die Erregerwicklung 22 des Drehstromgenerators 20 fließenden Erregerstrom. Dabei kann ein vorgegebener maximaler Temperaturwert und vorgegebene minimale Ausgangsspannungen des Drehstromgenerators 20 ein Abschalten oder Absenken des Erregerstroms in an sich bekannter Weise bewirken.FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a circuit arrangement in which a three-phase generator 20 is assigned to a voltage and temperature monitoring circuit 19. The disk 1 shown in FIG. 1 is connected to the three-phase generator 20. In addition, there is a temperature sensor 21 on the pane 1, which is connected to the voltage and temperature monitoring circuit 19 via the inputs T1 and T2. In addition, the voltage and temperature monitoring circuit 19 taps the voltage generated by the alternator 20 at the phases u, v, w and controls the excitation current flowing through the excitation winding 22 of the alternator 20 as a function of temperature and voltages. A predetermined maximum temperature value and predetermined minimum output voltages of the three-phase generator 20 can cause the excitation current to be switched off or reduced in a manner known per se.

Es wird noch angemerkt, daß die hier dargestellte Regelung des Erregerstroms nur beispielhaft angeführt ist, da diese Regelung durchaus auch in anderer Weise erfolgen oder sogar entfallen kann.It is also noted that the control of the excitation current shown here is only given as an example, since this control can also be done in a different way or can even be omitted.

Claims (3)

  1. Heatable pane for motor vehicles, which contains electrically conductive material which extends as a homogeneous layer (2) between three connection zones (3, 4, 5) and is connected thereto, two of the connection zones (4, 5) being arranged in adjacent corners and the third connection zone (3) being arranged on the side of the conductive layer (2) opposite the corners, and said connection zones being connected to one supply terminal (6, 7, 8) in each case, to which in each case one of the three phases of a three-phase alternator (20) is connected in such a way that a star connection is produced.
  2. Heatable pane according to Claim 1, characterised in that the electrically conductive material is arranged in a laminated glass pane.
  3. Heatable pane according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the three-phase alternator (20) is controlled as a function of the output voltage generated and/or of the temperature occurring at the heated pane.
EP19880909297 1987-12-05 1988-11-03 Heatable pane of glass Expired - Lifetime EP0396556B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3741244 1987-12-05
DE19873741244 DE3741244A1 (en) 1987-12-05 1987-12-05 HEATED DISC

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0396556A1 EP0396556A1 (en) 1990-11-14
EP0396556B1 true EP0396556B1 (en) 1993-04-07

Family

ID=6341938

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880909297 Expired - Lifetime EP0396556B1 (en) 1987-12-05 1988-11-03 Heatable pane of glass

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0396556B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2871705B2 (en)
DE (2) DE3741244A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1989005561A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5182431A (en) * 1991-12-18 1993-01-26 Ppg Industries, Inc. Electrically heated window
DE4202597B4 (en) * 1992-01-30 2006-10-12 Dieter Ammer Device for cleaning, wiping and / or removing moisture on a window of a vehicle
DE4207638C2 (en) * 1992-03-11 1994-01-27 Ver Glaswerke Gmbh Heatable laminated glass pane with resistance wires arranged in the thermoplastic intermediate layer
US5940579A (en) * 1997-02-26 1999-08-17 White Consolidated Industries, Inc. Capacitive leakage current cancellation for heating panel
CN112969249A (en) * 2021-04-17 2021-06-15 常州长青科技股份有限公司 Three-phase electrothermal film

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1531506A (en) * 1967-05-19 1968-07-05 Triplex Soc Ind Device for regulating the heating of heated glazing supplied with three-phase electric current
US3752348A (en) * 1971-08-30 1973-08-14 Ford Motor Co Motor vehicle electrically heated windshield and backlight system
US3790745A (en) * 1972-10-13 1974-02-05 Sierracin Corp Temperature control for electrically heatable window
FR2250329A5 (en) * 1973-10-31 1975-05-30 Saint Gobain
US4673797A (en) * 1985-10-28 1987-06-16 Donnelly Corporation Power control for heated windshields
GB2186769A (en) * 1985-12-26 1987-08-19 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd Conductive glass plate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0396556A1 (en) 1990-11-14
WO1989005561A1 (en) 1989-06-15
DE3880151D1 (en) 1993-05-13
DE3741244A1 (en) 1989-06-15
JP2871705B2 (en) 1999-03-17
JPH03501543A (en) 1991-04-04

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