EP0395085B1 - Method for drying out walls through electrosmosis by means of electromagnetic irradiation and electronic apparatus used therefor - Google Patents
Method for drying out walls through electrosmosis by means of electromagnetic irradiation and electronic apparatus used therefor Download PDFInfo
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- EP0395085B1 EP0395085B1 EP90108059A EP90108059A EP0395085B1 EP 0395085 B1 EP0395085 B1 EP 0395085B1 EP 90108059 A EP90108059 A EP 90108059A EP 90108059 A EP90108059 A EP 90108059A EP 0395085 B1 EP0395085 B1 EP 0395085B1
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- resonator
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- pulse sequence
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
- E04B1/7007—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by using electricity, e.g. electro-osmosis
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for dehumidifying masonry, in which the masonry is exposed to electromagnetic radiation generated by an electromagnetic resonator and emitted by a radiation device, the resonator for generating the electromagnetic radiation with periodic electrical pulses having a pulse repetition frequency lower than the natural oscillation frequency of the resonator to electromagnetic natural vibrations.
- the invention further relates to an electronic device for dehumidifying masonry, with an electromagnetic resonator, in particular an LC resonant circuit, with a pulse generator circuit connected to the resonator, which, to excite natural vibrations of the resonator, have periodic pulses with steep pulse edges and with a pulse repetition frequency lower than the natural vibration frequency of the resonator, and with a device for emitting electromagnetic waves generated by the vibrations of the resonator.
- an electromagnetic resonator in particular an LC resonant circuit
- a pulse generator circuit connected to the resonator, which, to excite natural vibrations of the resonator, have periodic pulses with steep pulse edges and with a pulse repetition frequency lower than the natural vibration frequency of the resonator, and with a device for emitting electromagnetic waves generated by the vibrations of the resonator.
- Field of application of the invention is the dehumidification of masonry, the moisture of which stems in particular from rising damp, such as, for example, due to capillary, osmotic or other electrokinetic effects penetrating into the masonry and rising therein groundwater, backwater or leachate.
- electro-osmosis processes work on the basis of moisture control with electric fields. With these methods, the electric field is created by means of electrodes embedded in the masonry and in the ground. For the correct placement and attachment of the electrodes, however, considerable structural interventions in the masonry are generally required.
- Another disadvantage of the known electro-osmosis processes is that the electrodes oxidize or corrode over time and thus have only a limited service life.
- dehumidification of masonry can also be achieved without electrodes embedded in the masonry if electromagnetic radiation is allowed to act on the moist masonry.
- An electronic device of the type mentioned at the outset which works according to this principle is known from the Austrian patent application 2398/86.
- the known device comprises an L-C resonant circuit which is excited to resonate by a pulse generator circuit.
- the natural oscillation frequency or resonance frequency of the resonant circuit is a multiple of the pulse repetition frequency of the pulse generator.
- the pulse repetition frequency of the pulse generator is adapted to the fluctuation frequency of the electromagnetic earth field and is 7 to 15 pulses per second.
- the resonance oscillation of the oscillating circuit is maintained for a certain duration with constant power during each oscillation-stimulating pulse.
- An antenna connected to the resonant circuit via a coupling capacitor radiates electromagnetic wave trains generated in the resonant circuit with an essentially constant amplitude per wave train in time with the vibration-stimulating pulses.
- the known electronic device requires a comparatively large amount of circuitry for the generation of the frequency-coordinated pulse sequence signal for the electromagnetic earth field, for which Maintaining a substantially constant amplitude of the resonance oscillation of the resonant circuit and for the temporal limitation of the oscillation trains within a period of the excitation pulse signal.
- the object of the invention is to provide an efficient, non-destructive method for dehumidifying masonry which can be carried out using simple means.
- a resonator is used to generate the electromagnetic radiation which, after each excitation by the pulse train signal, carries out a damped oscillation, the amplitude of which during a period of half a period of the pulse train signal to a value less than 10% of the maximum amplitude the vibration drops.
- a particularly good dehumidification effect is achieved if a resonator is used whose natural vibration frequency is in the range of 141 kHz +/- 4 kHz.
- the aim of the invention is also to provide an electronic device of the type mentioned at the outset for carrying out the method, which is inexpensive to manufacture and requires only a small amount of circuitry.
- the resonator be designed in such a way that it generates a signal after each vibration excitation by the pulse train signal damped vibration executes, the amplitude of which drops to a value less than 10% of the maximum amplitude of the vibration during the duration of half a period of the pulse train signal.
- the resonator interacts with the pulse generator circuit such that it experiences an electromagnetic oscillation deflection when a steep pulse edge occurs, which is followed by further oscillation periods. Due to the damping of the resonator, the resonator oscillation decays almost completely during the duration of a half period of the pulse train signal. The oscillation process is repeated when the next steep edge of the pulse sequence signal occurs.
- the resonator performs damped oscillation trains in time with the pulse sequence signal and generates electromagnetic waves in accordance with the oscillation profile. Only a few inexpensive electrical or electronic components are required to implement the device according to the invention.
- a simple pulse shaper circuit e.g.
- the signal supplied to the pulse shaper can be derived, for example, directly from the 50 Hz mains signal, the pulse sequence signal then having a frequency of approximately 50 Hz to excite the resonator.
- the resonator is preferably designed as a simple L-C parallel resonant circuit, the quality factor of which is selected such that the required damping behavior of the resonator vibration results.
- the resonator can also be designed as an L-C series resonant circuit.
- the pulse generator circuit is designed as a pulse shaper circuit.
- the pulse shaper circuit is connected to the secondary winding of a network transformer and transforms the AC voltage signal supplied by the network into a 50 Hz square-wave signal, which is used as a pulse train signal for vibrating the resonator.
- the coupling of the resonator to the pulse shaper circuit is preferably chosen such that both rising and falling pulse edges of the pulse train signal lead to excitation of an oscillation of the resonator. In this way, every half period of a square wave signal is used to generate an oscillation train and thus to emit an electromagnetic wave train.
- the device according to the invention works particularly efficiently with a circuit for suppressing positive voltages.
- This circuit comprises a diode which ensures that the oscillation-stimulating pulse sequence signal does not assume a voltage which is positive with respect to the earth potential.
- an optical control display for function control is provided.
- the optical control display comprises two between the pulse generator circuit and the resonator in parallel switched, oppositely polarized LEDs. The LEDs provide control of the pulse train signal.
- a plastic housing is preferably provided to protect the device from dirt and damage.
- Setting means can be provided for setting the desired resonator frequency.
- a trimmer capacitor or a device that changes the inductance of the coil can be provided for frequency adjustment.
- An antenna can be provided for the radiation of the electromagnetic waves.
- the resonator itself is used as a radiation emitter.
- the coil in particular serves as a transmitter. This further simplifies the circuit.
- the device according to the invention comprises an LC parallel resonant circuit 10, the resonance frequency of which is 141 kHz lies.
- the capacitance of the capacitor C of the resonant circuit 10 can be changed in order to adjust the resonance frequency.
- the resonant circuit 10 is connected downstream of a pulse shaper circuit 12, which converts the sinusoidal 50 Hz signal supplied by a mains transformer 14 into a 50 Hz square wave signal with a duty cycle of 50% and feeds this square wave signal to the resonant circuit 10.
- an optical control display 16 is inserted with two light-emitting diodes connected in parallel and arranged opposite to one another with regard to their flow direction. The control display 16 is used to monitor the function of the device.
- the mains transformer 14 serves both as a signal generator for the pulse shaper circuit 12 and as a 12 volt AC voltage source for supplying the entire device according to the invention.
- a resistor R ensures current limitation of the device.
- the working current is a few mA. The device therefore requires only low electrical power, which is associated with the advantage of low operating costs.
- a diode D is connected in such a way that it suppresses the voltage in the device which is positive with respect to earth potential, so that the square-wave signal supplied by the pulse shaper 12 does not assume a voltage which is positive with respect to the earth potential.
- FIG. 2 shows a qualitative representation of the amplitude profile of the resonator oscillation (diagram A) in comparison with the pulse train signal delivered by the pulse shaper 12 (diagram B).
- the frequency of the resonator 10 (141 kHz) or the period of the resonator is not drawn to scale for reasons of simplification of the drawing.
- the oscillating circuit 10 is excited to a natural oscillation, which, however, is damped to such an extent that its amplitude A, which means the amount of the maximum deflection per oscillation period, during the period of a quarter period T / 4 of the rectangular pulse train signal decays almost completely.
- the next vibration deflection or excitation of the resonator 10 takes place when the next negative edge F ⁇ of the pulse sequence signal occurs.
- the voltage changes of the oscillation train following the negative edge F+ are opposite to those of the previous oscillation train.
- the vibration trains have essentially the same damping behavior. After a period T of the rectangular pulse train signal, the oscillation processes described above are repeated when the next positive edge F essentially occurs.
- the resonant circuit 10 emits wave trains with an amplitude profile according to diagram A and in time with the pulse train signal, i.e. in each half period of the pulse train signal a wave train to the environment.
- the device according to the invention preferably has a plastic housing which does not or only negligibly absorbs the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the resonator.
- a plastic housing which does not or only negligibly absorbs the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the resonator.
- care must be taken to ensure that the radiation-emitting elements, in particular the coil L, are not enclosed by the housing.
- the pulse train signal be a square wave signal. It is important, however, that the pulse sequence signal contains the resonance frequency of the resonator as a spectral component, which is generally the case when the pulses have steep pulse edges.
- the device according to the invention is expediently placed in the vicinity of the masonry to be dehumidified.
- the range achieved in tests with the exemplary embodiment described above, within which a good dehumidifying effect could still be determined, is approximately 20 m, a transmission power of approximately 15 ⁇ W averaged over time being measured.
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- Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Entfeuchtung von Mauerwerk, bei welchem man das Mauerwerk einer mittels eines elektromagnetischen Resonators erzeugten und von einer Abstrahleinrichtung abgestrahlten elektromagnetischen Strahlung aussetzt, wobei man den Resonator zur Erzeugung der elektromagnetischen Strahlung mit periodischen elektrischen Impulsen mit einer Impulsfolgefrequenz kleiner als die Eigenschwingungsfrequenz des Resonators zu elektromagnetischen Eigenschwingungen anregt.The invention relates to a method for dehumidifying masonry, in which the masonry is exposed to electromagnetic radiation generated by an electromagnetic resonator and emitted by a radiation device, the resonator for generating the electromagnetic radiation with periodic electrical pulses having a pulse repetition frequency lower than the natural oscillation frequency of the resonator to electromagnetic natural vibrations.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein elektronisches Gerät zur Entfeuchtung von Mauerwerk, mit einem elektromagnetischen Resonator, insbesondere L-C-Schwingkreis, mit einer mit dem Resonator verbundenen Impulsgeberschaltung, die zur Anregung von Eigenschwingungen des Resonators periodische Impulse mit steilen Impulsflanken und mit einer Impulsfolgefrequenz kleiner als die Eigenschwingungsfrequenz des Resonators abgibt, und mit einer Einrichtung zur Abstrahlung von elektromagnetischen Wellen, die durch die Schwingungen des Resonators generiert werden.The invention further relates to an electronic device for dehumidifying masonry, with an electromagnetic resonator, in particular an LC resonant circuit, with a pulse generator circuit connected to the resonator, which, to excite natural vibrations of the resonator, have periodic pulses with steep pulse edges and with a pulse repetition frequency lower than the natural vibration frequency of the resonator, and with a device for emitting electromagnetic waves generated by the vibrations of the resonator.
Anwendungsbereich der Erfindung ist die Entfeuchtung von Mauerwerk, dessen Feuchte insbesondere von aufsteigender Nässe, wie beispielsweise aufgrund kapillarischer, osmotischer oder sonstiger elektrokinetischer Effekte in das Mauerwerk eindringendes und darin aufsteigendes Grundwasser, Stauwasser oder Sickerwasser herrührt.Field of application of the invention is the dehumidification of masonry, the moisture of which stems in particular from rising damp, such as, for example, due to capillary, osmotic or other electrokinetic effects penetrating into the masonry and rising therein groundwater, backwater or leachate.
Es ist bekannt, daß elektrische bzw. elektromagnetische Felder einen Einfluß auf aufsteigende Feuchtigkeit in Mauerwerk haben und zur Entfeuchtung des Mauerwerks herangezogen werden können.It is known that electrical or electromagnetic fields have an influence on rising damp in masonry and can be used to dehumidify the masonry.
Auf der Grundlage der Feuchtebekämpfung mit elektrischen Feldern arbeiten die sogenannten Elektroosmose-Verfahren. Bei diesen Verfahren wird das elektrische Feld mittels in das Mauerwerk und in die Erde eingelassener Elektroden angelegt. Für die richtige Plazierung und Befestigung der Elektroden sind jedoch i.a. erhebliche bauliche Eingriffe in das Mauerwerk erforderlich. Ein weiterer Nachteil der bekannten Elektroosmose-Verfahren besteht darin, daß die Elektroden im Laufe der Zeit oxidieren bzw. korrodieren und somit nur eine beschränkte Lebensdauer haben.The so-called electro-osmosis processes work on the basis of moisture control with electric fields. With these methods, the electric field is created by means of electrodes embedded in the masonry and in the ground. For the correct placement and attachment of the electrodes, however, considerable structural interventions in the masonry are generally required. Another disadvantage of the known electro-osmosis processes is that the electrodes oxidize or corrode over time and thus have only a limited service life.
Es hat sich in überraschender Weise gezeigt, daß eine Entfeuchtung von Mauerwerk auch ohne in das Mauerwerk eingelassener Elektroden erzielt werden kann, wenn man eine elektromagnetische Strahlung auf das feuchte Mauerwerk einwirken läßt. Ein nach diesem Prinzip arbeitendes elektronisches Gerät der eingangs genannten Art ist aus der österreichischen Patentanmeldung 2398/86 bekannt. Das bekannte Gerät umfaßt einen L-C-Schwingkreis, welcher durch eine Impulsgeberschaltung zu Resonanzschwingungen angeregt wird. Die Eigenschwingungsfrequenz bzw. Resonanzfrequenz des Schwingkreises beträgt ein Vielfaches der Impulsfolgefrequenz des Impulsgebers. Die Impulsfolgefrequenz des Impulsgebers ist der Fluktuationsfrequenz des elektromagnetischen Erdfeldes angepaßt und liegt bei 7 bis 15 Impulsen pro Sekunde. Durch besondere Schaltmaßnahmen wird die Resonanzschwingung des Schwingkreises während jedes schwingungsanregenden Impulses für eine bestimmte Dauer mit gleichbleibender Leistung aufrechterhalten. Eine über einen Koppelkondensator an dem Schwingkreis angeschlossene Antenne strahlt in dem Schwingkreis generierte elektromagnetische Wellenzüge mit im wesentlichen gleichbleibender Amplitude pro Wellenzug im Takt der schwingungsanregenden Impulse ab.It has surprisingly been found that dehumidification of masonry can also be achieved without electrodes embedded in the masonry if electromagnetic radiation is allowed to act on the moist masonry. An electronic device of the type mentioned at the outset which works according to this principle is known from the Austrian patent application 2398/86. The known device comprises an L-C resonant circuit which is excited to resonate by a pulse generator circuit. The natural oscillation frequency or resonance frequency of the resonant circuit is a multiple of the pulse repetition frequency of the pulse generator. The pulse repetition frequency of the pulse generator is adapted to the fluctuation frequency of the electromagnetic earth field and is 7 to 15 pulses per second. Through special switching measures, the resonance oscillation of the oscillating circuit is maintained for a certain duration with constant power during each oscillation-stimulating pulse. An antenna connected to the resonant circuit via a coupling capacitor radiates electromagnetic wave trains generated in the resonant circuit with an essentially constant amplitude per wave train in time with the vibration-stimulating pulses.
Das bekannte elektronische Gerät erfordert einen vergleichsweise großen schaltungstechnischen Aufwand für die Erzeugung des frequenzmäßig auf das elektromagnetische Erdfeld abgestimmten Impulsfolgesignals, für die Aufrechterhaltung einer im wesentlichen konstanten Amplitude der Resonanzschwingung des Schwingkreises und für die zeitliche Begrenzung der Schwingungszüge innerhalb einer Periode des Anregungsimpulssignals.The known electronic device requires a comparatively large amount of circuitry for the generation of the frequency-coordinated pulse sequence signal for the electromagnetic earth field, for which Maintaining a substantially constant amplitude of the resonance oscillation of the resonant circuit and for the temporal limitation of the oscillation trains within a period of the excitation pulse signal.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein mit einfachen Mitteln durchführbares effizientes zerstörungsfreies Verfahren zur Entfeuchtung von Mauerwerk anzugeben.The object of the invention is to provide an efficient, non-destructive method for dehumidifying masonry which can be carried out using simple means.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, daß man zur Erzeugung der elektromagnetischen Strahlung einen Resonator verwendet, der nach jeder Anregung durch das Impulsfolgesignal eine gedämpfte Schwingung ausführt, deren Amplitude während der Dauer einer halben Periode des Impulsfolgesignals auf einen Wert kleiner als 10 % der Maximalamplitude der Schwingung abfällt.To achieve this object, it is proposed according to the invention that a resonator is used to generate the electromagnetic radiation which, after each excitation by the pulse train signal, carries out a damped oscillation, the amplitude of which during a period of half a period of the pulse train signal to a value less than 10% of the maximum amplitude the vibration drops.
Es hat sich überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß man eine besondere gute Entfeuchtung des zu behandelnden Mauerwerks erzielt, wenn der Resonator derart gedämpft ist, daß seine Schwingungsamplitude innerhalb einer Viertelperiode des Impulsfolgesignals auf einen Wert kleiner als 10 % der Maximalamplitude abfällt.It has surprisingly been found that particularly good dehumidification of the masonry to be treated is achieved if the resonator is damped in such a way that its oscillation amplitude drops to a value less than 10% of the maximum amplitude within a quarter period of the pulse sequence signal.
Besonders gute Entfeuchtungswirkung erzielt man, wenn man einen Resonator verwendet, dessen Eigenschwingungsfrequenz im Bereich von 141 kHz +/- 4 kHz liegt.A particularly good dehumidification effect is achieved if a resonator is used whose natural vibration frequency is in the range of 141 kHz +/- 4 kHz.
Ziel der Erfindung ist es ferner ein elektronisches Gerät der Eingangs genannten Art zur Durchführung des Verfahrens anzugeben, welches preiswert herstellbar ist und einen lediglich geringen Schaltungsaufwand erfordert.The aim of the invention is also to provide an electronic device of the type mentioned at the outset for carrying out the method, which is inexpensive to manufacture and requires only a small amount of circuitry.
Zur Erreichung dieses Ziel wird vorgeschlagen, daß der Resonator derart ausgebildet ist, daß er nach jeder Schwingungsanregung durch das Impulsfolgesignal eine gedämpfte Schwingung ausführt, deren Amplitude während der Dauer einer halben Periode des Impulsfolgesignals auf einen Wert kleiner als 10 % der Maximalamplitude der Schwingung abfällt.To achieve this goal, it is proposed that the resonator be designed in such a way that it generates a signal after each vibration excitation by the pulse train signal damped vibration executes, the amplitude of which drops to a value less than 10% of the maximum amplitude of the vibration during the duration of half a period of the pulse train signal.
Der Resonator wirkt derart mit der Impulsgeberschaltung zusammen, daß er bei Auftreten einer steilen Impulsflanke eine elektromagnetische Schwingungsauslenkung erfährt, der sich weitere Schwingungsperioden anschließen. Aufgrund der Dämpfung des Resonators klingt die Resonatorschwingung während der Dauer einer Halbperiode des Impulsfolgesignals nahezu vollständig ab. Mit Auftreten der nächsten steilen Flanke des Impulsfolgesignals wiederholt sich der Schwingungsvorgang. Der Resonator vollführt im Takt des Impulsfolgesignals gedämpfte Schwingungszüge und erzeugt dabei elektromagnetische Wellen entsprechend dem Schwingungsverlauf. Zur Realisierung des erfindungsgemäßen Gerätes sind lediglich wenige preiswerte elektrische bzw. elektronische Bauteile erforderlich. Als Impulsgeberschaltung kann eine einfache Impulsformerschaltung, wie z.B. ein Schmitt-Trigger, oder eine sonstige an sich bekannte einfache Triggerschaltung, welche beispielsweise eine Sinusspannung in eine Rechteckspannung umformt, verwendet werden. Das dem Impulsformer zugeführte Signal kann beispielsweise direkt vom 50 Hz-Netzsignal abgeleitet werden, wobei dann das Impulsfolgesignal zur Schwingungsanregung des Resonators eine Frequenz von ca. 50 Hz hat. Der Resonator ist vorzugsweise als einfacher L-C-Parallelschwingkreis ausgebildet, dessen Gütefaktor so gewählt ist, daß sich das geforderte Dämpfungsverhalten der Resonatorschwingung ergibt. Der Resonator kann aber auch als L-C-Reihenschwingkreis ausgebildet sein.The resonator interacts with the pulse generator circuit such that it experiences an electromagnetic oscillation deflection when a steep pulse edge occurs, which is followed by further oscillation periods. Due to the damping of the resonator, the resonator oscillation decays almost completely during the duration of a half period of the pulse train signal. The oscillation process is repeated when the next steep edge of the pulse sequence signal occurs. The resonator performs damped oscillation trains in time with the pulse sequence signal and generates electromagnetic waves in accordance with the oscillation profile. Only a few inexpensive electrical or electronic components are required to implement the device according to the invention. A simple pulse shaper circuit, e.g. a Schmitt trigger, or another simple trigger circuit known per se, which converts a sinusoidal voltage into a square wave voltage, for example. The signal supplied to the pulse shaper can be derived, for example, directly from the 50 Hz mains signal, the pulse sequence signal then having a frequency of approximately 50 Hz to excite the resonator. The resonator is preferably designed as a simple L-C parallel resonant circuit, the quality factor of which is selected such that the required damping behavior of the resonator vibration results. However, the resonator can also be designed as an L-C series resonant circuit.
Es hat sich überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß eine besonders gute Entfeuchtungswirkung zur Entfeuchtung von Mauerwerk von dem erfindungsgemäßen Gerät ausgeht, wenn der Resonator derart gedämpft ist, daß seine Schwingungsamplitude innerhalb einer Viertelperiode des Impulsgebersignals nahezu vollständig, zumindest aber auf einen Wert kleiner als 10 % der Maximalamplitude abfällt.It has surprisingly been found that a particularly good dehumidification effect for the dehumidification of masonry comes from the device according to the invention if the resonator is so damped that its Vibration amplitude almost completely within a quarter period of the pulse generator signal, but at least drops to a value less than 10% of the maximum amplitude.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Impulsgeberschaltung als Impulsformerschaltung ausgebildet. Die Impulsformerschaltung ist an der Sekundärwicklung eines Netztransformators angeschlossen und transformiert das vom Netz gelieferte Wechselspannungssignal in ein 50 Hz-Rechtecksignal, welches als Impulsfolgesignal zur Schwingungsanregung des Resonators verwendet wird.In a particularly preferred development of the invention, the pulse generator circuit is designed as a pulse shaper circuit. The pulse shaper circuit is connected to the secondary winding of a network transformer and transforms the AC voltage signal supplied by the network into a 50 Hz square-wave signal, which is used as a pulse train signal for vibrating the resonator.
Die Kopplung des Resonators mit der Impulsformerschaltung ist vorzugsweise derart gewählt, daß sowohl steigende als auch fallende Impulsflanken des Impulsfolgesignals zur Anregung einer Schwingung des Resonators führen. Auf diese Weise wird jede Halbperiode eines Rechtecksignals zur Erzeugung eines Schwingungszuges und damit zur Emission eines elektromagnetischen Wellenzuges ausgenutzt.The coupling of the resonator to the pulse shaper circuit is preferably chosen such that both rising and falling pulse edges of the pulse train signal lead to excitation of an oscillation of the resonator. In this way, every half period of a square wave signal is used to generate an oscillation train and thus to emit an electromagnetic wave train.
Besonders effizient arbeitet das erfindungsgemäße Gerät mit einer Schaltung zur Unterdrückung positiver Spannungen. Diese Schaltung umfaßt eine Diode, die sicherstellt, daß das schwingungsanregende Impulsfolgesignal keine gegenüber dem Erdpotential positive Spannung annimmt.The device according to the invention works particularly efficiently with a circuit for suppressing positive voltages. This circuit comprises a diode which ensures that the oscillation-stimulating pulse sequence signal does not assume a voltage which is positive with respect to the earth potential.
Versuche haben ergeben, daß eine Entfeuchtung von Mauerwerk mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Gerät besonders wirksam auftritt, wenn die Eigenschwingungsfrequenz des Resonators im Bereich von 130 bis 150 kHz, vorzugsweise 137 bis 145 kHz, am besten bei 141 kHz liegt. Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist eine optische Kontrollanzeige zur Funktionskontrolle vorgesehen. Die optische Kontrollanzeige umfaßt in einer Ausgestaltung zwei zwischen der Impulsgeberschaltung und dem Resonator parallel geschaltete, entgegengesetzt gepolte Leuchtdioden. Die Leuchtdioden liefern eine Kontrolle des Impulsfolgesignals.Experiments have shown that dehumidification of masonry occurs particularly effectively with the device according to the invention if the natural oscillation frequency of the resonator is in the range from 130 to 150 kHz, preferably 137 to 145 kHz, best at 141 kHz. According to a development of the invention, an optical control display for function control is provided. In one embodiment, the optical control display comprises two between the pulse generator circuit and the resonator in parallel switched, oppositely polarized LEDs. The LEDs provide control of the pulse train signal.
Zum Schutz des Gerätes vor Verschmutzung und Beschädigung ist vorzugsweise ein Kunststoffgehäuse vorgesehen.A plastic housing is preferably provided to protect the device from dirt and damage.
Zur Einstellung der gewünschten Resonatorfrequenz können Einstellmittel vorgesehen sein. Im Falle eines L-C-Schwingkreises kann zur Frequenzjustierung ein Trimmer-kondensator oder eine die Induktivität der Spule verändernde Einrichtung vorgesehen sein.Setting means can be provided for setting the desired resonator frequency. In the case of an L-C resonant circuit, a trimmer capacitor or a device that changes the inductance of the coil can be provided for frequency adjustment.
Für die Abstrahlung der elektromagnetischen Wellen kann eine Antenne vorgesehen sein.An antenna can be provided for the radiation of the electromagnetic waves.
In einer bevorzugten Variante wird jedoch der Resonator selbst als Strahlungsemitter ausgenutzt. Bei einem L-C-Schwingkreis dient insbesondere die Spule als Sender. Dadurch wird eine noch weitergehende Schaltungsvereinfachung erzielt.In a preferred variant, however, the resonator itself is used as a radiation emitter. In the case of an L-C resonant circuit, the coil in particular serves as a transmitter. This further simplifies the circuit.
In folgendem wird ein elektronisches Gerät nach der Erfindung an Hand der Figuren beschrieben. Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1 teilweise schematisch eine Schaltung eines erfindungsgemäßen Gerätes zur Entfeuchtung von Mauerwerk und
- Fig. 2 ein Signalverlaufsdiagramm zur Erklärung des Schwingungsverhaltens des Resonators in Bezug auf die Anregungsimpulse der Impulsgeberschaltung.
- Fig. 1 partially schematically a circuit of a device according to the invention for dehumidifying masonry and
- Fig. 2 is a waveform diagram for explaining the vibration behavior of the resonator in relation to the excitation pulses of the pulse generator circuit.
Das Gerät nach der Erfindung umfaßt einen L-C-Parallelschwingkreis 10, dessen Resonanzfrequenz bei 141 kHz liegt. Zur Justierung der Resonanzfrequenz ist die Kapazität des Kondensators C des Schwingkreises 10 veränderbar. Der Schwingkreis 10 ist einer Impulsformerschaltung 12 nachgeschaltet, welche das von einem Netztransformator 14 gelieferte sinusförmige 50 Hz-Signal in ein 50 Hz-Rechtecksignal mit einem Tastverhältnis von 50 % umformt und dieses Rechtecksignal dem Schwingkreis 10 zuführt. Zwischen der Impulsformerschaltung 12 und dem Schwingkreis 10 ist eine optische Kontrollanzeige 16 mit zwei parallel geschalteten, bezüglich ihrer Durchflußrichtung einander entgegengesetzt angeordneten Leuchtdioden eingesetzt. Die Kontrollanzeige 16 dient zur Funktionsüberwachung des Gerätes.The device according to the invention comprises an LC parallel
Der Netztransformator 14 dient sowohl als Signalgeber für die Impulsformerschaltung 12 als auch als 12 Volt-Wechselspannungsquelle für die Versorgung des gesamten erfindungsgemäßen Gerätes. Ein Widerstand R sorgt für eine Strombegrenzung des Gerätes. Der Arbeitsstrom beträgt einige mA. Das Gerät erfordert daher nur geringe elektrische Leistung, was mit dem Vorteil geringer Betriebskosten verbunden ist.The
Eine Diode D ist derart geschaltet, daß sie gegenüber Erdpotential positive Spannung in dem Gerät unterdrückt, so daß das von dem Impulsformer 12 gelieferte Rechtecksignal keine gegenüber dem Erdpotential positive Spannung annimmt.A diode D is connected in such a way that it suppresses the voltage in the device which is positive with respect to earth potential, so that the square-wave signal supplied by the
Die Funktionsweise des erfindungsgemäßen Gerätes wird nachfolgend an Hand der Fig. 2 erläutert. Fig. 2 zeigt in einer qualitativen Darstellung den Amplitudenverlauf der Resonatorschwingung (Diagramm A) im Vergleich mit dem vom Impulsformer 12 gelieferten Impulsfolgesignal (Diagramm B). Die Frequenz des Resonators 10 (141 kHz) bzw. die Periodendauer des Resonators ist aus Gründen der Vereinfachung der Zeichnung nicht maßstabsgerecht gezeichnet. Bei Auftreten einer positiven Flanke F₊ des Rechteck-Impfulsfolgesignals wird der Schwingkreis 10 zu einer Eigenschwingung angeregt, die jedoch so stark gedämpft ist, daß deren Amplitude A, womit der Betrag der maximalen Auslenkung pro Schwingungsperiode gemeint ist, während der Dauer einer Viertelperiode T/4 des Rechteck-Impulsfolgesignals nahezu vollständig abklingt. Die nächste Schwingungsauslenkung bzw. Anregung des Resonators 10 erfolgt bei Auftreten der nächstfolgenden negativen Flanke F₋ des Impulsfolgesignals. Die Spannungsänderungen des der negativen Flanke F₊ folgenden Schwingungszuges sind denen des vorausgehenden Schwingungszuges entgegengesetzt. Die Schwingungszüge weisen im wesentlichen gleiches Dämpfungsverhalten auf. Nach Ablauf einer Periode T des Rechteck-Impulsfolgesignals wiederholen sich die vorstehend beschriebenen Schwingungsvorgänge mit Auftreten der nächsten positiven Flanke F₊.The operation of the device according to the invention is explained below with reference to FIG. 2. 2 shows a qualitative representation of the amplitude profile of the resonator oscillation (diagram A) in comparison with the pulse train signal delivered by the pulse shaper 12 (diagram B). The frequency of the resonator 10 (141 kHz) or the period of the resonator is not drawn to scale for reasons of simplification of the drawing. When a positive edge F₊ of the square-wave vaccination sequence signal occurs, the
Der Schwingkreis 10 strahlt Wellenzüge mit einem Amplitudenverlauf gemäß Diagramm A und im Takt des Impulsfolgesignals, d.h. in jeder Halbperiode des Impulsfolgesignals einen Wellenzug an die Umgebung ab.The
Das Gerät nach der Erfindung hat vorzugweise ein Kunststoffgehäuse, welches die von dem Resonator emittierte elektromagnetische Strahlung nicht oder nur vernachlässigbar absorbiert. Bei einem Gerät mit einem Metallgehäuse ist dafür Sorge zu tragen, daß die strahlungsemittierenden Elemente, insbesondere die Spule L, nicht von dem Gehäuse umschlossen sind.
Es ist nicht zwingend, daß das Impulsfolgesignal ein Rechtecksignal ist. Von Bedeutung ist jedoch, daß das Impulsfolgesignal die Resonanzfrequenz des Resonators als spektrale Komponente beinhaltet, was i.a. der Fall ist, wenn die Impulse steile Impulsflanken aufweisen.The device according to the invention preferably has a plastic housing which does not or only negligibly absorbs the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the resonator. In the case of a device with a metal housing, care must be taken to ensure that the radiation-emitting elements, in particular the coil L, are not enclosed by the housing.
It is not imperative that the pulse train signal be a square wave signal. It is important, however, that the pulse sequence signal contains the resonance frequency of the resonator as a spectral component, which is generally the case when the pulses have steep pulse edges.
Das erfindungsgemäße Gerät wird zweckmäßigerweise in der Nähe des zu entfeuchtenden Mauerwerks plaziert. Die in Versuchen mit dem vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel erzielte Reichweite innerhalb der noch eine gute Entfeuchtungswirkung festgestellt werden konnte, liegt bei ca. 20 m, wobei eine über die Zeit gemittelte Sendeleistung von ca. 15 µW gemessen wurde.The device according to the invention is expediently placed in the vicinity of the masonry to be dehumidified. The range achieved in tests with the exemplary embodiment described above, within which a good dehumidifying effect could still be determined, is approximately 20 m, a transmission power of approximately 15 μW averaged over time being measured.
Claims (20)
- A method of dehumidifying masonry, in which the masonry is exposed to electromagnetic radiation produced by an electromagnetic resonator (10) and irradiated by a radiating source, in which, in order to generate the electromagnetic radiation, the resonator (10) is energised by periodic electric pulses having a pulse sequence frequency which is less than the natural oscillation frequency of the resonator (10) in order to produce free electromagnetic oscillations, characterised in that in order to generate the electromagnetic radiation, a resonator (10) is used which after each excitation by the pulse sequence signal, performs a damped oscillation, the amplitude of which, for the duration of a half period of the pulse sequence signal, falls to a value below 10% of the maximum amplitude (M) of the oscillation.
- A method according to claim 1, characterised in that to generate the electromagnetic radiation, a resonator (10) is used which after each excitation by the pulse sequence signal, performs a damped oscillation, the amplitude of which, throughout the duration of a quarter period of the pulse sequence signal, falls to a value which is less than 10% of the maximum amplitude (M) of the oscillation.
- A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a rectangular signal having a pulse-duty factor of literally 50% is used as the pulse sequence signal to stimulate the resonator to oscillate.
- A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that to stimulate the resonator to oscillate, the pulse sequence signal is derived from the alternating current mains voltage.
- A method according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that to generate the electromagnetic radiation, a resonator (10) is used which is motivated to perform natural oscillations both on a rising flank (F₊) as well as on a falling flank (F₋) of the pulse sequence signal.
- A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it is ensured that the oscillation-stimulating pulse sequence signal does not assume a positive tension in relation to the earth potential.
- A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that to generate the electromagnetic radiation, a resonator is used the natural oscillation frequency of which is in the range of 141 kHz - 4 kHz.
- An electronic appliance for dehumidifying masonry- comprising an electromagnetic resonator (10), particularly one with a L-C resonance circuit,- with, connected to the resonator (10), a pulse transmitter circuit (12) which, to stimulate natural oscillations on the part of the resonator (10), delivers pulses having steep pulse flanks (F₊, F₋) and with a pulse sequence frequency less than the natural oscillation frequency of the resonator (10) and with an arrangement for emitting electromagnetic waves which are generated as a result of the oscillations of the resonator (10),characterised in that the resonator (10) is so constructed that after every stimulation of oscillations by the pulse sequence signal, it performs a damped oscillation the amplitude of which, for the duration of a half period (T) of the pulse sequence signal, falls to a value less than 10% of the maximum amplitude (M) of the oscillation.
- An electronic appliance according to claim 8, characterised in that the resonator (10) is so constructed that after every stimulation of an oscillation by the pulse sequence signal, it performs a damped oscillation the amplitude of which, for the duration of a quarter period of the pulse sequence signal, falls to a value less than 10% of the maximum amplitude (M) of the oscillation.
- An electronic appliance according to claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the pulse transmitter circuit (12) is constructed as a pulse former circuit which converts a signal of sinusoidal pattern into a rectangular signal of corresponding frequency and with a pulse duty factor of literally 50%.
- An electronic appliance according to claim 10, characterised in that the signal input of the pulse former circuit (12) is connected to the secondary winding of a mains transformer (14) which serves as a voltage supply for the entire appliance and converts the signal supplied by the mains transformer (14) into the pulse sequence signal for energising the oscillating circuit (10).
- An electronic appliance according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that both the rising and also the falling flanks (F₊, F₋) of the pulse sequence signal trigger an oscillation of the resonator (10).
- An electronic appliance according to at least one of claims 8 to 12, characterised in that a circuit, particularly a diode (D) is provided for the suppression of positive voltages, which ensures that the oscillation-excitation pulse sequence signal does not assume a positive tension in relation to the earth potential.
- An electronic appliance according to at least one of claims 8 to 13, characterised in that the natural oscillation frequency of the electromagnetic resonator (10) is in the range of 141 kHz - 4 kHz.
- An electronic appliance according to at least one of claims 8 to 14, characterised in that a visual display (16) is provided for monitoring the functioning of the appliance.
- An electronic appliance according to claim 15, characterised in that the monitoring display (16) comprises two parallel connected oppositely poled light emitting diodes which are inserted between the resonator (10) and the pulse transmitter circuit (12).
- An electronic appliance according to at least one of claims 8 to 16, characterised by a synthetic plastics housing.
- An electronic appliance according to at least one of claims 8 to 17, characterised in that the resonator frequency is adjustable.
- An electronic appliance according to at least one of claims 8 to 18, characterised in that the arrangement for irradiating electromagnetic waves is an antenna coupled to the resonator (10).
- An electronic arrangement according to at least one of claims 8 to 18, characterised in that the resonator (10) constitutes the arrangement for irradiating electromagnetic waves.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE8905412U | 1989-04-28 | ||
DE8905412U DE8905412U1 (en) | 1989-04-28 | 1989-04-28 | Electronic device for dehumidifying masonry |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0395085A1 EP0395085A1 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
EP0395085B1 true EP0395085B1 (en) | 1992-11-19 |
Family
ID=6838801
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90108059A Expired - Lifetime EP0395085B1 (en) | 1989-04-28 | 1990-04-27 | Method for drying out walls through electrosmosis by means of electromagnetic irradiation and electronic apparatus used therefor |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0395085B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE82608T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE8905412U1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0395085T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2037500T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3007100T3 (en) |
HR (1) | HRP930999B1 (en) |
SI (1) | SI9010836A (en) |
YU (1) | YU48391B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003062546A1 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2003-07-31 | Manfred Arnold | Method and system for drying a wall |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE8905412U1 (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1989-06-22 | Coufal, Hans-Peter, Wolfhalden | Electronic device for dehumidifying masonry |
ES2161931T3 (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 2001-12-16 | Hildegard Berger | DEVICE FOR DEHUMECTATION OF MAMPOSTERY. |
FR2809426A1 (en) * | 2000-05-25 | 2001-11-30 | Thierry Patrice Allain | Electrical domestic appliance for removing dampness includes circuit generating pulsed low voltage supply to move water by electro-capillary action |
DE602004016055D1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2008-10-02 | Bernard Stumpp | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR STOPPING THE CAPILLARY RISE OF WATER AND MOISTURE |
DE102005055889A1 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-05-31 | Schwille-Elektronik Produktions- Und Vertriebs- Gmbh | Apparatus and method for influencing flow processes |
DE102006054355A1 (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2008-06-05 | Büsch, Werner, Dipl.-Volksw. | Method and device for dehumidifying |
CH702034B1 (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2011-04-29 | Markus Bloedt | Method and apparatus for dehumidification of objects. |
DE202018006175U1 (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2019-07-11 | Rossano De Rosa | drying device |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2010361A1 (en) * | 1970-03-05 | 1971-09-23 | Siemens Ag | Circuit arrangement for the periodic generation of damped high-frequency oscillations, in particular for use in high-frequency surgery |
DE2332752A1 (en) * | 1973-06-27 | 1975-01-23 | Siemens Ag | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR PERIODIC GENERATION OF DAMPED HIGH FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS |
US4418481A (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1983-12-06 | Walter Wehrli | Apparatus for the dehumidation and drying of damp structures |
DD250219A1 (en) * | 1986-06-19 | 1987-09-30 | Inst Fuer Nachrichtentechnik | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR REFORMING SIGNIFICANT SIGNALS IN UNIPOLAR LOCK SIGNALS |
DE3740894A1 (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1989-06-15 | Philips Patentverwaltung | RECTANGULAR GENERATOR |
DE8905412U1 (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1989-06-22 | Coufal, Hans-Peter, Wolfhalden | Electronic device for dehumidifying masonry |
-
1989
- 1989-04-28 DE DE8905412U patent/DE8905412U1/en not_active Expired
-
1990
- 1990-04-26 YU YU83690A patent/YU48391B/en unknown
- 1990-04-26 SI SI9010836A patent/SI9010836A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-27 EP EP90108059A patent/EP0395085B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-27 DE DE9090108059T patent/DE59000478D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-27 AT AT90108059T patent/ATE82608T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-27 ES ES199090108059T patent/ES2037500T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-27 DK DK90108059.8T patent/DK0395085T3/en active
-
1993
- 1993-02-17 GR GR930400336T patent/GR3007100T3/el unknown
- 1993-06-25 HR HRP-836/90A patent/HRP930999B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003062546A1 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2003-07-31 | Manfred Arnold | Method and system for drying a wall |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SI9010836A (en) | 1996-02-29 |
HRP930999A2 (en) | 1997-08-31 |
DE8905412U1 (en) | 1989-06-22 |
DE59000478D1 (en) | 1992-12-24 |
GR3007100T3 (en) | 1993-07-30 |
EP0395085A1 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
YU83690A (en) | 1994-06-10 |
DK0395085T3 (en) | 1993-03-29 |
HRP930999B1 (en) | 1999-12-31 |
ATE82608T1 (en) | 1992-12-15 |
YU48391B (en) | 1998-07-10 |
ES2037500T3 (en) | 1993-06-16 |
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