EP0394114A1 - Multifunktionskoppler zwischen einer zentralen Verarbeitungseinheit eines Rechners und verschiedenen Peripheriegeräten dieses Rechners - Google Patents

Multifunktionskoppler zwischen einer zentralen Verarbeitungseinheit eines Rechners und verschiedenen Peripheriegeräten dieses Rechners Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0394114A1
EP0394114A1 EP19900401025 EP90401025A EP0394114A1 EP 0394114 A1 EP0394114 A1 EP 0394114A1 EP 19900401025 EP19900401025 EP 19900401025 EP 90401025 A EP90401025 A EP 90401025A EP 0394114 A1 EP0394114 A1 EP 0394114A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
memory
read
firmware
application
motherboard
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Granted
Application number
EP19900401025
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0394114B1 (de
Inventor
Rémy Le Gallo
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Bull SAS
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Bull SAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/4401—Bootstrapping
    • G06F9/4411—Configuring for operating with peripheral devices; Loading of device drivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
    • G06F13/382—Information transfer, e.g. on bus using universal interface adapter
    • G06F13/385—Information transfer, e.g. on bus using universal interface adapter for adaptation of a particular data processing system to different peripheral devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multifunctional coupler between a central computer unit and the various peripheral organs of the latter. It is more particularly intended to organize the transfer of information between each peripheral member and the central unit, whatever the type of application that one seeks to implement.
  • a computer system allows human users to define executable treatments by means of storage, execution and exchange organs with its external environment.
  • Various equipment can thus be used to support computer systems: these are large computers, or minicomputers or even computers for individual use.
  • this computer system is a conventional computer made up of a central processor unit (in English, abbreviated as CPU) and various peripherals, whether magnetic peripherals, such as disk memories or unwinders tapes or so-called input-output peripherals allowing the exchange of data with the outside (printers and various terminals such as minitel, etc ).
  • CPU central processor unit
  • peripherals whether magnetic peripherals, such as disk memories or unwinders tapes or so-called input-output peripherals allowing the exchange of data with the outside (printers and various terminals such as minitel, etc ).
  • the central unit is formed by a central processor and a main memory to which this processor is connected and by an input-output processor ensuring the control of the exchange of data between the memory and the various peripheral organs.
  • the physical transfer of data between the central unit and the peripheral takes place via a coupler which is connected on the one hand to the output bus of the central unit and on the other hand to the peripheral member that we are trying to implement.
  • the information processing or work that we seek to have executed by the computer are extremely varied, for example establishment of pay slips, research of correspondents in a telephone directory, reservation of place of plane or railway, etc ....
  • Each type of treatment or each work to be performed defines an application.
  • the implementation of this application by means of the computer is carried out by means of an application program.
  • This application program is implemented in the central processor of the central processing unit of the computer which contains the circuits necessary for the execution of the set of instructions which define this program. These instructions as well as the data on which they operate are generally contained in the main memory.
  • the execution of each of the program instructions is carried out by the processor.
  • the example of reserving an airplane seat or finding a telephone subscriber in a telephone directory can be considered as a management application. But there are also scientific applications or industrial applications for automatic control of the production process.
  • couplers which ensure the transmission of information between each terminal and the central unit.
  • the consistency of the information and the formats of the different frames of information transmitted are checked, that is to say, it is checked whether the format of these frames is consistent with the transmission mode used specific to each terminal.
  • an information frame is the elementary block of information sent by a terminal, that it is structured, includes a start and end message, synchronization signals to deduce the clock, the address of the sending terminal, the length of the data, the useful data, etc.
  • the coupler must therefore check whether each information frame is correctly transmitted with the appropriate format, this format having to comply with the transmission protocol which governs the dialogue between the station and the central unit. This protocol defines the access rules for each station.
  • the coupler must transmit this information without error and regenerate signals whose amplitude is weakened during the transmission process between the station and the central unit.
  • Couplers Two main types of couplers are known which are used in current practice, for example in the DPS 6 computer from the company BULL S.A..
  • the first, namely CO1, is shown for example in Figure 1.
  • This coupler CO1 comprises on the one hand a motherboard CM carte and a daughter card CF1.
  • the motherboard is physically connected to the central processing unit CPU of the computer ORD via a BUS1 bus where the information bits are transmitted in parallel.
  • the central processing unit CPU comprises the application program which it implements in association with the peripheral member OPER (not shown in FIG. 1 for simplicity).
  • FIG. 1 shows the interface between the application program contained in the central memory of the central processing unit CPU and the coupler CO1, namely DR1, which is in fact a software module, more commonly called driver, according to the English terminology and which is described in the technical manuals for the DPS 6 computer.
  • the motherboard CM1 is also physically connected via the parallel bus BUS1 to other couplers, of structure identical to CO1, namely CO i , CO i + 1 , etc ....
  • the motherboard CM1 comprises a physical interface I1 and the daughter card CF1 comprises a physical interface I2, which ensure the physical continuity of the signals which pass between the card CM1 and the card CF1.
  • the daughter card CF carte includes a physical interface I3 which ensures the physical continuity of the signals which pass between the daughter card CF1 and the peripheral member OPER via a parallel bus LB1.
  • This parallel bus is for example a bus capable of passing 8 bits in parallel.
  • the interfaces I1, I2 are simple connectors ensuring the physical connection between the conductors of the motherboard and those of the daughterboard.
  • the interface I3 is for example constituted by optoelectronic couplers of the HP2602 HCL type whose bandwidth is 10 MH z . These optoelectronic couplers carry out the electrical adaptation of the signals and allow electrical isolation between the various elements constituting the computer and the peripheral OPER member.
  • the CM1 motherboard is a non-intelligent card, and is sold under the trade designation GPI (General Purpose Interface) with the DPS 6 computer. It essentially includes a SEQ direct access sequencer DMA memory, this direct access procedure being perfectly known to those skilled in the art and being further described in the technical user manuals for the DPS 6 computer.
  • GPI General Purpose Interface
  • the CF1 daughter card includes an MP1 microprocessor, for example of the 68010 type from the firm MOTOROLA.
  • the firmware comprising all the microinstructions making it possible to ensure the transfer of information from the peripheral device OPER to the central unit CPU or vice versa, in a coherent manner, and without alteration of the various signals representing the bits information is contained in the microprocessor MP1.
  • this firmware will be referred to as application firmware.
  • the software of the central unit which manages these interruptions.
  • the central processing unit CPU similar to that of FIG. 1 is represented, with its software interface DR2, analogous to the interface DR1, and the coupler CO2 composed of the motherboard CM2 and the card - CF2 girl.
  • the motherboard CM2 is physically connected to the central processing unit CPU via the parallel bus BUS2 identical to the BUS1.
  • This central processing unit CPU is connected via this bus BUS2 to other couplers, of structure identical to the coupler CO2, namely CO j , CO j + 1 , etc ....
  • the motherboard CM2 comprises a physical interface I4, analogous to the interface I1 of the motherboard CM1 in FIG. 1, while the daughter card CF2 comprises two interfaces I5 and I6 analogous to the interfaces I2 and I3 of the card -daughter CF1 of FIG. 1.
  • the role of the interfaces I4, I5, I6 is analogous to the role of the interfaces I1, I2, I3 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the daughter card CF2 is connected via the parallel bus LB2 analogous to LB1 to the peripheral member OPER.
  • the CF2 daughter card is a non-intelligent card and only includes physical connection circuits and interface tools, for example of the HP2602 HCL type mentioned above.
  • the motherboard CM2 comprises a microprocessor MP2, and a ROM type PROM, namely PROM2, the microprocessor MP2 and the ROM memory PROM2 being connected to the same internal bus BI of the microprocessor MP2, itself connected to the bus BUS2.
  • the firmware relating to this application allowing the transfer of information between the peripheral device OPER and the central unit CPU resides entirely in the motherboard, inside the read only memory PROM2. It is implemented by the microprocessor MP2.
  • this second type of CO2 coupler is that, for each new application, a new version of the motherboard must be produced, since the firmware relating to the application is contained in a non-erasable PROM memory. Furthermore, the firmware being contained and executable in PROM type memory, where the access time is relatively high (from 150 to 200 nanoseconds), this micropressor MP2, is slowed down due to the relatively long access time of the PROM memory (microprocessor access time is around 100 nanoseconds). Consequently, the available power of the microprocessor is reduced accordingly.
  • the present invention overcomes these drawbacks by making the motherboard independent of the application both from the hardware and software point of view, and by storing the part of the firmware specific to a given application in an EPROM type memory contained in the daughter card.
  • the firmware contained in the daughter card is transferred into a random access memory of SRAM type contained in the mother board, the firmware as a whole being executed at the maximum speed of the microprocessor in this memory SRAM type.
  • FIG. 3 represents the COI coupler according to the invention.
  • the latter comprises a mother board CMI1 and a plurality of associated daughter cards, of which only two are shown to simplify, in FIG. 3, namely the daughter cards CFI1 and CFI2.
  • the motherboard CMI1 is connected to the central unit CPU (not shown for simplicity in FIG. 3) via the mega bus BUSI, identical to the bus BUS1 and BUS2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the CMI1 motherboard includes a MIPI microprocessor, an MVI random access memory of the SRAM type, and a reprogrammable read-only memory of the EPROM type, namely MPMI. Furthermore, the CMI1 motherboard has two interfaces INI1 and INI2 which respectively provide coupling with the daughter cards CFI1 and CFI2. The interfaces INI1 and INI2 are similar to the interfaces I1 and I4 shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the MIPI microprocessor and the MVI and MPMI programmable memories are connected to the same internal bus of the MIPI microprocessor, namely BUSMI, this bus being itself connected to the mega bus BUSI on the one hand, and to the two interfaces INI1 and INI2 on the other go.
  • the MIPI microprocessor is for example of the type 68020, of the firm MOTOROLA SEMI-CONDUCTORS, for example, located at Colvilles Road, Kelvin Estate - East Kilbride in Glasgow in Scotland. This microprocessor is therefore described in the technical manuals devoted to it by this manufacturer. Recall that such a processor is punctuated by a clock of 16.6 MHz.
  • the internal BUSMI bus of the MIPI microprocessor is a 32-bit parallel bus and the information transfers with the BUSI megabus and with the CFI1 and CFI2 daughter cards are carried out in direct DMA memory access mode.
  • the RAMI type MVAM RAM has a memory capacity of 256 kilobytes and is organized into 64 kilotamps of 32 bits.
  • the EPROM type MPMI read-only memory contains firmware specific to the motherboard, which is designated by PMR, a debugging monitor program, namely PMO, and the central core NY of the firmware, the function of which will be detailed below.
  • the two daughter cards CFI1 and CFI2 have an identical structure.
  • the CFI1 daughter card includes an API1 application circuit and a reprogrammable EPROM type read only memory, namely MPFI1, while the CFI2 daughter card comprises an API2 application circuit identical to the API1 circuit and an identical MPFI2 reprogrammable read only memory at MPFI1.
  • the CFI1 daughter card has an INI3 interface for connection with the CMI1 motherboard and an interface to the INI5 device, so that the daughter card CFI carte comprises an interface INI4 for connection with the motherboard CMI1 and an interface INI6 to the peripheral member which implements the application A2. It is connected to the peripheral member for example by a bus LB3 (LB4 for CFI2) identical to LB1 or LB2, parallel on eight bits, but it is clear that this connection can be carried out differently for example to be of serial type.
  • LB3 LB4 for CFI2
  • the interfaces INI3 and INI5 on the one hand, and INI4, INI6 on the other hand are identical for example to the interfaces I2, I3 and I6 shown respectively in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the read only memories MPFI1 and MPFI2 each contain firmware which is specific to the application A1 or A2 implemented by the peripheral member OPER1 or OPER2. None of the firmware residing in the memories MPFI1 and MPFI2 is executable. Therefore, it does not matter the physical structure that will allow each of them to be stored. They can therefore be stored either on an 8, 16 or 32 bit medium. This allows great flexibility of use for daughter cards.
  • These programs residing in read only memories of the EPROM type, namely MPFI1 and MPFI2 are made executable by being loaded into the random access memory MVI of the SRAM type of the motherboard CMI1. The loading of this firmware contained in the read-only memories of the daughter cards takes place under the guidance of the NY core of the firmware.
  • the core NY loads these, for example, at addresses 1000 to 1100 in RAM memory MVI. It is also evident that the microinstructions of the CFI2 card firmware are loaded by NY into MVI at addresses other than addresses 1000 through 1100, and the same is true for firmware instructions contained in daughter cards other than CFI1 and CFI2. Thus, each of the firmware contained in the daughter cards, which constitutes a specific task executed by the system kernel, can only be executed when it has been loaded and installed in the RAMI RAM.
  • This PMAS firmware therefore consists of the central core NY and a certain number of firmware modules. These different firmware modules are the PMF1 and PMF2 firmware contained in the read-only memories MPFI1 and MPFI2 of the daughter cards CFI1 and CFI2 (see also FIG. 5) and the PMM firmware which is contained in the read-only memory MPMI of the mother board CMI1, and finally the PMO monitor, also contained therein.
  • the NY core is the central part of the PMAS firmware, which manages the different PMF1, PMF2, PMO, PMM modules and organizes the different tasks corresponding to these firmware. It is recalled that a task is a processing corresponding to the execution of a specific firmware.
  • the core NY and the modules PMO and PMM are written in the read-only memory MPMI of the motherboard CMI1, while the modules PMF1, PMF2 are written in the read-only memories MPFI1 and MPFI2.
  • the role of the PMF1 firmware module (the role of the PMF2 firmware is obviously identical) is to organize the transmission of information from the peripheral device OPER1 to the motherboard, through the application circuit API1 (thus, if the bus LB3 is an eight-bit parallel bus, the API1 circuit performs the transformation of the eight-bit link into a 32-bit link for the BUSMI bus and vice-versa, which is carried out, in known manner, by a set of associated registers to a multiplexer device), and then to check its consistency, by looking at what are the parity errors, to check the formats of the transmitted frames and whether these are consistent with the specific mode of transmission for the peripheral device OPER1, that is to say with the transmission protocol.
  • the PMM firmware module of the CMI1 motherboard does not take care of verifying any consistency between the frames transmitted and the protocol and format used. This is the exclusive responsibility of the PMF1 firmware module. On the other hand, its role is to transmit the information coming from the daughter cards whose consistency and formats have been checked, to the central processing unit CPU.
  • This loading comprises on the one hand an initialization phase and on the other hand a sequence of six successive phases which make it possible to load the firmware modules such as PMF1, PMF2, etc.
  • the monitor is a firmware for assisting in the development of the other programs making it possible to view, modify the SRAM memory and the microprocessor registers, stop the execution of a program at a chosen address and revive it.
  • the monitor firmware there is practically no intervention of the monitor program.
  • the monitor does not therefore organize the work during application but it is content with a role of monitoring the execution of the various tasks of the PMAS program, namely NY, PMM and PMF1.
  • This loading therefore comprises six successive phases which are as follows:
  • Phase P1 this phase is that of the preparation of the host structure to receive the PMF1 firmware: it essentially consists in preparing the RAMI memory area which will receive the PMF1 firmware; This amounts to resetting the memory location that will receive the PMF1 firmware and to indicate the addresses that will be assigned to this program.
  • Phase P2 this is the test for the presence and proper functioning of the CFI1 daughter card. This test ensures that the CFI1 daughter card is physically connected to the motherboard and that the daughter card works properly. This is ensured by a special bit which is present at the level of the INI1 interface and whose value indicates whether the daughter card is functioning correctly. There may also be another signal that indicates that the OPER1 device is actually connected and that it can implement the specific application. This bit sent to the MIPI microprocessor is interpreted by the latter. If its value is correct, we pass to the following operation P3. If, on the contrary, its value is not correct, we go directly to loading the firmware of the CFI2 card.
  • Phase P3 this is the verification of the content of the memory MPFI1 of the daughter card CFI1.
  • the first bits of the memory area where the microinstructions of the firmware contained in the CFI1 daughter card are written are analyzed. These first bits indicate for example the name of the PMF1 firmware module, which makes it possible to identify what type of application program it is a question of implementing, the dates of writing of the firmware and of its last update. , the size of the PMF1 module, the number of translation parameters of it. In addition, it should be checked whether these are present.
  • the translating parameters relocating parameters, in English
  • the firmware contained in the daughter card to this RAM, by modifying the digital addresses accordingly.
  • the translation parameters therefore consist of a label indicating a name, which is that of the microinstruction and an address which is the address j where this microinstruction is contained in the memory MPFI1 of the daughter card CFI1.
  • These translation parameters say: at such address j of the memory MPFI1, it will be necessary to change the value of the address j into a value j + k in the random access memory MVI.
  • the value to add to k is indicated by a microinstruction contained in the core NY.
  • the verification of the content of the memory MPFI1 consists in reading at the start of the memory area where the program PMF1 is written a series of bits which indicate that the memory MPFI1 is already written. If this verification proves positive, we then go to the next phase P4, if not, we go directly to loading the firmware of the CFI2 card.
  • Phase P4 This phase consists in transferring the PMF1 firmware in the RAM memory MVI to the addresses provided in phase P1. We then go to the next phase P5.
  • Phase P5 This phase consists in adapting the addresses of the connections of the daughter-card firmware and those of the variables that are contained in this firmware to the new addresses for loading into MVI RAM.
  • the MIPI microprocessor comes to read the translation parameters and for each of them adds to the address j which is indicated the quantity k which is the value to be added to the address j to have the new address j + k where the corresponding microinstruction will be in RAMI memory.
  • the operation P5 therefore makes it possible to make the firmware which has been transferred from the read-only memory MPFI1 to the random-access memory MVI of the motherboard CMI licit executable in MVI RAM. As soon as the operation P5 is finished, we pass to the next operation P6.
  • Phase P6 The PMAS firmware is ready to be executed. This execution takes place at the time chosen by the central processing unit CPU of the computer when the latter is ready to execute the application program implemented by the peripheral organ OPER1. As soon as the firmware has been executed, the next step is to load into memory MVI the firmware PMF2 of the daughter card CFI2, or any other similar daughter card.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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EP90401025A 1989-04-17 1990-04-13 Multifunktionskoppler zwischen einer zentralen Verarbeitungseinheit eines Rechners und verschiedenen Peripheriegeräten dieses Rechners Expired - Lifetime EP0394114B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8905065A FR2645989A1 (fr) 1989-04-17 1989-04-17 Coupleur multifonctions entre une unite centrale d'ordinateur et les differents organes peripheriques de ce dernier
FR8905065 1989-04-17

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EP0394114A1 true EP0394114A1 (de) 1990-10-24
EP0394114B1 EP0394114B1 (de) 1996-07-17

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EP90401025A Expired - Lifetime EP0394114B1 (de) 1989-04-17 1990-04-13 Multifunktionskoppler zwischen einer zentralen Verarbeitungseinheit eines Rechners und verschiedenen Peripheriegeräten dieses Rechners

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US (1) US5274765A (de)
EP (1) EP0394114B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0638248B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69027806T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2645989A1 (de)

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EP0505764A2 (de) * 1991-03-04 1992-09-30 Hewlett-Packard Company Modulare Schnittstelle
FR2696024A1 (fr) * 1992-09-24 1994-03-25 Sextant Avionique Procédé et dispositif modulaire permettant le couplage et le multiplexage de bus de différents types.
EP0718776A2 (de) * 1990-12-12 1996-06-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Elektronisches Gerät mit Verbindungsmitteln
WO1999059073A2 (en) * 1998-05-11 1999-11-18 Digital Harmony Technologies, L.L.C. Method and system for providing an appliance user interface
USRE36769E (en) * 1991-04-30 2000-07-11 Fujitsu Limited Card type input/output interface device and electronic device using the same
US6948006B1 (en) 1990-12-12 2005-09-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Host system that provides device driver for connected external peripheral if device driver type is available or device driver is downloaded from memory of external peripheral to host system

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JP3487559B2 (ja) * 1993-06-29 2004-01-19 キヤノン株式会社 複合制御装置および複合制御装置の制御方法
US6851042B1 (en) * 1993-07-19 2005-02-01 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Audio, fax and modem capabilities with a digital signal processor of a sound card of a computer system
US5887145A (en) * 1993-09-01 1999-03-23 Sandisk Corporation Removable mother/daughter peripheral card
US7137011B1 (en) * 1993-09-01 2006-11-14 Sandisk Corporation Removable mother/daughter peripheral card
US5781747A (en) * 1995-11-14 1998-07-14 Mesa Ridge Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for extending the signal path of a peripheral component interconnect bus to a remote location
DE19726826A1 (de) * 1997-06-24 1999-01-07 Siemens Ag Modulares Gerät
KR100257046B1 (ko) * 1998-03-03 2000-05-15 윤종용 인터페이스 기능 전환을 위한 지능형 입/출력 제어기
US6968405B1 (en) * 1998-07-24 2005-11-22 Aristocrat Leisure Industries Pty Limited Input/Output Interface and device abstraction
JP2001022680A (ja) * 1999-07-06 2001-01-26 Seiko Epson Corp コンピュータ周辺機器
US7047338B1 (en) * 2000-07-18 2006-05-16 Igt Configurable hot-swap communication
US7212961B2 (en) * 2002-08-30 2007-05-01 Lsi Logic Corporation Interface for rapid prototyping system
US7299427B2 (en) * 2002-08-30 2007-11-20 Lsi Corporation Radio prototyping system
US20040153301A1 (en) * 2003-02-03 2004-08-05 Daniel Isaacs Integrated circuit development methodology
US7184916B2 (en) * 2003-05-20 2007-02-27 Cray Inc. Apparatus and method for testing memory cards
US7320100B2 (en) 2003-05-20 2008-01-15 Cray Inc. Apparatus and method for memory with bit swapping on the fly and testing
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Cited By (14)

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US7266618B2 (en) 1990-12-12 2007-09-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Host system that provides device driver for connected external peripheral if device driver type is available or device driver is downloaded from memory of external peripheral to host system
EP0718776A2 (de) * 1990-12-12 1996-06-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Elektronisches Gerät mit Verbindungsmitteln
EP0718777A2 (de) * 1990-12-12 1996-06-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Elektronisches Gerät mit Verbindungsmitteln
EP0718776A3 (de) * 1990-12-12 1997-02-12 Canon Kk Elektronisches Gerät mit Verbindungsmitteln
EP0718777A3 (de) * 1990-12-12 1997-02-12 Canon Kk Elektronisches Gerät mit Verbindungsmitteln
US6948006B1 (en) 1990-12-12 2005-09-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Host system that provides device driver for connected external peripheral if device driver type is available or device driver is downloaded from memory of external peripheral to host system
US6298388B1 (en) * 1990-12-12 2001-10-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic apparatus and method for discriminating whether a first or second card is attached thereto
EP0505764A3 (en) * 1991-03-04 1993-10-20 Hewlett Packard Co Modular interface
EP0505764A2 (de) * 1991-03-04 1992-09-30 Hewlett-Packard Company Modulare Schnittstelle
USRE36769E (en) * 1991-04-30 2000-07-11 Fujitsu Limited Card type input/output interface device and electronic device using the same
EP0589743A1 (de) * 1992-09-24 1994-03-30 Sextant Avionique Modulare Vorrichtung zur Kupplung und zum Multiplexer von verschiedenen Bussen
FR2696024A1 (fr) * 1992-09-24 1994-03-25 Sextant Avionique Procédé et dispositif modulaire permettant le couplage et le multiplexage de bus de différents types.
WO1999059073A3 (en) * 1998-05-11 1999-12-29 Digital Harmony Technologies L Method and system for providing an appliance user interface
WO1999059073A2 (en) * 1998-05-11 1999-11-18 Digital Harmony Technologies, L.L.C. Method and system for providing an appliance user interface

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2645989B1 (de) 1994-08-19
FR2645989A1 (fr) 1990-10-19
DE69027806T2 (de) 1996-11-21
EP0394114B1 (de) 1996-07-17
US5274765A (en) 1993-12-28
JPH0638248B2 (ja) 1994-05-18
DE69027806D1 (de) 1996-08-22
JPH039452A (ja) 1991-01-17

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