EP0393740B1 - Stiff nodal element for timber constructions and three-dimensional timber frames and structures provided with such nodal elements - Google Patents

Stiff nodal element for timber constructions and three-dimensional timber frames and structures provided with such nodal elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0393740B1
EP0393740B1 EP19900200796 EP90200796A EP0393740B1 EP 0393740 B1 EP0393740 B1 EP 0393740B1 EP 19900200796 EP19900200796 EP 19900200796 EP 90200796 A EP90200796 A EP 90200796A EP 0393740 B1 EP0393740 B1 EP 0393740B1
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Prior art keywords
beams
vertical
timber
horizontal
vertical beams
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EP19900200796
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0393740A1 (en
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Frans De Medts
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DE MEDTS, FRANS
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/2672—Connections specially adapted therefor for members formed from a number of parallel sections

Definitions

  • connection of wooden beams for the execution of wooden structures consisting of two construction elements, which extend perpendicular to each other.
  • Each building element is formed by a certain number of elements or bars, grouped in the form of a square or a rectangle, with a certain clearance between the different elements, which are connected together by means of metal rods.
  • the connection between two of these construction elements or members can be effected by threading the elements of which one of the members is made in the free spaces reserved between the elements of the other member, the two members being then joined by means of metal rods, which are chased through elements of the two frames.
  • Such a connection has the capacity to absorb moments because each beam has at least 2 fixed connection points, whose horizontal and vertical projections on planes which cut the beam in the longitudinal or transverse direction, are find at a certain distance from each other.
  • each beam is capable of absorbing horizontal and vertical moments located on planes which cut the beam in the longitudinal or transverse direction, as well as each composition of such horizontal or vertical moments.
  • This known principle is illustrated in Figure 1 in the appendix.
  • the use of rigid knots gives the advantage that horizontal and diagonal crosspieces are not, or much less necessary than for traditional wooden structures.
  • the object of the invention was to provide a connection of horizontal and vertical wooden beams, by the execution of wooden structures carried out in rigid knot, so that the necessary material is reduced, without reducing the rigidity of the connection, and so that the connection gives the necessary resistance to a wooden structure, and is simplified.
  • Wood has good resistance to normal forces, but has little resistance to shear forces.
  • the object of the invention is a connection of horizontal and vertical wooden beams for the execution of wooden structures, characterized in that this connection is composed, on the one hand, of only four parallel vertical beams, placed two by two at a certain distance, so that the space delimited by these beams forms a composite beam, and, on the other hand, of only two horizontal beams linked in the shape of a cross, perpendicularly to each other or at a distance one above the other with the crossed in the free space between the four vertical beams while each of the horizontal beams extends between the vertical beams, so that two vertical beams are on each side of each horizontal beam and each vertical beam is mechanically linked with the two horizontal beams.
  • the object of the invention is also a wooden structure, or this way of connection is used.
  • the advantage of the invention lies in the fact that a wooden structure can be formed with the same non-deformability, rigidity, stability and load capacity, as such a known construction, but with fewer materials, and of a simpler, easier and faster way.
  • connection according to the invention and of the wooden frame structures will be clearer after the description below of a possible way of performing a connection, according to the invention.
  • invention and a three-dimensional wooden frame structure using this connection without limiting the invention to this embodiment.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the known principle of the rigid knot, by means of a perspective representation of the rigid knot made with three beams which intersect perpendicularly, on three different planes located in space and mutually linked.
  • Figure 2a is a perspective representation of a possible embodiment of a connection according to the invention where the different beams are directly in mutual contact.
  • FIG. 2b is a perspective representation of another possible embodiment of a connection according to the invention where the different beams are not directly in mutual contact.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective representation of a three-dimensional wooden frame structure, using links, according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a top view of part of a wooden frame structure according to the invention, as an illustration of an application of such wooden frame structures for the support of external walls and interior.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective representation of a small folding frame in two dimensions, as easily transportable base for the construction of a connection, according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2a For a possible embodiment of a beam connection according to the invention, shown in FIG. 2a, there are four beams (1) placed parallel to a certain mutual distance a and a ', so that the space surrounded by the beams forms a composite beam with a length and a width respectively equal to: a + c + d where c and d are equal to the widths of the beams (1) placed at a distance from one another, and à a '+ c' + d 'or c' and d 'are equal to the widths of the beams (1) placed at a distance from one another.
  • the widths b and b 'roughly correspond to the distances a and a' mentioned above, and located on a plane which is perpendicular to the other beams (1), so that the 2 beams (2) and (3), placed perpendicularly one on the other in the shape of a cross, are each pendulum on the 2 sides of the beam composed by the beams (1), with the cross in the free space between the four beams (1), so that the upper plane of the upper beam cross-shaped (3) corresponds to (in figure 2a ignore the parts of the beams (1) drawn in dotted lines continuing upwards) or is below (in figure 2a take into account the parts of beams (1) drawn in dotted lines continuing upwards) from the plane formed by one end of each of the four parallel beams (1).
  • the beams are positioned according to the same principle, with the difference that the distances a and a 'between the beams (1 ) are much larger than the respective widths b and b 'of the beams (2) and (3) placed perpendicularly in the shape of a cross, and that these two beams are not located one on the other, but at a certain distance one above the other, in the shape of a cross, so that none of the six beams is in direct contact with one or more of the other beams, as is the case for the embodiment , illustrated in Figure 2a.
  • the beams (1), (2) and (3) can be linked together as follows.
  • the 2 cross beams (2) and (3) are joined by means of a tapped screw, a bolt and a nut, or any other means of connection.
  • the screw is threaded into a hole primed through the center (4) of the cross of these beams according to FIG. 2a, and along the axis (12) in FIG. 2b.
  • the connection between the four parallel beams (1) and the cross-shaped beams (2) and (3) is carried out by means of bolts and nuts, or any other connecting means.
  • Two bolts are applied at the positions indicated by (5) in Figure 2a and along the axes (13) in Figure 2b, parallel to each other, perpendicular to the direction of the lower beam crossing (2), in such a way that a bolt is provided between two of the parallel beams (1) and the crossing lower beam (2).
  • Two bolts are also applied at the positions indicated by (6), in FIG. 2a along the axes (14) in FIG. 2b, parallel to each other, perpendicular to the direction of the crossing upper beam (3), so that, by bolt, a connection is provided between two of the parallel beams (1) and the crossing upper beam (3).
  • These four bolts are inserted like a pin into a primed hole with a diameter a little smaller than the bolt itself. Finally, we apply the four nuts.
  • a three-dimensional wooden frame structure, with connections, according to the invention, represented in FIG. 3, is produced by means of a number of connections, the embodiment of which according to FIG. 2a or 2b in three dimensions is combined as follows.
  • the wooden frame structure receives its horizontal dimensions, width and depth, by the fact that two or more connections, according to Figures 2a or 2b are built next to each other, but at such a distance one on the other that one of the two beams (2) or (3) of Figures 2a or 2b placed in the shape of a cross is common to all the connections lying in the same vertical plane, or that these two beams, for two connections neighboring, are linked together so as to form a rigid whole and can be considered as a single beam.
  • the wooden frame structure obtains its vertical dimension, by the fact that two or more connections, according to Figures 2a or 2b, are constructed one above the other so that, for all the connections that are perpendicularly one above the other, the four parallel and vertical beams (1) of Figures 2a or 2b, are common, or that these beams, for two connections located one above the other, are mutually linked so as to form a single rigid assembly, and can be considered as a single beam.
  • a three-dimensional wooden space frame is obtained, according to the invention, an embodiment of which has been shown in FIG. 3.
  • the wooden frame structures according to the invention are mainly applied in the building industry, but they also offer other possibilities such as the production of walls lined with cupboards, furniture, toys, etc. ...
  • the structures are particularly suitable for the building industry thanks to the specific characteristic of each link which, in itself, is capable of absorbing moments, which gives the construction undeformability, rigidity, stability and load-bearing capacity, by the very technique of linking the structure of the wooden frame. It follows that by the use of the structure of a wooden frame according to the invention, the reinforcements below and above the bays, above the doors and gates and below the chrevrons, do not are not or much less necessary than for traditional wooden frame structures.
  • An application of a connection according to the invention, in combination with a chevron (15) has been illustrated in dotted lines in FIG. 2a.
  • the three-dimensional wooden frame structure according to the invention can be transported in spare parts to the site, in the form of a kind of kit.
  • Another possibility, illustrated in FIG. 6, is the manufacture of small two-dimensional chassis, foldable thanks to the character of the structure, provided that it is two-dimensional and to add a third dimension on the site.
  • the construction is light and requires little unskilled labor to erect it; foundations can be laid lightly. It is possible to dismantle at any time the structure of a wooden frame erected according to the invention. All of this makes wooden frame structures very attractive to DIY enthusiasts.
  • the possibility of quickly erecting a stable three-dimensional wooden frame structure of the complete building has the additional advantage that when the weather is bad, the structure can be used as a support for tarpaulins, panels or other covers to provide temporary protection. of the building under construction.
  • the structure can be completed quickly with the facade trim and the interior walls, insulated and provided with cupboards, pipes and hoses which, as regards the floor, the walls or the ceiling, can be placed continuously.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a view from above of a part of the wooden frame structure supporting a vertical wall according to the invention and according to FIG. 2.
  • the interior wall (7) is applied along the interior side of a series of straight legs (9) of four vertical beams (1) whose axes of symmetry (10 ' ) are in a single vertical plane (11 '), and the outer wall along the outer side of another series of straight legs (9) of four vertical beams (1) whose axes of symmetry (10) are are in another vertical plane (11), parallel to the vertical plane (11 ') and at a hundred distance.
  • the finishing layers are applied against these walls (7) and (8).
  • the thickness of the wooden frame structure that supports the wall is equal to 2.a '+ 2.c' + 2.d 'and e (or 2a + 2c + 2d + e if the straight legs (9) are part a vertical support structure located perpendicular to that drawn in Figure 5).
  • the beams (2) and / or (3) can be placed or sawn in such a way that they do not interfere with the functionality of the construction, provided that the characteristics of the connection, according to the invention, do not are not lost.
  • Figure 3 shows how one can thus obtain a free recess of the structure.
  • the advantage of the structure of the three-dimensional wooden frame, according to the invention is to be able to achieve a stable construction quickly, inexpensively and rationally, with very great utility, while a free architecture remains guaranteed and that in addition we offer an answer to the phenomenon known as "support-embedding".

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Description

C'est bien connu que l'emploi des structures de charpente en bois dans l'industrie du bâtiment donne bien des avantages. Ces avantages mettent l'accent sur la simplicité et la vitesse dont ces structures de charpente peuvent être dressées, et dans certains cas sur leur légèreté et leur facilité de transport, ce qui fait qu'elles peuvent être réalisées par un minimum de personnes non spécialisées. Il s'agit alors toujours de structures de liaison telles quelles, où les structures obtiennent leur rigidité et leur résistance mécanique grâce à leur ensemble. Par conséquent, dans ces cas, il faut presque toujours utiliser des traverses horizontales et diagonales pour répartir et absorber les forces et moments apparaissants et pour donner suffisamment de capacité de charge à la construction.It is well known that the use of wooden frame structures in the building industry gives many advantages. These advantages emphasize the simplicity and the speed with which these structural structures can be erected, and in certain cases their lightness and their ease of transport, which means that they can be carried out by a minimum of unskilled persons. . It is then always a question of connecting structures as such, where the structures obtain their rigidity and their mechanical resistance thanks to their assembly. Consequently, in these cases, it is almost always necessary to use horizontal and diagonal crosspieces to distribute and absorb the forces and moments appearing and to give sufficient load capacity to the construction.

Par conséquent, pour de telles constructions, on a besoin d'un grand nombre et d'une grande diversité d'éléments de construction, ce qui fait monter le prix d'achat et enlever la simplicité souhaitable de la construction.Therefore, for such constructions, there is a need for a large number and variety of construction elements, which drives up the purchase price and takes away the desirable simplicity of construction.

Dans les constructions en bois, on a cherché à atteindre une réduction du poids des éléments de contruction, en employant des membrures, par exemple, selon le document FR-A-413 672.In wooden constructions, attempts have been made to achieve a reduction in the weight of the construction elements, by using members, for example, according to document FR-A-413 672.

Le document FR-A-413672 décrit une liaison de poutres en bois pour l'exécution de structures en bois, cette liaison étant constituée de deux éléments de construction, qui s'étendent perpendiculairement l'une à l'autre. Chaque élément de construction est formé d'un certain nombre d'éléments ou barres, groupés en forme de carré ou de rectangle, avec un certain jeu entre les différents éléments, qui sont reliés entre eux au moyen de tiges métalliques. La liaison entre deux de ces éléments de construction ou membrures peut s'effectuer en enfilant les éléments dont se compose l'une des membrures dans les espaces libres réservés entre les éléments de l'autre membrure, les deux membrures étant ensuite réunies au moyen de tiges de métal, qu'on chasse à travers des éléments des deux membrures.The document FR-A-413672 describes a connection of wooden beams for the execution of wooden structures, this connection consisting of two construction elements, which extend perpendicular to each other. Each building element is formed by a certain number of elements or bars, grouped in the form of a square or a rectangle, with a certain clearance between the different elements, which are connected together by means of metal rods. The connection between two of these construction elements or members can be effected by threading the elements of which one of the members is made in the free spaces reserved between the elements of the other member, the two members being then joined by means of metal rods, which are chased through elements of the two frames.

Une telle liaison (un noeud rigide) a la capacité d'absorber des moments parce que chaque poutre obient au moins 2 points de liaison fixes, dont les projections horizontales et verticales sur des plans qui coupent la poutre dans le sens longitudinal ou transversal, se trouvent à une certaine distance l'une de l'autre. Ainsi, chaque poutre est capable d'absorber des moments horizontaux et verticaux situés sur des plans qui coupent la poutre dans le sens longitudinal ou transversal, de même que chaque composition de tels moments horizontaux ou verticaux. Ce principe connu est illustré par la figure 1 en annexe. L'emploi de noeuds rigides donne l'avantage que les traverses horizontales et diagonales ne sont pas, ou beaucoup moins nécessaires que pour les structures en bois traditionnelles.Such a connection (a rigid knot) has the capacity to absorb moments because each beam has at least 2 fixed connection points, whose horizontal and vertical projections on planes which cut the beam in the longitudinal or transverse direction, are find at a certain distance from each other. Thus, each beam is capable of absorbing horizontal and vertical moments located on planes which cut the beam in the longitudinal or transverse direction, as well as each composition of such horizontal or vertical moments. This known principle is illustrated in Figure 1 in the appendix. The use of rigid knots gives the advantage that horizontal and diagonal crosspieces are not, or much less necessary than for traditional wooden structures.

En prenant des mesures pour simplifiér ou pour réduire le poids de ces structures, on n'a jamais fait aucune différence entre les éléments horizontales et les éléments verticales, au point de vue de la résistance nécessaire aux charges de la construction.By taking measures to simplify or reduce the weight of these structures, no difference has ever been made between the horizontal elements and the vertical elements, from the point of view of the resistance necessary to the loads of the construction.

Le but de l'invention a été de réaliser une liaison de poutres horizontales et verticales en bois, par l'exécution de structures en bois effectuée en noeud rigide, de façon à ce que le matériel nécessaire soit réduit, sans qu'on réduit la rigidité de la liaison, et de façon à ce que la liaison donne la résistance nécessaire à une structure en bois, et soit simplifiée.The object of the invention was to provide a connection of horizontal and vertical wooden beams, by the execution of wooden structures carried out in rigid knot, so that the necessary material is reduced, without reducing the rigidity of the connection, and so that the connection gives the necessary resistance to a wooden structure, and is simplified.

D'une analyse des forces dans les éléments de construction dans une structure en bois, assemblée au moyen de noeuds rigides, résulte que les moments de flexion, ainsi que les forces de cisaillement, sont plus grandes dans les éléments verticales, que dans les éléments horizontales de la construction.From an analysis of the forces in the elements of construction in a wooden structure, assembled by means of rigid knots, results that the bending moments, as well as the shearing forces, are greater in the vertical elements, than in the horizontal elements of the construction.

Le bois a une bonne résistance aux forces normales, mais n'a qu'une faible résistance aux forces de cisaillement.Wood has good resistance to normal forces, but has little resistance to shear forces.

Par conséquent, quand on emploie des noeuds rigides dans une structure en bois, ce sont les éléments de construction verticales qui se trouvent dans les conditions les plus défavorables, en ce qui concerne leur charge.
De ce qui précède découle que l'emploie d'éléments de construction, composées de plusieurs poutres, est beaucoup plus nécessaire dans les éléments verticales, que dans les éléments horizontales, de cette structure. Puisque les forces auxquelles le bois a le moins de résistance, sont les plus grandes dans ces éléments verticales, on a intérêt à partager ces forces entre plusieurs poutres, de façon à ce que ces forces soient réduites dans chaque poutre individuelle. Les forces auxquelles le bois a le moins de résistance, sont moins grandes dans les éléments horizontales, et l'emploie de poutres simples est suffisant pour résister aux forces.Consequently, when rigid knots are used in a wooden structure, it is the vertical construction elements which are in the most unfavorable conditions, as regards their load.
From the above it follows that the use of construction elements, composed of several beams, is much more necessary in the vertical elements, than in the horizontal elements, of this structure. Since the forces to which the wood has the least resistance, are the greatest in these vertical elements, it is advantageous to share these forces between several beams, so that these forces are reduced in each individual beam. The forces to which the wood has the least resistance, are less in the horizontal elements, and the use of simple beams is sufficient to resist the forces.

L'objet de l'invention est une liaison de poutres horizontales et verticales en bois pour l'exécution de structures en bois, charactérisée en ce que cette liaison est composée, d'une part, de seulement quatre poutres verticales parallèles, placées deux par deux à une certaine distance, de façon à ce que l'espace délimité par ces poutres forme une poutre composée, et, d'autre part, de seulement deux poutres horizontales liées en forme de croix, perpendiculairement l'une sur l'autre ou à une certaine distance l'une au-dessus de l'autre avec la croisée dans l'espace libre entre les quatre poutres verticales tandis que chacune des poutres horizontales s'étend entre les poutres verticales, de manière à ce que deux poutres verticales se trouvent de chaque côté de chaque poutre horizontale et que chaque poutre verticale est liée mécaniquement avec les deux poutres horizontales.The object of the invention is a connection of horizontal and vertical wooden beams for the execution of wooden structures, characterized in that this connection is composed, on the one hand, of only four parallel vertical beams, placed two by two at a certain distance, so that the space delimited by these beams forms a composite beam, and, on the other hand, of only two horizontal beams linked in the shape of a cross, perpendicularly to each other or at a distance one above the other with the crossed in the free space between the four vertical beams while each of the horizontal beams extends between the vertical beams, so that two vertical beams are on each side of each horizontal beam and each vertical beam is mechanically linked with the two horizontal beams.

L'objet de l'invention est également une structure en bois, ou l'on utilise cette manière de liaison.The object of the invention is also a wooden structure, or this way of connection is used.

L'avantage de l'invention se trouve dans le fait qu'on peut former une structure en bois avec la même indéformabilité, rigidité, stabilité et capacité de charge, qu'une telle construction connue, mais avec moins de matériaux, et d'une manière plus simple, plus facile et plus rapide.The advantage of the invention lies in the fact that a wooden structure can be formed with the same non-deformability, rigidity, stability and load capacity, as such a known construction, but with fewer materials, and of a simpler, easier and faster way.

Les autres caractéristiques, possibilités d'application et avantages pratiques de la liaison selon l'invention et des structures de charpente en bois, seront plus clairs après la description ci-après d'une manière d'exécution possible d'une liaison, selon l'invention et d'une structure de charpente en bois tridimensionnelle en utilisant cette liaison, sans pour cela limiter l'invention à cette forme d'exécution. Ces descriptions sont illustrées par les figures 2 à 6 en annexe.The other characteristics, possibilities of application and practical advantages of the connection according to the invention and of the wooden frame structures will be clearer after the description below of a possible way of performing a connection, according to the invention. invention and a three-dimensional wooden frame structure using this connection, without limiting the invention to this embodiment. These descriptions are illustrated by Figures 2 to 6 in the appendix.

La figure 1 illustre le principe connu du noeud rigide, au moyen d'une représentation en perspective du noeud rigide fait avec trois poutres qui s'entrecroisent perpendiculairement, sur trois plans différents situés dans l'espace et liées mutuellement.Figure 1 illustrates the known principle of the rigid knot, by means of a perspective representation of the rigid knot made with three beams which intersect perpendicularly, on three different planes located in space and mutually linked.

La figure 2a est une représentation perspective d'une forme d'exécution possible d'une liaison selon l'invention où les différentes poutres sont directement en contact mutuel.Figure 2a is a perspective representation of a possible embodiment of a connection according to the invention where the different beams are directly in mutual contact.

La figure 2b est une représentation perspective d'une autre forme d'exécution possible d'une liaison selon l'invention où les différentes poutres ne sont pas directement en contact mutuel.FIG. 2b is a perspective representation of another possible embodiment of a connection according to the invention where the different beams are not directly in mutual contact.

La figure 3 est une représentation en perspective d'une structure de charpente en bois tridimensionnelle, utilisant des liaisons, selon l'invention.Figure 3 is a perspective representation of a three-dimensional wooden frame structure, using links, according to the invention.

Les figures 4 et 5 montrent une vue d'en haut d'une partie d'une structure de charpente en bois selon l'invention, comme illustration d'une application de telles structures de charpente en bois pour l'appui de parois extérieures et intérieures.FIGS. 4 and 5 show a top view of part of a wooden frame structure according to the invention, as an illustration of an application of such wooden frame structures for the support of external walls and interior.

La figure 6 est une représentation en perspective d'une petite charpente pliable à deux dimensions, comme base facilement transportable pour la construction d'une liaison, suivant l'invention.Figure 6 is a perspective representation of a small folding frame in two dimensions, as easily transportable base for the construction of a connection, according to the invention.

Pour une forme d'exécution possible d'une liaison de poutres suivant l'invention, représentée sur la figure 2a, on a quatre poutres (1) placées parallèlement à une certaine distance mutuelle a et a', de telle manière que l'espace entouré par les poutres forme une poutre composée avec une longueur et une largeur respectivement égales à : a + c + d où c et d sont égales aux largeurs des poutres (1) placées à une distance a l'une de l'autre, et à a' + c' + d' ou c' et d' sont égales aux largeurs des poutres (1) placées à une distance à l'une de l'autre. En outre, deux poutres (2) et (3), mises perpendiculairement l'une sur l'autre en forme de croix, dont les largeurs b et b' correspondent à peu près aux distances a et a' mentionnées ci-dessus, et situées sur un plan qui se trouve perpendiculairement aux autres poutres (1), de façon que les 2 poutres (2) et (3), mises perpendiculairement l'une sur l'autre en forme de croix, se trouvent chacune penpendiculaire aux 2 côtés de la poutre composée par les poutres (1), avec la croisée dans l'espace libre entre les quatres poutres (1), de manière à ce que le plan supérieur de la poutre supérieure mise en forme de croix (3) corresponde au (sur la figure 2a ne pas tenir compte des parties des poutres (1) dessinées au pointillé continuant vers le haut) ou se trouve au-dessous (sur la figure 2a bien tenir compte des parties des poutres (1) dessinées au pointillé continuant vers le haut) du plan formé par une des extrémités de chacune des quatre poutres parallèles (1).For a possible embodiment of a beam connection according to the invention, shown in FIG. 2a, there are four beams (1) placed parallel to a certain mutual distance a and a ', so that the space surrounded by the beams forms a composite beam with a length and a width respectively equal to: a + c + d where c and d are equal to the widths of the beams (1) placed at a distance from one another, and à a '+ c' + d 'or c' and d 'are equal to the widths of the beams (1) placed at a distance from one another. In addition, two beams (2) and (3), placed perpendicular to each other in the form of a cross, the widths b and b 'roughly correspond to the distances a and a' mentioned above, and located on a plane which is perpendicular to the other beams (1), so that the 2 beams (2) and (3), placed perpendicularly one on the other in the shape of a cross, are each pendulum on the 2 sides of the beam composed by the beams (1), with the cross in the free space between the four beams (1), so that the upper plane of the upper beam cross-shaped (3) corresponds to (in figure 2a ignore the parts of the beams (1) drawn in dotted lines continuing upwards) or is below (in figure 2a take into account the parts of beams (1) drawn in dotted lines continuing upwards) from the plane formed by one end of each of the four parallel beams (1).

Pour une autre forme d'exécution possible d'une liaison de poutres, suivant l'invention, illustrée par la figure 2b, les poutres sont positionnées suivant le même principe, avec comme différence que les distances a et a' entre les poutres (1) sont beaucoup plus grandes que les largeurs respectives b et b' des poutres (2) et (3) placées perpendiculairement en forme de croix, et que ces deux poutres ne se trouvent pas l'une sur l'autre, mais à une certaine distance l'une au-dessus de l'autre, en forme de croix, de façon qu'aucune des six poutres soit en contact direct avec une ou plusieurs des autres poutres, comme c'est bien le cas pour la forme d'exécution, illustrée par la figure 2a.For another possible embodiment of a beam connection, according to the invention, illustrated in FIG. 2b, the beams are positioned according to the same principle, with the difference that the distances a and a 'between the beams (1 ) are much larger than the respective widths b and b 'of the beams (2) and (3) placed perpendicularly in the shape of a cross, and that these two beams are not located one on the other, but at a certain distance one above the other, in the shape of a cross, so that none of the six beams is in direct contact with one or more of the other beams, as is the case for the embodiment , illustrated in Figure 2a.

Les poutres (1), (2) et (3) peuvent être liées mutuellement de la manière suivante. Les 2 poutres en forme de croix (2) et (3) sont unies au moyen d'une vis taraudée, d'un boulon et un écrou, ou de n'importe quel autre moyen de liaision. La vis est enfilée dans un trou amorcé à travers le centre (4) de la croisée de ces poutres suivant la figre 2a, et suivant l'axe (12) sur la figure 2b. La liaison entre les quatre poutres parallèles (1) et les poutres en forme de croix (2) et (3) est effectuée au moyen de boulons et d'écrous, ou de tout autre moyen de liaison.The beams (1), (2) and (3) can be linked together as follows. The 2 cross beams (2) and (3) are joined by means of a tapped screw, a bolt and a nut, or any other means of connection. The screw is threaded into a hole primed through the center (4) of the cross of these beams according to FIG. 2a, and along the axis (12) in FIG. 2b. The connection between the four parallel beams (1) and the cross-shaped beams (2) and (3) is carried out by means of bolts and nuts, or any other connecting means.

On applique deux boulons aux positions indiquées par (5), sur la figure 2a et suivant les axes (13) sur la figure 2b, parallèlement l'un avec l'autre, perpendiculairement au sens de la poutre inférieure croisante (2), de telle manière qu'on assure, par boulon, une liaison entre deux des poutres parallèles (1), et la poutre inférieure croisante (2). On applique également deux boulons aux positions indiquées par (6), sur la figure 2a suivant les axes (14) sur la figure 2b, parallèlement l'un avec l'autre, perpendiculairement au sens de la poutre supérieure croisante (3), de façon qu'on assure, par boulon une liaison entre deux des poutres parallèles (1) et la poutre supérieure croisante (3). Ces quatre boulons sont enfoncés comme une goupille dans un trou amorcé avec un diamètre un peu plus petit que le boulon même. Finalement, on applique les quatre écrous.Two bolts are applied at the positions indicated by (5) in Figure 2a and along the axes (13) in Figure 2b, parallel to each other, perpendicular to the direction of the lower beam crossing (2), in such a way that a bolt is provided between two of the parallel beams (1) and the crossing lower beam (2). Two bolts are also applied at the positions indicated by (6), in FIG. 2a along the axes (14) in FIG. 2b, parallel to each other, perpendicular to the direction of the crossing upper beam (3), so that, by bolt, a connection is provided between two of the parallel beams (1) and the crossing upper beam (3). These four bolts are inserted like a pin into a primed hole with a diameter a little smaller than the bolt itself. Finally, we apply the four nuts.

Une structure de charpente en bois tridimensionnelle, avec des liaisons, suivant l'invention, représentée sur la figure 3, est réalisée grâce à un nombre de liaisons, dont la forme d'exécution suivant la figure 2a ou 2b en trois dimensions est combinée comme suit.A three-dimensional wooden frame structure, with connections, according to the invention, represented in FIG. 3, is produced by means of a number of connections, the embodiment of which according to FIG. 2a or 2b in three dimensions is combined as follows.

La structure de charpente en bois reçoit ses dimensions horizontales, largeur et profondeur, par le fait que deux ou plusieurs liaisons, suivant les figures 2a ou 2b sont construites l'un à côté de l'autre, mais à une telle distance l'une de l'autre qu'une des deux poutres (2) ou (3) des figures 2a ou 2b placée en forme de croix soit commune à tous les liaisons se trouvant dans un même plan vertical, ou que ces deux poutres, pour deux liaisons voisines, soient liées entre elles de manière à former un ensemble rigide et puissent être considérées comme une seule poutre.The wooden frame structure receives its horizontal dimensions, width and depth, by the fact that two or more connections, according to Figures 2a or 2b are built next to each other, but at such a distance one on the other that one of the two beams (2) or (3) of Figures 2a or 2b placed in the shape of a cross is common to all the connections lying in the same vertical plane, or that these two beams, for two connections neighboring, are linked together so as to form a rigid whole and can be considered as a single beam.

La structure de charpente en bois obtient sa dimension verticale, par le fait que deux ou plusieurs liaisons, suivant les figures 2a ou 2b, sont contruites l'une au-dessus de l'autre de façon que, pour tous les liaisons qui se trouvent perpendiculairement l'une au-dessus de l'autre, les quatres poutres parallèles et verticales (1) des figures 2a ou 2b, soient communes, ou que ces poutres, pour deux liaions situées l'une au-dessus de l'autre, soient liées mutuellement de façon à former un seul ensemble rigide, et puissent être considérées comme une seule poutre. De cette manière, on obtient un châssis spatial tridimensionnel en bois, suivant l'invention, dont on a représenté une forme d'exécution à la figure 3.The wooden frame structure obtains its vertical dimension, by the fact that two or more connections, according to Figures 2a or 2b, are constructed one above the other so that, for all the connections that are perpendicularly one above the other, the four parallel and vertical beams (1) of Figures 2a or 2b, are common, or that these beams, for two connections located one above the other, are mutually linked so as to form a single rigid assembly, and can be considered as a single beam. In this way, a three-dimensional wooden space frame is obtained, according to the invention, an embodiment of which has been shown in FIG. 3.

Les structures de charpente de bois, suivant l'invention, sont surtout mises en application dans l'industrie du bâtiment, mais elles offrent en outre d'autres possibilités comme la réalisation de parois garnies de placards, de meubles, de jouets, etc.... Les structures sont particulièrement appropriées à l'industrie du bâtiment grâce à la caractéristique spécifique de chaque liaison qui, en soi, est capable d'absorber des moments, ce qui donne à la construction de l'indéformabilité, de la rigidité, de la stabilité et de la capacité de charge, par la technique de liaison même de la structure de la charpente en bois. Il en résulte que par l'emploi de la structure d'une charpente en bois suivant l'invention, les renforts au-dessous et au-dessus des baies, au-dessus des portes et des portails et au-dessous des chrevrons, ne sont pas ou beaucoup moins nécessaires que pour les structures de charpente en bois traditionnelles. Une application d'une liaison suivant l'invention, en combinaison avec un chevron (15) a été illustrée en pointillé sur la figure 2a.The wooden frame structures according to the invention are mainly applied in the building industry, but they also offer other possibilities such as the production of walls lined with cupboards, furniture, toys, etc. ... The structures are particularly suitable for the building industry thanks to the specific characteristic of each link which, in itself, is capable of absorbing moments, which gives the construction undeformability, rigidity, stability and load-bearing capacity, by the very technique of linking the structure of the wooden frame. It follows that by the use of the structure of a wooden frame according to the invention, the reinforcements below and above the bays, above the doors and gates and below the chrevrons, do not are not or much less necessary than for traditional wooden frame structures. An application of a connection according to the invention, in combination with a chevron (15) has been illustrated in dotted lines in FIG. 2a.

La structure de charpente en bois tridimensionnelle, suivant l'invention, peut être transportée en pièces détachées vers le chantier, sous forme d'une sorte de kit. Une autre possibilité, illustrée par la figure 6, est la fabrication de petits châssis en deux dimensions, pliables grâce au caractère de la structure, pour autant qu'elle soit en deux dimensions et d'ajouter une troisième dimension sur le chantier. Quand on fait des trous amorcés dans les poutres il est possible de réaliser un mesurage parfait sur le chantier, ce qui favorise la précision et la simplicité de la construction.The three-dimensional wooden frame structure according to the invention can be transported in spare parts to the site, in the form of a kind of kit. Another possibility, illustrated in FIG. 6, is the manufacture of small two-dimensional chassis, foldable thanks to the character of the structure, provided that it is two-dimensional and to add a third dimension on the site. When you make primed holes in the beams it is possible to make a perfect measurement on the site, which promotes precision and simplicity of construction.

La construction est légère et ne nécessite que peu de main-d'oeuvre non spécialisée pour la dresser; les fondations peuvent être exécutées légèrement. Il est possible de démonter à tout moment la structure d'une charpente en bois dressée suivant l'invention. Tout cela rend les structures de charpente en bois très attirantes pour les bricoleurs.The construction is light and requires little unskilled labor to erect it; foundations can be laid lightly. It is possible to dismantle at any time the structure of a wooden frame erected according to the invention. All of this makes wooden frame structures very attractive to DIY enthusiasts.

La possibilité de dresser très vite une structure de charpente en bois tridimensionnelle stabile du bâtiment complet a comme avantage supplémentaire, que quand il fait mauvais, on peut employer la structure comme support de bâches, de panneaux ou d'autres couvertures pour assurer la protection provisoire du bâtiment en construction.The possibility of quickly erecting a stable three-dimensional wooden frame structure of the complete building has the additional advantage that when the weather is bad, the structure can be used as a support for tarpaulins, panels or other covers to provide temporary protection. of the building under construction.

Une fois la structure construite, elle peut être terminée rapidement avec la garniture de façade et les parois intérieures, isolée et pourvue de placards, de conduites et de tuyaux qui, tant en ce qui concerne le sol, les parois ou le plafond, peuvent être placés de façon continue.Once the structure is constructed, it can be completed quickly with the facade trim and the interior walls, insulated and provided with cupboards, pipes and hoses which, as regards the floor, the walls or the ceiling, can be placed continuously.

Pour ce qui concerne l'application des parois intérieures et extérieures, il y a deux possibilités. Cette explication est illustrée par les figures 3, 4 et 5 en annexe. Les figures 4 et 5 montrent une vue d'en haut d'une partie de la structure de charpente en bois soutenant une paroi verticale suivant l'invention et suivant la figure 2.Regarding the application of interior and exterior walls, there are two possibilities. This explanation is illustrated by Figures 3, 4 and 5 in the appendix. FIGS. 4 and 5 show a view from above of a part of the wooden frame structure supporting a vertical wall according to the invention and according to FIG. 2.

Ou bien on applique suivant la figure 3 et la figure 4 la paroi intérieure (7) et la paroi extérieure (8) le long des deux côtés d'une série de pieds-droits (9) de quatre poutres verticales (1) dont les axes de symétrie (10) se trouvent dans un seul plan vertical (11). Ensuite on applique les couches de finition contre ces parois (7) et (8).Or one applies according to Figure 3 and Figure 4 the inner wall (7) and the outer wall (8) along both sides of a series of straight legs (9) of four vertical beams (1) whose axes of symmetry (10) lie in a single vertical plane (11). Then apply the finishing layers against these walls (7) and (8).

L'épaisseur de cette structure de charpente en bois qui soutient la paroi égale a' + c' + d' (ou a + c + d, si les pieds-droits (9) font partie d'une structure d'appui verticale, placée perpendiculairement à celle dessinée sur la figure 4).The thickness of this frame structure in wood that supports the wall equal to '+ c' + d '(or a + c + d, if the right feet (9) are part of a vertical support structure, placed perpendicular to that drawn in Figure 4 ).

Plus spécifiquement, si toutes les poutres ont une section carrée avec un côté de 5 cm., l'épaisseur totale de la structure de charpente de bois soutenant les parois est de 15 cm. + une petite marge.More specifically, if all the beams have a square section with a side of 5 cm., The total thickness of the wooden frame structure supporting the walls is 15 cm. + a small margin.

Ou bien suivant la figure 3 et la figure 5, on applique la paroi intérieure (7) le long du côté intérieur d'une série de pieds-droits (9) de quatre poutres verticales (1) dont les axes de symétrie (10') se trouvent dans un seul plan vertical (11'), et la paroi extérieure le long du côté extérieur d'une autre série de pieds-droits (9) de quatre poutres verticales (1) dont les axes de symétrie (10) se trouvent dans un autre plan vertical (11), parallèlement au plan vertical (11') et à une centaine distance. Finalement on applique les couches de finition contre ces parois (7) et (8).Or according to FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, the interior wall (7) is applied along the interior side of a series of straight legs (9) of four vertical beams (1) whose axes of symmetry (10 ' ) are in a single vertical plane (11 '), and the outer wall along the outer side of another series of straight legs (9) of four vertical beams (1) whose axes of symmetry (10) are are in another vertical plane (11), parallel to the vertical plane (11 ') and at a hundred distance. Finally, the finishing layers are applied against these walls (7) and (8).

L'épaisseur de la structure de charpente en bois qui soutient la paroi égale 2.a' + 2.c' + 2.d' et e (ou 2a + 2c + 2d + e si les pieds-droits (9) font partie d'une structure d'appui verticale située perpendiculairement à celle dessinée sur la figure 5).The thickness of the wooden frame structure that supports the wall is equal to 2.a '+ 2.c' + 2.d 'and e (or 2a + 2c + 2d + e if the straight legs (9) are part a vertical support structure located perpendicular to that drawn in Figure 5).

Plus spécifiquement, si toutes les poutres ont une section carrée avec un côté de 5 cm., l'épaisseur totale de la structure de charpente en bois soutenant les parois est de 30 cm. + e + une petite marge.More specifically, if all the beams have a square section with a side of 5 cm., The total thickness of the wooden frame structure supporting the walls is 30 cm. + e + a small margin.

Il est évident que les poutres (2) et/ou (3) peuvent être placées ou sciées de telle façon qu'elles ne gênent pas la fonctionnalité de la contruction, pour autant que les caractéristiques de la liaison, suivant l'invention, ne soient pas perdues.It is obvious that the beams (2) and / or (3) can be placed or sawn in such a way that they do not interfere with the functionality of the construction, provided that the characteristics of the connection, according to the invention, do not are not lost.

La figure 3 montre comment on peut obtenir ainsi un évidement libre de la structure.Figure 3 shows how one can thus obtain a free recess of the structure.

Il est clair que les poutres employées peuvent être appliquées dans toutes les formes et sections possibles, suivant la portée et la fonction spécifique.It is clear that the beams used can be applied in all possible shapes and sections, depending on the span and the specific function.

L'avantage de la structure de la charpente en bois tridimensionnelle, suivant l'invention, est de pouvoir réaliser une construction stable de façon rapide, à bon marché et rationnelle, avec une très grande utilité, tandis qu'une architecture libre reste garantie et qu'en outre on offre une réponse au phénomène connu sous le nom de "support-encastrement".The advantage of the structure of the three-dimensional wooden frame, according to the invention, is to be able to achieve a stable construction quickly, inexpensively and rationally, with very great utility, while a free architecture remains guaranteed and that in addition we offer an answer to the phenomenon known as "support-embedding".

Parmi les applications possibles de la structure de la charpente en bois tridimensionnelle, suivant l'invention, nous pensons aux meubles, aux jouets, à la réhabilitation d'immeubles, aux structures mitoyennes pour les contructions accolées, à la construction de logements et même à la construction à plusieurs étages, sans pour cela exclure d'autres possibilités d'application.Among the possible applications of the structure of the three-dimensional wooden frame, according to the invention, we think of furniture, toys, the rehabilitation of buildings, adjoining structures for adjoining constructions, the construction of housing and even to multi-storey construction, without excluding other possibilities of application.

Claims (11)

  1. Assembly of horizontal and vertical timber beams for building timber structures, characterized in that this assembly is main up, on the one hand, of only four parallel vertical beams (1) placed in pairs at a certain distance apart (a), (a') so that the space delimited by these beams (1) forms a sandwiched beam and, on the other hand, of only two horizontal beams (2), (3) joined together to form a cross, perpendicularly one on top of the other or at a certain distance one above the other, with the part where they cross fitting in the free space between the four vertical beams (1), while each of the horizontal beams (2), (3) extends between the vertical beams (1) so that there are two vertical beams (1) either side of each horizontal beam (2), (3) and so that each vertical beam (1) is mechanically joined to the two horizontal beams (2), (3).
  2. Timber beam assembly according to Claim 1, characterized in that each of the four vertical beams (1) is mechanically joined to the two vertical beams (1) which are located to the side of this beam, at a distance (a), (a').
  3. Timber beam assembly according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the beams are joined together by means of a tapped screw and/or nuts and bolts.
  4. Timber beam assembly according to Claim 3, characterized in that the vertical beams (1) are joined together by means of tapped screws and/or nuts and bolts which pass through the horizontal beam (2) or (3) which extends between these vertical beams.
  5. Three-dimensional timberwork structure, characterized in that it has one or more timber beam assemblies according to one or more of the preceding claims.
  6. Three-dimensional timberwork structure according to Claim 5, characterized in that two or more timber beam assemblies, according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, are placed in alignment so that one of the two horizontal beams (2) or (3) is common to two or more neighbouring assemblies, or so that the horizontal beams (2) or (3) of two or more neighbouring assemblies are joined together so as to form-a rigid framework.
  7. Three-dimensional timberwork structure according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that two or more timber beam assemblies, according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, are placed one above the other so that the four vertical beams (1) are common to two or more superposed assemblies, or so that the vertical beams (2) or (3) of two or more superposed assemblies are joined together so as to form a rigid framework.
  8. Building erected on a three-dimensional timberwork structure according to Claims 5 to 7.
  9. Building according to Claim 8, characterized in that the external wall is applied on the external side of a series of jambs (9) of four vertical beams (1) whose axes of symmetry (10) are located in the same vertical plane (11).
  10. Building according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the internal wall is applied on the internal side of a series of jambs (9) of four vertical beams (1) whose axes of symmetry (10') are located in the same vertical plane (11').
  11. Building according to Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the space between two walls according to Claims 9 and 10 is filled with insulating materials, and may or may not be provided with cupboards, mains piping, pipes, etc.
EP19900200796 1989-04-21 1990-04-03 Stiff nodal element for timber constructions and three-dimensional timber frames and structures provided with such nodal elements Expired - Lifetime EP0393740B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE8900445A BE1003245A6 (en) 1989-04-21 1989-04-21 Stiff button for timber structures and three-dimensional houtskeletstrukturen, or similar accomodation equipped with such buttons.
BE8900445 1989-04-21

Publications (2)

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EP0393740A1 EP0393740A1 (en) 1990-10-24
EP0393740B1 true EP0393740B1 (en) 1994-12-07

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EP19900200796 Expired - Lifetime EP0393740B1 (en) 1989-04-21 1990-04-03 Stiff nodal element for timber constructions and three-dimensional timber frames and structures provided with such nodal elements

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EP (1) EP0393740B1 (en)
BE (1) BE1003245A6 (en)
DE (1) DE69014698D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2839993A1 (en) * 2002-05-24 2003-11-28 Jacques Roy Assembly system for timber or metal structures uses at least two pairs of parallel components to fasten two or more coupling members
RU2280738C1 (en) * 2005-07-18 2006-07-27 Александр Михайлович Цуриков Frame assemblage method

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR413672A (en) * 1909-03-19 1910-08-16 Paul Meltzer Timber construction system
FR2304732A1 (en) * 1975-03-20 1976-10-15 Le Villain Yvon Prefabricated sectional house framework - has temporary upright supports and roof truss with braced wall framework (BR210976)
FR2557900A1 (en) * 1984-01-06 1985-07-12 Breuille Luc Fixed constructions with a timber frame incorporating cylindrical members made of round wood

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BE1003245A6 (en) 1992-02-04
DE69014698D1 (en) 1995-01-19
EP0393740A1 (en) 1990-10-24

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