EP0389792B1 - A packing container for liquid, especially pressurized contents - Google Patents

A packing container for liquid, especially pressurized contents Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0389792B1
EP0389792B1 EP90103401A EP90103401A EP0389792B1 EP 0389792 B1 EP0389792 B1 EP 0389792B1 EP 90103401 A EP90103401 A EP 90103401A EP 90103401 A EP90103401 A EP 90103401A EP 0389792 B1 EP0389792 B1 EP 0389792B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
end wall
cover strip
packing container
emptying opening
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90103401A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0389792B2 (en
EP0389792A1 (en
Inventor
Bengt Björck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
Original Assignee
Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
Tetra Alfa Holdings SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
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Application filed by Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA, Tetra Alfa Holdings SA filed Critical Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
Publication of EP0389792A1 publication Critical patent/EP0389792A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0389792B1 publication Critical patent/EP0389792B1/en
Publication of EP0389792B2 publication Critical patent/EP0389792B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D17/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions
    • B65D17/50—Non-integral frangible members applied to, or inserted in, preformed openings, e.g. tearable strips or plastic plugs
    • B65D17/501—Flexible tape or foil-like material
    • B65D17/502—Flexible tape or foil-like material applied to the external part of the container wall only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
    • B65D2517/0001—Details
    • B65D2517/001—Action for opening container
    • B65D2517/0013—Action for opening container pull-out tear panel, e.g. by means of a tear-tab
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
    • B65D2517/0001—Details
    • B65D2517/0058—Other details of container end panel
    • B65D2517/008—Materials of container end panel
    • B65D2517/0082—Coated or laminated metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
    • B65D2517/0001—Details
    • B65D2517/0058—Other details of container end panel
    • B65D2517/0089—Unusual details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
    • B65D2517/50—Non-integral frangible members applied to, or inserted in, a preformed opening
    • B65D2517/5002—Details of flexible tape or foil-like material
    • B65D2517/5024—Material
    • B65D2517/5032—Laminated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
    • B65D2517/50—Non-integral frangible members applied to, or inserted in, a preformed opening
    • B65D2517/5072—Details of hand grip, tear- or lift-tab
    • B65D2517/5083—Details of hand grip, tear- or lift-tab with means facilitating initial lifting of tape, e.g. lift or pull-tabs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a packing container according to the opening part of claims 1.
  • Such containers are usually of a non-returnable character containing liquid content especially pressurized contents. They comprise at least one plane end wall, an emptying opening incorporated in the end wall and an outer cover strip which is applied over the emptying opening to the outside of the end wall.
  • Such containers are described in US-A-4 397 401. However, there are high risks of unintentional ruptures.
  • These packages generally consist of a cylindrical can body provided with a base, the upper end of the can body being closed with the help of a substantially plane end wall which is seamed onto the cylindrical can body.
  • the cylindrical can body generally consists of plastic or metal, e.g. iron or aluminium. Whereas the plane end wall as a rules always consists of sheet aluminium.
  • a very usual opening arrangement on such known can packages has a weakened or openable part in the plane end wall which by means of a pull- ring fixed to the weakened or openable part is adapted so that it can be completely pulled off to expose an emptying opening through which the contents of the package can be made accessible.
  • One problem, not infrequently encountered in this, intrinsically simple and in most cases well-functioning, opening arrangement is that the openable end wall has to be manufactured from a relatively soft material, preferably aluminium, which is both soft and easy to process, but which from a point of view of manufacture is a very energy-consuming and thus cost-demanding metal.
  • Another opening arrangement on known can packages of the type which has been described above consists of an emptying opening incorporated in the end wall of the drum which is covered by a cover strip or similar closure device glued detachably onto the outside of the end wall.
  • This known opening arrangement too is relatively simple and easy to manufacture and as a rule functions well, but it has the disadvantage, among other things, especially in the case of can packages for pressurized contents, that it requires environmentally doubtful and expensive glue to provide the joint between the cover strip and the package end wall with the required tightness and durability.
  • This invention is characterized in claim 1.
  • the sealing joint between the cover strip and the end wall of the package is produced by inductive heating in a manner known in itself of the metal layers incorporated in the cover strip and the end wall respectively, which has been found to bring about that the package can be closed in a rapid and simple manner and that the actual closing process can be easily monitored both with regard to heating period and temperature and that the sealing joint will be tighter and more durable than , for example, in the case of glueing.
  • the package which has been given the general reference designation 1
  • the package which has been given the general reference designation 1
  • the package which has been given the general reference designation 1
  • the package which has been given the general reference designation 1
  • the package which has been given the general reference designation 1
  • the package which has been given the general reference designation 1
  • the package which has been given the general reference designation 1
  • the end wall 3 has an emptying opening 4 incorporated beforehand which is covered on the top by means of an outer cover strip 5 applied to the outside of the end wall.
  • the cover strip 5 comprises on the one hand a mounting part 5a, which is connected detachably to the end wall 3 over the emptying opening 4, and on the other hand a readily accessible gripping part 5b by means of which the cover strip 5 is adapted to be removed on opening of the package.
  • the cover strip 5 is manufactured from a laminated material comprising a central layer of material strong in tension, e.g. iron, and outer coatings 7 and 8 of weldable plastic, e.g. polyester (preferably polyethylene terephthalate).
  • Figure 2 further illustrates that the end wall 3 too is manufactured from a material comprising a central metallic layer 9 with an outer coating 10 of weldable plastics, e.g. polyester (preferably polyethylene terephthalate).
  • the end wall 3 has a downwards directed edge portion 3a serving as a fastening means which extends unbroken around the whole periphery of the end wall and which, at least partially, is inserted in, and is fastened to, the inside of the can body 2 along a liquid-tight and mechanically durable sealing joint around the whole thus inserted part of the edge portion 10 of the end wall.
  • the joint between the outer cover strip 5 and the end wall 3, on the one side should be sufficiently strong to be able to withstand the internal pressure of the package, which in the case of contents such as beer, refreshing beverages and similar carbonated drinks may go up to approx. 7 bar, but that the joint, on the other side, should not be so strong that,on opening of the package, an intentional pulling off of the cover strip is made impossible or is made unnecessarily difficult.
  • a desirable optimum joint is obtained in that the cover strip 5 and the end wall 3 are connected with one another along a sealing joint formed by surface fusion between the plastic coatings 8 and 10 respectively facing one another, and it has been found in particular that a sealing joint which functions well and is easily controllable can be obtained if the cover strip 5 and the end wall 3 are joined to one another by inductive heating of metal layers 6 and 9 incorporated in the cover strip 5 and the end wall 3 respectively.
  • Such an inductive heat sealing is both rapid and simple and can be carried out with the help of existing conventional equipment.
  • the method has the further advantage that it can be easily monitored both with regard to heating period and to temperature, so that a mechanically durable sealing joint which is liquid-tight but easily breakable is obtained around the whole emptying opening 4.
  • the can body 2 which preferably is of the conical shape indicated in Figures 1 and 2, is also manufactured appropriately from a material comprising a thin inner metal layer 11 and at least one outer coating 12 of weldable plastic, preferably polyethylene terephthalate, facing towards the inside of the package, as a result of which the joint between the inserted part of the edge portion 10 of the end wall 3 and the inner plastic coating 12 of the container body 2 can also be achieved by inductive heating in a manner known in itself.
  • a material comprising a thin inner metal layer 11 and at least one outer coating 12 of weldable plastic, preferably polyethylene terephthalate, facing towards the inside of the package, as a result of which the joint between the inserted part of the edge portion 10 of the end wall 3 and the inner plastic coating 12 of the container body 2 can also be achieved by inductive heating in a manner known in itself.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
  • Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Containers Opened By Tearing Frangible Portions (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A packing container comprising an end wall (3) and an emptying opening (4) incorporated in the end wall which is covered by means of a cover strip (5) applied detachably to the outside of the end wall. The cover strip (5) as well as the end wall (3) consist of a plastic-coated metallic material and are attached to one another along a sealing joint formed by surface fusion around the whole emptying opening.

Description

  • The present invention relates to a packing container according to the opening part of claims 1. Such containers are usually of a non-returnable character containing liquid content especially pressurized contents. They comprise at least one plane end wall, an emptying opening incorporated in the end wall and an outer cover strip which is applied over the emptying opening to the outside of the end wall.
  • Such containers are described in US-A-4 397 401. However, there are high risks of unintentional ruptures. These packages generally consist of a cylindrical can body provided with a base, the upper end of the can body being closed with the help of a substantially plane end wall which is seamed onto the cylindrical can body. The cylindrical can body generally consists of plastic or metal, e.g. iron or aluminium. Whereas the plane end wall as a rules always consists of sheet aluminium.
  • To make the package conveniently openable it is provided in most cases with some type of opening arrangement which on the one hand should make the package readily openable and on the other hand should allow a smooth emptying of the contents from the opened package.
  • A very usual opening arrangement on such known can packages has a weakened or openable part in the plane end wall which by means of a pull- ring fixed to the weakened or openable part is adapted so that it can be completely pulled off to expose an emptying opening through which the contents of the package can be made accessible. One problem, not infrequently encountered in this, intrinsically simple and in most cases well-functioning, opening arrangement is that the openable end wall has to be manufactured from a relatively soft material, preferably aluminium, which is both soft and easy to process, but which from a point of view of manufacture is a very energy-consuming and thus cost-demanding metal. For the sake of making the package more economical, therefore, it is necessary, among other things, to recover and reuse as much as possible of the aluminium content of the package used, which, however, is counteracted or seriously obstructed by the fact that the part of the end wall of the package pulled off on opening of the package, including the pull-rung, in most cases is thrown away and thus is completely lost after a single use. To the economic loss also comes that the wasted portion of the end wall represents a substantial environmental problem, since it can remain lying about in nature for a very long time before it breaks down through corrosion, and constitutes during this time, because of its sharp edges, a hazard to humans and animals.
  • Another opening arrangement on known can packages of the type which has been described above consists of an emptying opening incorporated in the end wall of the drum which is covered by a cover strip or similar closure device glued detachably onto the outside of the end wall. This known opening arrangement too is relatively simple and easy to manufacture and as a rule functions well, but it has the disadvantage, among other things, especially in the case of can packages for pressurized contents, that it requires environmentally doubtful and expensive glue to provide the joint between the cover strip and the package end wall with the required tightness and durability.
  • It is an objective of the present invention to prepare a packing container of this type which has a liquid-tight and mechanically durable joint between end wall and container body.
  • This invention is characterized in claim 1.
  • The sealing joint between the cover strip and the end wall of the package is produced by inductive heating in a manner known in itself of the metal layers incorporated in the cover strip and the end wall respectively, which has been found to bring about that the package can be closed in a rapid and simple manner and that the actual closing process can be easily monitored both with regard to heating period and temperature and that the sealing joint will be tighter and more durable than , for example, in the case of glueing.
  • Further preferred embodiments and advantages of the invention have been given, moreover, the characteristics specified in the following subsidiary claims.
  • The invention will now be described in greater detail with special reference to the attached drawing, wherein
    • Figure 1 shows schematically the top part of a packing container provided with an opening arrangement in accordance with the invention, and
    • Figure 2 shows a central section of the container according to Figure 1.
  • Although the invention can be applied to all packages of a can character, it is assumed in the special embodiments referred to here that the package, which has been given the general reference designation 1, is of the type which is shown in Figure 1 and which consists of an upwards tapered can body 2 provided with any kind of bottom closure and a substantially plane end wall 3 arranged at the upper open end of the can body. The end wall 3 has an emptying opening 4 incorporated beforehand which is covered on the top by means of an outer cover strip 5 applied to the outside of the end wall. The cover strip 5 comprises on the one hand a mounting part 5a, which is connected detachably to the end wall 3 over the emptying opening 4, and on the other hand a readily accessible gripping part 5b by means of which the cover strip 5 is adapted to be removed on opening of the package.
  • As is evident more clearly from Figure 2, the cover strip 5 is manufactured from a laminated material comprising a central layer of material strong in tension, e.g. iron, and outer coatings 7 and 8 of weldable plastic, e.g. polyester (preferably polyethylene terephthalate). Figure 2 further illustrates that the end wall 3 too is manufactured from a material comprising a central metallic layer 9 with an outer coating 10 of weldable plastics, e.g. polyester (preferably polyethylene terephthalate). The end wall 3 has a downwards directed edge portion 3a serving as a fastening means which extends unbroken around the whole periphery of the end wall and which, at least partially, is inserted in, and is fastened to, the inside of the can body 2 along a liquid-tight and mechanically durable sealing joint around the whole thus inserted part of the edge portion 10 of the end wall.
  • As pointed out earlier, it is important that the joint between the outer cover strip 5 and the end wall 3, on the one side, should be sufficiently strong to be able to withstand the internal pressure of the package, which in the case of contents such as beer, refreshing beverages and similar carbonated drinks may go up to approx. 7 bar, but that the joint, on the other side, should not be so strong that,on opening of the package, an intentional pulling off of the cover strip is made impossible or is made unnecessarily difficult. In accordance with the invention a desirable optimum joint is obtained in that the cover strip 5 and the end wall 3 are connected with one another along a sealing joint formed by surface fusion between the plastic coatings 8 and 10 respectively facing one another, and it has been found in particular that a sealing joint which functions well and is easily controllable can be obtained if the cover strip 5 and the end wall 3 are joined to one another by inductive heating of metal layers 6 and 9 incorporated in the cover strip 5 and the end wall 3 respectively. Such an inductive heat sealing is both rapid and simple and can be carried out with the help of existing conventional equipment. The method, among other things, has the further advantage that it can be easily monitored both with regard to heating period and to temperature, so that a mechanically durable sealing joint which is liquid-tight but easily breakable is obtained around the whole emptying opening 4.
  • The can body 2, which preferably is of the conical shape indicated in Figures 1 and 2, is also manufactured appropriately from a material comprising a thin inner metal layer 11 and at least one outer coating 12 of weldable plastic, preferably polyethylene terephthalate, facing towards the inside of the package, as a result of which the joint between the inserted part of the edge portion 10 of the end wall 3 and the inner plastic coating 12 of the container body 2 can also be achieved by inductive heating in a manner known in itself.
  • The example of an embodiment of the invention described here is intended solely to illustrate a particularly suitable embodiment, and it is possible, of course, within the scope of the concept of the invention to realize a number of modifications, both with regard to the composition, and to the general design, of the packing container without departing, for this reason from the actual idea of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. Packing container comprising a container body (2), at least one end wall (3), an emptying opening (4) in said end wall (3), and an outer cover strip (5) applied over said emptying opening (4) to the outside of said end wall (3), wherein said cover strip (5) as well as said end wall (3) consist of a material comprising a metal layer (6, 9) and at least one outer coating (8, 10) of weldable plastic material and wherein said cover strip (5) is connected to said end wall (3) along a sealing joint around the whole emptying opening (4) which is liquid-tight but can be broken up, formed by surface fusion of plastic material,
characterized in that,
said end wall (3) comprises a downwardly directed edge portion (10) which serves as a fastening means and which is at least partially inserted into and its outer plastic coating liquid-tightly and mechanically durable sealed to the inside of the container body (2) and that said sealing joint around said emptying opening (4) is formed by the outer plastic coating (8, 10) of said cover strip (5) and of said end wall (3).
2. Packing container as claimed in claim 1,
characterized in that,
said edge portion (10) is sealed to the inside of the upper open end of an upwardly tapering container body (2).
3. A packing container in accordance with claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that,
the metal layer (9) of the end wall consists of iron.
4. A packing container in accordance with anyone of the preceding claims,
characterized in that,
that the metal layer (6) of the cover strip consists of iron.
5. A packing container in accordance with anyone of the preceding claims,
characterized in that,
the said plastic coatings are constituted of a polyester, preferably polyethylene terephthalate.
EP90103401A 1989-03-29 1990-02-22 A packing container for liquid, especially pressurized contents Expired - Lifetime EP0389792B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8901092 1989-03-29
SE8901092A SE500525C2 (en) 1989-03-29 1989-03-29 Packaging containers for liquid, especially pressurized fillers

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0389792A1 EP0389792A1 (en) 1990-10-03
EP0389792B1 true EP0389792B1 (en) 1993-08-04
EP0389792B2 EP0389792B2 (en) 1998-03-18

Family

ID=20375482

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90103401A Expired - Lifetime EP0389792B2 (en) 1989-03-29 1990-02-22 A packing container for liquid, especially pressurized contents

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0389792B2 (en)
JP (1) JP2836898B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE92421T1 (en)
AU (1) AU625865B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2011319C (en)
DE (2) DE69002499T3 (en)
DK (1) DK0389792T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2044267T5 (en)
GR (1) GR3026409T3 (en)
RU (1) RU1833338C (en)
SE (1) SE500525C2 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10034298A1 (en) * 2000-07-14 2002-01-24 Steinbeis Ppl Gmbh Closure arrangement at an opening in a container wall
DE20013058U1 (en) 2000-07-28 2000-11-16 Hueck Folien GmbH & Co. KG, 92712 Pirk Packaging unit for a liquid or semi-liquid food product
EP1209085A1 (en) * 2000-11-17 2002-05-29 SEDA S.p.A. Process for making a container for solid or frozen food and container thereof
USD906799S1 (en) 2020-01-28 2021-01-05 Blue Buffalo Enterprises, Inc. Vacuum package

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US898293A (en) * 1907-10-16 1908-09-08 Warren Mfg Co Container.
CH563284A5 (en) * 1972-05-20 1975-06-30 Hesser Ag Maschf
AT361313B (en) * 1979-04-19 1981-03-10 Vmw Ranshofen Berndorf Ag METAL BOTTLE
CA1172995A (en) * 1981-03-02 1984-08-21 Hiroshi Ueno Easily openable vessel closure and process for preparation thereof
CH650210A5 (en) * 1981-03-17 1985-07-15 Aluminiumwerke Ag Rorschach CAN CAN WITH TIN BODY.
JPS5993639A (en) * 1982-11-19 1984-05-30 東洋製罐株式会社 Shock-resisting easy open vessel cover
JPS59126919U (en) * 1983-02-15 1984-08-27 四国化工機株式会社 Paper-based sealed container
JPS59186219U (en) * 1983-05-31 1984-12-11 大日本印刷株式会社 Container with peel-off tape
CH665400A5 (en) * 1984-04-24 1988-05-13 Weidenhammer Packungen COMBIDOSE.
JPS61142141A (en) * 1984-12-14 1986-06-30 東洋製罐株式会社 Sealed vessel
JPS61113217U (en) * 1984-12-26 1986-07-17

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE92421T1 (en) 1993-08-15
ES2044267T3 (en) 1994-01-01
EP0389792B2 (en) 1998-03-18
RU1833338C (en) 1993-08-07
JPH02282043A (en) 1990-11-19
EP0389792A1 (en) 1990-10-03
DE69002499T2 (en) 1993-11-18
SE500525C2 (en) 1994-07-11
DE69002499D1 (en) 1993-09-09
ES2044267T5 (en) 1998-06-16
AU625865B2 (en) 1992-07-16
AU5232790A (en) 1990-10-04
GR3026409T3 (en) 1998-06-30
JP2836898B2 (en) 1998-12-14
SE8901092L (en) 1990-09-30
DK0389792T3 (en) 1993-09-27
CA2011319A1 (en) 1990-09-29
DE69002499T4 (en) 1994-08-11
CA2011319C (en) 1998-09-15
SE8901092D0 (en) 1989-03-29
DE69002499T3 (en) 1998-05-28

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