EP0378161A1 - High or middle tension circuit breaker - Google Patents

High or middle tension circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0378161A1
EP0378161A1 EP90100360A EP90100360A EP0378161A1 EP 0378161 A1 EP0378161 A1 EP 0378161A1 EP 90100360 A EP90100360 A EP 90100360A EP 90100360 A EP90100360 A EP 90100360A EP 0378161 A1 EP0378161 A1 EP 0378161A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
breaker according
plates
arc
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90100360A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0378161B1 (en
Inventor
Jean Maineult
Raymond Pluveau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Holdings SA
Original Assignee
GEC Alsthom SA
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Publication date
Application filed by GEC Alsthom SA filed Critical GEC Alsthom SA
Publication of EP0378161A1 publication Critical patent/EP0378161A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0378161B1 publication Critical patent/EP0378161B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/08—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H33/10—Metal parts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high or medium voltage circuit breaker.
  • the breaking of medium and high voltage currents is commonly done by means of circuit breakers in which the breaking chamber is filled with dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
  • dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
  • circuit breakers are expensive to build because they must include means for compressing the blowing gas and means for storing sometimes significant control energy.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker which does not require a gas compression device and whose operating energy is very low.
  • the breaking principle used in the circuit breaker of the invention consists in creating an arc voltage greater than the network voltage.
  • the principle is used in low voltage with cut-off chambers in the air. However, this principle is not directly applicable at medium and high voltage, since the dielectric strength of the air is too low and its deionization time constant too high to ensure a recovery voltage, and the arc is rekindled after each zero crossing of the current to be cut.
  • a difficulty in implementing SF6 results from the fact that the arc voltages in SF6 are much lower than the arc voltages in air and that it is difficult and industrial It is impossible to create sufficient arc voltage in SF6 at medium and high voltage by simply drawing the arc.
  • This difficulty is solved by the invention by dividing the initial arc on metal plates into a very high number of elementary arcs.
  • the arc voltage of each elementary arc is due to voltage drops from the roots of the arc and is between 20 and 40 Volts depending on the nature of the metal
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a medium or high voltage limiting circuit breaker, opening automatically under the action of a short-circuit current, and making it possible to limit the peak value of the short-circuit current to equivalent or lower values than those obtained with limiting fuses.
  • the subject of the invention is a medium or high voltage circuit breaker comprising, in an envelope filled with dielectric gas, a fixed main contact and a movable main contact as well as a fixed arcing contact and a movable arcing contact between which an arc is established during their separation, characterized in that it comprises means for dividing the arc into a large number of elementary arcs, each elementary arc being established between two metal plates.
  • the circuit breaker comprises: for a nominal voltage of 12 kV from 300 to 900 plates, for a nominal voltage of 24 kV, from 600 to 1400 plates, for a nominal voltage of 36kV, from 900 to 1800 plates.
  • the circuit breaker comprises means for moving the arc and giving it the shape of a solenoid.
  • the outer casing of the circuit breaker has not been shown.
  • This envelope is filled with dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride, under a pressure of a few bars.
  • the circuit breaker includes a permanent current circuit and a cut-off circuit.
  • the permanent current circuit comprises bushings 1 and 5 bringing the current through the casing (not shown), an upper fixed contact 2 formed from a conductive profile and a lower fixed contact 4 formed from a conductive profile. Movable knives 3 around an axis 10 are rotated by a known device, such as crank-rod, not shown.
  • the knives are associated with means, not shown, of known type, to ensure sufficient contact pressure.
  • the breaking circuit includes: a fixed arcing horn 6 terminated by a contact pad 6A made of material with a high melting point such as a tungsten alloy, - two cutting knives 7 protected by a pad 7A of material with a high melting point; these knives, articulated around the axis 10, are driven simultaneously with the knives 3. They are slightly angularly offset so that the separation of the contacts 7 and 6 takes place with a delay relative to the separation of the contacts 2 and 3. - A priming horn 8 protected by a pellet 8A. - A switching chamber 9.
  • the cutting chamber is described with reference to Figures 1 (perspective), 2 (section along a plane perpendicular to the axis 10) and 5 (cross section).
  • the breaking chamber comprises a housing 11 made of plastic.
  • This housing includes partitions 11A separating the chamber into various compartments.
  • This box can be: - either made in one piece, - or consist of a stack of identical parts if this construction facilitates the assembly of internal parts.
  • This housing has at its upper part 15 holes for discharging the gases released by the arc.
  • each of the compartments is placed a plurality of metal plates 12, arranged parallel to each other and parallel to the line passing through the contacts.
  • the metal plates 12 have a notch 12a increasing the speed of rise of the arc by concentrating the magnetic field of the current.
  • They are made of magnetic material with a thickness between 0.8 and 2 mm and distant from a length of 0.8 to 1.5 mm.
  • Metal electrodes 13 (FIG. 3A, 3B) comprise a part 13A in a U coming to overlap the partition 11A separating two adjacent compartments.
  • These electrodes include two wings 13B and 13C, which come place themselves respectively in one or other of the neighboring compartments.
  • the wings form an angle close to 90 degrees between them.
  • the wings are flat and their plane is perpendicular to that of the plates of their respective compartment.
  • Arc refractory ceramic partitions 14 can optionally be fitted for high power circuit breakers to protect the housing 11.
  • An opening operation is carried out as follows: under the action of an external mechanism the knives 3 pivot and separate from the fixed contact 2; the current then flows through the stud 6 and the knife 7. By continuing its pivoting stroke the knife 7 separates from the stud 6.
  • the arc starts at a1 (figure 4) on elements 6a, 7a.
  • Known devices such as blow coils (not shown) traversed by the short-circuit current, or magnetic sheets such as 8b placed around the electrodes 6 and 8, can be used to increase the magnetic field acting on the 'bow. This stretches and comes in A3 at the entrance to the switching chamber.
  • each of the roots of the arc a4 moves on an electrode 13.
  • the arc a4 lengthens and pivots by 90 ° creating with the two horns of the electrodes 13 a new current loop.
  • the magnetic field produced by this solenoid forces the arcs a4 to be inserted into the metal plates 12, each arc a4 is subdivided into a large number of arcs resulting in a sudden increase in the arc voltage, the limitation of the breaking current , and switching off the current.
  • the arc is stabilized inside the plates due to: .
  • the small distance between the metal plates 12. .
  • the decompression is carried out using holes calibrated 15.
  • the upper part of the plates can be made insulating preventing the displacement of the roots of the arc either by a deposit of plastic insulating material, or by a deposit of ceramic (alumina for example).
  • the set of knives 3 and 7 continues its rotation and arrives in the open circuit breaker position necessary to withstand the voltage.
  • the knife 7 comes into contact with 6 ensuring the establishment of the current on the elements 6a 7a; the knives 3 then come into contact on 2.
  • Such a limiting circuit breaker is shown, without its casing filled with dielectric gas, in FIG. 6.
  • This repellent mobile contact includes: - A contact 15 fixed on contact 2 and having a rectilinear part 15a; - A contact carrier 19 of molded insulating material, driven in rotation about the axis 10 by a connecting rod 20; a contact 16, located in the contact carrier 19, and movable around an axis 22, it is connected to contact 4 by a deformable braid 18. - A spring 17 bearing on the elements 19 and 16 and giving sufficient contact pressure for the passage of the covering permanent.
  • Magnetic plates 21 are fixed on the contact carrier 19. Their purpose is to increase the magnetic field on the contact 16 to increase the repulsion force. When a short-circuit current of high intensity appears, very large electrodynamic forces appear between the finger 16 and the contact 15.
  • Finger 16 is violently pushed back.
  • FIG. 7 shows in section the limiting circuit breaker as a whole with its insulating envelope 30.
  • Low-voltage toroids 23 located on the crossings of the envelope recorded the sudden variation in current, and by means of an electronic relay 24 and a striker at low energy level 25 (elements known) gave an order to open the command 26.
  • This drives, by the shaft 31, the crank 32 and the connecting rod 20, the fingers 16 and the contact carriers 19 in the open position before the finger 16 under the action of the spring 17 comes back into contact with the element 15.
  • the finger 16 comes to a stop on a stop 19a secured to the contact carrier 19.
  • the circuit breaker assembly, low voltage toroids, electronic relay and control constitute an autonomous protection assembly.
  • the electronic relay also makes it possible to detect intermediate fault currents, and to create a thermal image of the device to be protected.
  • This set is therefore particularly well suited to the protection of medium voltage transformers for public distribution, and to the protection of high power motors.
  • Figure 8 shows in cross section the breaking chamber of a circuit breaker according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • circuit breakers of low nominal current such as: - the circuit breakers used to control and protect the motors for voltages less than 12 kV and nominal currents less than 250 A, a function currently provided by more fuse contactor combinations, - the circuit breakers used for the control and protection of public distribution transformers for voltages below 36 kV and nominal currents below 150 A, a function currently provided by more fusible switch combinations.
  • the interrupting chamber shown in FIG. 8 is placed in a single-pole or three-pole metallic or insulating enclosure, not shown, filled with a gas of high dielectric strength such as sulfur hexafluoride.
  • the breaking chamber comprises an insulating shaft 41 movable in rotation simultaneously driving a series of contact strips 42; each bar carries at its ends a contact pad 42a.
  • the breaking chamber comprises an insulating box comprising a plurality of elementary boxes 43 assembled by tie rods 43A.
  • Each elementary housing is formed of two molded elements assembled by fasteners 43B.
  • a housing includes holes 43C calibrated for the communication of the interior of the housing with the exterior.
  • the housing shown in Figure 8 has a section in the form of two rectangles symmetrical with respect to the shaft; each box has an opening on the bar side; inside each of the parts of this housing are placed metal plates 49, arranged radially in a fan, the plane of the plates passing through the shaft 41.
  • the plates of the two adjacent housings are coplanar in pairs.
  • Each plate (FIG. 9) has two legs 49A, 49C separated by an interval 49B to allow the passage of the bar 42.
  • the fixed contact comprises contact pads 44, equipped with a spring 45 ensuring the contact pressure and guided by a guide 46, a deformable conductive link 47 and a connecting bar 48 with the neighboring housing.
  • a mechanical drive stage comprising: a lever 50 secured to the shaft 41, and a spring 51 attached to the lever 50 and the housing 43.
  • the force given by the set of springs 51 is slightly greater than the sum of the contact forces defined by the springs 44 and thereby keeps the shaft 41 in the abutment position on the housing 43.
  • the attachment point of this spring 51 on the housing 43 can also be arranged in such a way that in the open position it maintains the shaft 41 in this position by passing from a neutral position.
  • the mechanical floor also includes: a lever 52 secured to the shaft 41, - A connecting rod 54 with a light 54A of dimension such that the opening movement of the shaft 41 is possible even if the connecting rod 54 remains stationary. - A lever 56 articulated at 55 to the rod 54 and secured to a shaft 57 connected to a mechanical control.
  • Such an accelerator stage is shown in FIG. 10.
  • the contact pads are replaced by elements of high impact strength 42B.
  • a complete switching chamber therefore comprises a juxtaposition or stacking of three types of compartments mentioned above: - breaking stages, - accelerator stages, - mechanical drive stages.
  • the device is shown in the closed position in Figures 8, 10 and 11.
  • a closing order given to the mechanical control drives the shaft 57 in rotation along the arrow F.
  • This order can be given by the following elements: - sensors made up of low-voltage toroids placed around current crossings or element start cables to protect. - an electronic relay receiving information from the sensors and delivering a signal to a striker with a low energy level which releases the hooking of the command.
  • This relay can also simulate a thermal image of the device to be protected.
  • the invention applies to medium and high voltage circuit breakers.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The subject is a medium or high voltage circuit-breaker comprising, in a surround filled with pressurised dielectric gas, a main stationary contact (2) and a main moving contact (3), as well as a stationary arc contact (6) and a moving arc contact (7) between which an arc is established when they separate, characterised in that it comprises means for splitting the arc up into a large number of elementary arcs, each elementary arc being established between two metal plates (12). <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un disjoncteur à haute ou moyenne tension.The present invention relates to a high or medium voltage circuit breaker.

La coupure des courants à moyenne et haute tension s'effectue communément au moyen de disjoncteurs dans lesquels la chambre de coupure est remplie de gaz diélectrique tel que l'héxafluorure de soufre (SF6).The breaking of medium and high voltage currents is commonly done by means of circuit breakers in which the breaking chamber is filled with dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).

Au moment de l'ouverture des contacts, l'arc qui se développe entre les contacts est soumis à un violent soufflage de gaz compri­mé ; ceci assure son extinction au moment du passage par zéro du courant.When the contacts open, the arc that develops between the contacts is subjected to a violent blowing of compressed gas; this ensures that it goes out when the current crosses zero.

Ces disjoncteurs sont de construction onéreuse car ils doivent comporter des moyens pour comprimer le gaz de soufflage et des moyens pour emmagasiner une énergie de commande parfois importante.These circuit breakers are expensive to build because they must include means for compressing the blowing gas and means for storing sometimes significant control energy.

Un but de l'invention est de réaliser un disjoncteur qui ne nécessite pas de dispositif de compression de gaz et dont l'énergie de manoeuvre est très faible.An object of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker which does not require a gas compression device and whose operating energy is very low.

Le principe de coupure utilisé dans le disjoncteur de l'inven­tion, consiste à créer une tension d'arc supérieure à la tension du réseau.The breaking principle used in the circuit breaker of the invention consists in creating an arc voltage greater than the network voltage.

Le principe est utilisé en basse tension avec des chambres de coupure dans l'air. Mais ce principe n'est pas directement applicable en moyenne et haute tension, car la tenue diélectrique de l'air est trop faible et sa constante de temps de désionisation trop importante pour assurer une tension de rétablissement, et l'arc se rallume après chaque passage par zéro du courant à couper.The principle is used in low voltage with cut-off chambers in the air. However, this principle is not directly applicable at medium and high voltage, since the dielectric strength of the air is too low and its deionization time constant too high to ensure a recovery voltage, and the arc is rekindled after each zero crossing of the current to be cut.

On a donc songé à utiliser le gaz SF6 dont la tenue diélectrique élevée et la constante de temps de désionisation faible peuvent permettre d'assurer un rétablissement facile de la tension après coupure.Consideration has therefore been given to using SF6 gas, the high dielectric strength and the low deionization time constant can make it possible to ensure easy recovery of the voltage after interruption.

Une difficulté de mise en oeuvre de SF6 résulte toutefois du fait que les tensions d'arc dans le SF6 sont très inférieures aux tensions d'arc dans l'air et qu'il est difficile et industrielle­ ment impossible de créer, en moyenne et haute tension, une tension d'arc suffisante dans le SF6 par simple étirement de l'arc.A difficulty in implementing SF6 however results from the fact that the arc voltages in SF6 are much lower than the arc voltages in air and that it is difficult and industrial It is impossible to create sufficient arc voltage in SF6 at medium and high voltage by simply drawing the arc.

Cette difficulté est résolue par l'invention en fractionnant sur des plaques métalliques l'arc initial en un nombre très élevé d'arcs élémentaires. La tension d'arc de chaque arc élémentaire est due aux chutes de tension des racines de l'arc et est comprise entre 20 et 40 Volts suivant la nature du métalThis difficulty is solved by the invention by dividing the initial arc on metal plates into a very high number of elementary arcs. The arc voltage of each elementary arc is due to voltage drops from the roots of the arc and is between 20 and 40 Volts depending on the nature of the metal

Un autre but de l'invention est de réaliser un disjoncteur limiteur à moyenne ou haute tension, s'ouvrant automatiquement sous l'action d'un courant de court-circuit, et permettant de limiter la valeur crête du courant de court-circuit à des valeurs équivalentes ou inférieures à celles obtenues avec des fusibles limiteurs.Another object of the invention is to provide a medium or high voltage limiting circuit breaker, opening automatically under the action of a short-circuit current, and making it possible to limit the peak value of the short-circuit current to equivalent or lower values than those obtained with limiting fuses.

L'invention a pour objet un disjoncteur à moyenne ou haute tension comprenant, dans une enveloppe remplie de gaz diélectrique, un contact principal fixe et un contact principal mobile ainsi qu'un contact fixe d'arc et un contact mobile d'arc entre lesquels s'établit un arc lors de leur séparation caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour fractionner l'arc en un grand nombre d'arcs élémentaires, chaque arc élémentaire s'établissant entre deux plaques métalliques.The subject of the invention is a medium or high voltage circuit breaker comprising, in an envelope filled with dielectric gas, a fixed main contact and a movable main contact as well as a fixed arcing contact and a movable arcing contact between which an arc is established during their separation, characterized in that it comprises means for dividing the arc into a large number of elementary arcs, each elementary arc being established between two metal plates.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le disjoncteur comprend :
pour une tension nominale de 12 kV de 300 à 900 plaques,
pour une tension nominale de 24 kV, de 600 à 1400 plaques,
pour une tension nominale de 36kV, de 900 à 1800 plaques.According to a characteristic of the invention, the circuit breaker comprises:
for a nominal voltage of 12 kV from 300 to 900 plates,
for a nominal voltage of 24 kV, from 600 to 1400 plates,
for a nominal voltage of 36kV, from 900 to 1800 plates.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, le disjoncteur comprend des moyens pour déplacer l'arc et lui donner la forme d'un solénoïde.In a particular embodiment of the invention, the circuit breaker comprises means for moving the arc and giving it the shape of a solenoid.

L'invention sera bien comprise par la description donnée ci-après d'un mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention, en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective de la partie active d'un disjoncteur selon un mode préféré de réalisa­tion de l'invention.
  • - la figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale de la chambre de coupure du disjoncteur.
  • - la figure 3A et 3B représentent respectivement de face et de côté une électrode reliant deux compartiments de la chambre.
  • - la figure 4 est un schéma illustrant le déplacement de l'arc au cours d'une manoeuvre de coupure.
  • - la figure 5 est une vue en coupe longitudinale.
  • - la figure 6 est une vue schématique de la partie centrale d'un disjoncteur limiteur selon le principe de l'invention.
  • - la figure 7 est une vue schématique en coupe du disjoncteur limiteur de la figure 6.
  • - la figure 8 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un disjonc­teur selon une variante.
  • - la figure 9 est une représentation d'une des plaques équipant la chambre de coupure.
  • - la figure 10 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un étage accélérateur.
  • - la figure 11 est une vue du dispositif de manoeuvre du disjoncteur.
The invention will be better understood from the description given below of a preferred embodiment of the invention, with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of the active part of a circuit breaker according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • - Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the breaking chamber of the circuit breaker.
  • - Figure 3A and 3B respectively show from the front and from the side an electrode connecting two compartments of the chamber.
  • - Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating the displacement of the arc during a switching maneuver.
  • - Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view.
  • - Figure 6 is a schematic view of the central part of a limiting circuit breaker according to the principle of the invention.
  • - Figure 7 is a schematic sectional view of the limiter circuit breaker of Figure 6.
  • - Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a circuit breaker according to a variant.
  • - Figure 9 is a representation of one of the plates fitted to the switching chamber.
  • - Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of an accelerator stage.
  • - Figure 11 is a view of the circuit breaker operating device.

Dans la figure 1, on distingue l'intérieur d'un disjoncteur en vue schématique.In Figure 1, we can see the inside of a circuit breaker in schematic view.

L'enveloppe extérieure du disjoncteur n'a pas été représentée. Cette enveloppe est remplie de gaz diélectrique tel que l'héxafluoru­re de soufre, sous une pression de quelques bars.The outer casing of the circuit breaker has not been shown. This envelope is filled with dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride, under a pressure of a few bars.

Le disjoncteur comprend un circuit de courant permanent et un circuit de coupure.The circuit breaker includes a permanent current circuit and a cut-off circuit.

Le circuit de courant permanent comprend des traversées 1 et 5 amenant le courant à travers l'enveloppe (non représentée), un contact fixe supérieur 2 formé d'un profilé conducteur et un contact fixe inférieur 4 formé d'un profilé conducteur. Des couteaux mobiles 3 autour d'un axe 10 sont entraînés en rotation par un dispositif connu, tel que bielle-manivelle, non représenté.The permanent current circuit comprises bushings 1 and 5 bringing the current through the casing (not shown), an upper fixed contact 2 formed from a conductive profile and a lower fixed contact 4 formed from a conductive profile. Movable knives 3 around an axis 10 are rotated by a known device, such as crank-rod, not shown.

Les couteaux sont associés à des moyens non représentés, de type connu, pour assurer une pression de contact suffisante.The knives are associated with means, not shown, of known type, to ensure sufficient contact pressure.

Le circuit de coupure comprend :
- une corne d'amorçage d'arc fixe 6 terminée par un plot de contact 6A en matériau à haut point de fusion tel qu'un alliage de tungstène,
- deux couteaux de coupure 7 protégés par une pastille 7A en matériau à haut point de fusion ; ces couteaux, articulés autour de l'axe 10, sont entraînés simultanément avec les couteaux 3. Ils sont légèrement décalés angulairement de telle sorte que la séparation des contacts 7 et 6 s'effectue avec un retard par rapport à la séparation des contacts 2 et 3.
- Une corne d'amorçage 8 protégée par une pastille 8A.
- Une chambre de coupure 9.The breaking circuit includes:
a fixed arcing horn 6 terminated by a contact pad 6A made of material with a high melting point such as a tungsten alloy,
- two cutting knives 7 protected by a pad 7A of material with a high melting point; these knives, articulated around the axis 10, are driven simultaneously with the knives 3. They are slightly angularly offset so that the separation of the contacts 7 and 6 takes place with a delay relative to the separation of the contacts 2 and 3.
- A priming horn 8 protected by a pellet 8A.
- A switching chamber 9.

La chambre de coupure est décrite en regard des figures 1 (perspective), 2 (coupe selon un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe 10) et 5 (coupe transversale).The cutting chamber is described with reference to Figures 1 (perspective), 2 (section along a plane perpendicular to the axis 10) and 5 (cross section).

La chambre de coupure comprend un boîtier 11 en matière plastique.The breaking chamber comprises a housing 11 made of plastic.

Ce boîtier comprend des cloisons 11A séparant la chambre en divers compartiments. Ce boîtier peut être :
- soit réalisé en une seule pièce,
- soit constitué d'un empilage de pièces identiques si cette construction facilite le montage des pièces internes.This housing includes partitions 11A separating the chamber into various compartments. This box can be:
- either made in one piece,
- or consist of a stack of identical parts if this construction facilitates the assembly of internal parts.

Ce boîtier porte à sa partie supérieure des trous 15 d'éva­cuation des gaz dégagés par l'arc.This housing has at its upper part 15 holes for discharging the gases released by the arc.

A l'intérieur de chacun des compartiments est placée une pluralité de plaques métalliques 12, disposées parallèlement entre elles et parallèlement à la ligne passant par les contacts.Inside each of the compartments is placed a plurality of metal plates 12, arranged parallel to each other and parallel to the line passing through the contacts.

Les plaques métalliques 12 ont une encoche 12a augmentant la vitesse de montée de l'arc en concentrant le champ magnétique du courant.The metal plates 12 have a notch 12a increasing the speed of rise of the arc by concentrating the magnetic field of the current.

Elles sont en matériau magnétique d'une épaisseur comprise entre 0,8 et 2 mm et distantes d'une longueur de 0,8 à 1,5 mm.They are made of magnetic material with a thickness between 0.8 and 2 mm and distant from a length of 0.8 to 1.5 mm.

Des électrodes 13 (figure 3A, 3B) métalliques, comprennent une partie 13A en U venant chevaucher la cloison 11A séparant deux compartiments adjacents.Metal electrodes 13 (FIG. 3A, 3B) comprise a part 13A in a U coming to overlap the partition 11A separating two adjacent compartments.

Ces électrodes comprennent deux ailes 13B et 13C, qui viennent se placer respectivement dans l'un ou l'autre des compartiments voisins.These electrodes include two wings 13B and 13C, which come place themselves respectively in one or other of the neighboring compartments.

Les ailes font entre elles un angle voisin de 90 degrés. Les ailes sont planes et leur plan est perpendiculaire à celui des plaques de leur compartiment respectif.The wings form an angle close to 90 degrees between them. The wings are flat and their plane is perpendicular to that of the plates of their respective compartment.

Des cloisons en céramique réfractaire 14 à l'arc peuvent être éventuellement montées pour les disjoncteurs de grande puissance pour protéger le boîtier 11.Arc refractory ceramic partitions 14 can optionally be fitted for high power circuit breakers to protect the housing 11.

Une manoeuvre d'ouverture s'effectue de la façon suivante : sous l'action d'un mécanisme extérieur les couteaux 3 pivotent et se séparent du contact fixe 2 ; le courant passe alors dans le plot 6 et le couteau 7.
En continuant sa course de pivotement le couteau 7 se sépare du plot 6.
L'arc s'amorce en a1 (figure 4) sur les éléments 6a, 7a. Sous l'action du champ magnétique créé par la boucle de courant l'arc se déplace en a2 et s'amorce sur les cornes 6 et 8.
Des dispositifs connus tels que des bobines de soufflage (non représentées) parcourues par le courant de court-circuit, ou des tôles magnétiques telles qu 8b placées autour des électrodes 6 et 8, peuvent être mis en oeuvre pour augmenter le champ magnétique agissant sur l'arc.
Celui-ci s'étire et vient en a3 à l'entrée de la chambre de coupure. Sur les électrodes intercloisons 13 il se divise en arcs élémentaires a4.
Chacune des racines de l'arc a4 se déplace sur une électrode 13. L'arc a4 s'allonge et pivote de 90° créant avec les deux cornes des électrodes 13 une nouvelle boucle de courant. Chacun des arcs a4 se déplaçant de façon identique l'ensemble des boucles de courant mis en série crée un solénoïde.
Le champ magnétique produit par ce solénoïde force les arcs a4 à s'insérer dans les plaques métalliques 12, chaque arc a4 se subdivise en un grand nombre d'arcs entraînant un brusque accroisse­ment de la tension d'arc, la limitation du courant de coupure, et l'extinction du courant.An opening operation is carried out as follows: under the action of an external mechanism the knives 3 pivot and separate from the fixed contact 2; the current then flows through the stud 6 and the knife 7.
By continuing its pivoting stroke the knife 7 separates from the stud 6.
The arc starts at a1 (figure 4) on elements 6a, 7a. Under the action of the magnetic field created by the current loop the arc moves in a2 and starts on the horns 6 and 8.
Known devices such as blow coils (not shown) traversed by the short-circuit current, or magnetic sheets such as 8b placed around the electrodes 6 and 8, can be used to increase the magnetic field acting on the 'bow.
This stretches and comes in A3 at the entrance to the switching chamber. On the inter-partition electrodes 13 it is divided into elementary arcs a4.
Each of the roots of the arc a4 moves on an electrode 13. The arc a4 lengthens and pivots by 90 ° creating with the two horns of the electrodes 13 a new current loop. Each of the arcs a4 moving in an identical manner the set of current loops put in series creates a solenoid.
The magnetic field produced by this solenoid forces the arcs a4 to be inserted into the metal plates 12, each arc a4 is subdivided into a large number of arcs resulting in a sudden increase in the arc voltage, the limitation of the breaking current , and switching off the current.

L'arc est stabilisé à l'intérieur des plaques du fait :
. De la faible distance entre les plaques métalliques 12.
. Du matelas de gaz créé en haut de chaque compartiment de la chambre 9 par l'énergie fournie par l'arc lui-même.The arc is stabilized inside the plates due to:
. The small distance between the metal plates 12.
. The gas mattress created at the top of each compartment of the chamber 9 by the energy supplied by the arc itself.

La décompression s'effectue à l'aide de trous calibrés 15.The decompression is carried out using holes calibrated 15.

Eventuellement la partie supérieure des plaques peut être rendue isolante empêchant le déplacement des racines de l'arc soit par un dépôt de matière isolante plastique, soit par un dépôt de céramique (alumine par exemple).Optionally the upper part of the plates can be made insulating preventing the displacement of the roots of the arc either by a deposit of plastic insulating material, or by a deposit of ceramic (alumina for example).

L'ensemble des couteaux 3 et 7 continue sa rotation et arrive en position disjoncteur ouvert nécessaire à la tenue de la tension.The set of knives 3 and 7 continues its rotation and arrives in the open circuit breaker position necessary to withstand the voltage.

Pour la fermeture, le couteau 7 vient en contact avec 6 assurant l'établissement du courant sur les éléments 6a 7a ; les couteaux 3 arrivent ensuite en contact sur 2.For closing, the knife 7 comes into contact with 6 ensuring the establishment of the current on the elements 6a 7a; the knives 3 then come into contact on 2.

Il est possible de réaliser selon le principe décrit ci-­dessus un disjoncteur limiteur, à haute ou moyenne tension, limitant la crête de courant de court-circuit à des valeurs équivalentes ou inférieures à celles obtenues avec des fusibles limiteurs.It is possible to produce according to the principle described above a limiting circuit breaker, at high or medium voltage, limiting the peak of short-circuit current to values equivalent or lower than those obtained with limiting fuses.

Un tel disjoncteur limiteur est représenté, sans son enveloppe remplie de gaz diélectrique, dans la figure 6.Such a limiting circuit breaker is shown, without its casing filled with dielectric gas, in FIG. 6.

Le contact mobile décrit précédemment est remplacé par un contact de type répulsif ; les autres éléments du disjoncteur : les traversée 1 et 5, les contacts 6 et 4, la chambre de coupure 9 avec l'électrode 8, la transmission mécanique et l'enveloppe, sont inchangés.
Ce contact mobile répulsif comprend :
- un contact 15 fixé sur le contact 2 et présentant une partie rectiligne 15a ;
- un porte-contact 19 en matière isolante moulé, entraîné en rotation autour de l'axe 10 par une bielle 20 ;
- un contact 16, situé dans le porte-contact 19, et mobile autour d'un axe 22, il est relié au contact 4 par une tresse déformable 18.
- un ressort 17 prenant appui sur les éléments 19 et 16 et donnant une pression de contact suffisante pour le passage du couvrant permanent.The mobile contact described above is replaced by a repellent type contact; the other elements of the circuit breaker: the bushings 1 and 5, the contacts 6 and 4, the breaking chamber 9 with the electrode 8, the mechanical transmission and the casing, are unchanged.
This repellent mobile contact includes:
- A contact 15 fixed on contact 2 and having a rectilinear part 15a;
- A contact carrier 19 of molded insulating material, driven in rotation about the axis 10 by a connecting rod 20;
a contact 16, located in the contact carrier 19, and movable around an axis 22, it is connected to contact 4 by a deformable braid 18.
- A spring 17 bearing on the elements 19 and 16 and giving sufficient contact pressure for the passage of the covering permanent.

Des plaques magnétiques 21 sont fixées sur le porte-contact 19. Elles ont pour but d'augmenter le champ magnétique sur le contact 16 pour accroître l'effort de répulsion. Lors de l'apparition d'un courant de court-circuit d'intensité importante des forces électrody­namiques très importantes apparaissent entre le doigt 16 et le contact 15.Magnetic plates 21 are fixed on the contact carrier 19. Their purpose is to increase the magnetic field on the contact 16 to increase the repulsion force. When a short-circuit current of high intensity appears, very large electrodynamic forces appear between the finger 16 and the contact 15.

Le doigt 16 est violemment repoussé.Finger 16 is violently pushed back.

L'arc apparaissant entre 15 et 16 commute de manière quasi instantanée sur les électrodes 6 et 8. Le reste du processus de coupure se déroule alors conformément à ce qui a été décrit. précédemment.The arc appearing between 15 and 16 switches almost instantaneously on the electrodes 6 and 8. The rest of the cutting process then takes place in accordance with what has been described. previously.

La figure 7 montre en coupe le disjoncteur limiteur dans son ensemble avec son enveloppe isolante 30.FIG. 7 shows in section the limiting circuit breaker as a whole with its insulating envelope 30.

Des tores basse tension 23 (figure 7) situés sur les traversées de l'enveloppe ont enregistré la brusque variation du courant, et par l'intermédiaire d'un relais électronique 24 et d'un percuteur à bas niveau d'énergie 25 (éléments connus) ont donné un ordre d'ouverture à la commande 26. Celle-ci entraîne, par l'arbre 31, la manivelle 32 et la bielle 20, les doigts 16 ainsi que les portes-contacts 19 en position d'ouverture avant que le doigt 16 sous l'action du ressort 17 revienne en contact de l'élément 15. Le doigt 16 vient en arrêt sur une butée 19a solidaire du porte-­contact 19.Low-voltage toroids 23 (FIG. 7) located on the crossings of the envelope recorded the sudden variation in current, and by means of an electronic relay 24 and a striker at low energy level 25 (elements known) gave an order to open the command 26. This drives, by the shaft 31, the crank 32 and the connecting rod 20, the fingers 16 and the contact carriers 19 in the open position before the finger 16 under the action of the spring 17 comes back into contact with the element 15. The finger 16 comes to a stop on a stop 19a secured to the contact carrier 19.

L'ensemble du disjoncteur, des tores basse tension, du relais électronique et de la commande, constituent un ensemble de protection autonome. Le relais électronique permet également de détecter les courants de défaut intermédiaires, et de créer une image thermique de l'appareil à protéger.The circuit breaker assembly, low voltage toroids, electronic relay and control, constitute an autonomous protection assembly. The electronic relay also makes it possible to detect intermediate fault currents, and to create a thermal image of the device to be protected.

Cet ensemble est donc particulièrement bien adapté à la protection des transformateurs moyenne tension de distribution publique, et à la protection des moteurs de forte puissance.This set is therefore particularly well suited to the protection of medium voltage transformers for public distribution, and to the protection of high power motors.

La figure 8 représente en coupe transversale la chambre de coupure d'un disjoncteur selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention.Figure 8 shows in cross section the breaking chamber of a circuit breaker according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.

Cette variante s'applique plus particulièrement aux disjonc­teurs de faible intensité nominale tel que :
- les disjoncteurs utilisés pour la commande et la protection des moteurs pour des tensions inférieures à 12 kV et des intensités nominales inférieures à 250 A, fonction assurée actuellement par des associations contacteurs plus fusibles,
- les disjoncteurs utilisés pour la commande et la protection des transformateurs de distribution publique pour des tensions inférieures à 36 kV et des courants nominaux inférieurs à 150 A, fonction assurée actuellement par des associations interrupteurs plus fusibles.This variant applies more particularly to circuit breakers of low nominal current such as:
- the circuit breakers used to control and protect the motors for voltages less than 12 kV and nominal currents less than 250 A, a function currently provided by more fuse contactor combinations,
- the circuit breakers used for the control and protection of public distribution transformers for voltages below 36 kV and nominal currents below 150 A, a function currently provided by more fusible switch combinations.

La chambre de coupure représentée dans la figure 8 est placée dans une enceinte métallique ou isolante unipolaire ou tripolaire, non représentée, remplie d'un gaz de haute tenue diélectrique tel que l'hexafluorure de soufre.The interrupting chamber shown in FIG. 8 is placed in a single-pole or three-pole metallic or insulating enclosure, not shown, filled with a gas of high dielectric strength such as sulfur hexafluoride.

La chambre de coupure comporte un arbre isolant 41 mobile en rotation entraînant simultanément une série de barrettes de contact 42 ; chaque barrette porte à ses extrémités un plot de contact 42a.The breaking chamber comprises an insulating shaft 41 movable in rotation simultaneously driving a series of contact strips 42; each bar carries at its ends a contact pad 42a.

La chambre de coupure comprend un boîtier isolant comprenant une pluralité de boîtiers élémentaires 43 assemblés par des tirants 43A. Chaque boîtier élémentaire est formé de deux éléments moulés assemblés par des fixations 43B.The breaking chamber comprises an insulating box comprising a plurality of elementary boxes 43 assembled by tie rods 43A. Each elementary housing is formed of two molded elements assembled by fasteners 43B.

Un boîtier comprend des trous calibrés 43C pour la mise en communication de l'intérieur du boîtier avec l'extérieur.A housing includes holes 43C calibrated for the communication of the interior of the housing with the exterior.

Le boîtier représenté dans la figure 8 a une section en forme de deux rectangles symétriques par rapport à l'arbre ; chaque boîtier possède une ouverture côté barrette ; à l'intérieur de chacune des parties de ce boîtier sont placées des plaques métalliques 49, disposées radialement en éventail, le plan des plaques passant par l'arbre 41. Les plaques des deux boîtiers adjacents sont coplanaires deux à deux.The housing shown in Figure 8 has a section in the form of two rectangles symmetrical with respect to the shaft; each box has an opening on the bar side; inside each of the parts of this housing are placed metal plates 49, arranged radially in a fan, the plane of the plates passing through the shaft 41. The plates of the two adjacent housings are coplanar in pairs.

Chaque plaque (figure 9) possède deux pattes 49A, 49C séparées par une intervalle 49B pour permettre le passage de la barrette 42.Each plate (FIG. 9) has two legs 49A, 49C separated by an interval 49B to allow the passage of the bar 42.

Pour augmenter le nombre des plaques on alterne une plaque courte et une plaque longue. Les plaques sont fixées par des joues latérales 49D.To increase the number of plates we alternate a plate short and a long plate. The plates are fixed by lateral cheeks 49D.

Le contact fixe comprend des plots de contact 44, équipés d'un ressort 45 assurant la pression de contact et guidé par un guide 46, une liaison conductrice déformable 47 et une barrette de liaison 48 avec le boîtier voisin.The fixed contact comprises contact pads 44, equipped with a spring 45 ensuring the contact pressure and guided by a guide 46, a deformable conductive link 47 and a connecting bar 48 with the neighboring housing.

On se réfère à la figure 11.We refer to figure 11.

A des intervalles réguliers définis par la tenue en torsion de l'arbre 41 se trouve intercalé entre les boîtiers de coupure un étage d'entraînement mécanique comprenant :
- un levier 50 solidaire de l'arbre 41, et un ressort 51 attaché sur le levier 50 et le boîtier 43.At regular intervals defined by the torsional resistance of the shaft 41 is interposed between the cut-off boxes a mechanical drive stage comprising:
a lever 50 secured to the shaft 41, and a spring 51 attached to the lever 50 and the housing 43.

L'effort donné par l'ensemble des ressorts 51 est légèrement supérieur à la somme des efforts de contact définis par les ressorts 44 et maintient de ce fait l'arbre 41 en position butée sur le boîtier 43.The force given by the set of springs 51 is slightly greater than the sum of the contact forces defined by the springs 44 and thereby keeps the shaft 41 in the abutment position on the housing 43.

Le point de fixation de ce ressort 51 sur le boîtier 43 peut en outre être disposé d'une façon telle qu'en position ouverte il maintienne l'arbre 41 dans cette position par passage d'un point mort.The attachment point of this spring 51 on the housing 43 can also be arranged in such a way that in the open position it maintains the shaft 41 in this position by passing from a neutral position.

L''étage mécanique comprend en outre :
- un levier 52 solidaire de l'arbre 41,
- une bielle 54 avec une lumière 54A de dimension telle que le mouvement d'ouverture de l'arbre 41 soit possible même si la bielle 54 reste immobile.
- un levier 56 articulé en 55 à la bielle 54 et solidaire d'un arbre 57 relié à une commande mécanique.The mechanical floor also includes:
a lever 52 secured to the shaft 41,
- A connecting rod 54 with a light 54A of dimension such that the opening movement of the shaft 41 is possible even if the connecting rod 54 remains stationary.
- A lever 56 articulated at 55 to the rod 54 and secured to a shaft 57 connected to a mechanical control.

Pour accélérer la vitesse de rotation de l'arbre 41 on peut également insérer un ou plusieurs étages accélérateurs.To accelerate the speed of rotation of the shaft 41, it is also possible to insert one or more accelerator stages.

Un tel étage accélérateur est représenté dans la figure 10. Sur une barrette 42 de l'arbre 41 les pastilles de contact sont remplacées par des éléments de haute tenue au choc 42B.Such an accelerator stage is shown in FIG. 10. On a bar 42 of the shaft 41 the contact pads are replaced by elements of high impact strength 42B.

Deux bobines 58 munies de noyaux 59, sont alimentées par le courant, les noyaux 59 viennent percuter les pastilles 42B assurant une mise en mouvement rapide de l'arbre 41.Two coils 58 provided with cores 59 are supplied with current, the cores 59 strike the pellets 42B ensuring rapid movement of the shaft 41.

Une chambre de coupure complète comprend donc une juxtaposition ou empilage de trois types de compartiments cités plus haut :
- des étages de coupure,
- des étages accélérateurs,
- des étages d'entraînement mécanique.A complete switching chamber therefore comprises a juxtaposition or stacking of three types of compartments mentioned above:
- breaking stages,
- accelerator stages,
- mechanical drive stages.

Le fonctionnement de ce disjoncteur est le suivant.The operation of this circuit breaker is as follows.

L'appareil est représenté en position fermé dans les figures 8, 10 et 11.The device is shown in the closed position in Figures 8, 10 and 11.

Un ordre d'ouverture donné à la commande mécanique entraîne l'arbre 57 en rotation suivant la flèche 0.An opening order given to the mechanical control drives the shaft 57 in rotation along arrow 0.

Par l'intermédiaire de la bielle 54 l'arbre 41 est entraîné suivant la flèche 0. L'arc apparaîssant entre les plots 42a et 44 est étiré devant les lames 49. Sous l'action du champ magnétique crée par le conducteur 47, l'arc lui-même et la barette 42, et renforcé par les cornes 42B, l'arc se déplace dans les plaques 49, se fragmente en arcs élémentaires ; la tension d'arc croît rapidement entraînant la limitation du courant, le symphasage du courant et de la tension et finalement l'extinction du courant.By means of the connecting rod 54 the shaft 41 is driven along arrow 0. The arc appearing between the studs 42a and 44 is drawn in front of the blades 49. Under the action of the magnetic field created by the conductor 47, l 'arc itself and the bar 42, and reinforced by the horns 42B, the arc moves in the plates 49, breaks up into elementary arcs; the arc voltage increases rapidly resulting in the limitation of the current, the symphasing of the current and the voltage and finally the extinction of the current.

Un ordre de fermeture donné à la commande mécanique entraîne l'arbre 57 en rotation suivant la flèche F.A closing order given to the mechanical control drives the shaft 57 in rotation along the arrow F.

Sous l'action des ressorts 51 l'arbre 41 est entraîné vers la position fermé.Under the action of the springs 51 the shaft 41 is driven towards the closed position.

Si un courant de court-circuit important apparaît l'appareil étant fermé ou en cours de fermeture, sous l'action des forces électrodynamique agissant entre les conducteurs 47 et les barret­tes 42 l'arbre 41 tourne suivant le sens 0. Ce mouvement étant possible quelque soit la position ou le mouvement de 57 grâce à la lumière 54A de la bielle 54. L'extinction de l'arc se produit alors de façon identique à celle observée lors d'une ouverture volontaire.If a large short-circuit current appears, the device being closed or being closed, under the action of electrodynamic forces acting between the conductors 47 and the bars 42 the shaft 41 rotates in the direction 0. This movement being possible whatever the position or the movement of 57 thanks to the light 54A of the connecting rod 54. The extinction of the arc then occurs in an identical manner to that observed during a voluntary opening.

Un ordre donné sur la commande entraîne l'arbre 57 en position d'ouverture et maintient l'arbre 41 en position ouverte.An order given on the command drives the shaft 57 in the open position and keeps the shaft 41 in the open position.

Cet ordre peut être donné par les éléments suivants :
- des capteurs constitués de tores basse tension placés autour des traversées de courant ou des câbles de départ de l'élément à protéger.
- d'un relais électronique recevant une information des capteurs et délivrant un signal à un percuteur à bas niveau d'énergie qui libère l'accrochage de la commande.This order can be given by the following elements:
- sensors made up of low-voltage toroids placed around current crossings or element start cables to protect.
- an electronic relay receiving information from the sensors and delivering a signal to a striker with a low energy level which releases the hooking of the command.

Ce relais peut en outre simuler une image thermique de l'appareil à protéger.This relay can also simulate a thermal image of the device to be protected.

L'invention s'applique aux disjoncteurs à moyenne et haute tension.The invention applies to medium and high voltage circuit breakers.

Claims (27)

1/ Disjoncteur à moyenne ou haute tension comprenant, dans une enveloppe remplie de gaz diélectrique sous pression, un contact principal fixe (2), et un contact principal mobile (3), ainsi qu'un contact fixe d'arc (6) et un contact mobile d'arc (7) entre lesquels s'établit un arc lors de leur séparation, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour fractionner l'arc en un grand nombre d'arc élémentaires, chaque arc élémentaire s'établissant entre deux plaques métalliques (12).1 / Medium or high voltage circuit breaker comprising, in an envelope filled with pressurized dielectric gas, a fixed main contact (2), and a movable main contact (3), as well as a fixed arcing contact (6) and a movable arc contact (7) between which an arc is established during their separation, characterized in that it comprises means for dividing the arc into a large number of elementary arcs, each elementary arc being established between two metal plates (12). 2/ Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le disjoncteur a une tension nominale égale à 12 kVolts et que le nombre de plaques (12) est compris entre 300 et 900.2 / A circuit breaker according to claim 1 characterized in that the circuit breaker has a nominal voltage equal to 12 kVolts and that the number of plates (12) is between 300 and 900. 3/ Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le disjoncteur a une tension nominale de 24 kVolts et que le nombre de plaques (12) est compris entre 600 et 1400.3 / Circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the circuit breaker has a nominal voltage of 24 kVolts and that the number of plates (12) is between 600 and 1400. 4/ Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le disjoncteur à une tension nominale de 36 kV et que le nombre de plaques (12) est compris entre 900 et 1800.4 / Circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the circuit breaker at a nominal voltage of 36 kV and that the number of plates (12) is between 900 and 1800. 5/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les plaques (12) sont en matériau magnétique.5 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plates (12) are made of magnetic material. 6/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les plaques (12) ont une épaisseur comprise entre 0,8 et 2 mm.6 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plates (12) have a thickness between 0.8 and 2 mm. 7/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les plaques (12) sont distantes d'une longueur comprise entre 0,8 et 1,5 mm.7 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the plates (12) are spaced by a length between 0.8 and 1.5 mm. 8/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens (13) pour déplacer l'arc et lui donner la forme d'un solénoïde.8 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises means (13) for moving the arc and giving it the form of a solenoid. 9/ Disjoncteur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les plaques (12) sont disposés parallèlement entre elles dans une pluralité de compartiments (9) adjacents, les plaques étant parallèle à la ligne passant par les contacts, lesdits compartiments étant ouverts sur la zone d'arc.9 / A circuit breaker according to claim 8, characterized in that the plates (12) are arranged parallel to each other in a plurality of adjacent compartments (9), the plates being parallel to the line passing through the contacts, said compartments being open on the arc area. 10/ Disjoncteur selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la cloison commune à deux compartiments adjacents est équipée d'une électrode métallique (13) dont une partie (13A) chevauche ladite cloison et ayant deux ailes (13B, 13C) s'étendant respective­ment dans chacun desdits compartiments adjacents, lesdites électrodes constituant,avec les plaques, lesdits moyens pour donner à l'arc la forme d'un solédoïde.10 / Circuit breaker according to claim 9, characterized in that the partition common to two adjacent compartments is equipped with a metal electrode (13) of which a part (13A) overlaps said partition and having two wings (13B, 13C) extending respectively in each of said adjacent compartments, said electrodes constituting, with the plates, said means for giving the arc the shape of a soledoid. 11/ Disjoncteur selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que lesdites ailes (13B, 13C) sont planes et que leur plan est perpendiculaire au plan des plaques du compartiment où elles se trouvent.11 / A circuit breaker according to claim 10, characterized in that said wings (13B, 13C) are planar and that their plane is perpendicular to the plane of the plates of the compartment where they are located. 12/ Disjoncteur selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que lesdites ailes (13B, 13C) font entre elles un angle voisin de 90 degrés.12 / A circuit breaker according to claim 11, characterized in that said wings (13B, 13C) form between them an angle close to 90 degrees. 13/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisé en ce que les parois des compartiments sont au moins partiellement revêtus d'une cloison (14) en matériau réfractaire.13 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the walls of the compartments are at least partially coated with a partition (14) of refractory material. 14/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 9 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les compartiments sont munis d'orifices (15) mettant en communication l'intérieur et l'extérieur.14 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the compartments are provided with orifices (15) connecting the interior and the exterior. 15/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que lesdits contacts principaux (2, 16) sont montés en répulsion.15 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that said main contacts (2, 16) are mounted in repulsion. 16/ Disjoncteur selon la revendication 15 caractérisé en ce que ledit contact principal mobile (16) comprend une partie rectiligne parcouru par le courant et coopérant pour la répulsion avec une partie rectiligne (15A) du contact principal fixe (2).16 / A circuit breaker according to claim 15 characterized in that said movable main contact (16) comprises a rectilinear part traversed by the current and cooperating for repulsion with a rectilinear part (15A) of the fixed main contact (2). 17/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé en ce qu'il est associé à des tores basse tension (23) disposés sur les traversées de l'enveloppe (30) et alimentant un circuit électronique (24) commandant un percuteur (25) agissant sur une commande mécanique (31, 32, 20).17 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that it is associated with low voltage toroids (23) arranged on the bushings of the envelope (30) and supplying an electronic circuit (24) controlling a striker (25) acting on a mechanical control (31, 32, 20). 18/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 caractérisé en ce que les plaques sont disposés en éventail selon des plans radiaux, le contact d'arc mobile étant une barrette se déplaçant autour d'un axe par lequel passent le plan desdites plaques.18 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the plates are arranged in a fan along planes radial, the movable arcing contact being a bar moving around an axis through which the plane of said plates pass. 19/ Disjoncteur selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que lesdites plaques sont placées dans un boîtier isolant présentant une ouverture en face de ladite barrette.19 / A circuit breaker according to claim 18, characterized in that said plates are placed in an insulating housing having an opening opposite said strip. 20/ Disjoncteur selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une pluralité de boîtiers adjacents, les plaques de deux boîtiers adjacents étant coplanaires deux à deux.20 / A circuit breaker according to claim 19, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of adjacent boxes, the plates of two adjacent boxes being coplanar two by two. 21/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 19 et 20, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier a en section, la forme de deux rectangles symétriques par rapport à l'arbre.21 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 19 and 20, characterized in that the housing has in section, the shape of two symmetrical rectangles with respect to the shaft. 22/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 19 à 21, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un étage d'entraînement mécanique de l'arbre (41) comprenant un levier (52) solidaire de l'arbre (41), une bielle (54) avec une lumière (54A) et un levier articulé à ladite bielle et solidaire d'un arbre (57) relié à une commande macanique.22 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that it comprises at least one mechanical drive stage of the shaft (41) comprising a lever (52) integral with the shaft (41), a connecting rod (54) with a light (54A) and a lever articulated to said connecting rod and secured to a shaft (57) connected to a mechanical control. 23/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendication 19 à 22, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un étage accélérateur comprenant au moins une bobine (58) traversé par le courant à couper et muni d'un percuteur (59) agissant sur ladite barrette (42).23 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that it comprises at least one accelerator stage comprising at least one coil (58) crossed by the current to be cut and provided with a striker (59) acting on said bar (42). 24/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 18 à 23, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des tores basse tension disposés sur les traversées de l'enveloppe alimentant un circuit électronique commandant un percuteur agissant sur une commande mécanique.24 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that it comprises low voltage toroids arranged on the bushings of the envelope supplying an electronic circuit controlling a striker acting on a mechanical control. 25/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 24, caractérisé en ce que les plaques (12, 49) présentent une échancrure axiale.25 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the plates (12, 49) have an axial notch. 26/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 18 à 25, caractérisé en ce que les plaques (49) ont une épaisseur comprise entre 0,8 et 2 millimètres.26 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 18 to 25, characterized in that the plates (49) have a thickness between 0.8 and 2 millimeters. 27/ Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 18 à 26, caractérisé en ce que les plaques (49) sont distantes d'une longueur comprise entre 0,8 et 1,5 millimètres.27 / Circuit breaker according to one of claims 18 to 26, characterized in that the plates (49) are spaced by a length between 0.8 and 1.5 millimeters.
EP90100360A 1989-01-10 1990-01-09 High or middle tension circuit breaker Expired - Lifetime EP0378161B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8900215 1989-01-10
FR8900215A FR2641643B1 (en) 1989-01-10 1989-01-10 HIGH OR MEDIUM VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0378161A1 true EP0378161A1 (en) 1990-07-18
EP0378161B1 EP0378161B1 (en) 1994-05-25

Family

ID=9377580

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90100360A Expired - Lifetime EP0378161B1 (en) 1989-01-10 1990-01-09 High or middle tension circuit breaker

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5066839A (en)
EP (1) EP0378161B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2611019B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE106160T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2007397C (en)
DE (1) DE69009070T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0378161T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2056251T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2641643B1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992016957A1 (en) * 1991-03-15 1992-10-01 British Technology Group Ltd Control of electric arcs
EP0678886A1 (en) * 1994-04-22 1995-10-25 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Medium or high voltage circuit-breaker
EP3933866A1 (en) * 2020-07-01 2022-01-05 ABB Schweiz AG A switching apparatus for electric power distribution grids

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2711269B1 (en) * 1993-10-12 1995-12-29 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa High voltage circuit breaker capable of breaking delayed zero crossing fault currents.

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US1940120A (en) * 1930-05-22 1933-12-19 Condit Electrical Mfg Corp Electric switch and arc extinguishing apparatus
US3728503A (en) * 1971-01-22 1973-04-17 Ite Imperial Corp Shock-proof arc chute for high voltage circuit breaker with metallic arc plates having off-set lines of openings
US4229630A (en) * 1980-03-17 1980-10-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Circuit breaker utilizing improved arc chambers
GB2090067A (en) * 1980-12-23 1982-06-30 Whipp Bourne 1975 Ltd Arc chutes for circuit-breakers

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US2362798A (en) * 1942-06-30 1944-11-14 Gen Electric Electric switchgear
GB568967A (en) * 1943-11-05 1945-04-27 David Reginald Davies Improvements in and relating to gas blast electric switches or circuit breakers
US2757261A (en) * 1951-07-19 1956-07-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupters
DE1064589B (en) * 1955-11-10 1959-09-03 Licentia Gmbh Electric switch with arc extinguishing chamber and magnetic blowing
FR1183278A (en) * 1957-11-05 1959-07-06 Merlin Gerin Improvements to magnetic blow switches
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US3139503A (en) * 1960-07-21 1964-06-30 Merlin Gerin Extinguishing device for electrical arcs
JPS5123871U (en) * 1974-08-13 1976-02-21
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US1940120A (en) * 1930-05-22 1933-12-19 Condit Electrical Mfg Corp Electric switch and arc extinguishing apparatus
US3728503A (en) * 1971-01-22 1973-04-17 Ite Imperial Corp Shock-proof arc chute for high voltage circuit breaker with metallic arc plates having off-set lines of openings
US4229630A (en) * 1980-03-17 1980-10-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Circuit breaker utilizing improved arc chambers
GB2090067A (en) * 1980-12-23 1982-06-30 Whipp Bourne 1975 Ltd Arc chutes for circuit-breakers

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992016957A1 (en) * 1991-03-15 1992-10-01 British Technology Group Ltd Control of electric arcs
GB2255233A (en) * 1991-03-15 1992-10-28 British Tech Group Arc extinguishing in switches.
EP0678886A1 (en) * 1994-04-22 1995-10-25 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Medium or high voltage circuit-breaker
FR2719152A1 (en) * 1994-04-22 1995-10-27 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Medium or high voltage circuit breaker.
US5616898A (en) * 1994-04-22 1997-04-01 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Medium-voltage or high-voltage circuit-breaker
EP3933866A1 (en) * 2020-07-01 2022-01-05 ABB Schweiz AG A switching apparatus for electric power distribution grids

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69009070T2 (en) 1994-09-08
CA2007397A1 (en) 1990-07-10
ES2056251T3 (en) 1994-10-01
DK0378161T3 (en) 1994-07-18
JPH02236922A (en) 1990-09-19
CA2007397C (en) 1994-03-22
FR2641643B1 (en) 1991-03-22
FR2641643A1 (en) 1990-07-13
DE69009070D1 (en) 1994-06-30
JP2611019B2 (en) 1997-05-21
EP0378161B1 (en) 1994-05-25
US5066839A (en) 1991-11-19
ATE106160T1 (en) 1994-06-15

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