EP0374292B1 - Apparatus and process for smoothing and calibrating paper, in particular photographic basic paper - Google Patents
Apparatus and process for smoothing and calibrating paper, in particular photographic basic paper Download PDFInfo
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- EP0374292B1 EP0374292B1 EP88121477A EP88121477A EP0374292B1 EP 0374292 B1 EP0374292 B1 EP 0374292B1 EP 88121477 A EP88121477 A EP 88121477A EP 88121477 A EP88121477 A EP 88121477A EP 0374292 B1 EP0374292 B1 EP 0374292B1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
- D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for smoothing and calibrating papers with at least four rollers arranged one next to the other.
- Smoothing units usually consist of several hard rollers (e.g. steel) arranged one above the other.
- the paper web runs through the "hard” nips and is compressed and smoothed depending on the applied pressure.
- Calenders usually consist of several rollers arranged one above the other, which alternately consist of hard rollers (e.g. steel) and soft rollers (e.g. paper-coated steel rollers).
- hard rollers e.g. steel
- soft rollers e.g. paper-coated steel rollers
- Smoothing units which are mostly integrated in paper machines (machine smoothing units), compress and smooth the paper with normal pressures. Fluctuations in the thickness of the paper are compensated, the paper is calibrated. The result is a compacted paper with a leveled surface. For this, uneven density, reduced thickness, rigidity and opacity and in extreme cases gloss bottle on the surface have to be accepted.
- Calenders which are usually operated as separate units, compress the paper with normal pressures and additional deformation forces caused by flexing work in the nips. In addition to the compression of the paper, the flexing work also compensates for differences in density in the paper structure to a limited extent. The result is a uniform, compressed paper with a glossy, smoother, but less flat surface without a gloss bottle. Reduced thickness, rigidity and opacity have to be accepted.
- Layer support materials for photosensitive layers should have high-level surfaces in order to "photograph to largely avoid mottle.
- the photographic term “mottle” is described in DE 34 26 782.
- the base paper In order to achieve a high-level end product, the base paper must have surfaces that are as flat as possible. Calenders, which predominantly produce gloss and smoothness, have therefore not proven themselves for the production of base papers for substrates of light-sensitive materials. Rather, the smoothing units are preferably used to level the paper surfaces.
- a smoothing unit consists of 2 to 10 rollers, which are usually arranged vertically one above the other and is preferably located in a paper machine between drying and reeling.
- the bottom carrier roller provided with a drive can be cambered and is larger in diameter than the remaining rollers.
- the remaining rollers are usually the same diameter, but sometimes the top and second bottom rollers are slightly larger in diameter than the others.
- a smoothing machine is described, for example, in G.A., Smook - Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists - Edition 1982, pages 254-258.
- High pressure in the nip not only reduces the volume of the paper, but also increases the width (transverse expansion) of the paper web.
- the paper web fixed in the nip cannot, however, expand freely in width. If the pressure in the first nip of a smoothing unit is too high, this can lead to longitudinal folds in the paper, which can be ironed in under certain circumstances and damage the roller surfaces. This risk increases with a lower basis weight (see: Weinblatt für Textilfabrikation 22, 1985, page 859). Even high-pressure smoothing units with 7 to 14 rollers are therefore in many cases unable to achieve the desired compression without the disadvantages that occur at the same time.
- the rigid crowning of the support roller or the support roller and one or two further rollers which is customary in machine smoothing plants, is also disadvantageous because the flexibility of the system is thereby limited.
- the roller temperatures, which change with the working and external conditions, are also disadvantageous.
- smoothing machines, into which the paper coming from the dryer section of a paper machine runs directly show considerable temperature fluctuations, which are often linked to additional deformations of the rollers and differences in the thickness of the paper between the web edge and web center, which cannot be compensated by roller crowning.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a device in the nips of which such a pressure is ensured that a highly smooth and "pit" -free paper is obtained, that is to say the paper structure is not damaged in the manner described.
- the first two rollers, in the gap of which the paper first enters consist of rollers of larger diameter than the remaining rollers with the exception of the carrier roller, the ratio of the diameter of the thicker rollers to the diameter of the thinner roller (s). such as 1: 0.45 - 0.7, and that the thicker rolls have a ratio between roll length and roll diameter of 4: 1 to 8: 1 and the thinner rolls have a ratio of 10: 1 to 14: 1.
- the first and the last roller are bending compensation rollers.
- Adjacent rolls of the device according to the invention can always have different diameters and temperature-controlled rolls can ensure the continuous supply or removal of the thermal energy.
- a deflecting roller can be assigned to each smoothing roller and the device is preferably integrated in a paper machine line.
- the device according to the invention has at least four rollers, the the first and last rolls are zone controlled bend compensation rolls.
- the device for smoothing and calibrating paper is controlled in terms of process so that the pressure curve in the smoothing unit with a final pressure in the last gap between 150 and 300 N / mm, the reduction in thickness of the base paper after passing through the first gap is 50-70% of the total reduction in thickness .
- Photographic base paper is preferably smoothed using the device and the method operated therein.
- the calender consists of at least three rollers arranged one next to the other.
- a carrier roller with a larger diameter is dispensed with and only one of the two larger rollers is designed as a zone-controlled bending compensation roller.
- This smoothing unit also works according to the invention, but can only be used for smaller paper web work.
- Example 1 A 180 g / m2 heavy base paper with a specific volume of 1.33 cm3 / g was smoothed and calibrated using a 5-roll calender.
- the smoothing unit contained the following combination of rollers: roller 1 (above) 700 mm diameter 2nd 650 mm “ 3rd 400 mm “ 4th 450 mm “ 5 (below) 600 mm " The line pressure in the penultimate gap was 220 N / mm.
- Example 2 A 150 g / m2 heavy photo base paper with a specific volume of 1.35 cm3 / g was smoothed and calibrated using a 7-roll smoothing unit.
- the smoothing unit contained the following combination of rollers: roller 1 (above) 710 mm diameter 2nd 760 mm “ 3rd 400 mm “ 4th 450 mm “ 5 400 mm “ 6 450 mm “ 7 (below) 820 mm " Rolls 1 and 7 were zone controlled bend compensation rolls (Nipco rolls). The line pressure in the penultimate gap was 180 N / mm. Comparison to Example 1: The photo base paper from Example 1 was smoothed and calibrated using a 5-roll smoothing unit.
- the smoothing unit contained the following roller combination: roller 1 (above) 500 mm diameter 2nd 400 mm “ 3rd 400 mm “ 4th 400 mm “ 5 (below) 600 mm " The line pressure in the penultimate gap was 220 N / mm. Comparison to Example 2: The photo base paper from Example 2 was smoothed and calibrated using a 7-roll smoothing unit.
- the smoothing unit contained the following combination of rollers: roller 1 (above) 500 mm diameter 2nd 400 mm " 3rd 400 mm “ 4th 400 mm “ 5 400 mm " 6 400 mm “ 7 (below) 600 mm " The line pressure in the penultimate gap was 180 N / mm. Rolls 1 and 7 were zone controlled bend compensation rolls (Nipco rolls). The line pressure in the penultimate gap was 180 N / mm.
- Tab. 1 example spec. Volume after calibration Pit level Wrinkles after the 1st gap 1 0.96 2nd No 2nd 0.90 2nd No Compare to 1 0.93 3-4 Yes Compare to 2 0.89 3rd Yes
- the more gentle compression of the fiber structure allows for smooth, even at high line pressures.
- the "pit level" can be significantly reduced by the gentler driving style of the smoothing device according to the invention.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Glätten und Kalibrieren von Papieren mit wenigstens vier aneinander angeordneten Walzen.The invention relates to a device for smoothing and calibrating papers with at least four rollers arranged one next to the other.
Um die Oberflächencharakteristik eines fertigen Papiers zu verändern, ohne zusätzliche Schichten aufzutragen, haben sich in der Papierindustrie Glättwerke und Kalander durchgesetzt. Beide glätten, ebnen und verdichten das Papier.In order to change the surface characteristics of a finished paper without applying additional layers, smoothing units and calenders have become established in the paper industry. Both smooth, level and compress the paper.
Glättwerke bestehen üblicherweise aus mehreren übereinander angeordneten harten Walzen (z.B. Stahl). Die Papierbahn durchläuft die "harten" Walzenspalten und wird, abhängig vom aufgegebenen Druck, verdichtet und geglättet.Smoothing units usually consist of several hard rollers (e.g. steel) arranged one above the other. The paper web runs through the "hard" nips and is compressed and smoothed depending on the applied pressure.
Kalander bestehen üblicherweise aus mehreren übereinander angeordneten Walzen, die abwechselnd aus harten Walzen (z.B. Stahl) und weichen Walzen (z.B. papierbelegte Stahlwalzen) bestehen. Die Papierbahn durchläuft auch hier die Walzenspalten und wird, unabhängig vom aufgegebenen Druck, verdichtet und geglättet.Calenders usually consist of several rollers arranged one above the other, which alternately consist of hard rollers (e.g. steel) and soft rollers (e.g. paper-coated steel rollers). Here, too, the paper web runs through the nips and is compressed and smoothed, regardless of the pressure applied.
Durch die unterschiedlichen Walzenkombinationen lassen sich unterschiedliche Ergebnisse erzielen, so daß sich für beide Aggregate auch unterschiedliche Anwendungsbereiche ergeben haben.Different results can be achieved by the different roller combinations, so that different areas of application have arisen for both units.
Glättwerke, die meistens in Papiermaschinen integriert sind (Maschinenglättwerke), verdichten und glätten das Papier mit Normaldrücken. Dickeschwankungen des Papieres werden ausgeglichen, das Papier wird kalibriert. Es resultiert ein verdichtetes Papier mit eingeebneter Oberfläche. Dafür müssen ungleichmäßige Dichte, verminderte Dicke, Steifigkeit und Opazität sowie im Extremfall Glanzmottle auf der Oberfläche in Kauf genommen werden.Smoothing units, which are mostly integrated in paper machines (machine smoothing units), compress and smooth the paper with normal pressures. Fluctuations in the thickness of the paper are compensated, the paper is calibrated. The result is a compacted paper with a leveled surface. For this, uneven density, reduced thickness, rigidity and opacity and in extreme cases gloss bottle on the surface have to be accepted.
Kalander, die meistens als separate Aggregate betrieben werden, verdichten das Papier mit Normaldrücken und durch zusätzliche Verformungskräfte, hervorgerufen durch Walkarbeit in den Walzenspalten. Durch die Walkarbeit werden neben der Verdichtung des Papiers auch Dichteunterschiede im Papiergefüge in Grenzen ausgeglichen. Es resultiert ein gleichmäßiges verdichtetes Papier mit glänzender, glatterer, jedoch weniger ebener Oberfläche ohne Glanzmottle. Dafür müssen verminderte Dicke, Steifigkeit und Opazität in Kauf genommen werden.Calenders, which are usually operated as separate units, compress the paper with normal pressures and additional deformation forces caused by flexing work in the nips. In addition to the compression of the paper, the flexing work also compensates for differences in density in the paper structure to a limited extent. The result is a uniform, compressed paper with a glossy, smoother, but less flat surface without a gloss bottle. Reduced thickness, rigidity and opacity have to be accepted.
Die beschriebenen grundsätzlich unterschiedlichen Auswirkungen beider Aggregate sind in ihren Dimensionen natürlich auch abhängig vom Papieraufbau, einem Feuchtegehalt und seiner Zusammensetzung sowie von der Höhe des angewandten Druckes und der Bahntemperatur bei der Bearbeitung.The fundamentally different effects of the two aggregates described are of course also dependent on the paper structure, moisture content and composition, as well as the level of pressure applied and the web temperature during processing.
Schichtträgermaterialien für lichtempfindliche Schichten sollen hochebene Oberflächen aufweisen, um "fotografischen mottle" weitgehend zu vermeiden. Der fotografische "mottle"-Begriff ist in DE 34 26 782 beschrieben.Layer support materials for photosensitive layers should have high-level surfaces in order to "photograph to largely avoid mottle. The photographic term "mottle" is described in DE 34 26 782.
Um ein hochebenes Endprodukt zu erzielen, muß schon das Basispapier möglichst ebene Oberflächen aufweisen. Kalander, die überwiegend Glanz und Glätte erzeugen, haben sich deshalb für die Herstellung von Basispapieren für Schichtträger lichtempfindlicher Materialien nicht bewährt. Zum Einebnen der Papieroberflächen bedient man sich vielmehr vorzugsweise der Glättwerke.In order to achieve a high-level end product, the base paper must have surfaces that are as flat as possible. Calenders, which predominantly produce gloss and smoothness, have therefore not proven themselves for the production of base papers for substrates of light-sensitive materials. Rather, the smoothing units are preferably used to level the paper surfaces.
Ein Glättwerk besteht aus 2 bis 10 Walzen, die üblicherweise senkrecht übereinander angeordnet sind und befindet sich vorzugsweise in einer Papiermaschine zwischen Trocknung und Aufrollung. Die unterste, mit einem Antrieb versehene Trägerwalze kann bombiert sein und ist im Durchmesser größer als die restlichen Walzen. Die restlichen Walzen haben in der Regel gleiche Durchmesser, manchmal jedoch sind die oberste und die zweitunterste Walze im Durchmesser geringfügig größer als die anderen. Ein Maschinenglättwerk ist beispielsweise in G.A., Smook - Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists - Ausgabe 1982, Seiten 254 - 258 beschrieben.A smoothing unit consists of 2 to 10 rollers, which are usually arranged vertically one above the other and is preferably located in a paper machine between drying and reeling. The bottom carrier roller provided with a drive can be cambered and is larger in diameter than the remaining rollers. The remaining rollers are usually the same diameter, but sometimes the top and second bottom rollers are slightly larger in diameter than the others. A smoothing machine is described, for example, in G.A., Smook - Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists - Edition 1982, pages 254-258.
Um ein Papier zu kalibrieren, d.h. um einem Papier an allen Orten eine identische Dicke zu geben, ist der durch das Eigengewicht der Walzen eines Glättwerks gegebene Druck normalerweise zu gering. Das Glättwerk wird deshalb zusätzlich mit Druck belastet. Bei Druckbelastung neigen jedoch gestapelte Walzen in einem Glättwerk dazu, ihre Lage zu verändern und seitlich auszuweichen. Selbst kleine Veränderungen der Lage einer Walze machen sich durch ein verändertes Dickenprofil des Papiers, quer über die Bahn gemessen, bemerkbar. Je mehr Walzen ein Glättwerk besitzt, desto geringer kann der Zusatzdruck sein, aber um so schwieriger ist die exakte Fixierung der Walzenlage zu beherrschen. Weniger Walzen bedingen andererseits einen höheren Druck. In der Praxis werden deshalb Maschinenglättwerke mit 4 bis 7 Walzen bevorzugt.In order to calibrate a paper, ie to give a paper an identical thickness at all locations, the pressure given by the weight of the rollers of a calender is normally too low. The smoothing system is therefore additionally burdened with pressure. When pressure is applied, however, stacked rollers in a smoothing unit tend to change their position and move sideways. Even small changes in the position of a roller are noticeable through a changed thickness profile of the paper, measured across the web. The more rollers a calender has, the lower the additional pressure can be, but the more difficult it is to control the exact position of the roller position. On the other hand, fewer rollers require a higher pressure. In practice, smoothing machines with 4 to 7 rollers are therefore preferred.
Walzenanzahl und Druckbelastung müssen jedoch immer auf die Anforderungen des Papiers abgestimmt werden. Bei relativ hohen Verdichtungen, wie sie zur Herstellung fotografischer Basispapiere erwünscht und üblich sind, werden deshalb Maschinenglättwerke mit 8 bis 14 Walzen bevorzugt. Eine geringere Walzenzahl würde wegen der dann erforderlichen hohen Drücke zu einer teilweisen Zerstörung des Fasergefüges führen. Selbst bei den 8 bis 14 Walzen-Hochdruckglättwerken können noch Liniendrücke bis zu 300 N/mm oder mehr auftreten, ein Druckbereich, der für das beschriebene "Ausweichen" der Glättwerkwalzen prädestiniert ist.However, the number of rollers and the pressure load must always be matched to the requirements of the paper. At relatively high densities, as are desired and customary for the production of photographic base papers, machine smoothing units with 8 to 14 rollers are therefore preferred. A lower number of rollers would lead to a partial destruction of the fiber structure due to the high pressures then required. Even with the 8 to 14 roller high-pressure smoothing units, line pressures of up to 300 N / mm or more can occur, a pressure range which is predestined for the described "dodging" of the smoothing unit rollers.
Hoher Druck bewirkt im Walzenspalt neben einer Volumenverminderung des Papiers einen Breitenzuwachs (Querdehnung) der Papierbahn. Die im Walzenspalt fixierte Papierbahn kann sich jedoch nicht frei in die Breite ausdehnen. Dies kann bei zu starker Druckbelastung im ersten Walzenspalt (Nip) eines Glättwerks zu Längsfalten im Papier führen, die unter Umständen eingebügelt werden und die Walzenoberflächen beschädigen können. Diese Gefahr wird mit geringerem Flächengewicht größer (Vergleiche: Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation 22, 1985, Seite 859). Selbst Hochdruckglättwerke mit 7 bis 14 Walzen sind daher in vielen Fällen nicht in der Lage, die gewünschte Verdichtung ohne gleichzeitig auftretende Nachteile zu realisieren.High pressure in the nip not only reduces the volume of the paper, but also increases the width (transverse expansion) of the paper web. The paper web fixed in the nip cannot, however, expand freely in width. If the pressure in the first nip of a smoothing unit is too high, this can lead to longitudinal folds in the paper, which can be ironed in under certain circumstances and damage the roller surfaces. This risk increases with a lower basis weight (see: Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation 22, 1985, page 859). Even high-pressure smoothing units with 7 to 14 rollers are therefore in many cases unable to achieve the desired compression without the disadvantages that occur at the same time.
Als nachteilig stellte sich ferner heraus, daß bei hoher Verdichtung des Basispapiers im ersten Nip als Folge des Einschlusses von Luft im Papiervlies kleine Hohlräume entstehen. Bei der nachfolgenden beidseitigen Beschichtung des verdichteten Basispapiers mit Polyolefinharz im Extrusionsbeschichtungsverfahren dehnt sich die in den Hohlräumen verbliebene Luft zunächst bei Erwärmung aus. Im Verlauf der anschließenden, im Kontakt mit dem Kühlzylinder erfolgenden Abkühlung schrumpfen die eingeschlossenen Luftblasen, und der darüber befindliche Polyolefinfilm fällt ein zu winzigen Vertiefungen, sogenannten "pits". Diese "pits" sind nach späterer Emulsionierung und Bebilderung als deutlich sichtbare Störung im fotografischen Bild unerwünscht. Auch diese Erscheinung setzte dem Einsatz von Hochdruckglättwerken Grenzen.It also turned out to be disadvantageous that when the base paper is highly compressed in the first nip, small voids are formed as a result of the inclusion of air in the paper fleece. In the subsequent double-sided coating of the compressed base paper with polyolefin resin in the extrusion coating process, the air remaining in the cavities initially expands when heated. In the course of the subsequent cooling, which takes place in contact with the cooling cylinder, the enclosed air bubbles shrink and the polyolefin film located above falls into tiny pits. After subsequent emulsioning and imaging, these "pits" are undesirable as a clearly visible disturbance in the photographic image. This phenomenon also limited the use of high-pressure smoothing units.
Schließlich erwies sich als nachteilig, daß bei üblichen Glättwerken mit Walzen gleichen Durchmessers in bestimmten Bereichen der Bahngeschwindigkeit Resonanzschwingungen in den Walzen auftraten. Diese führten zu quer über die Papierbahn verlaufenden Markierungen, die aus Streifen abweichender Verdichtung bestanden und selbst nach Polyolefinharzbeschichtung als Oberflächenstörungen erkennbar blieben. Dieser Nachteil setzt bestimmte Grenzen im Hinblick auf eine wünschenswerte stufenlose Veränderung bzw. Anpassung der Maschinengeschwindigkeit.Finally, it turned out to be disadvantageous that in conventional calenders with rollers of the same diameter in certain In the areas of the web speed, resonance vibrations occurred in the rolls. These led to markings running across the paper web, which consisted of stripes of different densification and remained recognizable as surface defects even after polyolefin resin coating. This disadvantage sets certain limits with regard to a desirable continuous change or adaptation of the machine speed.
Auch die bei Maschinenglättwerken übliche starre Bombierung der Tragewalze bzw. der Tragewalze und ein oder zwei weiteren Walzen ist nachteilig, weil dadurch die Flexibilität der Anlage begrenzt ist. Auch die mit den Arbeits- und Außenbedingungen wechselnden Walzentemperaturen sind nachteilig. Vor allem Maschinenglättwerke, in die das aus der Trockenpartie einer Papiermaschine kommende Papier direkt einläuft, zeigen erhebliche Temperaturschwankungen, die häufig mit zusätzlichen Verformungen der Walzen und Dickenunterschieden des Papiers zwischen Bahnkante und Bahnmitte verknüpft sind, die durch Walzenbombierung nicht aufgefangen werden können.The rigid crowning of the support roller or the support roller and one or two further rollers, which is customary in machine smoothing plants, is also disadvantageous because the flexibility of the system is thereby limited. The roller temperatures, which change with the working and external conditions, are also disadvantageous. Above all, smoothing machines, into which the paper coming from the dryer section of a paper machine runs directly, show considerable temperature fluctuations, which are often linked to additional deformations of the rollers and differences in the thickness of the paper between the web edge and web center, which cannot be compensated by roller crowning.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es also, eine Vorrichtung bereitzustellen, in deren Walzenspalten ein solcher Druck gewährleistet ist, daß ein hochglattes- und "pit"-freies Papier erhalten wird, das Papiergefüge also nicht in der beschriebenen Art beschädigt wird.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a device in the nips of which such a pressure is ensured that a highly smooth and "pit" -free paper is obtained, that is to say the paper structure is not damaged in the manner described.
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe dadurch, daß die beiden ersten Walzen, in deren Spalt das Papier zuerst einläuft, aus Walzen größeren Durchmessers bestehen als die restlichen Walzen mit Ausnahme der Trägerwalze, wobei das Verhältnis der Durchmesser der dickeren Walzen zum Durchmesser der dünneren Walze(n) wie 1: 0,45 - 0,7 ist, und daß die dickeren Walzen ein Verhältnis zwischen Walzenlänge und Walzendurchmesser von 4 : 1 bis 8 : 1 haben und die dünneren Walzen ein Verhältnis von 10 : 1 bis 14 : 1.The object is achieved in that the first two rollers, in the gap of which the paper first enters, consist of rollers of larger diameter than the remaining rollers with the exception of the carrier roller, the ratio of the diameter of the thicker rollers to the diameter of the thinner roller (s). such as 1: 0.45 - 0.7, and that the thicker rolls have a ratio between roll length and roll diameter of 4: 1 to 8: 1 and the thinner rolls have a ratio of 10: 1 to 14: 1.
Gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform sind die erste und die letzte Walze Biegungsausgleichswalzen.According to a particular embodiment, the first and the last roller are bending compensation rollers.
Benachbarte Walzen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung können stets unterschiedliche Durchmesser haben und temperaturgeregelte Walzen können für die kontinuierliche Zu- oder Abführung der thermischen Energie sorgen.Adjacent rolls of the device according to the invention can always have different diameters and temperature-controlled rolls can ensure the continuous supply or removal of the thermal energy.
Jeder Glättwerkwalze kann eine Umlenkwalze zugeordnet sein und die Vorrichtung ist vorzugsweise in eine Papiermaschinenlinie integriert.A deflecting roller can be assigned to each smoothing roller and the device is preferably integrated in a paper machine line.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführung weist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung wenigstens vier Walzen auf, wobei die erste und die letzte Walze zonengesteuerte Biegungsausgleichswalzen sind.According to a preferred embodiment, the device according to the invention has at least four rollers, the the first and last rolls are zone controlled bend compensation rolls.
Die Vorrichtung zur Glättung und Kalibrierung von Papieren wird verfahrensmäßig so gesteuert, daß der Druckverlauf in dem Glättwerk bei einem Enddruck im letzten Spalt zwischen 150 und 300 N/mm die Dickenreduktion des Rohpapiers nach Durchgang durch den ersten Spalt 50 - 70 % der gesamten Dickenreduktion beträgt.The device for smoothing and calibrating paper is controlled in terms of process so that the pressure curve in the smoothing unit with a final pressure in the last gap between 150 and 300 N / mm, the reduction in thickness of the base paper after passing through the first gap is 50-70% of the total reduction in thickness .
Mit der Vorrichtung und dem darin betriebenen Verfahren wird vorzugsweise fotografisches Basispapier geglättet.Photographic base paper is preferably smoothed using the device and the method operated therein.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand von zwei ausgewählten Beispielen nachfolgend näher erläutert:
In einer besonderen Ausführungsform besteht das Glättwerk aus wenigstens drei aneinander angeordneten Walzen. Hierbei wird auf eine im Durchmesser größere Trägerwalze verzichtet und nur eine der beiden größeren Walzen ist als zonengesteuerte Biegungsausgleichswalze ausgebildet. Dieses Glättwerk arbeitet ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß, kann jedoch nur für geringere Papierbahnarbeiten eingesetzt werden.
Beispiel 1: Ein 180 g/m² schweres Fotobasispapier mit einem spezifischen Volumen von 1,33 cm³/g wurde mittels eines 5-Walzen-Glättwerks geglättet und kalibriert.
Das Glättwerk enthielt folgende Walzenkombination:
Beispiel 2: Ein 150 g/m² schweres Fotobasispapier mit einem spezifischen Volumen von 1,35 cm³/g wurde mittels eines 7-Walzen-Glättwerks geglättet und kalibriert.
Das Glättwerk enthielt folgende Walzenkombination:
Der Liniendruck im vorletzten Spalt betrug 180 N/mm.
Vergleich zu Beispiel 1: Das Fotobasispapier aus Beispiel 1 wurde mittels eines 5-Walzen-Glättwerks geglättet und kalibriert.
Das Glättwerk enthielt folgende Walzenkomination:
Vergleich zu Beispiel 2: Das Fotobasispapier aus Beispiel 2 wurde mittels eines 7-Walzen-Glättwerks geglättet und kalibriert.
Das Glättwerk enthielt folgende Walzenkombination:
Die Walzen 1 und 7 waren zonengesteuerte Biegungsausgleichswalzen (Nipco-Walzen). Der Liniendruck im vorletzten Spalt betrug 180 N/mm.The invention will now be explained in more detail using two selected examples:
In a special embodiment, the calender consists of at least three rollers arranged one next to the other. Here, a carrier roller with a larger diameter is dispensed with and only one of the two larger rollers is designed as a zone-controlled bending compensation roller. This smoothing unit also works according to the invention, but can only be used for smaller paper web work.
Example 1: A 180 g / m² heavy base paper with a specific volume of 1.33 cm³ / g was smoothed and calibrated using a 5-roll calender.
The smoothing unit contained the following combination of rollers:
Example 2: A 150 g / m² heavy photo base paper with a specific volume of 1.35 cm³ / g was smoothed and calibrated using a 7-roll smoothing unit.
The smoothing unit contained the following combination of rollers:
The line pressure in the penultimate gap was 180 N / mm.
Comparison to Example 1: The photo base paper from Example 1 was smoothed and calibrated using a 5-roll smoothing unit.
The smoothing unit contained the following roller combination:
Comparison to Example 2: The photo base paper from Example 2 was smoothed and calibrated using a 7-roll smoothing unit.
The smoothing unit contained the following combination of rollers:
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1.
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2. Pitsniveau: Die Oberfläche einer Papierprobe wird mit einem Mikroskop betrachtet. Eine kreisförmige Objektfläche von 10 mm Durchmesser wird bei 20facher Vergrößerung unter Streiflicht beleuchtet. Im reflektierten Licht sind auf einem Bildschirm die Pits als dunkle Punkte zu erkennen.
Je nach Anzahl und Größe wird ein qualitatives Urteil abgegeben, wobei 1 = keine Pits und 5 = sehr viele und große Pits bedeuten.2. Pits level: The surface of a paper sample is viewed with a microscope. A circular object surface with a diameter of 10 mm is illuminated at 20x magnification under grazing light. In the reflected light, the pits can be recognized as dark points on a screen.
Depending on the number and size, a qualitative judgment is given, where 1 = no pits and 5 = very many and large pits.
Die einzelnen Stufen der Glättung und Kalibrierung sind den Abbildungen 1 und 2 zu entnehmen.The individual levels of smoothing and calibration can be seen in Figures 1 and 2.
Die schonendere Verdichtung des Fasergefüges gestattet es, auch bei hohen Liniendrücken faltenfrei im Glättwerk zu produzieren. Insbesondere das "Pitsniveau" läßt sich durch die schonendere Fahrweise des erfindungsgemäß arbeitenden Glättwerks deutlich reduzieren.The more gentle compression of the fiber structure allows for smooth, even at high line pressures. In particular, the "pit level" can be significantly reduced by the gentler driving style of the smoothing device according to the invention.
Claims (9)
- Apparatus for smoothing and calibrating paper, especially photographic basic papers, comprising at least three hard rolls disposed adjacent to one another, characterized in that the first two rolls, into the gap of which the paper first enters, consist of rolls of larger diameter than the other rolls with the exception of the carrier roll, the ratio of the diameter of the thicker rolls to the diameter of the thinner roll or rolls being 1:0.45 to 0.7, and that the thicker rolls have a ratio between roll length and roll diameter of 4:1 to 8:1 and the thinner rolls a ratio of 10:1 to 14:1.
- Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first and last rolls are zone-controlled bending compensation rolls.
- Apparatus according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that adjacent rolls always have different diameters.
- Apparatus according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that temperature-controlled rolls assure the controlled feed or removal of thermal energy.
- Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that a guide roll is associated with each glazer smoothing roll.
- Apparatus according to Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is integrated into a papermaking machine production line.
- Apparatus according to Claim 6, characterized in that it comprises at least four hard rolls disposed adjacent to one another, the first and the last rolls being zone-controlled bending compensation rolls.
- Process for smoothing and calibrating papers with apparatus according to Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pressure pattern in the glazer, for a final pressure in the last gap of between 150 and 300 N/mm, is controlled so that the reduction in thickness of the raw paper after passing through the first gap is 50 to 70% of the total reduction in thickness.
- Use of a process and an apparatus according to Claims 1 to 8 for smoothing photographic basic paper.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88121477A EP0374292B1 (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1988-12-22 | Apparatus and process for smoothing and calibrating paper, in particular photographic basic paper |
| DE88121477T DE3883774D1 (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1988-12-22 | Device and method for smoothing and calibrating paper, in particular photographic base papers. |
| AT88121477T ATE93913T1 (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1988-12-22 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR STRAIGHTENING AND CALIBRATION OF PAPER, ESPECIALLY PHOTOGRAPHIC BASE PAPER. |
| JP1271917A JPH02175992A (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1989-10-20 | Method and apparatus to smooth paper and decide its thickness |
| US07/454,516 US5060565A (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1989-12-21 | Smoothing and calibrating of paper |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88121477A EP0374292B1 (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1988-12-22 | Apparatus and process for smoothing and calibrating paper, in particular photographic basic paper |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0374292A1 EP0374292A1 (en) | 1990-06-27 |
| EP0374292B1 true EP0374292B1 (en) | 1993-09-01 |
Family
ID=8199704
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88121477A Expired - Lifetime EP0374292B1 (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1988-12-22 | Apparatus and process for smoothing and calibrating paper, in particular photographic basic paper |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5060565A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0374292B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH02175992A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE93913T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3883774D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4446473C1 (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1996-03-07 | Maurer Ingo | Method for producing paper lamp shade |
| DE10101182C1 (en) * | 2001-01-12 | 2002-01-24 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Calender to polish paper web surfaces has an additional nip in front of the roller stack with soft rollers to give an initial surface polish and prevent oscillations and vibrations which could form visible bars in the paper |
| DE10206333C1 (en) † | 2002-02-14 | 2003-07-31 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Wide nip calender arrangement and method for satinizing a paper or Karrton web |
| US6998019B2 (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2006-02-14 | Fibermark, Inc. | Glazed paper webs |
| US20050031805A1 (en) * | 2003-06-17 | 2005-02-10 | Fugitt Gary P. | Pigment selection for photographic base stock |
| US20050032644A1 (en) * | 2003-06-17 | 2005-02-10 | Brelsford Gregg L. | Binder selection for coated photographic base stock |
| US20050028951A1 (en) * | 2003-06-17 | 2005-02-10 | Brelsford Gregg L. | Smooth base stock composed of nonstandard fibers |
| WO2004114015A1 (en) | 2003-06-17 | 2004-12-29 | Newpage Corporation | Binder selection for coated photographic base stock |
| EP4283039A1 (en) | 2022-05-24 | 2023-11-29 | Andritz Küsters GmbH | Device for smoothing and applying an application medium |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE252151C (en) * | ||||
| US1326615A (en) * | 1919-12-30 | Method and machine for making paper | ||
| DE509596C (en) * | 1928-04-18 | 1930-10-11 | Andre Meynard | Flat iron or iron for tailoring and household purposes |
| US1934233A (en) * | 1931-01-09 | 1933-11-07 | Dominion Eng Works Ltd | Paper calender pressure regulator |
| DE1086120B (en) * | 1957-03-09 | 1960-07-28 | Kleinewefers Soehne J | Smooth and calibrating calender for paper, cardboard or the like. |
| DE1080392B (en) * | 1957-07-20 | 1960-04-21 | Kleinewefers Soehne J | Calender for satin finishing coated paper webs |
| US2993432A (en) * | 1958-01-14 | 1961-07-25 | Beloit Iron Works | Calender air doctor |
| US3139815A (en) * | 1962-08-15 | 1964-07-07 | Bois Paul E Du | Apparatus and method for preventing wind-up on rolls |
| US3177799A (en) * | 1963-01-10 | 1965-04-13 | Beloit Corp | Apparatus for selectively temperature conditioning calenders |
| CH576555A5 (en) * | 1974-04-08 | 1976-06-15 | Escher Wyss Gmbh | |
| JPS6031654B2 (en) * | 1977-09-20 | 1985-07-23 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Super calendar device |
| JPS5819008B2 (en) * | 1979-08-23 | 1983-04-15 | 大東機工株式会社 | Motor damper blade opening/closing device |
| JPS595043A (en) * | 1982-07-01 | 1984-01-11 | Nissha Printing Co Ltd | Manufacture of key cap with letter and mark |
| JPS6035243A (en) * | 1983-08-05 | 1985-02-23 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Liquid detecting device |
| FI71374C (en) * | 1984-12-31 | 1986-12-19 | Valmet Oy | FARING EQUIPMENT WITH A CALENDAR OF FISHING AV EN BANA |
| JPS6290394A (en) * | 1985-10-14 | 1987-04-24 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | Paper passing method in multistage supercalender |
-
1988
- 1988-12-22 DE DE88121477T patent/DE3883774D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-12-22 AT AT88121477T patent/ATE93913T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-12-22 EP EP88121477A patent/EP0374292B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-10-20 JP JP1271917A patent/JPH02175992A/en active Pending
- 1989-12-21 US US07/454,516 patent/US5060565A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02175992A (en) | 1990-07-09 |
| US5060565A (en) | 1991-10-29 |
| EP0374292A1 (en) | 1990-06-27 |
| ATE93913T1 (en) | 1993-09-15 |
| DE3883774D1 (en) | 1993-10-07 |
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