EP0374292A1 - Apparatus and process for smoothing and calibrating paper, in particular photographic basic paper - Google Patents

Apparatus and process for smoothing and calibrating paper, in particular photographic basic paper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0374292A1
EP0374292A1 EP19880121477 EP88121477A EP0374292A1 EP 0374292 A1 EP0374292 A1 EP 0374292A1 EP 19880121477 EP19880121477 EP 19880121477 EP 88121477 A EP88121477 A EP 88121477A EP 0374292 A1 EP0374292 A1 EP 0374292A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rollers
paper
smoothing
rolls
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19880121477
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0374292B1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Wilhelm Schönheit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Felex Schoeller Jr and GmbH and Co KG
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Felix Schoeller Jr Foto und Spezialpapiere GmbH
Felex Schoeller Jr and GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Felix Schoeller Jr Foto und Spezialpapiere GmbH, Felex Schoeller Jr and GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Felix Schoeller Jr Foto und Spezialpapiere GmbH
Priority to AT88121477T priority Critical patent/ATE93913T1/en
Priority to EP88121477A priority patent/EP0374292B1/en
Priority to DE88121477T priority patent/DE3883774D1/en
Priority to JP1271917A priority patent/JPH02175992A/en
Priority to US07/454,516 priority patent/US5060565A/en
Publication of EP0374292A1 publication Critical patent/EP0374292A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0374292B1 publication Critical patent/EP0374292B1/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for smoothing and calibrating papers with at least four rollers arranged one next to the other.
  • Smoothing units usually consist of several hard rollers (e.g. steel) arranged one above the other.
  • the paper web runs through the "hard” nips and is compressed and smoothed depending on the applied pressure.
  • Calenders usually consist of several rollers arranged one above the other, which alternately consist of hard rollers (e.g. steel) and soft rollers (e.g. paper-coated steel rollers).
  • hard rollers e.g. steel
  • soft rollers e.g. paper-coated steel rollers
  • Smoothing units which are mostly integrated in paper machines (machine smoothing units), compress and smooth the paper with normal pressures. Fluctuations in the thickness of the paper are compensated, the paper is calibrated. The result is a compacted paper with a leveled surface. For this, uneven density, reduced thickness, rigidity and opacity and in extreme cases gloss bottle on the surface have to be accepted.
  • Calenders which are usually operated as separate units, compress the paper with normal pressures and additional deformation forces caused by flexing work in the nips. In addition to the compression of the paper, the flexing work also compensates for differences in density in the paper structure to a limited extent. The result is a uniform, compressed paper with a glossy, smoother, but less flat surface without a gloss bottle. Reduced thickness, rigidity and opacity have to be accepted.
  • Layer support materials for photosensitive layers should have high-level surfaces in order to "photograph to largely avoid mottle.
  • the photographic term “mottle” is described in DE 34 26 782.
  • the base paper In order to achieve a high-level end product, the base paper must have surfaces that are as flat as possible. Calenders, which predominantly produce gloss and smoothness, have therefore not proven themselves for the production of base papers for substrates of light-sensitive materials. Rather, the smoothing units are preferably used to level the paper surfaces.
  • a smoothing unit consists of 2 to 10 rollers, which are usually arranged vertically one above the other and is preferably located in a paper machine between drying and reeling.
  • the bottom carrier roller provided with a drive can be cambered and is larger in diameter than the remaining rollers.
  • the remaining rollers are usually the same diameter, but sometimes the top and second bottom rollers are slightly larger in diameter than the others.
  • a smoothing machine is described, for example, in G.A., Smook - Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists - Edition 1982, pages 254-258.
  • High pressure in the nip not only reduces the volume of the paper, but also increases the width (transverse expansion) of the paper web.
  • the paper web fixed in the nip cannot, however, expand freely in width. If the pressure in the first nip of a smoothing unit is too high, this can lead to longitudinal folds in the paper, which can be ironed in under certain circumstances and damage the roller surfaces. This risk increases with a lower basis weight (see: Weinblatt für Textilfabrikation 22, 1985, page 859). Even high-pressure smoothing units with 7 to 14 rollers are therefore in many cases unable to achieve the desired compression without the disadvantages that occur at the same time.
  • the object of the present invention is now to propose a device and a method for operating the device with which the disadvantages described above are avoided and a highly smooth and "pit" -free paper is obtained.
  • the first two rollers, in the gap of which the paper is first drawn in are of larger diameter than the remaining rollers, except for the carrier roller.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the thicker rollers to the diameters of the thin rollers is in the range from 1: 0.45 to 0.70. It is important that the ratio between the length and the diameter is kept between 4: 1 and 8: 1 inclusive for the thicker rollers and between 10: 1 and 14: 1 inclusive for the thinner rollers.
  • the first and last rollers can be zone controlled. Testing has shown that the quality improvement of the paper described in the task takes place without the disadvantages described above occurring; this applies to all papers, half-boxes and boxes. The papers or boxes can be worked with or without filler. Experiments were carried out with basis weights between 50 g / m and 300 g / m both with and without filler.
  • the calender consists of at least three rollers arranged one next to the other.
  • a carrier roller with a larger diameter is dispensed with and only one of the two larger rollers is designed as a zone-controlled bending compensation roller.
  • This smoothing unit also works according to the invention, but can only be used for smaller paper web work.
  • a 180 g / m2 photo base paper with a specific volume of 1.33 cm3 / g was smoothed and calibrated using a 5-roll smoothing unit.
  • the smoothing unit contained the following combination of rollers: Roller 1 (above) 700 mm diameter 2nd 650 mm “ 3rd 400 mm “ 4th 450 mm “ 5 (below) 600 mm "
  • the line pressure in the penultimate gap was 220 N / mm.
  • a 150 g / m2 heavy photo base paper with a specific volume of 1.35 cm3 / g was smoothed and calibrated using a 7-roll smoothing unit.
  • the smoothing unit contained the following combination of rollers: Roller 1 (above) 710 mm diameter 2nd 760 mm “ 3rd 400 mm “ 4th 450 mm “ 5 400 mm “ 6 450 mm “ 7 (below) 820 mm "
  • Rolls 1 and 7 were zone controlled bend compensation rolls (Nipco rolls). The line pressure in the penultimate gap was 180 N / mm.
  • the photo base paper from Example 1 was smoothed and calibrated using a 5-roll smoothing unit.
  • the smoothing unit contained the following combination of rollers: Roller 1 (above) 500 mm diameter 2nd 400 mm “ 3rd 400 mm “ 4th 400 mm “ 5 (below) 600 mm "
  • the line pressure in the penultimate gap was 220 N / mm.
  • the photo base paper from Example 2 was smoothed and calibrated using a 7-roll smoothing unit.
  • the smoothing unit contained the following combination of rollers: Roller 1 (above) 500 mm Diameter 2nd 400 mm “ 3rd 400 mm “ 4th 400 mm “ 5 400 mm “ 6 400 mm “ 7 (below) 600 mm "
  • the line pressure in the penultimate gap was 180 N / mm.
  • Rolls 1 and 7 were zone controlled bend compensation rolls (Nipco rolls). The line pressure in the penultimate gap was 180 N / mm.
  • Tab. 1 example spec. Volume after calibration Pit level Wrinkles after the 1st gap 1 0.96 2nd No 2nd 0.90 2nd No Compare to 1 0.93 3-4 Yes Compare to 2 0.89 3rd Yes
  • the individual levels of smoothing and calibration can be seen in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the more gentle compression of the fiber structure allows for smooth, even at high line pressures.
  • the "pit level" can be significantly reduced by the gentler driving style of the smoothing device according to the invention.

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Abstract

An apparatus for smoothing and calibrating paper, that is to say a calender, is described, in particular in its use for producing photographic basic paper in a paper machine line.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Glätten und Kalibrieren von Papieren mit wenigstens vier aneinander an­geordneten Walzen.The invention relates to a device for smoothing and calibrating papers with at least four rollers arranged one next to the other.

Um die Oberflächencharakteristik eines fertigen Papiers zu verändern, ohne zusätzliche Schichten aufzutragen, haben sich in der Papierindustrie Glättwerke und Kalander durch­gesetzt. Beide glätten, ebnen und verdichten das Papier.In order to change the surface characteristics of a finished paper without applying additional layers, smoothing units and calenders have become established in the paper industry. Both smooth, level and compress the paper.

Glättwerke bestehen üblicherweise aus mehreren übereinander angeordneten harten Walzen (z.B. Stahl). Die Papierbahn durchläuft die "harten" Walzenspalten und wird, abhängig vom aufgegebenen Druck, verdichtet und geglättet.Smoothing units usually consist of several hard rollers (e.g. steel) arranged one above the other. The paper web runs through the "hard" nips and is compressed and smoothed depending on the applied pressure.

Kalander bestehen üblicherweise aus mehreren übereinander angeordneten Walzen, die abwechselnd aus harten Walzen (z.B. Stahl) und weichen Walzen (z.B. papierbelegte Stahl­walzen) bestehen. Die Papierbahn durchläuft auch hier die Walzenspalten und wird, unabhängig vom aufgegebenen Druck, verdichtet und geglättet.Calenders usually consist of several rollers arranged one above the other, which alternately consist of hard rollers (e.g. steel) and soft rollers (e.g. paper-coated steel rollers). Here, too, the paper web runs through the nips and is compressed and smoothed, regardless of the pressure applied.

Durch die unterschiedlichen Walzenkombinationen lassen sich unterschiedliche Ergebnisse erzielen, so daß sich für beide Aggregate auch unterschiedliche Anwendungsbereiche ergeben haben.Different results can be achieved by the different roller combinations, so that different areas of application have arisen for both units.

Glättwerke, die meistens in Papiermaschinen integriert sind (Maschinenglättwerke), verdichten und glätten das Papier mit Normaldrücken. Dickeschwankungen des Papieres werden ausgeglichen, das Papier wird kalibriert. Es resul­tiert ein verdichtetes Papier mit eingeebneter Oberfläche. Dafür müssen ungleichmäßige Dichte, verminderte Dicke, Steifigkeit und Opazität sowie im Extremfall Glanzmottle auf der Oberfläche in Kauf genommen werden.Smoothing units, which are mostly integrated in paper machines (machine smoothing units), compress and smooth the paper with normal pressures. Fluctuations in the thickness of the paper are compensated, the paper is calibrated. The result is a compacted paper with a leveled surface. For this, uneven density, reduced thickness, rigidity and opacity and in extreme cases gloss bottle on the surface have to be accepted.

Kalander, die meistens als separate Aggregate betrieben werden, verdichten das Papier mit Normaldrücken und durch zusätzliche Verformungskräfte, hervorgerufen durch Walk­arbeit in den Walzenspalten. Durch die Walkarbeit werden neben der Verdichtung des Papiers auch Dichteunterschiede im Papiergefüge in Grenzen ausgeglichen. Es resultiert ein gleichmäßiges verdichtetes Papier mit glänzender, glatte­rer, jedoch weniger ebener Oberfläche ohne Glanzmottle. Dafür müssen verminderte Dicke, Steifigkeit und Opazität in Kauf genommen werden.Calenders, which are usually operated as separate units, compress the paper with normal pressures and additional deformation forces caused by flexing work in the nips. In addition to the compression of the paper, the flexing work also compensates for differences in density in the paper structure to a limited extent. The result is a uniform, compressed paper with a glossy, smoother, but less flat surface without a gloss bottle. Reduced thickness, rigidity and opacity have to be accepted.

Die beschriebenen grundsätzlich unterschiedlichen Auswir­kungen beider Aggregate sind in ihren Dimensionen natürlich auch abhängig vom Papieraufbau, einem Feuchtegehalt und seiner Zusammensetzung sowie von der Höhe des angewandten Druckes und der Bahntemperatur bei der Bearbeitung.The fundamentally different effects of the two aggregates described are of course also dependent on the paper structure, moisture content and composition, as well as the level of pressure applied and the web temperature during processing.

Schichtträgermaterialien für lichtempfindliche Schichten sollen hochebene Oberflächen aufweisen, um "fotografischen mottle" weitgehend zu vermeiden. Der fotografische "mottle"-­Begriff ist in DE 34 26 782 beschrieben.Layer support materials for photosensitive layers should have high-level surfaces in order to "photograph to largely avoid mottle. The photographic term "mottle" is described in DE 34 26 782.

Um ein hochebenes Endprodukt zu erzielen, muß schon das Basis­papier möglichst ebene Oberflächen aufweisen. Kalander, die überwiegend Glanz und Glätte erzeugen, haben sich deshalb für die Herstellung von Basispapieren für Schichtträger licht­empfindlicher Materialien nicht bewährt. Zum Einebnen der Papieroberflächen bedient man sich vielmehr vorzugsweise der Glättwerke.In order to achieve a high-level end product, the base paper must have surfaces that are as flat as possible. Calenders, which predominantly produce gloss and smoothness, have therefore not proven themselves for the production of base papers for substrates of light-sensitive materials. Rather, the smoothing units are preferably used to level the paper surfaces.

Ein Glättwerk besteht aus 2 bis 10 Walzen, die üblicherweise senkrecht übereinander angeordnet sind und befindet sich vor­zugsweise in einer Papiermaschine zwischen Trocknung und Auf­rollung. Die unterste, mit einem Antrieb versehene Trägerwalze kann bombiert sein und ist im Durchmesser größer als die rest­lichen Walzen. Die restlichen Walzen haben in der Regel gleiche Durchmesser, manchmal jedoch sind die oberste und die zweit­unterste Walze im Durchmesser geringfügig größer als die an­deren. Ein Maschinenglättwerk ist beispielsweise in G.A., Smook - Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists - Ausgabe 1982, Seiten 254 - 258 beschrieben.A smoothing unit consists of 2 to 10 rollers, which are usually arranged vertically one above the other and is preferably located in a paper machine between drying and reeling. The bottom carrier roller provided with a drive can be cambered and is larger in diameter than the remaining rollers. The remaining rollers are usually the same diameter, but sometimes the top and second bottom rollers are slightly larger in diameter than the others. A smoothing machine is described, for example, in G.A., Smook - Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists - Edition 1982, pages 254-258.

Um ein Papier zu kalibrieren, d.h. um einem Papier an allen Orten eine identische Dicke zu geben, ist der durch das Eigen­gewicht der Walzen eines Glättwerks gegebene Druck normaler­weise zu gering. Das Glättwerk wird deshalb zusätzlich mit Druck belastet. Bei Druckbelastung neigen jedoch gestapelte Walzen in einem Glättwerk dazu, ihre Lage zu verändern und seitlich auszuweichen. Selbst kleine Veränderungen der Lage einer Walze machen sich durch ein verändertes Dickenprofil des Papiers, quer über die Bahn gemessen, bemerkbar. Je mehr Walzen ein Glättwerk besitzt, desto geringer kann der Zusatzdruck sein, aber um so schwie­riger ist die exakte Fixierung der Walzenlage zu beherrschen. Weniger Walzen bedingen andererseits einen höheren Druck. In der Praxis werden deshalb Maschinenglättwerke mit 4 bis 7 Walzen bevorzugt.In order to calibrate a paper, ie to give a paper an identical thickness at all locations, the pressure given by the weight of the rollers of a calender is normally too low. The smoothing system is therefore additionally burdened with pressure. When pressure is applied, however, stacked rollers in a smoothing unit tend to change their position and move sideways. Even small changes in the position of a roller are noticeable through a changed thickness profile of the paper, measured across the web. The more rollers a calender has, the lower the additional pressure can be, but the more difficult it is to control the exact position of the roller position. Fewer rollers, on the other hand, require a higher pressure. In practice, smoothing machines with 4 to 7 rollers are therefore preferred.

Walzenanzahl und Druckbelastung müssen jedoch immer auf die Anforderungen des Papiers abgestimmt werden. Bei relativ hohen Verdichtungen, wie sie zur Herstellung fotografischer Basispapiere erwünscht und üblich sind, werden deshalb Maschinenglättwerke mit 8 bis 14 Walzen bevorzugt. Eine geringere Walzenzahl würde wegen der dann erforderlichen hohen Drücke zu einer teilweisen Zerstörung des Fasergefüges führen. Selbst bei den 8 bis 14 Walzen-Hochdruckglättwerken können noch Liniendrücke bis zu 300 N/mm oder mehr auftreten, ein Druckbereich, der für das beschriebene "Ausweichen" der Glättwerkwalzen prädestiniert ist.However, the number of rollers and the pressure load must always be matched to the requirements of the paper. At relatively high densities, as are desired and customary for the production of photographic base papers, machine smoothing units with 8 to 14 rollers are therefore preferred. A lower number of rollers would lead to a partial destruction of the fiber structure due to the high pressures then required. Even with the 8 to 14 roller high-pressure smoothing units, line pressures of up to 300 N / mm or more can occur, a pressure range which is predestined for the described "dodging" of the smoothing unit rollers.

Hoher Druck bewirkt im Walzenspalt neben einer Volumenver­minderung des Papiers einen Breitenzuwachs (Querdehnung) der Papierbahn. Die im Walzenspalt fixierte Papierbahn kann sich jedoch nicht frei in die Breite ausdehnen. Dies kann bei zu starker Druckbelastung im ersten Walzenspalt (Nip) eines Glättwerks zu Längsfalten im Papier führen, die unter Umständen eingebügelt werden und die Walzenober­flächen beschädigen können. Diese Gefahr wird mit geringe­rem Flächengewicht größer (Vergleiche: Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation 22, 1985, Seite 859). Selbst Hochdruck­glättwerke mit 7 bis 14 Walzen sind daher in vielen Fällen nicht in der Lage, die gewünschte Verdichtung ohne gleich­zeitig auftretende Nachteile zu realisieren.High pressure in the nip not only reduces the volume of the paper, but also increases the width (transverse expansion) of the paper web. The paper web fixed in the nip cannot, however, expand freely in width. If the pressure in the first nip of a smoothing unit is too high, this can lead to longitudinal folds in the paper, which can be ironed in under certain circumstances and damage the roller surfaces. This risk increases with a lower basis weight (see: Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation 22, 1985, page 859). Even high-pressure smoothing units with 7 to 14 rollers are therefore in many cases unable to achieve the desired compression without the disadvantages that occur at the same time.

Als nachteilig stellte sich ferner heraus, daß bei hoher Verdichtung des Basispapiers im ersten Nip als Folge des Einschlusses von Luft im Papiervlies kleine Hohlräume ent­stehen. Bei der nachfolgenden beidseitigen Beschichtung des verdichteten Basispapiers mit Polyolefinharz im Extru­sionsbeschichtungsverfahren dehnt sich die in den Hohlräumen verbliebene Luft zunächst bei Erwärmung aus. Im Verlauf der anschließenden, im Kontakt mit dem Kühlzylinder erfolgen­den Abkühlung schrumpfen die eingeschlossenen Luftblasen, und der darüber befindliche Polyolefinfilm fällt ein zu winzigen Vertiefungen, sogenannten "pits". Diese "pits" sind nach späterer Emulsionierung und Bebilderung als deut­lich sichtbare Störung im fotografischen Bild unerwünscht. Auch diese Erscheinung setzte dem Einsatz von Hochdruck­glättwerken Grenzen.It also turned out to be disadvantageous that when the base paper is highly compressed in the first nip, small voids are formed as a result of the inclusion of air in the paper fleece. In the subsequent double-sided coating of the compressed base paper with polyolefin resin in the extrusion coating process, the air remaining in the cavities initially expands when heated. In the course of the subsequent cooling, which takes place in contact with the cooling cylinder, the enclosed air bubbles shrink and the polyolefin film located above falls into tiny pits. After subsequent emulsioning and imaging, these "pits" are undesirable as a clearly visible disturbance in the photographic image. This phenomenon also limited the use of high-pressure smoothing units.

Schließlich erwies sich als nachteilig, daß bei üblichen Glättwerken mit Walzen gleichen Durchmessers in bestimmten Bereichen der Bahngeschwindigkeit Resonanzschwingungen in den Walzen auftraten. Diese führten zu quer über die Papierbahn verlaufenden Markierungen, die aus Streifen abweichender Verdichtung bestanden und selbst nach Polyolefin­harzbeschichtung als Oberflächenstörungen erkennbar blieben. Dieser Nachteil setzt bestimmte Grenzen im Hinblick auf eine wünschenswerte stufenlose Veränderung bzw. Anpassung der Maschinengeschwindigkeit.Finally, it turned out to be disadvantageous that in conventional calenders with rollers of the same diameter in certain In the areas of the web speed, resonance vibrations occurred in the rolls. These led to markings running across the paper web, which consisted of strips of different densification and remained recognizable as surface defects even after polyolefin resin coating. This disadvantage sets certain limits with regard to a desirable continuous change or adaptation of the machine speed.

Als letztes erwies sich auch die bislang bei Maschinenglätt­werken übliche starre Bombierung der Tragewalze bzw. der Trage­walze und ein oder zwei weiteren Walzen als nachteilig, weil dadurch die Flexibilität der Anlage begrenzt wird auf wenige Flächengewichts-Druck-Paarungen. Insbesondere in diesem Zu­sammenhang müssen auch die mit den Arbeits- und Außenbedin­gungen wechselnden Walzentemperaturen als nachteilig vermerkt werden. Vor allem Maschinenglättwerke, in die das aus der Trockenpartie einer Papiermaschine kommende Papier direkt einläuft, zeigen erhebliche Temperaturschwankungen, die häu­fig mit zusätzlichen Verformungen der Walzen und Dickeunter­schieden des Papiers zwischen Bahnkante und Bahnmitte ver­knüpft sind, die durch Walzenbombierung nicht aufgefangen werden können.Finally, the rigid crowning of the support roller or the support roller and one or two further rollers, which was previously common in machine smoothing plants, also proved to be disadvantageous, because this limits the flexibility of the system to a few basis weight / pressure pairings. In this context in particular, the roller temperatures, which change with the working and external conditions, must also be noted as disadvantageous. Above all, smoothing machines, into which the paper coming from the dryer section of a paper machine runs directly, show considerable temperature fluctuations, which are often linked to additional deformations of the rollers and differences in the thickness of the paper between the web edge and web center, which cannot be absorbed by roller crowning.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es nun, eine Vor­richtung und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb der Vorrichtung vor­zuschlagen, mit denen die oben geschilderten Nachteile ver­mieden werden und ein hochglattes- und "pit"-freies Papier erhalten wird.The object of the present invention is now to propose a device and a method for operating the device with which the disadvantages described above are avoided and a highly smooth and "pit" -free paper is obtained.

Bei einer Vorrichtung der eingangs beschriebenen Art wird diese Aufgabe durch die in den Ansprüchen beschriebenen Vorrichtungen und Verfahrensmaßnahmen gelöst.In the case of a device of the type described in the introduction, this object is achieved by the devices and procedural measures described in the claims.

Erfindungsgemäß sind die beiden ersten Walzen, in deren Spalt das Papier zuerst eingezogen wird von größerem Durchmesser als die restlichen Walzen, außer der Träger­walze. Das Verhältnis der Durchmesser der dickeren Walzen zu den Durchmessern der dünnen Walzen liegt im Bereich von 1 : 0,45 bis 0,70. Wichtig dabei ist, daß das Ver­hältnis zwischen der Länge und dem Durchmesser bei den dickeren Walzen zwischen 4 : 1 und 8 : 1 einschließlich gehalten wird und bei den dünneren Walzen zwischen 10 : 1 und 14 : 1 einschließlich. Die erste und die letzte Walze können zonengesteuert sein. In der Erpro­bung hat sich gezeigt, daß die in der Aufgabe beschrie­bene Qualitätssteigerung des Papiers erfolgt, ohne daß die oben weiter beschriebenen Nachteile auftreten; das gilt für alle Papiere, Halbkartons und Kartons. Die Pa­piere bzw. Kartons können mit oder ohne Füllstoff gear­beitet sein. Versuche wurden durchgeführt mit Flächenge­wichten zwischen 50 g/m und 300 g/m sowohl mit als auch ohne Füllstoff.According to the invention, the first two rollers, in the gap of which the paper is first drawn in, are of larger diameter than the remaining rollers, except for the carrier roller. The ratio of the diameter of the thicker rollers to the diameters of the thin rollers is in the range from 1: 0.45 to 0.70. It is important that the ratio between the length and the diameter is kept between 4: 1 and 8: 1 inclusive for the thicker rollers and between 10: 1 and 14: 1 inclusive for the thinner rollers. The first and last rollers can be zone controlled. Testing has shown that the quality improvement of the paper described in the task takes place without the disadvantages described above occurring; this applies to all papers, half-boxes and boxes. The papers or boxes can be worked with or without filler. Experiments were carried out with basis weights between 50 g / m and 300 g / m both with and without filler.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand von zwei ausgewählten Beispielen nachfolgend näher erläutert:The invention will now be explained in more detail using two selected examples:

In einer besonderen Ausführungsform besteht das Glätt­werk aus wenigstens drei aneinander angeordneten Wal­zen. Hierbei wird auf eine im Durchmesser größere Trä­gerwalze verzichtet und nur eine der beiden größeren Walzen ist als zonengesteuerte Biegungsausgleichwalze ausgebildet. Dieses Glättwerk arbeitet ebenfalls er­findungsgemäß, kann jedoch nur für geringere Papier­bahnarbeiten eingesetzt werden.In a special embodiment, the calender consists of at least three rollers arranged one next to the other. Here, a carrier roller with a larger diameter is dispensed with and only one of the two larger rollers is designed as a zone-controlled bending compensation roller. This smoothing unit also works according to the invention, but can only be used for smaller paper web work.

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

Ein 180 g/m² schweres Fotobasispapier mit einem spezifischen Volumen von 1,33 cm³/g wurde mittels eines 5-Walzen-Glättwerks geglättet und kalibriert.A 180 g / m² photo base paper with a specific volume of 1.33 cm³ / g was smoothed and calibrated using a 5-roll smoothing unit.

Das Glättwerk enthielt folgende Walzenkombination: Walze 1 (oben) 700 mm Durchmesser 2 650 mm " 3 400 mm " 4 450 mm " 5 (unten) 600 mm " The smoothing unit contained the following combination of rollers: Roller 1 (above) 700 mm diameter 2nd 650 mm " 3rd 400 mm " 4th 450 mm " 5 (below) 600 mm "

Der Liniendruck im vorletzten Spalt betrug 220 N/mm.The line pressure in the penultimate gap was 220 N / mm.

Beispiel 2:Example 2:

Ein 150 g/m² schweres Fotobasispapier mit einem spezifischen Volumen von 1,35 cm³/g wurde mittels eines 7-Walzen-Glättwerks geglättet und kalibriert.A 150 g / m² heavy photo base paper with a specific volume of 1.35 cm³ / g was smoothed and calibrated using a 7-roll smoothing unit.

Das Glättwerk enthielt folgende Walzenkombination: Walze 1 (oben) 710 mm Durchmesser 2 760 mm " 3 400 mm " 4 450 mm " 5 400 mm " 6 450 mm " 7 (unten) 820 mm " The smoothing unit contained the following combination of rollers: Roller 1 (above) 710 mm diameter 2nd 760 mm " 3rd 400 mm " 4th 450 mm " 5 400 mm " 6 450 mm " 7 (below) 820 mm "

Die Walzen 1 und 7 waren zonengesteuerte Bie­gungsausgleichswalzen (Nipco-Walzen). Der Liniendruck im vorletzten Spalt betrug 180 N/mm.Rolls 1 and 7 were zone controlled bend compensation rolls (Nipco rolls). The line pressure in the penultimate gap was 180 N / mm.

Vergleich zu Beispiel 1:Comparison to example 1:

Das Fotobasispapier aus Beispiel 1 wurde mittels eines 5-Walzen-Glättwerks geglättet und kalibriert.
Das Glättwerk enthielt folgende Walzenkomina­tion: Walze 1 (oben) 500 mm Durchmesser 2 400 mm " 3 400 mm " 4 400 mm " 5 (unten) 600 mm " The photo base paper from Example 1 was smoothed and calibrated using a 5-roll smoothing unit.
The smoothing unit contained the following combination of rollers: Roller 1 (above) 500 mm diameter 2nd 400 mm " 3rd 400 mm " 4th 400 mm " 5 (below) 600 mm "

Der Liniendruck im vorletzten Spalt betrug 220 N/mm.The line pressure in the penultimate gap was 220 N / mm.

Vergleich zu Beispiel 2:Comparison to example 2:

Das Fotobasispapier aus Beispiel 2 wurde mittels eines 7-Walzen-Glättwerks geglättet und kalibriert.The photo base paper from Example 2 was smoothed and calibrated using a 7-roll smoothing unit.

Das Glättwerk enthielt folgende Walzenkombination: Walze 1 (oben) 500 mm Druchmesser 2 400 mm " 3 400 mm " 4 400 mm " 5 400 mm " 6 400 mm " 7 (unten) 600 mm " The smoothing unit contained the following combination of rollers: Roller 1 (above) 500 mm Diameter 2nd 400 mm " 3rd 400 mm " 4th 400 mm " 5 400 mm " 6 400 mm " 7 (below) 600 mm "

Der Liniendruck im vorletzten Spalt betrug 180 N/mm.The line pressure in the penultimate gap was 180 N / mm.

Die Walzen 1 und 7 waren zonengesteuerte Biegungsausgleichswalzen (Nipco-Walzen). Der Liniendruck im vorletzten Spalt betrug 180 N/mm.Rolls 1 and 7 were zone controlled bend compensation rolls (Nipco rolls). The line pressure in the penultimate gap was 180 N / mm.

Beschreibung der Prüfmethode:Description of the test method:

  • 1.
    Figure imgb0001
         1.
    Figure imgb0001
  • 2. Pitsniveau: Die Oberfläche einer Papierprobe wird mit einem Mikroskop betrachtet. Eine kreisförmige Objektfläche von 10 mm Durchmesser wird bei 20facher Vergrößerung unter Streiflicht beleuchtet. Im reflek­tierten Licht sind auf einem Bildschirm die Pits als dunkle Punkte zu erkennen.2. Pits level: The surface of a paper sample is viewed with a microscope. A circular object surface with a diameter of 10 mm is illuminated at 20x magnification under grazing light. In the reflected light, the pits can be recognized as dark points on a screen.

Je nach Anzahl und Größe wird ein qualitatives Urteil abgegeben, wobei 1 = keine Pits und 5 = sehr viele und große Pits bedeuten.Depending on the number and size, a qualitative judgment is given, where 1 = no pits and 5 = very many and large pits.

ErgebnisseResults

Tab.1Tab. 1 Beispielexample spez. Volumen n.Kalibrierungspec. Volume after calibration PitsniveauPit level Falten nach dem 1. SpaltWrinkles after the 1st gap 11 0,960.96 22nd neinNo 22nd 0,900.90 22nd neinNo Vergl.zu 1Compare to 1 0,930.93 3 - 43-4 jaYes Vergl.zu 2Compare to 2 0,890.89 33rd jaYes Die einzelnen Stufen der Glättung und Kalibrierung sind den Abbildungen 1 und 2 zu entnehmen.The individual levels of smoothing and calibration can be seen in Figures 1 and 2.

Die schonendere Verdichtung des Fasergefüges gestattet es, auch bei hohen Liniendrücken faltenfrei im Glätt­werk zu produzieren. Insbesondere das "Pitsniveau" läßt sich durch die schonendere Fahrweise des erfindungs­gemäß arbeitenden Glättwerks deutlich reduzieren.The more gentle compression of the fiber structure allows for smooth, even at high line pressures. In particular, the "pit level" can be significantly reduced by the gentler driving style of the smoothing device according to the invention.

Claims (8)

1. Vorrichtung zum Glätten und Kalibrieren von Papieren, insbesondere von fotografischen Basispapieren mit wenig­stens vier aneinander angeordneten harten Walzen, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden ersten Walzen, in deren Spalt das Papier zuerst einläuft, aus Walzen größeren Durchmessers bestehen als die restlichen Walzen mit Ausnahme der Trägerwalze, wobei das Verhältnis der Durchmesser der dickeren Walzen zu den Durchmessern der dünneren Walzen wie 1 : 0,45 - 0,70 ist, und daß die dickeren Walzen ein Verhältnis zwischen Walzenlänge und Walzendurchmesser von 4 : 1 bis 8: 1 haben und die dünne­ren Walzen ein Verhältnis von 10 : 1 bis 14 : 1 aufweisen, wobei die erste und die letzte Walze zonengesteuerte Biegungsausgleichswalzen sind.1. Apparatus for smoothing and calibrating papers, in particular photographic base papers with at least four hard rollers arranged next to one another, characterized in that the first two rollers, in the gap of which the paper first enters, consist of rollers of larger diameter than the remaining rollers with the exception the carrier roll, the ratio of the diameter of the thicker rolls to the diameters of the thinner rolls being 1: 0.45-0.70, and that the thicker rolls have a ratio between roll length and roll diameter of 4: 1 to 8: 1 and the thinner rolls have a ratio of 10: 1 to 14: 1, the first and last rolls being zone controlled bend compensation rolls. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß benachbarte Walzen stets unterschiedliche Durchmesser haben.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that adjacent rollers always have different diameters. 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß temperaturgeregelte Walzen für die kontrollierte Zu­führung oder Abführung der thermischen Energie sorgen.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that temperature-controlled rollers ensure the controlled supply or discharge of the thermal energy. 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Glättwerkwalze eine Umlenkwalze zugeordnet ist.4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that each smoothing roller is assigned a deflection roller. 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß sie in eine Papiermaschinenlinie in­tegriert ist.5. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that it is integrated in a paper machine line. 6. Vorrichtung zum Glätten und Kalibrieren von Papieren, insbesondere von fotografischen Basispapieren, mit wenigstens drei aneinander angeordneten harten Walzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden ersten Walzen, in deren Spalt das Papier zuerst einläuft, aus Walzen größeren Durchmessers bestehen als die dritte und ge­gegebenenfalls weiteren Walzen, wobei das Verhältnis der Durchmesser der beiden dickeren zum Durchmesser der dünneren Walze(n) wie 1 : 0,45 - 0,70 ist und daß die dickeren Walzen ein Verhältnis zwischen Walzen­länge und Walzendurchmesser von 4 : 1 bis 8 : 1 haben und die dünnere(n) Walze(n) ein Verhältnis von 10 : 1 bis 14 : 1 aufweis(t)en.6. Apparatus for smoothing and calibrating papers, in particular photographic base papers, with at least three hard rollers arranged next to one another, characterized in that the first two rollers, in the nip of which the paper first enters, consist of rollers of larger diameter than the third and, if appropriate further rolls, the ratio of the diameter of the two thicker to the diameter of the thinner roll (s) being 1: 0.45-0.70 and that the thicker rolls have a ratio between roll length and roll diameter of 4: 1 to 8: 1 and the thinner roller (s) had a ratio of 10: 1 to 14: 1. 7. Verfahren zur Glättung und Kalibrierung von Papieren mit Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß der Druckverlauf in dem Glättwerk bei einem Enddruck im letzten Spalt zwischen 150 und 300 N/mm so gesteuert wird, daß die Dickenreduktion des Rohpapiers nach Durchgang durch den ersten Spalt 50 - 70 % der gesamten Dickenreduktion beträgt.7. A method for smoothing and calibrating papers with the device according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pressure curve in the smoothing unit is controlled at a final pressure in the last gap between 150 and 300 N / mm so that the thickness reduction of the base paper after passage through the first gap is 50-70% of the total thickness reduction. 8. Verwendung eines Verfahrens und einer Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 bis 7 zur Glättung von fotografischem Basispapier.8. Use of a method and an apparatus according to claims 1 to 7 for smoothing photographic base paper.
EP88121477A 1988-12-22 1988-12-22 Apparatus and process for smoothing and calibrating paper, in particular photographic basic paper Expired - Lifetime EP0374292B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88121477T ATE93913T1 (en) 1988-12-22 1988-12-22 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR STRAIGHTENING AND CALIBRATION OF PAPER, ESPECIALLY PHOTOGRAPHIC BASE PAPER.
EP88121477A EP0374292B1 (en) 1988-12-22 1988-12-22 Apparatus and process for smoothing and calibrating paper, in particular photographic basic paper
DE88121477T DE3883774D1 (en) 1988-12-22 1988-12-22 Device and method for smoothing and calibrating paper, in particular photographic base papers.
JP1271917A JPH02175992A (en) 1988-12-22 1989-10-20 Method and apparatus to smooth paper and decide its thickness
US07/454,516 US5060565A (en) 1988-12-22 1989-12-21 Smoothing and calibrating of paper

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP88121477A EP0374292B1 (en) 1988-12-22 1988-12-22 Apparatus and process for smoothing and calibrating paper, in particular photographic basic paper

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EP0374292A1 true EP0374292A1 (en) 1990-06-27
EP0374292B1 EP0374292B1 (en) 1993-09-01

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EP1336686B2 (en) † 2002-02-14 2010-08-11 Voith Patent GmbH Extended nip calendar arrangement and process for satinizing a paper or cardboard web
EP4283039A1 (en) 2022-05-24 2023-11-29 Andritz Küsters GmbH Device for smoothing and applying an application medium

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US20050031805A1 (en) * 2003-06-17 2005-02-10 Fugitt Gary P. Pigment selection for photographic base stock
US20050032644A1 (en) * 2003-06-17 2005-02-10 Brelsford Gregg L. Binder selection for coated photographic base stock
WO2004114015A1 (en) 2003-06-17 2004-12-29 Newpage Corporation Binder selection for coated photographic base stock
US20050028951A1 (en) * 2003-06-17 2005-02-10 Brelsford Gregg L. Smooth base stock composed of nonstandard fibers

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EP4283039A1 (en) 2022-05-24 2023-11-29 Andritz Küsters GmbH Device for smoothing and applying an application medium

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DE3883774D1 (en) 1993-10-07
EP0374292B1 (en) 1993-09-01
US5060565A (en) 1991-10-29
ATE93913T1 (en) 1993-09-15
JPH02175992A (en) 1990-07-09

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