EP0357490B1 - Cutting or clamping tool with a composite handle - Google Patents

Cutting or clamping tool with a composite handle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0357490B1
EP0357490B1 EP89402325A EP89402325A EP0357490B1 EP 0357490 B1 EP0357490 B1 EP 0357490B1 EP 89402325 A EP89402325 A EP 89402325A EP 89402325 A EP89402325 A EP 89402325A EP 0357490 B1 EP0357490 B1 EP 0357490B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
handling
composite material
recited
portions
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EP89402325A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0357490A1 (en
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Antoine Deville
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Deville SA
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Deville SA
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Priority to AT89402325T priority Critical patent/ATE84254T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25G—HANDLES FOR HAND IMPLEMENTS
    • B25G1/00—Handle constructions
    • B25G1/10—Handle constructions characterised by material or shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B7/00—Pliers; Other hand-held gripping tools with jaws on pivoted limbs; Details applicable generally to pivoted-limb hand tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B13/00—Hand shears; Scissors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cutting or clamping tool comprising two branches connected to one another by means of a pivoting joint, each branch comprising a working part, a joint part and a handling part, the working part being made of a material suitable for the work for which the tool is intended, the handling part being made in such a way that its part coming into contact with the user's hand is made of a material and / or has a shape that physically protects the hand of the user, the two whole branches or at least the handling parts being entirely made of a composite material comprising a polymer matrix incorporating a reinforcing material.
  • the tools to which the present invention provides an improvement are tools of the pruning shears type, etc.
  • Tools of the type mentioned above generally have two crossed branches which are connected to each other by means of a bolt or other suitable means at the crossing of the branches so that a relative pivoting between the two handling parts, generally called handle, causes a similar pivoting of the two working parts, namely of the two coupled blades or the two heads of pliers.
  • branches of this known tool are made of metal, which weighs down the entire tool and requires coating each branch with a layer of plastic.
  • An object of the present invention is to create a tool of the type mentioned above, the weight of which is considerably reduced without compromising its toughness and without increasing its cost.
  • Another object of the present invention is to create a tool to protect it against rust during a stay in bad weather.
  • a tool of the type mentioned above which is characterized in that the handling part of each branch is connected to the joint part of this branch by a securing means which consists of: '' at least two bolts, the handling and joint parts having ends cooperating with each other and having flat surfaces opposite one another and oriented essentially parallel to the longitudinal dimension of the respective branch, these flat surfaces being traversed by the bolts.
  • the blades of the working part are made of ceramic with an organic or inorganic matrix reinforced with carbon fibers, whiskers, boron, silicon carbide and / or metallic fibers.
  • the present invention is based on the principle of replacing the metal branches or at least the handles of a traditional tool each consisting of a metal core forming an integral part of its branch and being overmolded with a more or less thin layer of a material soft polymer by a composite material essentially homogeneous and having sufficient tenacity to withstand the efforts of the user's hand urging the two handles towards each other.
  • the present invention it is proposed to choose a composite material having sufficient toughness, while keeping a considerably reduced total weight compared to metal handles, material which makes it possible to fix the handles to the parts of the joints of the branches using 'A securing means whose longitudinal extension relative to the handle can be reduced over a length of about 1 to 2 cm without causing the fracture of the handle at this level.
  • a composite material which meets the requirements mentioned above with regard to the toughness and its specific weight comprises a matrix of thermoplastic and / or thermosetting material, the reinforcing material being fibers and / or powders.
  • its composition can comprise 5 to 98% by weight of the matrix material and 2 to 95% by weight of the reinforcing material.
  • Certain reinforcement materials being considerably expensive, the content of this reinforcement material in the composite material will be chosen so to obtain the desired properties of the composite material without increasing the concentration of these expensive materials beyond what is necessary.
  • the matrix material is a member chosen from the group of the following thermoplastic polymers: polyamide, semi-aromatic polyamide, aromatic polyamide, polyarylamide, polyamide-imide, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, phenylene polysulfide , liquid crystal polymers and polyetherimide, and / or from the group of thermosets comprising: epoxide, phenoplasts, polyimides, polyphosphazenes, unsaturated polyesters and polystyril-pyridine.
  • the material of the organic matrix is advantageously located between the polyimides and the polyamide-imides, an inorganic material being advantageously made of carbon.
  • the reinforcing material for the organic matrix of the composite material of the handle may comprise one or more members of the group comprising carbon powder, carbon fibers, glass fibers and fibers.
  • the reinforcing materials for the organic or inorganic matrix of the composite material of the working part being at least one fiber chosen from carbon, silicon carbide, whiskers, metal and boron fibers.
  • the tenacity of a traditional tool to cut or tighten with a metal handle or handle with a metal core overmolded with soft plastic being of the order of 100 to 120 kg maximum applicable to the ends of the handling parts
  • the tool according to the present invention comprising handles of composite material as defined above and having dimensions of section and length comparable to the dimensions of traditional handling parts has a handling tenacity between 100 and 200 kg, preferably between 160 and 180 kg.
  • the fibers constituting the reinforcing material may be of the long and / or short category, fibers less than one centimeter generally being considered as short fibers and fibers measuring more than one centimeter as long fibers.
  • the principle of the present invention can be advantageously applied to all tools to be cut or clamped which are subject to the application of a high manual force, in particular secateurs or pliers.
  • a high manual force in particular secateurs or pliers.
  • the working parts of the two branches of such a tool are generally capable of pivoting relatively to each other in a geometric plane which is fixed relative to the tool, and according to a particular embodiment of the present invention, one of the two manipulation parts is also placed and oriented essentially in this same plane, the manipulation part of the other branch being oriented in a direction not parallel to this fixed plane.
  • Such an orientation of the two handling parts adapts better to the anatomical movement of the user's hand.
  • a pruning shears comprising two branches 1 and 2 intersecting and connected to each other at the crossing point by means of a bolt 7.
  • the branch 1 comprises a part of metal work 6 formed in one piece with a central part 16a and a joint part 8, the latter being connected to the handling part 3 by means of two bolts 12, 13.
  • the second branch 2 similarly includes a metal working part 5 formed in one piece with a central part 16 and a joint part 9 which is connected to the handling part 4 by means of two bolts 12 ′, 13 ′.
  • a spring 19 is disposed between the two joint parts 8 and 9 so as to urge the two branches 1 and 2 in their maximum open position, a locking means (not illustrated) being provided for locking the two branches in their closed position as illustrated in figure 1.
  • each handling part 3 or 4 and between the joint parts 8 or 9 respectively is effected by means of a certain overlap between each handling part and the part of the joints of the same branch, so that the parts of handling 3 and 4 have at their end opposite the joint part a shoulder forming a flat surface 10 (indicated in FIG. 2) which is brought into contact with the flat surface 11 of the joint part 8, the bolts 12 and 13 passing through the handling part 3 and the part of joint 8 perpendicular to surfaces 10 and 11.
  • the length of the surface overlap 10 and 11 or the length of overlap between the handling part and the joint part corresponding essentially to the distance of the two bolts 12 and 13 is considerably shorter than the longitudinal dimension of the handling parts 3 and 4.
  • the part for manipulating a branch of a traditional pruning shear has a metal core 22 integral with the joint part 21, a core which has a narrowed part 24, as well as a part with a larger diameter 23 and which is overmolded with a layer 20 of soft plastic.
  • Such a handle consists essentially of the metal of the blades, and its weight corresponds to this material.
  • the whole handling part is made up of the composite material as defined above, a material whose specific density is substantially lower than the density of the metal of the blades.
  • the handling parts 3 and 4 are arranged in an anatomically advantageous manner, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 3 The view of the pruning shears according to FIG. 3 is taken from the direction of the arrow III indicated in FIG. 1 where the working parts 5 and 6 of the two branches 1 and 2 are presented by their thin side.
  • the composite material may consist of a matrix component and a reinforcement component as described above, the following is an example of a particular embodiment of such a composite material and the manufacture of a handle in this material.
  • the composite material consists of 47% by weight of polyarylamide, a thermoplastic polymer, 50% by weight of glass fibers comprising 96.5% SIO2 and 3% of carbon fibers. This mixture is injected into a form representing a handle by means of an SANDRETTO brand injection press with 90 tonnes of closure, the temperature of the injected mass being 275 ° C. corresponding to the melting temperature of the polyarylamide, the pressure of injection being 1500 bars.
  • the mold used is a mold with four cavities, the temperature of which is kept constant at a value of 170 ° C.
  • the composite materials which are likely to be used for the working parts, in particular for the blades to be cut with a pruning shears, are ceramic composites with organic or inorganic matrix, the definition of ceramics being the fact that they resist temperature of 1000 ° C without losing their mechanical property, in particular their toughness.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Scissors And Nippers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cutting or clamping tool having two branches or at least their handles (3, 4) which are made entirely of composite material, comprising a thermosetting or a thermoplastic polymer matrix component and a reinforcing component such as carbon powder or carbon fibres, glass fibres and/or aramid fibres. In the case of the handles alone being of composite material, only they are fixed to the metal parts, for example of a pair of secateurs, by means of bolts (12, 13) passing through a straddling region (30) between the handle and a metal part (8), the length of the straddling region being considerably shorter than the longitudinal dimension of the handle (3). Compared with traditional tools, such as secateurs or pliers, the handles of which are composed of a metal core integral with the other metal elements and covered with an overmoulded plastic material, the handle or the entire branches of composite material, according to the present invention, have a considerable advantage as regards the total weight, while retaining comparable, or even improved, strength. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention a trait à un outil à couper ou à serrer comportant deux branches reliées l'une à l'autre au moyen d'un joint pivotant, chaque branche comprenant une partie de travail, une partie de joint et une partie de manipulation, la partie de travail étant réalisée en un matériau adapté au travail pour lequel l'outil est destiné, la partie de manipulation étant réalisée de telle façon que sa partie venant en contact avec la main de l'utilisateur soit constituée d'un matériau et/ou ait une forme ménageant physiquement la main de l'utilisateur, les deux branches entières ou au moins les parties de manipulation étant entièrement constituées d'un matériau composite comportant une matrice en polymère incorporant un matériau de renfort. Les outils visés auxquels la présente invention apporte une amélioration sont des outils du type sécateurs pinces etc.The present invention relates to a cutting or clamping tool comprising two branches connected to one another by means of a pivoting joint, each branch comprising a working part, a joint part and a handling part, the working part being made of a material suitable for the work for which the tool is intended, the handling part being made in such a way that its part coming into contact with the user's hand is made of a material and / or has a shape that physically protects the hand of the user, the two whole branches or at least the handling parts being entirely made of a composite material comprising a polymer matrix incorporating a reinforcing material. The tools to which the present invention provides an improvement are tools of the pruning shears type, etc.

Les outils du type mentionné ci-dessus comportent en général deux branches croisées qui sont reliées l'une à l'autre au moyen d'un boulon ou d'un autre moyen adéquat au niveau du croisement des branches de façon à ce qu'un pivotement relatif entre les deux parties de manipulation, généralement appelées poignée, provoque un pivotement similaire des deux parties de travail, à savoir des deux lames accouplées ou des deux têtes d'une pince.Tools of the type mentioned above generally have two crossed branches which are connected to each other by means of a bolt or other suitable means at the crossing of the branches so that a relative pivoting between the two handling parts, generally called handle, causes a similar pivoting of the two working parts, namely of the two coupled blades or the two heads of pliers.

Afin de rendre plus agréable la manipulation de ces outils pour la main de l'utilisateur on sait envelopper les parties de manipulation des deux branches avec un matériau plastique, en lui donnant en plus une forme s'accomodant mieux à l'anatomie de la main. Les outils améliorés de cette façon sont nettement plus agréables à manipuler. Toutefois, ils n'apportent pratiquement aucune amélioration en ce qui concerne le poids total de l'outil.In order to make the handling of these tools more pleasant for the user's hand, it is known to wrap the handling parts of the two branches with a plastic material, giving it in addition a shape which better accommodates the anatomy of the hand. . Tools improved in this way are much more pleasant to handle. However, they provide practically no improvement with regard to the total weight of the tool.

Le document FR-A-2.223.966 décrit un outil à couper ayant des poignées réalisées entièrement en matière synthétique (nylon armé de fibres de verre) selon le préambule de la revendication indépendante. Document FR-A-2,223,966 describes a cutting tool having handles made entirely of synthetic material (nylon reinforced with glass fibers) according to the preamble of the independent claim.

Néanmoins, cet outil connu ne permet pas d'effectuer des travaux nécessitant l'application d'une force manuelle élevée, comme c'est le cas généralement pour les travaux que l'on effectue avec des sécateurs ou des pinces.However, this known tool does not allow work requiring the application of high manual force, as is generally the case for the work that is carried out with secateurs or pliers.

En effet, dans cet outil les poignées sont fixées aux parties de travail par l'engagement d'une extrémité de la poignée dans une virole, et par le serrage d'une vis pointeau. Ce type de fixation présente l'inconvénient d'offrir une très faible résistance aux efforts de traction appliqués aux poignées dans le sens longitudinal.In fact, in this tool the handles are fixed to the working parts by the engagement of one end of the handle in a ferrule, and by the tightening of a needle screw. This type of attachment has the drawback of offering very low resistance to the tensile forces applied to the handles in the longitudinal direction.

Un autre inconvénient de ce type de fixation réside dans la nécessité de prévoir des viroles aux extrémités des parties de joint des branches, ce qui entraîne un alourdissement de l'outil et une complication de son usinage.Another disadvantage of this type of fixing lies in the need to provide ferrules at the ends of the joint parts of the branches, which results in a heavier tool and a complication of its machining.

Le document US-A-4,742,736 décrit un outil ayant les fonctions d'une pince, comportant notamment deux branches articulées. Chaque branche est munie d'une pièce de prolongation, fixée par une extrémité au reste de la branche au moyen de rivets. Document US-A-4,742,736 describes a tool having the functions of pliers, comprising in particular two articulated branches. Each branch is provided with an extension piece, fixed at one end to the rest of the branch by means of rivets.

Néanmoins, les branches de cet outil connu sont réalisées en métal, ce qui alourdit l'ensemble de l'outil et nécessite de revêtir chaque branche d'une couche de matière plastique.However, the branches of this known tool are made of metal, which weighs down the entire tool and requires coating each branch with a layer of plastic.

Un but de la présente invention est de créer un outil du type mentionné ci-dessus, dont le poids est considérablement réduit sans pour autant compromettre sa ténacité et sans augmenter son coût.An object of the present invention is to create a tool of the type mentioned above, the weight of which is considerably reduced without compromising its toughness and without increasing its cost.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de créer un outil pour le protéger contre la rouille lors d'un séjour aux intempéries.Another object of the present invention is to create a tool to protect it against rust during a stay in bad weather.

Ce but est atteint selon la présente invention avec un outil du type mentionné ci-dessus qui est caractérisé en ce que la partie de manipulation de chaque branche est reliée à la partie de joint de cette branche par un moyen d'assujettissement qui est constitué d'au moins deux boulons, les parties de manipulation et de joint comportant des extrémités coopérant l'une avec l'autre et ayant des surfaces plates opposées l'une à l'autre et orientées essentiellement parallèlement à la dimension longitudinale de la branche respective, ces surfaces plates étant traversées par les boulons.This object is achieved according to the present invention with a tool of the type mentioned above which is characterized in that the handling part of each branch is connected to the joint part of this branch by a securing means which consists of: '' at least two bolts, the handling and joint parts having ends cooperating with each other and having flat surfaces opposite one another and oriented essentially parallel to the longitudinal dimension of the respective branch, these flat surfaces being traversed by the bolts.

Dans le cas où les branches entières sont fabriquées en matériau composite, les lames de la partie de travail sont exécutées en céramique à matrice organique ou inorganique renforcée de fibres de carbone, trichites, de bore, de carbure de silicium et/ou de fibres métalliques.In the case where the whole branches are made of composite material, the blades of the working part are made of ceramic with an organic or inorganic matrix reinforced with carbon fibers, whiskers, boron, silicon carbide and / or metallic fibers.

La présente invention est basée sur le principe de substituer les branches métalliques ou au moins les poignées d'un outil traditionnel constituées chacune par une âme métallique faisant partie intégrale de sa branche et étant surmoulée d'une couche plus ou moins mince d'un matériau polymère mou par un matériau composite essentillement homogène et présentant une tenacité suffisante pour résister aux efforts de la main de l'utilisateur sollicitant les deux poignées l'une vers l'autre. La substitution du métal des branches entières ou la suppression complète de la partie métallique qui, dans les outils classiques s'enfile à l'intérieur de la poignée de façon axiale plus ou moins sur la totalité de sa longeur permet d'obtenir une économie maximale de poids.The present invention is based on the principle of replacing the metal branches or at least the handles of a traditional tool each consisting of a metal core forming an integral part of its branch and being overmolded with a more or less thin layer of a material soft polymer by a composite material essentially homogeneous and having sufficient tenacity to withstand the efforts of the user's hand urging the two handles towards each other. Substituting the metal of entire branches or completely eliminating the metal part which, in conventional tools, is threaded inside the handle axially more or less over its entire length, allows maximum economy to be obtained weight.

Selon la présente invention il est proposé de choisir un matériau composite présentant une tenacité suffisante, tout en gardant un poids total considérablement réduit par rapport aux poignées en métal, matériau qui permet de fixer les poignées aux parties des joints des branches à l'aide d'un moyen d'assujettissement dont l'extension longitudinale par rapport à la poignée peut être réduite sur une longueur de l'ordre de 1 à 2 cm sans provoquer la fracture de la poignée à ce niveau.According to the present invention it is proposed to choose a composite material having sufficient toughness, while keeping a considerably reduced total weight compared to metal handles, material which makes it possible to fix the handles to the parts of the joints of the branches using 'A securing means whose longitudinal extension relative to the handle can be reduced over a length of about 1 to 2 cm without causing the fracture of the handle at this level.

Un matériau composite qui répond aux exigences mentionnées ci-dessus en ce qui concerne la tenacité et son poids spécifique comporte une matrice en matériau thermoplastique et/ou thermodurcissable, le matériau de renfort étant des fibres et/ou des poudres.A composite material which meets the requirements mentioned above with regard to the toughness and its specific weight comprises a matrix of thermoplastic and / or thermosetting material, the reinforcing material being fibers and / or powders.

Selon la tenacité requise du matériau composite, sa composition peut comporter 5 à 98% en poids du matériau de la matrice et de 2 à 95 % en poids du matériau de renfort. Certains matériaux de renfort étant considérablement onéreux on choisira le contenu de ce matériau de renfort dans le matériau de composite de façon à obtenir les propriétés désirées du matériau composite sans augmenter la concentration de ces matériaux onéreux au-delà de ce qui est nécessaire.Depending on the required tenacity of the composite material, its composition can comprise 5 to 98% by weight of the matrix material and 2 to 95% by weight of the reinforcing material. Certain reinforcement materials being considerably expensive, the content of this reinforcement material in the composite material will be chosen so to obtain the desired properties of the composite material without increasing the concentration of these expensive materials beyond what is necessary.

Selon des formes de réalisation préférées de la présente invention le matériau de la matrice est un membre choisi dans le groupe des polymères thermoplastiques suivants : polyamide, polyamide semi-aromatique, polyamide aromatique, polyarylamide, polyamide-imide, polyéthersulfone, polyétheréthercétone, polysulfure de phénylène, polymères à cristaux liquides et polyétherimide, et/ou du groupe des thermodurcissables comportant : époxyde, phénoplastes, poly-imides, polyphosphazènes, polyesters insaturés et polystyril-pyridine. Pour la fabrication des lames coupantes d'un sécateur ou autre outil coupant, le matériau de la matrice organique est situé avantageusement entre les poly-imides et les polyamide-imides, une matière inorganique étant avantageusement en carboneAccording to preferred embodiments of the present invention, the matrix material is a member chosen from the group of the following thermoplastic polymers: polyamide, semi-aromatic polyamide, aromatic polyamide, polyarylamide, polyamide-imide, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, phenylene polysulfide , liquid crystal polymers and polyetherimide, and / or from the group of thermosets comprising: epoxide, phenoplasts, polyimides, polyphosphazenes, unsaturated polyesters and polystyril-pyridine. For the manufacture of the cutting blades of a pruning shears or other cutting tool, the material of the organic matrix is advantageously located between the polyimides and the polyamide-imides, an inorganic material being advantageously made of carbon.

Dans les formes de réalisation de la présente invention le matériau de renfort pour la matrice organique du matériau composite de la poignée peut comporter un ou plusieurs membres du groupe comportant du carbone en poudre, des fibres de carbone, des fibres de verre et des fibres d'aramide, les matériaux de renfort pour la matrice organique ou inorganique du matériau composite de la partie de travail étant au moins une fibre choisie parmi les fibres de carbone, de carbure de silicium, de trichite, de métal et de bore.In the embodiments of the present invention, the reinforcing material for the organic matrix of the composite material of the handle may comprise one or more members of the group comprising carbon powder, carbon fibers, glass fibers and fibers. aramid, the reinforcing materials for the organic or inorganic matrix of the composite material of the working part being at least one fiber chosen from carbon, silicon carbide, whiskers, metal and boron fibers.

La tenacité d'un outil traditionnel à couper ou à serrer avec poignée métallique ou poignée à âme métallique surmoulée d'un plastique mou étant de l'ordre de 100 à 120 kg maximum applicable aux extrémités des parties de manipulation, l'outil selon la présente invention comportant des poignées en matériau composite comme défini ci-dessus et ayant des dimensions de section et de longueur comparable aux dimensions des parties de manipulation traditionnelles présente une tenacité de manipulation entre 100 et 200 kg, de préférence entre 160 et 180 kg.The tenacity of a traditional tool to cut or tighten with a metal handle or handle with a metal core overmolded with soft plastic being of the order of 100 to 120 kg maximum applicable to the ends of the handling parts, the tool according to the present invention comprising handles of composite material as defined above and having dimensions of section and length comparable to the dimensions of traditional handling parts has a handling tenacity between 100 and 200 kg, preferably between 160 and 180 kg.

Les fibres constituant le matériau de renfort peuvent être de la catégorie longue et/ou courte, les fibres de moins d'un centimètre étant généralement considérées comme fibres courtes et les fibres mesurant plus d'un centimètre comme fibres longues.The fibers constituting the reinforcing material may be of the long and / or short category, fibers less than one centimeter generally being considered as short fibers and fibers measuring more than one centimeter as long fibers.

Le principe de la présente invention peut être appliqué avantageusement à tous les outils à couper ou à serrer qui sont sujets à l'application d'une force manuelle élevée, notamment des sécateurs ou des pinces. Dans le cas des sécateurs, on envisage une exécution soit en différents matériaux composites pour la partie de travail et la poignée ou la substitution en composite de la poignée uniquement, alors que pour les pinces une exécution en matériaux composites uniques pour les branches entières peut être souhaitable.The principle of the present invention can be advantageously applied to all tools to be cut or clamped which are subject to the application of a high manual force, in particular secateurs or pliers. In the case of pruning shears, we envisage an execution either in different composite materials for the working part and the handle or the substitution in composite of the handle only, while for the pliers an execution in single composite materials for the whole branches can be desirable.

Les parties de travail des deux branches d'un tel outil sont généralement capables de pivoter relativement l'une par rapport à l'autre dans un plan géométrique qui est fixe par rapport à l'outil, et selon une forme de réalisation particulière de la présente invention, une des deux parties de manipulation se trouve également placée et orientée essentiellement dans ce même plan, la partie de manipulation de l'autre branche se trouvant orientée dans une direction non parallèle à ce plan fixe. Une telle orientation des deux parties de manipulation s'adapte mieux au mouvement anatomique de la main de l'utilisateur.The working parts of the two branches of such a tool are generally capable of pivoting relatively to each other in a geometric plane which is fixed relative to the tool, and according to a particular embodiment of the present invention, one of the two manipulation parts is also placed and oriented essentially in this same plane, the manipulation part of the other branch being oriented in a direction not parallel to this fixed plane. Such an orientation of the two handling parts adapts better to the anatomical movement of the user's hand.

L'invention va être décrite maintenant en détail en se référant aux dessins dont la :

  • Fig 1 représente un sécateur réalisé selon la présente invention,
  • Fig 2 illustre un détail de sécateur au niveau du joint entre la partie de manipulation en matériau composite et la partie métallique,
  • Fig 3 est une vue du sécateur selon la figure 1 prise de la direction III indiquée en figure 1, vue dont la partie de joint est partiellement en coupe, et
  • Fig 4 est une section d'une partie de manipulation d'un outil traditionnel.
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, the:
  • FIG. 1 represents a pruning shears produced according to the present invention,
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a detail of pruning shears at the joint between the handling part made of composite material and the metal part,
  • FIG. 3 is a view of the pruning shears according to FIG. 1 taken from the direction III indicated in FIG. 1, a view the joint part of which is partially in section, and
  • Fig 4 is a section of a handling part of a traditional tool.

En se référant à la figure 1 on a illustré un sécateur comportant deux branches 1 et 2 se croisant et reliées l'une à l'autre au niveau du point de croisement au moyen d'un boulon 7. La branche 1 comporte une partie de travail 6 métallique formée en une pièce avec une partie centrale 16a et une partie de joint 8, cette dernière étant reliée à la partie de manipulation 3 au moyen de deux boulons 12, 13. La deuxième branche 2 comporte similairement une partie métallique de travail 5 formée en une pièce avec une partie centrale 16 et une partie de joint 9 qui est reliée à la partie de manipulation 4 au moyen de deux boulons 12′, 13′. De façon connue un ressort 19 est disposé entre les deux parties de joint 8 et 9 de façon à solliciter les deux branches 1 et 2 dans leur position d'ouverture maximale, un moyen de blocage non illustré étant prévu pour bloquer les deux branches dans leur position de fermeture comme illustré dans la figure 1.Referring to Figure 1 there is illustrated a pruning shears comprising two branches 1 and 2 intersecting and connected to each other at the crossing point by means of a bolt 7. The branch 1 comprises a part of metal work 6 formed in one piece with a central part 16a and a joint part 8, the latter being connected to the handling part 3 by means of two bolts 12, 13. The second branch 2 similarly includes a metal working part 5 formed in one piece with a central part 16 and a joint part 9 which is connected to the handling part 4 by means of two bolts 12 ′, 13 ′. In a known manner, a spring 19 is disposed between the two joint parts 8 and 9 so as to urge the two branches 1 and 2 in their maximum open position, a locking means (not illustrated) being provided for locking the two branches in their closed position as illustrated in figure 1.

La connexion entre chaque partie de manipulation 3 ou 4 et entre les parties de joint 8 ou 9 respectivement est effectuée au moyen d'un certain chevauchement entre chaque partie de manipulation et la partie des joints de la même branche, de sorte que les parties de manipulation 3 et 4 comportent à leur extrémité opposée à la partie de joint un épaulement formant une surface plate 10 (indiquée en figure 2) qui est mise en contact avec la surface plate 11 de la partie de joint 8, les boulons 12 et 13 traversant la partie de manipulation 3 et la partie de joint 8 perpendiculairement aux surfaces 10 et 11.The connection between each handling part 3 or 4 and between the joint parts 8 or 9 respectively is effected by means of a certain overlap between each handling part and the part of the joints of the same branch, so that the parts of handling 3 and 4 have at their end opposite the joint part a shoulder forming a flat surface 10 (indicated in FIG. 2) which is brought into contact with the flat surface 11 of the joint part 8, the bolts 12 and 13 passing through the handling part 3 and the part of joint 8 perpendicular to surfaces 10 and 11.

La longueur du chevauchement de surface 10 et 11 ou bien la longueur de chevauchement entre la partie de manipulation et la partie de joint correspondant essentiellement à la distance des deux boulons 12 et 13 est considérablement moins longue que la dimension longitudinale des parties de manipulation 3 et 4.The length of the surface overlap 10 and 11 or the length of overlap between the handling part and the joint part corresponding essentially to the distance of the two bolts 12 and 13 is considerably shorter than the longitudinal dimension of the handling parts 3 and 4.

Comme indiqué dans la figure 4, la partie de manipulation d'une branche d'un sécateur traditionnel comporte une âme métallique 22 solidaire de la partie de joint 21, âme qui comporte une partie rétrécie 24, ainsi qu'une partie de diamètre supérieur 23 et qui est surmoulé d'une couche 20 de plastique mou.As shown in FIG. 4, the part for manipulating a branch of a traditional pruning shear has a metal core 22 integral with the joint part 21, a core which has a narrowed part 24, as well as a part with a larger diameter 23 and which is overmolded with a layer 20 of soft plastic.

Une telle poignée est constituée essentiellement du métal des lames, et son poids correspond à ce matériau. En comparaison respectivement avec les parties de manipulation 3 et 4 de la figure 1 il est évident que toute la partie de manipulation est constistuée du matériau composite comme défini plus haut, matériau dont la densité spécifique est sensiblement inférieure à la densité du métal des lames.Such a handle consists essentially of the metal of the blades, and its weight corresponds to this material. In comparison respectively with the handling parts 3 and 4 of FIG. 1, it is obvious that the whole handling part is made up of the composite material as defined above, a material whose specific density is substantially lower than the density of the metal of the blades.

Selon une forme de réalisation particulière de la présente invention, les parties de manipulation 3 et 4 sont diposées d'une façon anatomiquement avantageuse, comme illustré dans la figure 3.According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the handling parts 3 and 4 are arranged in an anatomically advantageous manner, as illustrated in FIG. 3.

La vue du sécateur selon la figure 3 est prise de la direction de la flèche III indiquée dans la figure 1 où les parties de travail 5 et 6 des deux branches 1 et 2 se présentent par leur côté mince.The view of the pruning shears according to FIG. 3 is taken from the direction of the arrow III indicated in FIG. 1 where the working parts 5 and 6 of the two branches 1 and 2 are presented by their thin side.

Le pivotement autour de l'axe du boulon 7 des parties de travail 5 et 6 lors de l'actionnement du sécateur s'effectue dans un plan qui se trouve perpendiculaire au plan de dessin de la figure 3, la partie de manipulation 3 étant agencée et orientée d'une façon essentiellement parallèle à ce plan. La partie de manipulation 4 est par contre orientée en biais par rapport à ce plan. On a trouvé que cette orientation de la partie de manipulation 4 par rapport à la partie de manipulation 3 est anatomiquement avantageuse de façon à faciliter la manipulation.The pivoting around the axis of the bolt 7 of the working parts 5 and 6 during actuation of the pruning shears takes place in a plane which is perpendicular to the drawing plane of FIG. 3, the handling part 3 being arranged and oriented in a manner essentially parallel to this plane. On the other hand, the handling part 4 is oriented at an angle relative to this plane. We have found that this orientation of the handling part 4 with respect to the part of handling 3 is anatomically advantageous so as to facilitate handling.

L'exécution des parties de manipulation 3 et 4 en matériau composite tel que défini plus haut ayant une densité spécifique de l'ordre de 1,4 gr/cm³ permet de réaliser un sécateur plus léger tout en offrant une tenacité comparable ou supérieure aux poignées traditionnelles comme illustré dans la figure 4.The execution of the handling parts 3 and 4 in composite material as defined above having a specific density of the order of 1.4 gr / cm³ makes it possible to produce a lighter pruner while offering a tenacity comparable or greater to the handles traditional as illustrated in figure 4.

Le matériau composite pouvant être constitué d'une composante de matrice et d'une composante de renfort comme décrit plus haut, ce qui suit est un exemple d'une réalisation particulière d'un tel matériau composite et de la fabrication d'une poignée en ce matériau.The composite material may consist of a matrix component and a reinforcement component as described above, the following is an example of a particular embodiment of such a composite material and the manufacture of a handle in this material.

Exemple : Example :

Le matériau composite est constitué de 47% en poids de polyarylamide, un polymère thermoplastique, de 50% en poids de fibres de verre comportant 96,5% SIO₂ et de 3% de fibres de carbone. Ce mélange est injecté dans une forme représentant une poignée au moyen d'une presse à injecter de la marque SANDRETTO à 90 tonnes de fermeture, la température de la masse injectée étant de 275°C correspondant à la température de fusion du polyarylamide, la pression d'injection étant de 1500 bars.The composite material consists of 47% by weight of polyarylamide, a thermoplastic polymer, 50% by weight of glass fibers comprising 96.5% SIO₂ and 3% of carbon fibers. This mixture is injected into a form representing a handle by means of an SANDRETTO brand injection press with 90 tonnes of closure, the temperature of the injected mass being 275 ° C. corresponding to the melting temperature of the polyarylamide, the pressure of injection being 1500 bars.

Le cycle d'injection est le suivant :

  • injection : 5 secondes,
  • maintien sous pression : 15 secondes,
  • refroidissement et stabilisation : 65 secondes et
  • ouvertures, éjection, refermeture du moule : 5 secondes.
The injection cycle is as follows:
  • injection: 5 seconds,
  • pressurized: 15 seconds,
  • cooling and stabilization: 65 seconds and
  • opening, ejection, closing of the mold: 5 seconds.

Le moule utilisé est un moule à quatre empreintes dont la température est maintenue constante à une valeur de 170°C.The mold used is a mold with four cavities, the temperature of which is kept constant at a value of 170 ° C.

On a décrit l'invention au moyen d'une forme de réalisation possible d'un sécateur et d'un exemple particulier du matériau composite sans pour autant être limité par ces formes de réalisation données à titre exemples. De nombreuses modifications, peuvent être apportées par l'homme du métier, notamment des modifications des composantes du matériau composite.The invention has been described by means of a possible embodiment of a pruning shears and a particular example of the composite material without however being limited by these embodiments given by way of examples. Many modifications, can be made by those skilled in the art, in particular modifications to the components of the composite material.

La présente invention étant décrite plus haut au moyen d'un exemple dans lequel seules les parties de manipulation ont été exécutées en matériau composite, il est cependant bien clair que la protection de la présente demande de brevet couvre également les outils à couper ou à serrer selon la revendication 1 dont les branches entières incluant les parties de travail à savoir, des lames à couper ou les têtes ou becs de pinces, sont fabriqués en un seul ou plusieurs matériaux composites.The present invention being described above by means of an example in which only the handling parts have been executed in composite material, it is however very clear that the protection of the present patent application also covers the tools to be cut or clamped according to claim 1, the entire branches including the working parts, namely, cutting blades or the heads or beaks of pliers, are made of one or more composite materials.

Les matériaux composites qui sont susceptibles d'être utilisés pour les parties de travail, notamment pour les lames à couper d'un sécateur, sont des composites céramiques à matrice organique ou inorganique, la définition des céramiques étant le fait qu'ils résistent à une température de 1000°C sans perdre leur propriété mécanique, en particulier leur tenacité.The composite materials which are likely to be used for the working parts, in particular for the blades to be cut with a pruning shears, are ceramic composites with organic or inorganic matrix, the definition of ceramics being the fact that they resist temperature of 1000 ° C without losing their mechanical property, in particular their toughness.

Claims (11)

  1. A cutting or clamping tool including two legs (1, 2) connected one another by means of a pivoting joint (7), each leg being provided with a working portion (5, 6), a joint portion (8, 9) and a handling portion (2, 4), with the working portion (5, 6) being made of a material adapted to the work intended for the tool, the handling portion (3, 4) being designed so that the portion thereof engageable with the user's hand be formed of a material and/or show a shape which physically spare the user's hand, both complete legs or at least the handling portions (3, 4) being entirely made of a composite material including a polymer matrix in which a reinforcing material is incorporated, characterized in that said handling portion (3, 4) of each leg (1, 2) is connected to said joint portion (8, 9) of this leg by a fastening means including at least two bolts (12, 13), said handling (3, 4) and joint (8, 9) portions being provided with cooperating ends and having flat facing surfaces (10, 11) which are orientated substantially in parallel with the longitudinal dimension of the respective leg, said bolts (12, 13) going through said flat surfaces (10, 11).
  2. A tool as recited in claim 1, characterized in that said composite material includes a thermoplastic or thermosetting material matrix and said reinforcing material includes fibres and/or a powder.
  3. A tool as recited in claim 2, characterized in that said composite material composition includes from 5 to 98 % by weight of said matrix material and from 2 to 95 % by weight of said reinforcing material.
  4. A tool as recited in claim 3, characterized in that said matrix material includes at least a material selected from the thermoplastic material group including : polyamides, semi-aromatic polyamides, aromatic polyamides, polyarylamides, polyamide-imides, polyethersulfones, polyether-etherketones, phenylene polysulfides, liquid cristal polymers, and polyether-imides, and/or the thermosetting material group including : epoxy, phenoplast, poly-imide, polyphoshazene, unsaturated polyesters and polystyril-pyridine.
  5. A tool as recited in either claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said reinforcing material is at least a material selected from the group including : powdered carbon, carbon fibers, glass fibers and aramide fibers.
  6. A tool as recited in any preceding claim, characterized in that said composite material having cross-section dimensions and length comparable with dimensions of conventional handling portions shows an handling toughness from 100 to 200 kg, preferably from 160 to 180 kg.
  7. A tool as recited in claim 5, characterized in that said reinforcing fibers are long and/or short fibers.
  8. A tool as recited in any preceding claim, characterized in that it concerns pruning scissors or pliers.
  9. A tool as recited in any preceding claim, characterized in that said working portions (5, 6) can pivot one with reference to the other within a fixed plane relative to the tool, with one of said handling portions (3) being primarily orientated in parallel with such a plane, the other handling portion (4) being orientated in a direction non-parallel to said plane.
  10. A cutting tool including handling portions (3, 4) made of composite material as recited in either claim 4 or 5, characterized in that said working portions (5, 6) and/or said joint portions (16, 16a, 8, 9) are made of a ceramic composite material including an organic matrix component selected from polyimides which is reinforced with carbon fibers, whiskers, boron, silicon carbide and/or metal fibers, or an inorganic carbon-base material which is reinforced with the same type of fibers.
  11. A cutting tool as recited in any preceding claim, characterized in that said working portions, joint portions and handling portions are made of a composite material.
EP89402325A 1988-09-01 1989-08-23 Cutting or clamping tool with a composite handle Expired - Lifetime EP0357490B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89402325T ATE84254T1 (en) 1988-09-01 1989-08-23 TOOL FOR CUTTING OR CLAMPING WITH COMPOSITE HANDLE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8811447A FR2635710B1 (en) 1988-09-01 1988-09-01 CUTTING OR TIGHTENING TOOL WITH COMPOSITE HANDLE
FR8811447 1988-09-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0357490A1 EP0357490A1 (en) 1990-03-07
EP0357490B1 true EP0357490B1 (en) 1993-01-07

Family

ID=9369643

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89402325A Expired - Lifetime EP0357490B1 (en) 1988-09-01 1989-08-23 Cutting or clamping tool with a composite handle

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0357490B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE84254T1 (en)
DE (1) DE68904270T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2635710B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7654005B2 (en) 2005-07-28 2010-02-02 Laurent Perrin Two-piece assembly, assembly kit and method of achieving an assembly
US20130047442A1 (en) * 2011-08-24 2013-02-28 Jiin Haur Industrial Co.,Ltd. Gardening scissors

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW267126B (en) * 1993-02-04 1996-01-01 Petersen Mfg Co Ltd
FR2832948B1 (en) * 2001-11-30 2004-01-16 Deville Sa CUTTING TOOL OR THE LIKE AS A PRUNER COMPRISING TWO PIVOTING ACTIVE ORGANS
ES2921953T3 (en) * 2019-07-31 2022-09-05 Ostium Group Modular Tool Handle

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2624114A (en) * 1950-02-01 1953-01-06 Althausen Paul Shears
US3613753A (en) * 1969-04-21 1971-10-19 Vaughan & Bushnell Mfg Co Hollow hammer handle with longitudinally tensioned glass fibers
FR2223966A5 (en) * 1973-03-29 1974-10-25 Busseau Suzanne Cutting shears for use on electric cables - have handles of insulating material attached to pinned steel blades
US4334563A (en) * 1980-07-21 1982-06-15 The Budd Company Swingable impact tool
DE3545757A1 (en) * 1985-12-21 1987-07-02 Schraubenwerke Gaisbach Gmbh & TIN SHEARS
US4742736A (en) * 1986-08-22 1988-05-10 Lisle Corporation Band clamp pliers

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7654005B2 (en) 2005-07-28 2010-02-02 Laurent Perrin Two-piece assembly, assembly kit and method of achieving an assembly
US20130047442A1 (en) * 2011-08-24 2013-02-28 Jiin Haur Industrial Co.,Ltd. Gardening scissors
US8713804B2 (en) * 2011-08-24 2014-05-06 Jiin Haur Industrial Co. Ltd. Gardening scissors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE84254T1 (en) 1993-01-15
EP0357490A1 (en) 1990-03-07
FR2635710B1 (en) 1993-09-03
FR2635710A1 (en) 1990-03-02
DE68904270D1 (en) 1993-02-18
DE68904270T2 (en) 1993-08-05

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