EP0353168A1 - Method and drilling machine for examination and exploitation of the subsoil - Google Patents

Method and drilling machine for examination and exploitation of the subsoil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0353168A1
EP0353168A1 EP89420268A EP89420268A EP0353168A1 EP 0353168 A1 EP0353168 A1 EP 0353168A1 EP 89420268 A EP89420268 A EP 89420268A EP 89420268 A EP89420268 A EP 89420268A EP 0353168 A1 EP0353168 A1 EP 0353168A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
drilling
jacket
cutter
axial
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Granted
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EP89420268A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0353168B1 (en
Inventor
Gérard Sabatier
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Orano Cycle SA
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Compagnie Generale des Matieres Nucleaires SA
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Priority to AT89420268T priority Critical patent/ATE95275T1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B6/00—Drives for drilling with combined rotary and percussive action
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/12—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using drilling pipes with plural fluid passages, e.g. closed circulation systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes

Definitions

  • the present invention is the new application to an existing drilling method (percussive drilling with hammer out of the hole) of a particular circulation technique (double tube reverse circulation) already used in drilling but in totally different fields by example: tricone drilling.
  • tubular elements are screwed onto the top of the tube on which the drilling mechanism acts again.
  • the tube is used to inject a fluid (air, water, ...) whose role is to clean the cutter, to clear the bottom of the hole of the rock debris and to raise them to the surface through the annular space between tube and ground.
  • a fluid air, water, (7) whose role is to clean the cutter, to clear the bottom of the hole of the rock debris and to raise them to the surface through the annular space between tube and ground.
  • This method has 2 main drawbacks: - the fluid loaded with excavation debris can be polluted by other debris torn from the wall during the ascent, which prevents the succession of the lands crossed from being reconstituted. - the sleeves which serve to assemble the tubular elements between them protruding into the borehole, they contribute to the degradation of the wall and create a permanent risk of jamming.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to avoid these drawbacks and to carry out better quality drilling and to make "hammer drilling out of the hole" a real geological recognition tool by obtaining a good sampling of the land crossed and this, at a lower cost than traditional coring.
  • the water at the base comes out around the cutter, cleans the bottom of the borehole, then through the central hole of the tail lant and the inside of the tube rises with the rock debris to the surface.
  • the rock debris rises - as soon as they are taken (no pollution of the sample during the ascent) - very quickly (small section of the interior of the tube) - without being regrinded along the borehole by the sleeves, which makes it possible to obtain rock elements of a size facilitating their identification and study.
  • this debris is ejected on the surface either in the axis of the hammer by the needle which passes through the piston, or laterally under the hammer.
  • the drilling device is characterized in that around the axial tube is delimited, by a jacket, an annular volume which is connected, under the hammer, to a water injection head and, at the bottom of the hole, to the carving himself.
  • a stack of monoblock double-body elements composed of an axial tube and a male threaded peripheral jacket at one end and female at the other will be used, these threads serving to couple the monoblock elements. double-body them and to rotate them.
  • the tube is centered inside the jacket by a device which leaves it sheltered from the shock waves transmitted by the tube and which allows a certain sliding between tube and shirt.
  • the axial tube will be constituted by conventional tubular extensions threaded male at their two ends and joined together by sleeves.
  • the peripheral jacket will be formed by male threaded elements on one side, female on the other and screwed to each other.
  • the axial tube and the peripheral liner are only interconnected at their ends, under the hammer and at the cutting edge.
  • the rotary drive of the cutter can be ensured in two ways, either by the hammer acting on the tube, either by an independent rotation head acting on the jacket.
  • the shirt which, in all cases, progresses with the cutter, it can accompany it in two ways, either by not turning, or by being rotated either by the rotation head or by a linked device to the cutter.
  • the hammer has a tubular piston crossed by a hollow "needle" whose internal diameter is identical to that of the axial tube, which gives a strictly rectilinear path for the rock debris lifted by the water, so that it can be collected at the outlet of the tube above the hammer.
  • This particular configuration allows, subject to minor modifications to the cutting edge, the continuous ascent of carrots, thus further improving the quality of the sampling of the terrain crossed.
  • the rotary hammer 1 comprises a piston 2 which strikes in the known manner on the upper section 3 of a tube 4.
  • This consists of a series of tubular extensions such as 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 assembled one after the other.
  • each extension has at its top a threaded area 10 ( Figure 4) and at its base another threaded area 11.
  • the two threads are in the same direction and the assembly is carried out in the known manner by screwing in a threaded sleeve 12 of two adjacent threaded zones 10 and 11 ( Figure 4).
  • the tube (composed of tubular extensions) is screwed onto the cutting edge 13 by means of a threaded sleeve 14.
  • This sleeve 14 has the particularity of having the thread on the side opposite the cutting edge that is easier to unscrew. than those of the aforementioned zones 10 and 11.
  • a section 18 is provided on the body provided with longitudinal grooves 19.
  • the latter slide freely in the axial direction (double arrow 20, FIG. 2) between the corresponding grooves 21 provided inside the end 22 of the lower element 24 of a jacket 23 formed by screwing one after the other, elements such as 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.
  • jacket elements 24 to 28 are assembled in line with one another by male 30 and female 31 threads cut in the reinforced zones 29.
  • the pitch of these latter threads has the particularity of being in the opposite direction to the threads 10,11 , 15, 17. In other words, some are threaded "to the right", others "to the left".
  • the hammer 1 when the hammer 1 drives the drilling tube 4 through its top, it is the lower part thereof which, by the grooves 19, 21, rotates the foot of the jacket 23. Thanks to this arrangement, the rotation controlled by the hammer 1 tends to tighten all the screwed assemblies, both those of the tube 4 and those of the jacket 23.
  • centering pins 32 are provided on the inner wall of the jacket 23, distributed in the reinforced zones 29 and possibly in the jacket elements 24 to 28. These pins are intended to bear against the outside of the tube 4, to define around it an annular intermediate space 33 where the drilling fluid (air or water) will circulate.
  • a wide peripheral groove 34 is preferably provided on the drill bit 13 ( Figures 2, 7, 10) and longitudinal milled channels 35. It is also expected that the number of grooves male 19 (for example three in Figure 9) is lower than that of the grooves 21 of the sleeve 22 (for example six), which leaves free large passages of water or air 36 (for example three).
  • the upper section 3 is surmounted by a striking surface 37 and it has a lateral outlet opening 38 which communicates with the interior space 39 of the drilling tube 4.
  • annular space 33 is closed at its upper part by a sealed injection drum 40 which surrounds the tube 4 but remains isolated from the striking of the piston 2, while this space 33 opens laterally on a supply channel. 41 connected to an injection of compressed air or pressurized water.
  • the axial tube 4 is used to transmit to the cutting edge 13 the shock waves and the rotational movement.
  • the fluid (air or water) injected through the supply channel 41 descends into the annular space 33 then, through the passages 36, 34, 35 reaches the digging zone 42 located at the bottom of the hole which it cleans and d 'where it discharges the debris 43. These are raised by the central space 39, then ejected through the opening 38. Thus, the rock debris reassembled is not likely to be polluted by the terrain already crossed.
  • FIGs 12, 14 There is shown in Figures 12, 14, a possible embodiment of the head device connecting the tube 4, the jacket 23 and the hammer 1 according to Figures 1 and 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/FR88/00388 Sec. 371 Date May 10, 1990 Sec. 102(e) Date May 10, 1990 PCT Filed Jul. 24, 1989 PCT Pub. No. WO90/01102 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 8, 1990.The invention relates to the drilling of a hole for the study of the underground. The roto-percussion head acts on the drilling tube of which the base carries a cutter. The cutter is integral with the sleeve inside which drilling water is injected. The water and the rock debris go up and out through the evacuation opening. Application to the reverse flow drilling allowing to extract at the evacuation opening cores or rock debris which go up inside the axial tube as soon as they are taken without any risk of being contaminated by the previously traversed layers of ground.

Description

La présente invention est l'application nouvelle à un mode de forage existant (le forage percutant avec mar­teau hors du trou) d'une technique particulière de circula­tion (la circulation inverse double tube) déjà utilisée dans les forages mais dans des domaines totalement différents par exemple : le forage au tricône.The present invention is the new application to an existing drilling method (percussive drilling with hammer out of the hole) of a particular circulation technique (double tube reverse circulation) already used in drilling but in totally different fields by example: tricone drilling.

On sait depuis longtemps forer le sol à l'aide d'­un taillant vissé à l'extrémité inférieure d'un tube dontle sommet est soumis simultanément à la percussion et à la ro­tation données par un marteau de surface.It has long been known to drill the ground using a cutter screwed to the lower end of a tube, the top of which is subjected simultaneously to the percussion and rotation given by a surface hammer.

Au fur et à mesure de la progression du forage, on visse sur le sommet du tube des éléments tubulaires sur lesquels le mécanisme de forage agit à nouveau.As the drilling progresses, tubular elements are screwed onto the top of the tube on which the drilling mechanism acts again.

Le tube est utilisé pour injecter un fluide (air, eau,...) dont le rôle est de nettoyer le taillant, de déga­ger le fond du trou des débris de roche et de les remonter jusqu'à la surface par l'espace annulaire entre tube et ter­rain.The tube is used to inject a fluid (air, water, ...) whose role is to clean the cutter, to clear the bottom of the hole of the rock debris and to raise them to the surface through the annular space between tube and ground.

Cette méthode présente 2 inconvénients principaux:
- le fluide chargé des débris du creusement peut être pol­lué par d'autres débris arrachés à la paroi au cours de la remontée, ce qui empêche de reconstituer la succession des terrains traversés.
- les manchons qui servent à assembler les éléments tubu­laires entre eux faisant saillie dans le forage, ils contri­buent à la dégradation de la paroi et créent un risque per­manent de coincement.This method has 2 main drawbacks:
- the fluid loaded with excavation debris can be polluted by other debris torn from the wall during the ascent, which prevents the succession of the lands crossed from being reconstituted.
- the sleeves which serve to assemble the tubular elements between them protruding into the borehole, they contribute to the degradation of the wall and create a permanent risk of jamming.

La présente invention a pour but d'éviter ces in­convénients et de réaliser des forages de meilleure qualité et de faire du "forage avec marteau hors du trou" un véri­table outil de reconnaissance géologique en obtenant un bon échantillonnage des terrains traversés et ce, à un moindre coût que le carottage traditionnel.The purpose of the present invention is to avoid these drawbacks and to carry out better quality drilling and to make "hammer drilling out of the hole" a real geological recognition tool by obtaining a good sampling of the land crossed and this, at a lower cost than traditional coring.

Le procédé selon l'invention pour réaliser un fo­rage percutant à circulation inverse avec marteau hors du trou est caractérisé en ce que l'eau est injectée entre une chemise et un tube concentriques progressant simultanémentThe method according to the invention for carrying out a percussive reverse circulation drilling with hammer out of the hole is characterized in that the water is injected between a concentric jacket and tube progressing simultaneously

L'eau parvenue à la base sort autour du taillant, nettoie le fond du forage, puis par le trou central du tail­ lant et l'intérieur du tube remonte avec les débris de ro­che jusqu'en surface.The water at the base comes out around the cutter, cleans the bottom of the borehole, then through the central hole of the tail lant and the inside of the tube rises with the rock debris to the surface.

Grâce à cette application nouvelle du procédé, les débris de roche remontent
- dès qu'ils sont prélevés (pas de pollution de l'échantil­lon au cours de la remontée)
- très rapidement (faible section de l'intérieur du tube)
- sans être rebroyés le long du forage par les manchons ce qui permet d'obtenir des éléments de roche d'une taille fa­cilitant leur identification et leur étude.Thanks to this new application of the process, the rock debris rises
- as soon as they are taken (no pollution of the sample during the ascent)
- very quickly (small section of the interior of the tube)
- without being regrinded along the borehole by the sleeves, which makes it possible to obtain rock elements of a size facilitating their identification and study.

Un dispositif de forage selon l'invention pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé comprend un tube axial dont le som­met reçoit la frappe d'un marteau et dont l'intérieur sert à la remontée des débris qui sont éjectés en surface.A drilling device according to the invention for implementing the method comprises an axial tube, the top of which receives the strike of a hammer and the interior of which is used for raising the debris which is ejected at the surface.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention ces dé­bris sont éjectés en surface soit dans l'axe du marteau par l'aiguille qui traverse le piston, soit latéralement sous le marteau.According to a characteristic of the invention, this debris is ejected on the surface either in the axis of the hammer by the needle which passes through the piston, or laterally under the hammer.

Le dispositif de forage est caractérisé en ce qu'­autour du tube axial se trouve délimité, par une chemise, un volume annulaire qui est raccordé, sous le marteau, à une tête d'injection d'eau et, au fond du trou, au taillant lui-­même.The drilling device is characterized in that around the axial tube is delimited, by a jacket, an annular volume which is connected, under the hammer, to a water injection head and, at the bottom of the hole, to the carving himself.

Selon qu'il est nécessaire de livrer au géologue un forage chemisé ou non on utilisera 2 dispositifs diffé­rents.Depending on whether it is necessary to deliver a jacketed borehole to the geologist, we will use 2 different devices.

Si le trou doit être livré nu on emploiera un em­pilage d'éléments monoblocs double-corps composés d'un tube axial et d'une chemise périphérique filetée mâle à une ex­trémité et femelle à l'autre, ces filetages servant à accou­pler les éléments monoblocs double-corps entre eux et à les entraîner en rotation.If the hole is to be delivered bare, a stack of monoblock double-body elements composed of an axial tube and a male threaded peripheral jacket at one end and female at the other will be used, these threads serving to couple the monoblock elements. double-body them and to rotate them.

Le tube est centré à l'intérieur de la chemise par un dispositif qui laisse celle-ci à l'abri des ondes de choc transmises par le tube et qui autorise un certain coulisse­ment entre tube et chemise.The tube is centered inside the jacket by a device which leaves it sheltered from the shock waves transmitted by the tube and which allows a certain sliding between tube and shirt.

Si le trou doit être chemisé, il est préférable d'utiliser l'autre dispositif. Le tube axial sera constitué par des allonges tubulaires classiques filetées mâle à leurs deux extrémités et assemblées entre elles par des man­chons.If the hole needs to be lined, it is best to use the other device. The axial tube will be constituted by conventional tubular extensions threaded male at their two ends and joined together by sleeves.

La chemise périphérique sera formée par des éléments filetés mâle d'un côté , femelle de l'autre et vissés les uns aux autres.The peripheral jacket will be formed by male threaded elements on one side, female on the other and screwed to each other.

A la différence du dispositif monobloc dou­ble-corps le tube axial et la chemise périphérique ne sont reliés entre eux qu'à leurs extrémités, sous le mar­teau et au taillant.Unlike the one-piece double-body device, the axial tube and the peripheral liner are only interconnected at their ends, under the hammer and at the cutting edge.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention outre la frappe qui est , dans tous les cas , transmise par le tube jusqu'au taillant , l'entraînement en rota­tion du taillant peut être assuré de deux façons , soit par le marteau agissant sur le tube , soit par une tête de rotation indépendante agissant sur la chemise.According to a characteristic of the invention, in addition to the impact which is, in all cases, transmitted by the tube to the cutter, the rotary drive of the cutter can be ensured in two ways, either by the hammer acting on the tube, either by an independent rotation head acting on the jacket.

Quant à la chemise qui, dans tous les cas, progresse avec le taillant, elle peut l'accompagner de deux façons , soit en ne tournant pas , soit en étant mise en rotation ou bien par le tête de rotation ou bien par un dispositif lié au taillant.As for the shirt which, in all cases, progresses with the cutter, it can accompany it in two ways, either by not turning, or by being rotated either by the rotation head or by a linked device to the cutter.

Dans ce dernier cas les filetages des élé­ments du tube et ceux des éléments de la chemise devront être réalisés de sens opposé.In the latter case the threads of the elements of the tube and those of the elements of the jacket must be made in opposite directions.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'inven­tion, le marteau possède un piston tubulaire que traverse une " aiguille " creuse dont le diamètre intérieur est identique à celui du tube axial , ce qui donne un trajet rigoureusement rectiligne pour les débris de roche remon­tés par l'eau , si bien qu'on peut les recueillir à la sortie du tube au-dessus du marteau.According to another characteristic of the invention, the hammer has a tubular piston crossed by a hollow "needle" whose internal diameter is identical to that of the axial tube, which gives a strictly rectilinear path for the rock debris lifted by the water, so that it can be collected at the outlet of the tube above the hammer.

Cette configuration particulière permet , sous réserve de modifications mineures du taillant , la remontée continue de carottes , améliorant encore ainsi la qualité de l' échantillonnage des terrains tra­versés.This particular configuration allows, subject to minor modifications to the cutting edge, the continuous ascent of carrots, thus further improving the quality of the sampling of the terrain crossed.

Le dessin annexé , donné à titre d' exemple non limitatif , permettra de mieux comprendre l' inven­tion et les avantages qu 'elle est susceptible de pro­curer.

  • Figure 1 est une coupe longitudinale schématique montrant la partie supérieure d'une installation de forage selon l'invention.
  • Figure 2 montre l'extrémité inférieure au niveau du taillant.
  • Figure 3 montre une variante de la Figure 1, per­mettant en outre de recueillir des carottes au dessus du marteau.
  • Figure 4 illustre la zone de raccordement entre deux éléments du tube central.
  • Figure 5 est une vue de la base du tube axial et du premier élément de la chemise périphérique.
  • Figure 6 illustre le mode de dévissage entre deux éléments de la chemise périphérique.
  • Figure 7 illustre la structure inférieure, dans la zone du taillant.
  • Figure 8 montre la circulation de l'eau et des sédiments dans la zone du taillant.
  • Figure 9 est une coupe suivant IX-IX (Figure 10).
  • Figure 10 montre la liaison du taillant avec la base du tube axial et de celle de la chemise périphérique.
  • Figure 11 montre le forage terminé, tel qu'on le livre chemisé.
  • Figure 12 détaille une structure possible dans la zone supérieure de la Figure 1 en position "forage".
  • Figure 13 est une coupe transversale suivant XIII-­XIII (Figure 12) montrant une clé de déblocage.
  • Figure 14 correspond à une autre vue de la Figure 12, mais en position "manoeuvre".
The appended drawing, given by way of nonlimiting example, will allow a better understanding of the invention and the advantages which it is likely to provide.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal section showing the upper part of a drilling installation according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows the lower end at the cutting edge.
  • Figure 3 shows a variant of Figure 1, allowing further to collect carrots above the hammer.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the connection area between two elements of the central tube.
  • Figure 5 is a view of the base of the axial tube and the first element of the peripheral jacket.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the method of unscrewing between two elements of the peripheral liner.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the lower structure, in the cutting area.
  • Figure 8 shows the circulation of water and sediment in the cutting area.
  • Figure 9 is a section along IX-IX (Figure 10).
  • Figure 10 shows the connection of the cutter with the base of the axial tube and that of the peripheral liner.
  • Figure 11 shows the completed drilling, as it is delivered jacketed.
  • Figure 12 details a possible structure in the upper area of Figure 1 in the "drilling" position.
  • Figure 13 is a cross section along XIII-XIII (Figure 12) showing an unlocking key.
  • Figure 14 corresponds to another view of Figure 12, but in the "maneuver" position.

On a représenté sur les Figures 1 et 2 le schéma d'un dispositif de forage à flux inverse selon l'invention.There is shown in Figures 1 and 2 the diagram of a reverse flow drilling device according to the invention.

Le marteau roto-percutant 1 comprend un piston 2 qui frappe à la manière connue sur le tronçon supérieur 3d′ un tube 4. Celui-ci est constitué par une suite d'allonges tubulaires telles que 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 assemblées les unes à la suite des autres. Pour cela, chaque allonge possède à son sommet une zone filetée 10 (Figure 4) et à sa base une autre zone filetée 11. Les deux filetages sont de même sens et l'assemblage s'effectue à la manière connue par vissage dans un manchon fileté 12 de deux zones filetées adjacentes 10 et 11 (Figure 4).The rotary hammer 1 comprises a piston 2 which strikes in the known manner on the upper section 3 of a tube 4. This consists of a series of tubular extensions such as 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 assembled one after the other. For this, each extension has at its top a threaded area 10 (Figure 4) and at its base another threaded area 11. The two threads are in the same direction and the assembly is carried out in the known manner by screwing in a threaded sleeve 12 of two adjacent threaded zones 10 and 11 (Figure 4).

A son extrémité inférieure, le tube (composé d'al­longes tubulaires) est vissé sur le taillant 13 par l'in­termédiaire d'un manchon fileté 14. Ce manchon 14 présente la particularité d'avoir le filetage côté opposé au tail­lant plus facile à dévisser que ceux des zones précitées 10 et 11. A cet effet, on peut prévoir :
- dans la partie supérieure du manchon 14, pour son assem­blage avec l'allonge tubulaire inférieure 9 du tube 4, un filet 15 à profil trapézoïdal ;
- dans la partie inférieure du manchon 14, pour son assem­blage avec le filetage 16 du taillant 13, un filet 17 à pro­fil cordon, par exemple du genre classé sous la référence R 45 dans la norme européenne (Figures 2 et 7).At its lower end, the tube (composed of tubular extensions) is screwed onto the cutting edge 13 by means of a threaded sleeve 14. This sleeve 14 has the particularity of having the thread on the side opposite the cutting edge that is easier to unscrew. than those of the aforementioned zones 10 and 11. To this end, provision can be made:
- In the upper part of the sleeve 14, for its assembly with the lower tubular extension 9 of the tube 4, a thread 15 with a trapezoidal profile;
- In the lower part of the sleeve 14, for its assembly with the thread 16 of the cutting edge 13, a thread 17 with a cord profile, for example of the kind classified under the reference R 45 in the European standard (Figures 2 and 7).

Par ailleurs, entre l'embase proprement dite du taillant 13 et son filetage mâle 16, on prévoit sur le corps un tronçon 18 pourvu de cannelures longitudinales 19. Ces dernières coulissent librement dans le sens axial (flèche double 20, Figure 2) entre les cannelures correspondantes 21 prévues à l'intérieur de l'extrémité 22 de l'élément in­férieur 24 d'une chemise 23 formée par vissage les uns au bout des autres, d'éléments tels que 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.Ces éléments de chemise 24 à 28 sont assemblés dans le prolon­gement les uns des autres par des filetages mâle 30 et fe­melle 31 taillés dans les zones renforcées 29. Le pas de ces derniers filetages présente la particularité d'être de sens inverse des filetages 10,11, 15, 17. Autrement dit, les uns sont filetés "à droite", les autres "à gauche". Ainsi, lorsque le marteau 1 entraîne par son sommet le tube de fo­rage 4, c'est la partie inférieure de celui-ci qui, par les cannelures 19, 21, entraîne en rotation le pied de la chemise 23. Grâce à cette disposition, la rotation commandée par le marteau 1 tend à serrer tous les assemblages vissés, aussi bien ceux du tube 4 que ceux de la chemise 23.Furthermore, between the base proper of the cutting edge 13 and its male thread 16, a section 18 is provided on the body provided with longitudinal grooves 19. The latter slide freely in the axial direction (double arrow 20, FIG. 2) between the corresponding grooves 21 provided inside the end 22 of the lower element 24 of a jacket 23 formed by screwing one after the other, elements such as 24, 25, 26, 27, 28. jacket elements 24 to 28 are assembled in line with one another by male 30 and female 31 threads cut in the reinforced zones 29. The pitch of these latter threads has the particularity of being in the opposite direction to the threads 10,11 , 15, 17. In other words, some are threaded "to the right", others "to the left". Thus, when the hammer 1 drives the drilling tube 4 through its top, it is the lower part thereof which, by the grooves 19, 21, rotates the foot of the jacket 23. Thanks to this arrangement, the rotation controlled by the hammer 1 tends to tighten all the screwed assemblies, both those of the tube 4 and those of the jacket 23.

Par ailleurs, des pions de centrage 32 sont pré­vus sur la paroi intérieure de la chemise 23, répartis dans les zones renforcées 29 et éventuellement dans les éléments de chemise 24 à 28. Ces pions sont destinés à prendre appui contre l'extérieur du tube 4, pour définir autour de lui un espace intermédiaire annulaire 33 où circulera le fluide de forage (air ou eau).Furthermore, centering pins 32 are provided on the inner wall of the jacket 23, distributed in the reinforced zones 29 and possibly in the jacket elements 24 to 28. These pins are intended to bear against the outside of the tube 4, to define around it an annular intermediate space 33 where the drilling fluid (air or water) will circulate.

Enfin, pour augmenter les sections de passage pré­vues pour le fluide de forage, on prévoit préférablement sur le trépan 13 une large gorge périphérique 34 (Figures 2, 7, 10) et des canaux fraisés longitudinaux 35. On prévoit aussi que le nombre des cannelures mâles 19 (par exemple trois sur la Figure 9) est inférieur à celui des cannelures 21 du man­chon 22 (par exemple six), ce qui laisse libres de larges passages d'eau ou d'air 36 (par exemple trois).Finally, to increase the passage sections provided for the drilling fluid, a wide peripheral groove 34 is preferably provided on the drill bit 13 (Figures 2, 7, 10) and longitudinal milled channels 35. It is also expected that the number of grooves male 19 (for example three in Figure 9) is lower than that of the grooves 21 of the sleeve 22 (for example six), which leaves free large passages of water or air 36 (for example three).

Dans l'exemple de la Figure 1, le tronçon supé­rieur 3 est surmonté par une surface de frappe 37 et il pos­sède une ouverture de sortie latérale 38 qui communique avec l'espace intérieur 39 du tube de forage 4.In the example of FIG. 1, the upper section 3 is surmounted by a striking surface 37 and it has a lateral outlet opening 38 which communicates with the interior space 39 of the drilling tube 4.

Par ailleurs, l'espace annulaire 33 est obturé à sa partie supérieure par un touret d'injection étanche 40 qui entoure le tube 4 mais reste isolé de la frappe du pis­ton 2, alors que cet espace 33 débouche latéralement sur un canal d'alimentation 41 relié à une injection d'air comprimé ou d'eau sous pression.Furthermore, the annular space 33 is closed at its upper part by a sealed injection drum 40 which surrounds the tube 4 but remains isolated from the striking of the piston 2, while this space 33 opens laterally on a supply channel. 41 connected to an injection of compressed air or pressurized water.

Le fonctionnement est le suivant :The operation is as follows:

Le tube axial 4 sert à transmettre au taillant 13 les ondes de choc et le mouvement de rotation. Le fluide (air ou eau) injecté par le canal d'alimentation 41 descend dans l'espace annulaire 33 puis, par les passages 36, 34, 35 parvient à la zone de creusement 42 située au fond du trou qu'il nettoie et d'où il évacue les débris 43. Ceux-ci sont remontés par l'espace central 39, puis éjectés par l'ouver­ture 38. Ainsi, les débris de roche remontés ne risquent pas d'être pollués par les terrains déjà traversés.The axial tube 4 is used to transmit to the cutting edge 13 the shock waves and the rotational movement. The fluid (air or water) injected through the supply channel 41 descends into the annular space 33 then, through the passages 36, 34, 35 reaches the digging zone 42 located at the bottom of the hole which it cleans and d 'where it discharges the debris 43. These are raised by the central space 39, then ejected through the opening 38. Thus, the rock debris reassembled is not likely to be polluted by the terrain already crossed.

En fin de forage, il suffit de bloquer avec une clé 44 (Figures 12 et 15) le sommet de la chemise 23, puis de provoquer la rotation du tube 4 en sens inverse du sens utilisé pour le forage. C'est au niveau du manchon 14 que les filetages se desserrent et se dévissent, si bien que la chemise 23 et le trépan 13 restent en place dans le trou 45 (Figure 11) lorsque l'on a extrait le tube 4. Ainsi, le trou 35 peut être livré tubé.At the end of drilling, it suffices to block with a key 44 (Figures 12 and 15) the top of the jacket 23, then to cause the rotation of the tube 4 in the opposite direction to the direction used for drilling. It is at the sleeve 14 that the threads loosen and unscrew, so that the jacket 23 and the drill bit 13 remain in place in the hole 45 (FIG. 11) when the tube 4 has been extracted. Thus, the hole 35 can be supplied cased.

Dans la variante de la Figure 3, on prévoit dans le marteau 46, un piston 47 qui présente la particularité d'être percé. Ce piston annulaire est traversé par une ai­guille tubulaire 48 qui prolonge vers le haut le tube 4. L'intérêt de cette disposition est d'évacuer les sédiments 43 suivant un trajet entièrement rectiligne jusqu'à l'ou­verture d'évacuation finale 48. Grâce à cette structure, on peut donc recueillir par l'ouverture supérieure 48, non seulement des débris de roche, mais également des carottes permettant l'étude plus complète des terrains.In the variant of Figure 3, there is provided in the hammer 46, a piston 47 which has the distinction of being drilled. This annular piston is crossed by a tubular needle 48 which extends upwards the tube 4. The advantage of this arrangement is to evacuate the sediments 43 along a completely rectilinear path until the final evacuation opening 48. Thanks at this structure, it is therefore possible to collect, through the upper opening 48, not only rock debris, but also cores allowing the more complete study of the grounds.

On a représenté sur les Figures 12, 14, une réali­sation possible du dispositif de tête reliant le tube 4, la chemise 23 et le marteau 1 selon les Figures 1 et 2.There is shown in Figures 12, 14, a possible embodiment of the head device connecting the tube 4, the jacket 23 and the hammer 1 according to Figures 1 and 2.

Claims (9)

1 - Procédé pour la réalisation d'un forage (45) à circulation d'eau à l'aide d'un taillant (13) équipant l'­extrémité inférieure d'un tube de forage (4), caractérisé en ce qu'au sommet du tube (4) on injecte autour de celui-­ci le fluide du forage qui parvient en bas autour du tail­lant (13), après quoi il remonte par le trou central (39) du tube (4).1 - Method for making a borehole (45) with water circulation using a cutter (13) fitted to the lower end of a drill pipe (4), characterized in that at top of the tube (4) is injected around it the drilling fluid which reaches below around the cutter (13), after which it rises through the central hole (39) of the tube (4). 2 - Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caracté­risé en ce qu'on prévoit autour du tube axial (4), une che­mise périphérique (23) dont la base est entraînée par le taillant (13) avec lequel elle demeure dans le trou (45) après la fin du forage.2 - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that there is provided around the axial tube (4), a peripheral jacket (23) whose base is driven by the cutter (13) with which it remains in the hole (45) after the end of drilling. 3 - Dispositif de forage pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un tube de forage (4) dont le sommet (3) reçoit la frappe d'un piston (2), (47) et l'entraînement en rotation du marteau (1), (46) carac­térisé en ce qu'autour du tube (4) dont elle est séparée par un espace libre annulaire (33) est prévue une chemise de tubage (23) dont la partie supérieure est raccordée à une tête d'injection de fluide (40), (41), alors qu'au-des­sus de cette tête d'injection dépasse le tube axial (4) pourvu à cet endroit d'une ouverture (38), (48) pour l'éva­cuation des débris de forage (43) remontés par le fluide en circulation.3 - drilling device for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises a drilling tube (4) whose top (3) receives the strike of a piston (2), (47) and the hammer rotation drive (1), (46) characterized in that around the tube (4) from which it is separated by an annular free space (33) is provided a jacket casing (23) the upper part of which is connected to a fluid injection head (40), (41), while above this injection head projects the axial tube (4) provided at this point with 'An opening (38), (48) for the evacuation of drilling debris (43) raised by the circulating fluid. 4 - Dispositif de forage suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la mise en place des allonges tu­bulaires vissées successives (5) à (9) et (24) à (28) s'ef­fectue par des filetages (10), (11), (15), (17) d'un sens donné pour le tube axial (4) et par des filetages (30), (31) du sens opposé pour la chemise (23), à savoir des filetages à gauche pour l'un et des filetages à droite pour l'autre.4 - Drilling device according to claim 3, characterized in that the establishment of successive screwed tubular extensions (5) to (9) and (24) to (28) is carried out by threads (10), (11 ), (15), (17) in a given direction for the axial tube (4) and by threads (30), (31) in the opposite direction for the jacket (23), namely left-hand threads for the one and right hand threads for the other. 5 - Dispositif de forage suivant le revendication 4 et la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la liaison d'entraînement entre le tube axial (4) et la chemise péri­phérique (23) se situe au fond (42) du forage, dans la zone du taillant (13).5 - A drilling device according to claim 4 and claim 5, characterized in that the drive connection between the axial tube (4) and the peripheral jacket (23) is located at the bottom (42) of the borehole, in the area of the cutter (13). 6 - Dispositif de forage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il suf­fit d'agir au sommet du forage en bloquant la chemise (23) alors qu'on fait tourner le tube (4), pour désolidariser au niveau du filetage 15 en fond de forage, le tube 4 et la chemise 23, si bien qu'on peut remonter le tube axial (4) alors qu'on abandonne en place la chemise (23) pour garnir désormais la paroi intérieure du trou (45).6 - Drilling device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that it suffices to act at the top of the borehole by blocking the jacket (23) while the tube (4) is rotated, to separate at the level of the thread 15 at the bottom of the borehole , the tube 4 and the jacket 23, so that the axial tube (4) can be reassembled while the jacket (23) is left in place to henceforth fill the interior wall of the hole (45). 7 - Dispositif de forage suivant l'une quelcon­que des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le piston (47) est un piston percé que traverse une aiguille tubulaire qui prolonge le tube axial de forage (4), four­nissant ainsi aux débris un trajet rigoureusement rectili­gne du taillant (13) jusqu'à une ouverture d'évacuation (48) qui la surmonte, si bien qu'on peut recueillir au sommet du tube (4) des carottes intactes, remontées par le fluide de forage.7 - A drilling device according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the piston (47) is a pierced piston which passes through a tubular needle which extends the axial drilling tube (4), thus providing the debris a rigorously straight path of the cutter (13) to a discharge opening (48) which overcomes it, so that intact cores can be collected at the top of the tube (4), raised by the drilling fluid. 8 - Dispositif de forage suivant l'une quelcon­que des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la paroi interne de la chemise tubulaire (23) comporte des pions d'écartement (32) qui en dépassent pour prendre ap­pui autour du tube axial (4) afin de définir un espace intermédiaire annulaire (33) rigoureux.8 - Drilling device according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the internal wall of the tubular jacket (23) comprises spacing pins (32) which protrude therefrom to bear around the axial tube ( 4) in order to define a rigorous annular intermediate space (33). 9 - Dispositif de forage suivant l'une quelcon­que des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'élé­ment inférieur (22) de la chemise (23) comporte des canne­lures longitudinales intérieures (21) dans lesquelles sont encastrées à coulissement des cannelures (19) réparties en plus faible nombre autour du corps (18) du taillant (13), ce qui laisse libres pour le fluide des canaux de passage (36) entre les cannelures (21).9 - Drilling device according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the lower element (22) of the jacket (23) has internal longitudinal grooves (21) in which are slidably embedded grooves ( 19) distributed in smaller numbers around the body (18) of the cutter (13), which leaves free for the fluid passage channels (36) between the grooves (21).
EP89420268A 1988-07-28 1989-07-24 Method and drilling machine for examination and exploitation of the subsoil Expired - Lifetime EP0353168B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89420268T ATE95275T1 (en) 1988-07-28 1989-07-24 METHOD AND DRILLING MACHINE FOR INVESTIGATION AND RECYCLING OF EARTH LAYERS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR8810457A FR2634818B1 (en) 1988-07-28 1988-07-28 DRILLING METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE STUDY AND EXPLOITATION OF THE BASEMENT
FR8810457 1988-07-28

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EP0353168A1 true EP0353168A1 (en) 1990-01-31
EP0353168B1 EP0353168B1 (en) 1993-09-29

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EP (1) EP0353168B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE95275T1 (en)
AU (1) AU630618B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8907042A (en)
DE (1) DE68909533T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2045523T3 (en)
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WO (1) WO1990001102A1 (en)

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FR2686648A1 (en) * 1992-01-27 1993-07-30 Cogema DEVICE FOR ROTOPERCUTANT DRILLING WITH REVERSE FLUID CIRCULATION.
WO1997002405A1 (en) * 1995-07-06 1997-01-23 Aba-Sun Pty. Limited Drilling apparatus
CN107448196A (en) * 2017-07-21 2017-12-08 黑龙江省地质调查研究总院 A kind of minimal invasive geologic prospect method
CN115110949A (en) * 2020-04-10 2022-09-27 中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所 Forward and reverse circulation remote control switching joint of continuous sampling drilling system
CN116335531A (en) * 2023-05-30 2023-06-27 山西晋恒源岩土工程有限责任公司 Geotechnical engineering drilling machine

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NL1007551C2 (en) * 1997-11-17 1999-05-18 Groot Nijkerk Maschf B V De Method for extracting and sorting sand.
US6095261A (en) * 1998-07-23 2000-08-01 Baker Hughes Incorporated Drill bit reverse circulation apparatus and method
US7343983B2 (en) * 2004-02-11 2008-03-18 Presssol Ltd. Method and apparatus for isolating and testing zones during reverse circulation drilling
US20050178562A1 (en) * 2004-02-11 2005-08-18 Presssol Ltd. Method and apparatus for isolating and testing zones during reverse circulation drilling
CN105452589B (en) * 2013-05-17 2017-11-10 阿特拉斯·科普柯·塞科洛克有限公司 For hitting the device and system of rock drilling
US20160117945A1 (en) * 2014-10-24 2016-04-28 Ti Training Corp. Use of force training system implementing eye movement tracking
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WO1997002405A1 (en) * 1995-07-06 1997-01-23 Aba-Sun Pty. Limited Drilling apparatus
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CN115110949A (en) * 2020-04-10 2022-09-27 中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所 Forward and reverse circulation remote control switching joint of continuous sampling drilling system
CN116335531A (en) * 2023-05-30 2023-06-27 山西晋恒源岩土工程有限责任公司 Geotechnical engineering drilling machine
CN116335531B (en) * 2023-05-30 2023-08-08 山西晋恒源岩土工程有限责任公司 Geotechnical engineering drilling machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1990001102A1 (en) 1990-02-08
FR2634818B1 (en) 1992-11-06
DE68909533T2 (en) 1994-04-28
FI91013B (en) 1994-01-14
FI901485A0 (en) 1990-03-26
FI91013C (en) 1994-04-25
ATE95275T1 (en) 1993-10-15
DE68909533D1 (en) 1993-11-04
ES2045523T3 (en) 1994-01-16
US5125464A (en) 1992-06-30
AU4043889A (en) 1990-02-19
AU630618B2 (en) 1992-11-05
BR8907042A (en) 1991-01-02
FR2634818A1 (en) 1990-02-02
EP0353168B1 (en) 1993-09-29

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