EP0350434B1 - Forme rollers and method for their construction - Google Patents

Forme rollers and method for their construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0350434B1
EP0350434B1 EP89730149A EP89730149A EP0350434B1 EP 0350434 B1 EP0350434 B1 EP 0350434B1 EP 89730149 A EP89730149 A EP 89730149A EP 89730149 A EP89730149 A EP 89730149A EP 0350434 B1 EP0350434 B1 EP 0350434B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
recesses
gravure
webs
roller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89730149A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0350434A3 (en
EP0350434A2 (en
Inventor
Hans H. Kochsmeier
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Morgan Crucible Co PLC
Original Assignee
Haldenwanger W KG
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Publication date
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Priority to AT89730149T priority Critical patent/ATE81616T1/en
Publication of EP0350434A2 publication Critical patent/EP0350434A2/en
Publication of EP0350434A3 publication Critical patent/EP0350434A3/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N7/00—Shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B41N7/06—Shells for rollers of printing machines for inking rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N2207/00—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B41N2207/02—Top layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N2207/00—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B41N2207/10—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines characterised by inorganic compounds, e.g. pigments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49544—Roller making
    • Y10T29/4956—Fabricating and shaping roller work contacting surface element
    • Y10T29/49563—Fabricating and shaping roller work contacting surface element with coating or casting about a core

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an inking roller in the form of an anilox roller for an offset inking unit or the like printing device according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an apparatus for performing the method.
  • Inking units of the type of interest here can only meet the high demands on the reproducibility of the printing form and the image accuracy on the printing medium with consistent and tonal quality if, with sufficient long-term use, the same thick ink layers for the roller that transfers the ink, i.e. the anilox roller, are ensured at all times .
  • Print application rollers working with a doctor blade usually do not meet all requirements at the same time.
  • Inking units that work with highly viscous printing inks, as is the case with offset printing presses for example, are known to use an immersion roller immersed in an ink fountain, one that is mounted on a cylinder Printing form inking application roller and a transfer roller transferring the ink from the dipping roller to the application roller, the transfer roller being acted upon by the ink receiving recesses and the webs arranged therebetween in a raster arrangement.
  • ink supply or conditioning rollers are assigned to the roller.
  • Anilox rollers are also known for an offset inking unit with cups delimited by bars that can be scraped off, which are made of ceramic material and in which the cups have a hydrophobic lining (DE-OS 37 13 027).
  • This anilox roller which in the known arrangement is designed as a steel roller, interacts with an application roller, to which a fountain solution is supplied in addition to the ink. Since there is also a risk here that the dampening solution required for wetting the printing plate reaches the anilox roller via the applicator roller and adversely affects the adhesion of the ink in the wells and thus the filling of the wells with ink and thus fluctuations in ink quantity and ink density can occur. pays special attention to the hydrophobic lining directed.
  • the optimal material for each individual layer care is taken to choose the optimal material for each individual layer, with aluminum oxide or chromium oxide being found as the hard ceramic coating for particularly advantageous wear-resistant material which is engraved by means of a laser beam.
  • the hydrophobic material layer is applied in the form of a uniformly thin copper layer of 20 ⁇ to 50 ⁇ thickness, so that on the one hand high wear resistance is ensured by the bars made of hard ceramic material and the high affinity of this ceramic material for water in the area of the water, which has a negative effect on the pressure Cups can be avoided through the thin vapor-deposited copper layer.
  • An initially very thinly evaporated copper film with a thickness of 4 to 5 ⁇ can subsequently be galvanically brought to the aforementioned thickness, the copper film then covering the entire grid surface of the inking roller and optionally being sanded down again in the area of the hard ceramic webs on the surface thereof before the roller is used can.
  • the present invention is based on the above-described prior art, the object of which is to design the abrasion-resistant metal and / or ceramic layer applied to the bale surface of the roller cylinder optimally for squeegee operation in a multi-layer roller of the generic type and independently of this, to design the grid of the wells to be measured for the ink application liquid and thus in turn optimally for the requirements of the printing substrate.
  • the device for carrying out this method is characterized by the features of claim 5. Its particular configuration and further development is set out in detail in subclaims 6 to 14.
  • the applicator roller produced by the present method is particularly suitable for applying offset inks in a particularly advantageous manner, but also for other print application media.
  • a combination of a laser-engraved ceramic layer and an etched metal layer can not only be used to find a very economical solution but also to provide a paint application roller that meets the highest quality requirements with an extremely long runtime.
  • the wear-resistant layer can be preselected in accordance with a predefined number of raster with an optimized coordination between the number of ridges and the ridge area or ridge width and doctor blade, regardless of the rasterization of the ink cups, their shape and arrangement, which is optimized for the ink application.
  • hydrophobic metal layer it may also be advantageous not to produce the upper hydrophobic metal layer by chemical etching but mechanically by so-called metting or engraving, but also physically by laser and electron beam engraving. Only the complete filling of the depressions in the ceramic layer With hydrophobic lining material, advantageously up to the height of the ceramic webs, the independence of a second engraving for the production of the color receptacles is possible. Copper is a well-known but also particularly advantageous material for the latter. It can be applied similarly to that of the ceramic layer, for example by means of a plasma torch or also by spraying.
  • the inking roller shown in Figure 1 via a in side view and via b in longitudinal view has the layer arrangement shown in Figure 2 as a section and in cross section. Accordingly, a hard ceramic layer S 1 is applied to the ball surface 2 on the steel core K of the roller cylinder in the exemplary embodiment by means of a plasma torch, dome-shaped depressions N 1 were formed in the outer circumferential surface thereof by means of laser engraving. The depressions N 1 can be seen between them first webs St 1, which define the grid-shaped surface pattern of the ceramic layer S 1. The webs S 1 also specify the wiping surface for the squeegee when the inking roller is loaded with ink.
  • the anilox roller shown can be used advantageously, for example, for direct or indirect inking of a plate cylinder.
  • the "anilox" process for example, is again mentioned in this connection, for which anilox rollers with surfaces are used, but which oil colors have a particular affinity for, on the other hand, are hydrophobic.
  • doctor blades In the known "anilox" offset printing process mentioned, on the other hand, doctor blades must be used, which lead to signs of wear and thus frequent downtime in the production operation.
  • Known materials with wear-resistant but hydrophilic properties show the known irregularities in the ink application, so that the disadvantages mentioned at the outset with an anilox roller are only wear-resistant Ceramic layer and laser engraving cannot be fixed. This advantageously allows only an optimization of the grid pattern and the stripping surface along the ceramic webs for the doctor blade to be specified, but not corresponding conditions for the cavities transmitting the ink application liquid.
  • the engraved layer S 1 is covered with a lining S 2, the thickness of which preferably protrudes beyond the height of the ceramic webs St 1 and the choice of material is made such that it has the desired oil-friendly but water-hostile properties.
  • the layer S2 consists of copper in the exemplary embodiment. After the copper has been introduced by means of methods known per se onto the ceramic layer and thus into the depressions N 1 and has been sufficiently anchored here, the second layer S 2, ie the lining material, is removed until the webs St 1 are exposed. So that a smooth cylindrical surface is given, consisting of the grid-shaped copper fillings within the recesses N1 and the ceramic rows St1 interrupting them approximately in rows or lines.
  • a second engraving which is independent of the first engraving is now introduced into this surface, namely in the form of a multiplicity of cups N 2.
  • the grid number of the grid defined by the cup N2 larger and an integer multiple compared to the grid of the engraving within the wear-resistant layer S1.
  • the rasterization of the first layer S1 with its webs St1 defines only the contact surface with the doctor blade, while the rasterization of the cups N2 and thus the second engraving is used exclusively for measuring the color or metering it.
  • the two engravings on the anilox roller 1 can be produced completely independently of one another, both the rasterization of the first webs St 1 and that of the second webs St 2 can represent an integer multiple or a fractional multiple of one another and vice versa, and can also be repeated periodically with one another or can be aperiodic to one another.
  • the webs can be partially interrupted by the second engraving, which is ultimately insignificant for the wear resistance of the surface of the anilox roller 1 which engages with the doctor blade, since the load-bearing portion of the webs St 1 is thereby only insignificantly reduced.
  • the load-bearing component is generally understood to mean the ratio of the web area to the bale surface.
  • the amount of bearing can be set within wide limits by the type of engraving. A typical range of values is between 25% and less than 2%.
  • Both the wells N1 and the well N2 can in cross section can be chosen arbitrarily what applies to the design of their active surface.
  • the resulting webs St2 between the lining material or the second layer S2, which separate the wells N2 from each other, are advantageously at the same height, that is to say in alignment with the webs St1 of the wear-resistant layer S1, but they can also be set back radially inward relative to this be so that an engagement of the squeegee with the webs St2 is just excluded.
  • the layer S2 is a color-friendly and water-repellent layer, while the layer S1 is a wear-resistant, due to its material, however, water-friendly material layer.
  • the grid numbers for the engravings placed in the individual layers can have a fixed relationship to one another.
  • the engraving angle should be selected in relation to the direction of web travel so that no moiré can occur on the substrate.
  • FIG 3 a detail of an engraving pattern is shown, the recesses N1 being honeycomb-shaped in plan view, while the wells N2 show a circular cross section.
  • the number of grids for the well N2 is greater than the number of grids for the wells N1 in this embodiment.
  • Figure 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment for the predefinition of wells, one of which is shown in cross section here.
  • the wear-resistant layer S 1 is first engraved according to a desired and predeterminable number of rasters Z 1.
  • the engraved layer is then filled with the second layer S2, for example with copper, which is then removed to the extent that the webs St1 are exposed.
  • the copper is worked out of the wells by a subsequent etching engraving to such an extent that the exposed volume of the well corresponds exactly to the target value for the metering of the colored liquid.
  • the thickness of the wear-resistant layer S1 which is indicated in Figure 4 with the reference symbol H3, is greater in this embodiment than the depth of the well to be introduced later into the surface of the anilox roller.
  • the depth of the well shown is indicated by H1, where H1 can be, for example, 50 ⁇ , while H2 can be 25 ⁇ deep.
  • the layer S2 is engraved with etching liquid, which dissolves this layer, but does not attack the layer S1. The etching process is continued until the layer S 2 in the area of the well has dissolved so far that the desired well volume has the predetermined actual value.
  • the depth region of the well has a metallic surface, which has the oil-friendly and water-repellent property that the wall of the well requires is owned. Nevertheless, the wear-resistant webs for the squeegee are retained in full in the desired grid, so that a further advantage is added to the above-described advantages of the embodiment according to Figures 1 to 3.
  • each well is created in that, due to laser engraving, the laser beam not only penetrates the wear-resistant hydrophilic material but also creates the metal base and the spherical shape shown, for example.
  • the lining material of the second layer to be introduced in this case the copper material, gives the metal base of the cup a particularly good adhesion and leads, so to speak, to an integral bond between the two metals.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Farbauftragswalze in Form einer Rasterwalze für ein Offsetfarbwerk oder dergleichen Druckauftragvorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und auf eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to an inking roller in the form of an anilox roller for an offset inking unit or the like printing device according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an apparatus for performing the method.

Farbwerke der hier interessierenden Art können die hohen Anforderungen an die Reproduzierbarkeit der Druckform und die Abbildegenauigkeit auf den Druckträger bei gleichbleibend und tonwertrichtiger Qualität nur erfüllen, wenn bei ausreichender Langzeitanwendung jederzeit gleich dicke Farbschichten für die die Farbflüssigkeit übertragende Walze, hier also die Rasterwalze, sichergestellt sind. Mit einer Rakel zusammenarbeitende Druckauftragswalzen erfüllen alle Anforderungen meist nicht gleichzeitig.Inking units of the type of interest here can only meet the high demands on the reproducibility of the printing form and the image accuracy on the printing medium with consistent and tonal quality if, with sufficient long-term use, the same thick ink layers for the roller that transfers the ink, i.e. the anilox roller, are ensured at all times . Print application rollers working with a doctor blade usually do not meet all requirements at the same time.

Da die für diesen Zweck ausreichend gehärtete Rakel mit ihrer Schneide über die Oberfläche der Rasterwalze gleitet, muß dafür Sorge getragen werden, daß der hierdruch zwangsläufig entstehende Abrieb vernachlässigbar klein bleibt, insbesondere auch dann, wenn die für die Farbaufnahme mit einer Matrix von Näpfchen versehene Oberfläche zwischen den Näpfchen nur sehr schmale Stege und damit ein kleines Steg-Näpfchen-Verhältnis vorgibt.Since the squeegee, which has been sufficiently hardened for this purpose, slides with its cutting edge over the surface of the anilox roller, care must be taken to ensure that the abrasion that is inevitably generated thereby remains negligibly small, especially when the surface provided with a matrix of cups for ink absorption only very narrow webs between the wells and thus a small web-well ratio is specified.

Es ist in diesem Zusammenhang bekannt, auf den dynamisch ausgewuchteten Kern einer solchen Walze bzw. auf deren Ballenfläche eine vorzugsweise harte Keramikschicht aufzubringen und die erforderliche Anzahl und Form der Näpfchen oder Vertiefungen mittels Laserstrahl in eine solche Oberfläche einzugravieren. Diese unter der Bezeichnung "Laserlox" bekannten Walzen erbringen nach Angaben bei üblichem Rakeleinsatz mehr als 200 Mi Laufmeter ohne erkennbaren Verschleiß und damit ohne merkliche Änderung der Volumenaufnahme für die Näpfchen. Als unzulänglich muß hier jedoch angesehen werden, daß das von Haus aus hydrophile Keramikmaterial zu Schwierigkeiten bei der Feuchtmittelübertragung führen kann, so daß der eigentliche Farbaufdruck mitunter verwässert erscheint.In this context, it is known to apply a preferably hard ceramic layer to the dynamically balanced core of such a roller or to the ball surface thereof and to engrave the required number and shape of the wells or depressions into such a surface by means of a laser beam. These rollers, known under the name "Laserlox", produce more than 200 mi running meters with no noticeable wear and thus with no noticeable change in the volume uptake for the wells, according to the information, with conventional doctor blade use. However, it must be regarded as inadequate here that the inherently hydrophilic ceramic material can lead to difficulties in the transfer of dampening solution, so that the actual color print can sometimes appear watered down.

Farbwerke, die mit hochviskosen Druckfarben, wie das beispielsweise bei Offsetdruckmaschinen der Fall ist, arbeiten, bedienen sich bekanntlich einer in einen Farbkasten eintauchenden Tauchwalze, einer die auf einem Zylinder aufgespannte Druckform einfärbenden Auftragswalze und einer die Farbe von der Tauchwalze an die Auftragswalze übertragenden Übertragungswalze, wobei die Übertragungswalze mit den Farbaufnahmevertiefungen und den dazwischen angeordneten Stegen in Rasteranordnung beaufschlagt ist. Um einen gleichmäßig dünnen Farbfilm garantieren zu können, sind der Walze sogenannte Farbvorrats- bzw. Konditionierungswalzen zugeordnet. Zur Bewerkstelligung eines dosierten Übertragens der Farbflüssigkeit ist es üblich, Stellvorrichtungen vorzusehen, die von Fall zu Fall von Hand justiert werden müssen, was nicht nur einen erhöhten baulichen Aufwand sondern darüber hinaus auch eine komplizierte und umständliche Bedienung erforderlich macht.Inking units that work with highly viscous printing inks, as is the case with offset printing presses for example, are known to use an immersion roller immersed in an ink fountain, one that is mounted on a cylinder Printing form inking application roller and a transfer roller transferring the ink from the dipping roller to the application roller, the transfer roller being acted upon by the ink receiving recesses and the webs arranged therebetween in a raster arrangement. In order to be able to guarantee a uniformly thin ink film, so-called ink supply or conditioning rollers are assigned to the roller. To achieve a metered transfer of the color liquid, it is customary to provide adjusting devices which have to be adjusted by hand from case to case, which not only requires increased construction costs but also complicated and cumbersome operation.

Es sind auch Rasterwalzen für ein Offsetfarbwerk mit durch abrakelbare Stege begrenzten Näpfchen bekannt, die aus keramischem Material bestehen, bei denen die Näpfchen eine hydrophobe Auskleidung aufweisen (DE-OS 37 13 027). Diese Rasterwalze, die bei der bekannten Anordnung als Stahlwalze ausgebildet ist, wirkt mit einer Auftragswalze zusammen, der neben der Farbe ein Feuchtmittel zugeführt wird. Da auch hier die Gefahr besteht, daß das zu Benetzung der Druckplatte benötigte Feuchtmittel über die Auftragswalze auf die Rasterwalze gelangt und die Haftung der Farbe in den Näpfchen und damit die Füllung der Näpfchen mit Farbe negativ beeinflußt und somit Schwankungen in Farbmenge und Farbdichte auftreten können, ist auf die hydrophobe Auskleidung besondere Aufmerksamkeit gerichtet. Für den mehrschichtigen Walzenaufbau wird auf optimale Materialwahl für jede einzelne Schicht geachtet, wobei als hartkeramische Beschichtung Aluminiumoxid oder Chromoxid für besonders vorteilhaftes verschleißfestes Material gefunden wurde, das mittels Laserstrahl graviert wird. Nach der Gravur wird die hydrophobe Materialschicht in Form einer gleichmäßig dünnen Kupferschicht von 20µ bis 50µ Stärke aufgebracht, so daß einerseits hohe Verschleißsicherheit durch die Stege aus hartkeramischem Material gewährleistet wird und die sich für den Druck negativ auswirkende hohe Affinität dieses Keramikmaterials zu Wasser im Bereich der Näpfchen durch die dünne aufgedampfte Kupferschicht vermieden werden kann. Ein zunächst nur sehr dünn aufgedampfter Kupferfilm einer Stärke von 4 bis 5 µ kann nachfolgend galvanisch auf die vorgenannte Stärke gebracht werden, wobei der Kupferfilm dann die gesamte Rasteroberfläche der Farbauftragswalze übergreift und wahlweise im Bereich der Hartkeramikstege auf deren Oberfläche vor Einsatz der Walze wieder abgeschliffen werden kann.Anilox rollers are also known for an offset inking unit with cups delimited by bars that can be scraped off, which are made of ceramic material and in which the cups have a hydrophobic lining (DE-OS 37 13 027). This anilox roller, which in the known arrangement is designed as a steel roller, interacts with an application roller, to which a fountain solution is supplied in addition to the ink. Since there is also a risk here that the dampening solution required for wetting the printing plate reaches the anilox roller via the applicator roller and adversely affects the adhesion of the ink in the wells and thus the filling of the wells with ink and thus fluctuations in ink quantity and ink density can occur. pays special attention to the hydrophobic lining directed. For the multi-layer roll structure, care is taken to choose the optimal material for each individual layer, with aluminum oxide or chromium oxide being found as the hard ceramic coating for particularly advantageous wear-resistant material which is engraved by means of a laser beam. After the engraving, the hydrophobic material layer is applied in the form of a uniformly thin copper layer of 20µ to 50µ thickness, so that on the one hand high wear resistance is ensured by the bars made of hard ceramic material and the high affinity of this ceramic material for water in the area of the water, which has a negative effect on the pressure Cups can be avoided through the thin vapor-deposited copper layer. An initially very thinly evaporated copper film with a thickness of 4 to 5 µ can subsequently be galvanically brought to the aforementioned thickness, the copper film then covering the entire grid surface of the inking roller and optionally being sanded down again in the area of the hard ceramic webs on the surface thereof before the roller is used can.

Form und Größe der Rasterung der Keramikschicht bestimmen bei diesen bekannten Farbauftragswalzen zwangsläufig das Volumen der Zumeßnäpfchen, wobei als weiterer Parameter hier die Stegbreite der Gravur in der Keramikoberfläche eingeht.With these known inking rollers, the shape and size of the grid of the ceramic layer inevitably determine the volume of the measuring cups, the width of the engravings in the ceramic surface being a further parameter here.

Schließlich soll in diesem Zusammenhang auch noch Erwähnung finden, daß derartige Mehrschichtwalzen auch in der Form bekannt sind, daß die äußere Oxidschicht radial zur Walzenachse im Bereich der Näpfchen annähernd überall die gleiche Dicke aufweist, wobei allerdings als Trägermaterial vorzugsweise Aluminium in Frage kommt und als hydrophober Überzug Aluminiumoxid. Die Vertiefungen der Prägungen in der Oberfläche der Rasterwalze kennzeichnen sich also entlang ihrer Bodenfläche wie auch im Bereich der Stege zwischen den Näpfchen durch höhere Oxidschichten als entlang der schrägen Näpfchenwandungen, wobei auch hier die Auskleidungsschicht im galvanischen Oxidationsbad hergestellt wird (DE-OS 36 15 141).Finally, it should also be mentioned in this connection that such multi-layer rollers are also known in the form that the outer oxide layer radially to the roller axis in the area of the cups has almost the same thickness everywhere, although aluminum is preferred as the carrier material and hydrophobic Alumina coating. The depressions of the embossments in the surface of the anilox roller are thus characterized along their bottom surface and in the area of the webs between the cells by higher oxide layers than along the oblique cell walls, the lining layer being produced here in a galvanic oxidation bath (DE-OS 36 15 141 ).

Die vorliegende Erfindung geht von dem vorstehend beschriebenen Stand der Technik aus, wobei ihr die Aufgabe zugrunde liegt, bei einer Mehrschichtwalze der gattungsgemäßen Art die auf die Ballenfläche des Walzenzylinders aufgetragene abriebfeste Metall- und/oder Keramikschicht in ihrer Rasterung optimal für den Rakelbetrieb zu gestalten und unabhängig hiervon die Rasterung der die Farbauftragsflüssigkeit zu messenden Näpfchen zu gestalten und damit wiederum optimal für die Erfordernisse der Druckunterlage.The present invention is based on the above-described prior art, the object of which is to design the abrasion-resistant metal and / or ceramic layer applied to the bale surface of the roller cylinder optimally for squeegee operation in a multi-layer roller of the generic type and independently of this, to design the grid of the wells to be measured for the ink application liquid and thus in turn optimally for the requirements of the printing substrate.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß für das vorliegende Verfahren durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale erreicht.This object is achieved for the present method by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen dieses Verfahrens ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 4.Advantageous refinements of this method result from subclaims 2 to 4.

Die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens kennzeichnet sich durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 5. Deren besondere Ausgestaltung und Weiterbildung ist in den Unteransprüchen 6 bis 14 im einzelnen dargelegt.The device for carrying out this method is characterized by the features of claim 5. Its particular configuration and further development is set out in detail in subclaims 6 to 14.

Die nach dem vorliegenden Verfahren hergestellte Auftragswalze ist in besonders vorteilhafter Weise zum Auftragen von Offsetfarben jedoch auch für andere Druckauftragmedien bestens geeignet. In überraschender Weise wurde gefunden, daß für Mehrschichtrasterwalzen der hier angesprochenen Art durch Kombination einer lasergravierten Keramikschicht und einer geätzten Metallschicht eine nicht nur sehr wirtschaftliche Lösung gefunden werden kann sondern darüber hinaus auch noch eine Farbauftragswalze vorgebbar ist, die höchsten Qualitätsanforderungen bei extrem langer Laufzeit genügt. Die verschleißfeste Schicht kann entsprechend einer vorgegebenen Rasterzahl bei optimierter Abstimmung zwischen Steganzahl und Stegfläche bzw. Stegbreite sowie Rakel vorgewählt werden unabhängig von der für den Farbauftrag optimierten Rasterung der Farbnäpfchen, ihrer Formgebung und Anordnung. In Einzelfällen kann es auch vorteilhaft sein, die obere hydrophobe Metallschicht nicht durch chemische Ätzgravur sondern mechanisch durch sogenanntes Moletieren oder Sticheln aber auch physikalisch durch Laserstrahl- und Elektronenstrahlgravur herzustellen. Erst die vollständige Füllung der Vertiefungen in der Keramikschicht mit hydrophobem Auskleidungsmaterial, vorteilhaft bis über die Höhe der Keramikstege hinaus, ermöglicht die Unabhängigkeit einer zweiten Gravur zur Herstellung der Farbaufnahmenäpfchen. Kupfer ist für letztere ein bekanntes aber auch besonders vorteilhaftes Material. Seine Aufbringung kann ähnlich derjenigen der Keramikschicht beispielsweise mittels Plasmabrenner oder auch im Spritzverfahren erfolgen.The applicator roller produced by the present method is particularly suitable for applying offset inks in a particularly advantageous manner, but also for other print application media. Surprisingly, it was found that for multilayer anilox rollers of the type mentioned here, a combination of a laser-engraved ceramic layer and an etched metal layer can not only be used to find a very economical solution but also to provide a paint application roller that meets the highest quality requirements with an extremely long runtime. The wear-resistant layer can be preselected in accordance with a predefined number of raster with an optimized coordination between the number of ridges and the ridge area or ridge width and doctor blade, regardless of the rasterization of the ink cups, their shape and arrangement, which is optimized for the ink application. In individual cases, it may also be advantageous not to produce the upper hydrophobic metal layer by chemical etching but mechanically by so-called metting or engraving, but also physically by laser and electron beam engraving. Only the complete filling of the depressions in the ceramic layer With hydrophobic lining material, advantageously up to the height of the ceramic webs, the independence of a second engraving for the production of the color receptacles is possible. Copper is a well-known but also particularly advantageous material for the latter. It can be applied similarly to that of the ceramic layer, for example by means of a plasma torch or also by spraying.

Anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen soll die Erfindung sowie weitere Vorteile, die sich daraus ergeben, in beispielsweisen Ausführungsformen näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:

  • Bild 1 eine schematisch vereinfachte Drauf- und Seitenansicht einer Farbauftragswalze,
  • Bild 2 den Mehrschichtaufbau der Oberflächenbeschichtungen der Walze nach Bild 1,
  • Bild 3 ein mögliches Gravurmuster für die Vertiefungen in der Keramikschicht einerseits und die Näpfchen in der Auskleidungsschicht andererseits,
  • Bild 4 einen Querschnitt durch ein Näpfchen für eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform, und
  • Bild 5 wie Bild 4, jedoch mit H₁ größer als Keramikschichtdicke.
The invention and further advantages resulting therefrom are to be explained in more detail in exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
  • Figure 1 is a schematically simplified top and side view of an inking roller,
  • Figure 2 shows the multi-layer structure of the surface coatings of the roller according to Figure 1,
  • Figure 3 a possible engraving pattern for the depressions in the ceramic layer on the one hand and the wells in the lining layer on the other hand,
  • 4 shows a cross section through a cup for a further advantageous embodiment, and
  • Figure 5 as Figure 4, but with H₁ greater than the ceramic layer thickness.

Die über a in Seitenansicht und über b in Längsansicht gezeigte Farbauftragswalze von Bild 1 besitzt die in Bild 2 als Ausschnitt und im Querschnitt dargestellte Schichtanordnung. Demnach ist auf den Stahlkern K des Walzenzylinders im Ausführungsbeispiel mittels Plasmabrenner eine Hartkeramikschicht S₁ auf die Ballenfläche 2 aufgebracht, in deren äußere Umfangsfläche kalottenförmige Vertiefungen N₁ mittels Lasergravur eingeformt wurden. Die Vertiefungen N₁ lassen zwischen sich erste Stege St₁ erkennen, die das rasterförmige Oberflächenmuster der Keramikschicht S₁ definieren. Die Stege S₁ geben darüber hinaus die Abstreichfläche für die Rakel vor, wenn die Farbauftragswalze mit Farbflüssigkeit beaufschlagt ist. Die dargestellte Rasterwalze läßt sich beispielsweise vorteilhaft zum direkten oder indirekten Einfärben eines Plattenzylinders benutzen. Unter den verschiedenen Offsetverfahren soll in diesem Zusammenhang wiederum beispielsweise das "Anilox"-Verfahren Erwähnung finden, für das Rasterwalzen mit Oberflächen zum Einsatz gelangen, die Ölfarben gegenüber eine besondere Affinität aufweisen andererseits jedoch hydrophob sind. Bei dem genannten bekannten "Anilox"-Offsetdruckverfahren müssen andererseits Rakel verwendet werden, die zu Verschleißerscheinungen und damit häufigem Stillstand im Produktionsbetrieb führen. Bekannte Materialien mit verschleißfesten aber hydrophilen Eigenschaften zeigen die an sich bekannten Unregelmäßigkeiten im Farbauftrag, so daß die eingangs genannten Nachteile mit einer Rasterwalze einer ausschließlich verschleißfesten Keramikschicht und Lasergravur nicht behoben werden können. Hiermit läßt sich vorteilhaft nur eine Optimierung des Rastermusters und der Abstreiffläche entlang der Keramikstege für die Rakel vorgeben, nicht jedoch entsprechende Bedingungen für die die Farbauftragsflüssigkeit übertragenden Hohlräume.The inking roller shown in Figure 1 via a in side view and via b in longitudinal view has the layer arrangement shown in Figure 2 as a section and in cross section. Accordingly, a hard ceramic layer S 1 is applied to the ball surface 2 on the steel core K of the roller cylinder in the exemplary embodiment by means of a plasma torch, dome-shaped depressions N 1 were formed in the outer circumferential surface thereof by means of laser engraving. The depressions N 1 can be seen between them first webs St 1, which define the grid-shaped surface pattern of the ceramic layer S 1. The webs S 1 also specify the wiping surface for the squeegee when the inking roller is loaded with ink. The anilox roller shown can be used advantageously, for example, for direct or indirect inking of a plate cylinder. Among the various offset processes, the "anilox" process, for example, is again mentioned in this connection, for which anilox rollers with surfaces are used, but which oil colors have a particular affinity for, on the other hand, are hydrophobic. In the known "anilox" offset printing process mentioned, on the other hand, doctor blades must be used, which lead to signs of wear and thus frequent downtime in the production operation. Known materials with wear-resistant but hydrophilic properties show the known irregularities in the ink application, so that the disadvantages mentioned at the outset with an anilox roller are only wear-resistant Ceramic layer and laser engraving cannot be fixed. This advantageously allows only an optimization of the grid pattern and the stripping surface along the ceramic webs for the doctor blade to be specified, but not corresponding conditions for the cavities transmitting the ink application liquid.

Erfindungsgemäß wird daher in einem weiteren Arbeitsgang die gravierte Schicht S₁ mit einer Auskleidung S₂ belegt, die in ihrer Dicke vorzugsweise über die Höhe der Keramikstege St₁ hinausragt und die in ihrer Materialwahl so getroffen wird, daß sie über die gewünschten ölfreundlichen aber wasserfeindlichen Eigenschaften verfügt. Die Schicht S₂ besteht im Ausführungsbeispiel aus Kupfer. Nachdem das Kupfer mittels an sich bekannter Verfahrensweisen auf die Keramikschicht und damit in die Vertiefungen N₁ eingebracht und hier ausreichend fest verankert worden ist, wird die zweite Schicht S₂, d.h. das Auskleidungsmaterial, soweit abgetragen, bis die Stege St₁ freigelegt sind. Damit ist eine glatte zylindrische Oberfläche vorgegeben, bestehend aus den rasterförmigen Kupferfüllungen innerhalb der Vertiefungen N₁ und den diese etwa reihen-/ oder zeilenweise unterbrechenden Keramikstegen St₁. Damit die Farbauftragswalze die Offsetdruckfarbe aufnehmen kann, wird nunmehr in diese Oberfläche eine weitere von der ersten Gravur unabhängige zweite Gravur eingebracht, nämlich in Form einer Vielzahl von Näpfchen N₂. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Rasterzahl der durch die Näpfchen N₂ definierten Rasterung größer und ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches gegenüber der Rasterung der Gravur innerhalb der verschleißfesten Schicht S₁. Auf diese Weise definiert die Rasterung der ersten Schicht S₁ mit ihren Stege St₁ ausschließlich die Kontaktoberfläche zu der Rakel, während die Rasterung der Näpfchen N₂ und damit die zweite Gravur ausschließlich der Farbzumessung bzw. deren Dosierung dient.According to the invention, therefore, in a further operation, the engraved layer S 1 is covered with a lining S 2, the thickness of which preferably protrudes beyond the height of the ceramic webs St 1 and the choice of material is made such that it has the desired oil-friendly but water-hostile properties. The layer S₂ consists of copper in the exemplary embodiment. After the copper has been introduced by means of methods known per se onto the ceramic layer and thus into the depressions N 1 and has been sufficiently anchored here, the second layer S 2, ie the lining material, is removed until the webs St 1 are exposed. So that a smooth cylindrical surface is given, consisting of the grid-shaped copper fillings within the recesses N₁ and the ceramic rows St₁ interrupting them approximately in rows or lines. So that the inking roller can take up the offset printing ink, a second engraving which is independent of the first engraving is now introduced into this surface, namely in the form of a multiplicity of cups N 2. In the present Embodiment is the grid number of the grid defined by the cup N₂ larger and an integer multiple compared to the grid of the engraving within the wear-resistant layer S₁. In this way, the rasterization of the first layer S₁ with its webs St₁ defines only the contact surface with the doctor blade, while the rasterization of the cups N₂ and thus the second engraving is used exclusively for measuring the color or metering it.

Die beiden Gravuren auf der Rasterwalze 1 können vollständig unabhängig voneinander hergestellt werden, wobei sowohl die Rasterung der ersten Stege St₁ als auch diejenige der zweiten Stege St₂ ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches oder ein gebrochenes Vielfaches voneinander darstellen können und umgekehrt, als auch sich periodisch untereinander wiederholen können bzw. aperiodisch zueinander sein können. Bei der einen Gravur können beispielsweise die Stege durch die zweite Gravur teilweise unterbrochen werden, was letztlich für die Verschleißfestigkeit der mit der Rakel in Eingriff gelangenden Oberfläche der Rasterwalze 1 unbedeutend ist, da der tragende Anteil der Stege St₁ hierdurch nur unbedeutend verringert wird. Unter dem Traganteil versteht man hier allgemein das Verhältnis aus Stegfläche und Ballenoberfläche. Der Traganteil kann durch die Gravurart in weiten Grenzen eingestellt werden. Ein typischer Wertbereich liegt zwischen 25 % bis kleiner 2 %. Sowohl die Vertiefungen N₁ als auch die Näpfchen N₂ können im Querschnitt beliebig gewählt werden, was für die Gestaltung ihrer aktiven Oberfläche gilt.The two engravings on the anilox roller 1 can be produced completely independently of one another, both the rasterization of the first webs St 1 and that of the second webs St 2 can represent an integer multiple or a fractional multiple of one another and vice versa, and can also be repeated periodically with one another or can be aperiodic to one another. In one engraving, for example, the webs can be partially interrupted by the second engraving, which is ultimately insignificant for the wear resistance of the surface of the anilox roller 1 which engages with the doctor blade, since the load-bearing portion of the webs St 1 is thereby only insignificantly reduced. The load-bearing component is generally understood to mean the ratio of the web area to the bale surface. The amount of bearing can be set within wide limits by the type of engraving. A typical range of values is between 25% and less than 2%. Both the wells N₁ and the well N₂ can in cross section can be chosen arbitrarily what applies to the design of their active surface.

Die zwischen dem Auskleidungsmaterial bzw. der zweiten Schicht S₂ entstehenden Stege St₂, die die Näpfchen N₂ voneinander trennen, befinden sich vorteilhaft in gleicher Höhe, also fluchtend zu den Stegen St₁ der verschleißfesten Schicht S₁, sie können jedoch gegenüber dieser auch leicht radial nach innen zurückgesetzt sein, so daß eine Eingriffnahme der Rakel mit den Stegen St₂ gerade ausgeschlossen wird.The resulting webs St₂ between the lining material or the second layer S₂, which separate the wells N₂ from each other, are advantageously at the same height, that is to say in alignment with the webs St₁ of the wear-resistant layer S₁, but they can also be set back radially inward relative to this be so that an engagement of the squeegee with the webs St₂ is just excluded.

In jedem Fall ist die Schicht S₂ eine farbfreundliche und wasserabstoßende Schicht, während die Schicht S₁ eine verschleißfeste, durch ihr Material bedingt jedoch wasserfreundliche Materialschicht ist. Die Rasterzahlen für die in die einzelnen Schichten eingebrachten Gravuren können in einem festen Verhältnis zueinander stehen. Der Gravurwinkel soll bezogen auf die Bahnlaufrichtung so gewählt werden, daß kein Moiré auf dem Bedruckstoff entstehen kann.In any case, the layer S₂ is a color-friendly and water-repellent layer, while the layer S₁ is a wear-resistant, due to its material, however, water-friendly material layer. The grid numbers for the engravings placed in the individual layers can have a fixed relationship to one another. The engraving angle should be selected in relation to the direction of web travel so that no moiré can occur on the substrate.

In Bild 3 ist ausschnittsweise ein Gravurmuster dargestellt, wobei die Vertiefungen N₁ in Draufsicht wabenförmig ausgebildet sind, während die Näpfchen N₂ einen kreisrunden Querschnitt zeigen. Die Rasterzahl für die Näpfchen N₂ ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel größer als die Rasterzahl für die Vertiefungen N₁.In Figure 3, a detail of an engraving pattern is shown, the recesses N₁ being honeycomb-shaped in plan view, while the wells N₂ show a circular cross section. The number of grids for the well N₂ is greater than the number of grids for the wells N₁ in this embodiment.

Bild 4 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für die Vorgabe von Näpfchen, wobei hier ein solches im Querschnitt gezeigt ist. Auch für die Herstellung dieses Näpfchens wird zunächst die verschleißfeste Schicht S₁ entsprechend einer gewünschten und vorgebbaren Rasterzahl Z₁ graviert. Die gravierte Schicht wird dann anschließend mit der zweiten Schicht S₂ beispielsweise mit Kupfer ausgefüllt, das dann soweit abgetragen wird, daß die Stege St₁ freigelegt sind. Durch eine nachfolgende Ätzgravur wird das Kupfer aus den Näpfchen soweit herausgearbeitet, daß das freigelegte Volumen derselben genau dem Sollwert für die Zumessung der Farbflüssigkeit entspricht.Figure 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment for the predefinition of wells, one of which is shown in cross section here. Also for the manufacture of this cup, the wear-resistant layer S 1 is first engraved according to a desired and predeterminable number of rasters Z 1. The engraved layer is then filled with the second layer S₂, for example with copper, which is then removed to the extent that the webs St₁ are exposed. The copper is worked out of the wells by a subsequent etching engraving to such an extent that the exposed volume of the well corresponds exactly to the target value for the metering of the colored liquid.

Die Dicke der verschleißfesten Schicht S₁, die in Bild 4 mit dem Bezugszeichen H₃ angegeben ist, ist in dieser Ausführungsform größer als die Tiefe des später in die Oberfläche der Rasterwalze einzubringenden Näpfchens. Die Tiefe des dargestellten Näpfchens wird mit H₁ angegeben, wobei H₁ beispielsweise 50 µ betragen kann, während H₂ 25 µ tief sein kann. Die Schicht S₂ wird mit Ätzflüssigkeit graviert, welche diese Schicht auflöst, die Schicht S₁ jedoch nicht angreift. Der Ätzvorgang wird solange fortgesetzt, bis die Schicht S₂ im Bereich des Näpfchens soweit aufgelöst ist, daß das gewünschte Näpfchenvolumen den vorgegebenen Istwert besitzt. Mit anderen Worten, der Tiefenbereich des Näpfchens weist eine metallische Oberfläche auf, welche die ölfreundliche und wasserabweisende Eigenschaft, die von der Wandung des Näpfchens verlangt wird, besitzt. Dennoch bleiben für die Rakel die verschleißfesten Stege in vollem Umfange in der jeweils gewünschten Rasterung erhalten, so daß hier ein weiterer Vorteil zu den vorbeschriebenen Vorteilen der Ausführungsform nach Bild 1 bis Bild 3 hinzukommt.The thickness of the wear-resistant layer S₁, which is indicated in Figure 4 with the reference symbol H₃, is greater in this embodiment than the depth of the well to be introduced later into the surface of the anilox roller. The depth of the well shown is indicated by H₁, where H₁ can be, for example, 50 µ, while H₂ can be 25 µ deep. The layer S₂ is engraved with etching liquid, which dissolves this layer, but does not attack the layer S₁. The etching process is continued until the layer S 2 in the area of the well has dissolved so far that the desired well volume has the predetermined actual value. In other words, the depth region of the well has a metallic surface, which has the oil-friendly and water-repellent property that the wall of the well requires is owned. Nevertheless, the wear-resistant webs for the squeegee are retained in full in the desired grid, so that a further advantage is added to the above-described advantages of the embodiment according to Figures 1 to 3.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Bild 5 entsteht jedes Näpfchen dadurch, daß aufgrund einer Lasergravur der Laserstrahl nicht nur das verschleißfeste hydrophile Material durchstößt sondern auch den Metalluntergrund und die beispielsweise dargestellte Kalottenform entstehen läßt. Das Auskleidungsmaterial der einzubringenden zweiten Schicht, hier also des Kupfermaterials, gibt mit dem metallischen Grund des Näpfchens eine besonders gute Haftung und führt gewissermaßen zu einem integralen Verbund zwischen den beiden Metallen.In the exemplary embodiment according to Figure 5, each well is created in that, due to laser engraving, the laser beam not only penetrates the wear-resistant hydrophilic material but also creates the metal base and the spherical shape shown, for example. The lining material of the second layer to be introduced, in this case the copper material, gives the metal base of the cup a particularly good adhesion and leads, so to speak, to an integral bond between the two metals.

Des weiteren ist es möglich, mit der erfindungsgemäßen Auftragswalze Feuchtmittel in einem Druck- oder Feuchtwerk zu dosieren. Hierbei werden die Schicht- und Gravurparameter gegenüber einer Farbauftragswalze so geändert, daß sich ein ausreichend gleichmäßiger Feuchtmittelfilm auf der Druckplatte bzw. dem Substrat ausbilden kann.Furthermore, it is possible to meter dampening solution in a printing or dampening unit with the application roller according to the invention. Here, the layer and engraving parameters are changed compared to an inking roller so that a sufficiently uniform dampening solution film can form on the printing plate or the substrate.

Claims (14)

1: Process for the manufacture of a colour forme roller in the form of a raster roller for an offset colour mechanism or similar print application device, in which during the coating process a blade glides above the surface of the raster setting webs, comprising a dynamically balanced roller cylinder with a ground metal and/or hard ceramic layer applied to its surface, into the rub-off resistant surfaces of which the aforementioned webs are engraved between released recesses by means of a laser beam, and a hydrophobic lining which at least partially covers the walls of the recesses, characterised in that the recesses are extensively completely filled with hydrophobic lining material, that this material is then taken down until the webs are bared, and in that into the lining material of the filled recesses is worked a further plurality of bowls which are independent in their arrangement and structure and receive application liquid for the printing process.
2: Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the bowls are entered into the hydrophobic material by way of an etching process, whilst setting a second surface raster.
3: Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the rub-off resistant hydrophilic material and/or the softer hydrophobic material is applied to the roller cylinder by means of a plasma torch or in a spraying process.
4: Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the gravure of the bowls is applied into the lining material by means of any conventional gravure process.
5: Colour forme roller, comprising a dynamically balanced roller cylinder (K), on its bale surface (2) a ceramic layer (S₁) having a plurality of recesses (N₁) in a surface raster arrangement forming first webs (ST₁) thereinbetween, a second layer (S₂) of hydrophobic material which fills the recesses, and a second raster arrangement of bowls (N₂) in the second layer (S₂) which receives the apportioned colour application liquid.
6: Device according to claim 5, characterised in that the hydrophobic lining material of the recesses (N₁) is copper.
7: Device according to claim 5, characterised in that the rastering of the hydrophobic bowls is an integer plurality of the rastering of the hydrophilic recesses (N₁).
8: Device according to claim 7, characterised in that the gravure which sets the recesses (N₁) is a coarse gravure, and the gravure setting the bowls (N₂) is a fine gravure.
9: Device according to claim 7 and 8, characterised in that the raster numbers of the coarse and the fine gravure are at a non-periodic ratio to each other.
10̸: Device according to at least one of claims 5 to 9, characterised in that the gravure angles relative to the direction of path movement are chosen so that there is no moiré on the print base.
11: Device according to claim 5 characterised in that the metal and/or ceramic layers (S₁, S₂) of the respective selective material are applied optimally matched by way of a specially selected conventional method.
12: Device according to at least one of claims 5 to 11, characterised in that the first or second layer (S₁, S₂) has an non-gravured random surface.
13: Device according to claim 5, characterised in that the first and second webs (St₁ and St₂) are in their radical extend of the same height or are at least longitudinally placed on an identical peripheral surface.
14: Device according to claim 5, characterised that the depth of the bowls (N₂) is greater than the thickness of the wear-resistant hydrophilic layer (S₁).
EP89730149A 1988-07-05 1989-06-22 Forme rollers and method for their construction Expired - Lifetime EP0350434B1 (en)

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DE3822692 1988-07-05
DE3822692A DE3822692C2 (en) 1988-07-05 1988-07-05 Anilox roller in an order work of a printing press
DE3903372 1989-02-04
DE3903372A DE3903372C2 (en) 1988-07-05 1989-02-04 Process for producing an inking roller

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Publication number Publication date
ES2035634T3 (en) 1993-04-16
DE58902494D1 (en) 1992-11-26
DE3822692A1 (en) 1990-01-11
JPH0286496A (en) 1990-03-27
GR3006822T3 (en) 1993-06-30
EP0350434A3 (en) 1990-03-21
EP0350434A2 (en) 1990-01-10
US4993320A (en) 1991-02-19
DE3822692C2 (en) 1996-02-15
CA1314172C (en) 1993-03-09
DE3903372C2 (en) 2001-07-12
DE3903372A1 (en) 1990-08-30

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