EP0348882B1 - Method and apparatus for making samples for controlling the quality of water soluble paints - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for making samples for controlling the quality of water soluble paints Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0348882B1
EP0348882B1 EP89111658A EP89111658A EP0348882B1 EP 0348882 B1 EP0348882 B1 EP 0348882B1 EP 89111658 A EP89111658 A EP 89111658A EP 89111658 A EP89111658 A EP 89111658A EP 0348882 B1 EP0348882 B1 EP 0348882B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
infrared radiation
time
drying
air
lacquer
Prior art date
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EP89111658A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0348882A2 (en
EP0348882A3 (en
Inventor
Michael Höffer
Dieter Dr. Stranghöner
Banerjee Nitaidas
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Axalta Coating Systems Germany GmbH and Co KG
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Herberts GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
    • F26B3/283—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun in combination with convection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
    • F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the quality inspection of water-soluble paints and a device for carrying out this method, namely a heatable drying cabinet or the like with a control device for monitoring manipulated variables.
  • Water-soluble or water-dilutable paints are increasingly being used as environmentally friendly air and oven-drying paint systems. These varnishes must have good film-forming properties, form a well-running, perfectly hardening layer on the respective workpiece and, depending on the intended use, be resistant to weather, mechanical or chemical influences in the dry state.
  • drying is achieved by simply evaporating the paint solvent, i.e. by physical means, and if necessary additionally by chemical drying, the lacquers hardening through the formation of cross-linked macromolecules.
  • the drying temperatures generally used are from 120 ° C to 180 ° C.
  • the heat is supplied convectively or by radiation.
  • convection ovens are used on the one hand and infrared emitter ovens on the other.
  • a first step the basecoat is pre-dried Solvent water is evaporated. This evaporation is faster with radiation dryers than with convection drying. Therefore, electrically heated infrared radiation ovens are used for this process. The solvents and other cleavage products escaping from the paint during predrying must be removed by weakly but sufficiently flushing the oven with fresh air. After drying with infrared radiation, the forced air drying is carried out in the second step.
  • US-A-2 391 195 describes an open continuous drying plant for industrial production. It consists of a continuous tunnel with infrared emitter device and a device for a heated circulating operation as well as control devices for monitoring the manipulated variable and a device for controlling the device.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for producing a test piece for the quality inspection, in particular of water-soluble paints, in which standardized conditions can be maintained, and an apparatus for carrying out the method, in particular taking into account that the apparatus is compact and for example, can be accommodated in a laboratory room.
  • the process for producing a test piece for the quality inspection of water-soluble paints consists of two fundamentally different process steps.
  • fresh air is first supplied to a workpiece provided with paint in a closed room and at the same time heated with infrared radiation for a preselected period of time.
  • the solvent i.e. the water in the paint to be tested.
  • the amount of fresh air supplied per unit of time and the temperature of the workpiece heated with infrared radiation are preselected and can be adapted to the respective requirements.
  • the second process step is initiated. It is heated with circulating air, but there is no longer any heating with infrared. Circulated air volume per unit of time and the circulating air temperature are preselected.
  • the ambient air temperature is selected so that a desired object temperature in the range from 50 ° C to 90 ° C is established. The conditions are met for a second preselected period.
  • the process steps with their general conditions can be selected so that they correspond to those in body painting on an industrial scale.
  • a heatable drying cabinet is provided for carrying out the method.
  • the drying cabinet consists of a cuboid outer housing which has adjustable feet or the like on its underside. Furthermore, an inner housing is provided, which is mounted in such a way that a space remains between the outer and the inner housing on at least five surfaces.
  • a door is provided on one surface of the drying oven, preferably on its front side.
  • the door can be designed as a double door for inner and outer housings, so that a corresponding space remains between the door leaves as between the walls of the housing, or it can be designed in one piece.
  • a seal is expediently provided at least between the door and the outer housing, and an additional seal can also be attached to the inner housing.
  • a device for supplying fresh air is provided on the outer housing, preferably on the rear side thereof.
  • the fresh air is heated and reaches the interior of the drying cabinet through openings in the inner housing. From the interior, the exhaust air is led out of the drying cabinet by an appropriate device.
  • a device for operation with heated circulating air is provided on the drying cabinet.
  • the inlet opening for the fresh air can be provided with a filter device, so that only dust-free air can get into the interior.
  • the device for supplying fresh air and the device for recirculating air operation can also form an aggregate.
  • infrared heater in the drying cabinet.
  • This can consist of infrared radiators in the medium-wave range, which are attached to the inner wall of the drying cabinet, or of heating plates mounted thereon, or of a combined arrangement.
  • the infrared emitter device is designed as an infrared cassette
  • the infrared radiator device can be installed more preferably as a convertible and interchangeable module. This embodiment makes it possible, on the one hand, to position the infrared radiator device at various points in the interior, for example on a side wall or on the base area, and on the other hand, modules with different radiation power can also be used, depending on the requirements.
  • the inner wall of the drying cabinet can be made of reflective material in order to achieve an optimal radiation output.
  • Fastening elements can be provided in the drying cabinet, which enable the infrared radiator device to be attached at a multiplicity of positions within the drying cabinet.
  • the fastening elements preferably consist of strips arranged on the side walls, onto which the infrared emitter device is pushed. This type of fastening elements is advantageous if the infrared radiator device is designed as a cassette. The cassette can then be used at different distances from the floor surface or the ceiling surface of the drying cabinet and thus enlarge or reduce the space to be heated.
  • pairs of strips are also arranged on the ceiling and floor surfaces of the interior, between which the cassette can be pushed, so that irradiation from the sides is also possible.
  • both fastening elements for the horizontal and for the vertical insertion of the infrared emitter device are provided in the drying cabinet.
  • the infrared radiator device can also be designed as a module with a pivoting device for setting any orientation in the drying room.
  • the workpiece to which the lacquer to be tested has been applied can either be placed on the floor of the drying cabinet or can be hung on a suitable device. It has also proven to be advantageous if the workpiece is placed on a grid floor that can be variably positioned in the drying cabinet. For this purpose, support elements are provided on the side walls of the interior, for example. Since the infrared emitter device itself can be positioned very variably, good irradiation of the workpiece is guaranteed in any case.
  • the infrared radiator device can be supplied with electrical current via suitable plug contacts and feeders.
  • a fixed electrical connection is provided in the infrared radiator device with swiveling device.
  • the drying cabinet has a control device for monitoring the manipulated variables.
  • the manipulated variables here are the quantity of fresh air, the quantity of circulating air, the circulating air temperature and the operating times for the individual devices.
  • the control device comprises regulators, by means of which the manipulated variables can be determined, as well as corresponding sensors for the manipulated variables and display devices for their respective values.
  • a sensor and an indicator for the temperature of the workpiece are provided.
  • the method for quality testing of water-soluble paints can be carried out efficiently. As this is a one-chamber process and therefore no transport of the test sheets has to be carried out, defined conditions can be met. The reproducibility of the drying conditions, which is the focus of a quality inspection, is save. Due to the compact design of the device, the method can be carried out in the laboratory without difficulty.
  • the item number (1) designates the outer housing, which insulates the drying cabinet from the surroundings with a suitable material.
  • an area (2) is provided which accommodates the control device for the manipulated variables and the display devices.
  • the cabinet stands on adjustable feet (3), which can be used to compensate for any unevenness in the floor and which also allow the cabinet to be set up largely free of vibrations.
  • the item numbers (4) denote the inner housing, the inner wall of which is made of reflective material.
  • An intermediate space (5) is provided between the inner housing (4) and the outer housing (1).
  • On the rear wall of the outer housing there is a device for supplying fresh air (6) and a device for circulating air operation (9), both of which are shown in FIG. 2.
  • Fresh air cleaned by means of a dust filter (27) connected upstream of the device (6) is heated and led together with the circulating air into the intermediate space (5), specifically through the opening (11).
  • a fan (7) working in front of the opening (25) in the intermediate space (5) ensures an intimate mixing of fresh air and recirculated air and promotes the air mixture to the openings (11).
  • the interior (12) is vented through an exhaust air device (8) provided either on the top of the housing or on the back of the housing.
  • an infrared radiator device (10) can be pushed between pairs of strips (13, 13a) in such a way that it is arranged parallel to the side walls of the inner housing (4).
  • a hook (14) or the like is provided on the ceiling of the inner housing (4) for hanging the workpiece (15).
  • the workpiece (15) is introduced through a door (16).
  • FIG 3 shows a front view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the device for supplying fresh air, the device for recirculation mode and the exhaust air device are not shown.
  • the interior of the drying cabinet is accessible through a door (16). This is shown here pivoting to the side, but such embodiments are also possible in which the door can be pivoted upwards or downwards or in which the door is designed in combination with a trolley which can be pushed into the interior of the drying cabinet.
  • the infrared emitter device (10) is a cassette which is pushed onto strips (17) and emits downwards.
  • the workpiece will either be on the bottom of the drying cabinet, or else on a higher positioned grid floor (24), for example as shown in FIG. 4.
  • an infrared radiator device (10) is shown, which can be brought into a position (10 ') pivotally and optionally rotatably. All orientations of the infrared radiator device lying between these two positions are also conceivable. It is the same possible to provide a roller track on the inner ceiling, so that the infrared heater device swung down can optionally be moved to the opposite wall. The roller track is not shown in Fig. 4.
  • the area (2) comprises the control device for the manipulated variables (18) and display devices for the ambient air temperature (19), for the temperature of the workpiece (20), a status display (21) for the fresh air device, a display (22), the indicates the operation of the infrared radiator device, and a display (23) which indicates the operation of the circulating air device.
  • the preselectable values for the two process steps are entered with the aid of the control device for the manipulated variables (18).
  • the first preselected time period for the simultaneous operation of infrared heating and fresh air is preferably in a range of up to 2 minutes.
  • the amount of fresh air is selected so that there is an air movement of approximately 0.3 m / s.
  • the circulating air temperature is preferably specified in the range of 80 ° C, the value is displayed at (19).
  • An air movement of 5 to 7 m / s is controlled for the second process step.
  • the circulating air temperature can now be selected in the range between 80 ° C and 100 ° C.
  • An internal control device handles the processing of the preselected values and the control, in particular of the heating devices.
  • the infrared radiator device and fresh air device are operated simultaneously, namely the fresh air device runs with a preselected amount of fresh air.
  • the infrared emitter device is switched off and the circulating air device is operated with the new, already preselected value.
  • the second process step is carried out for the second preselected time period, which is at least 5 minutes.
  • control device switches off all devices of the drying cabinet that are still in operation.
  • the workpiece can now be removed.
  • the pre-dried basecoat can then be overcoated with clearcoat after cooling.
  • the method according to the invention with the device according to the invention thus provides an efficient, fast and inexpensive possibility for the quality inspection of water-soluble paints.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren für die Qualitätsprüfung wasserlöslicher Lacke und eine Vorrichtung, um dieses Verfahren durchzuführen, nämlich einen heizbaren Trockenschrank oder dergleichen mit einer Kontrolleinrichtung zum überwachen von Stellgrößen.The invention relates to a method for the quality inspection of water-soluble paints and a device for carrying out this method, namely a heatable drying cabinet or the like with a control device for monitoring manipulated variables.

Als umweltfreundliche Luft- und ofentrocknende Lacksysteme werden immer häufiger wasserlösliche bzw. wasserverdünnbare Lacke verwendet. Diese Lacke müssen gute filmbildende Eigenschaften aufweisen, auf dem jeweiligen Werkstück eine gut verlaufende, einwandfrei durchhärtende Schicht bilden und im trockenen Zustand je nach Verwendungszweck gegen Witterungseinflüsse, mechanische oder chemische Einflüsse beständig sein.Water-soluble or water-dilutable paints are increasingly being used as environmentally friendly air and oven-drying paint systems. These varnishes must have good film-forming properties, form a well-running, perfectly hardening layer on the respective workpiece and, depending on the intended use, be resistant to weather, mechanical or chemical influences in the dry state.

In der Praxis erfolgt das Lacktrocknen in Lacktrocknungsöfen mit Wärmeeinwirkung. Die Qualität eines Lackes kann daher nur im Zusammenhang mit dem jeweiligen Trocknungsverfahren gesehen werden.In practice, paint drying takes place in paint drying ovens with the effect of heat. The quality of a lacquer can therefore only be seen in connection with the respective drying process.

Je nach der Lackart erreicht man die Trocknung durch einfaches Abdunsten der Lacklösungsmittel, d.h. auf physikalischem Wege, und ggfs. zusätzlich durch chemische Trocknung, wobei die Lacke durch das Entstehen vernetzter Makromoleküle erhärten. Die im allgemeinen angewendeten Trockentemperaturen liegen bei 120°C bis 180°C.Depending on the type of paint, drying is achieved by simply evaporating the paint solvent, i.e. by physical means, and if necessary additionally by chemical drying, the lacquers hardening through the formation of cross-linked macromolecules. The drying temperatures generally used are from 120 ° C to 180 ° C.

Die Wärme wird dabei konvektiv oder durch Strahlung zugeführt. Zumeist werden Umluftöfen einerseits und Infrarot-Strahleröfen andererseits verwendet.The heat is supplied convectively or by radiation. For the most part, convection ovens are used on the one hand and infrared emitter ovens on the other.

Bei der Karosserielackierung, also in dem Bereich, in dem wasserlösliche Lacke in Zukunft vermehrt eingesetzt werden sollen, werden nach dem Auftrag des Basislackes zwei Trockenschritte nacheinander vollzogen. In einem ersten Schritt wird der Basislack vorgetrocknet, wobei das Lösemittel Wasser verdunstet wird. Dieses Verdunsten geht bei Strahlungstrocknern schneller vor sich als bei Konvektionstrocknung. Daher werden für diesen Vorgang elektrisch beheizte Infrarot-Strahlungsöfen eingesetzt. Dabei müssen die bei der Vortrocknung aus dem Lack entweichenden Lösemittel und sonstigen Spaltprodukte durch schwaches, aber ausreichendes Durchspülen des Ofens mit Frischluft abgeführt werden. Nach dem Antrocknen mittels Infrarot-Strahlung wird sofort im zweiten Schritt die Umlufttrocknung durchgeführt.In body painting, i.e. in the area in which water-soluble paints are to be used more in the future, two drying steps are carried out in succession after the application of the basecoat. In a first step, the basecoat is pre-dried Solvent water is evaporated. This evaporation is faster with radiation dryers than with convection drying. Therefore, electrically heated infrared radiation ovens are used for this process. The solvents and other cleavage products escaping from the paint during predrying must be removed by weakly but sufficiently flushing the oven with fresh air. After drying with infrared radiation, the forced air drying is carried out in the second step.

Da im Interesse einer rationellen Fertigung Durchlauftrockenöfen bevorzugt werden, werden die beiden Schritte in verschiedenen hintereinandergeschalteten Trockenzonen vorgenommen.Since continuous drying ovens are preferred in the interest of efficient production, the two steps are carried out in different drying zones connected in series.

Die US-A-2 391 195 beschreibt eine offene Durchlauftrocknungsanlage für die industrielle Produktion. Sie besteht aus einem Durchlauftunnel mit Infrarotstrahlervorrichtung und einer Vorrichtung für einen beheizten Umlaufbetrieb sowie Kontrolleinrichtungen zum überwachen der Stellgröße und einer Einrichtung zum Steuern der Vorrichtung.US-A-2 391 195 describes an open continuous drying plant for industrial production. It consists of a continuous tunnel with infrared emitter device and a device for a heated circulating operation as well as control devices for monitoring the manipulated variable and a device for controlling the device.

Für die Qualitätsprüfung wasserlöslicher Lacke ist dieses Zwei-Schritt-Verfahren mit Trocknungsvorgängen, die in verschiedenen Trockenzonen vorgenommen werden, ungünstig. Ein großer Nachteil ist darin zu sehen, daß eine Durchlauf-Trockenanlage der oben beschriebenen Art viel Raum beansprucht und auch dann nur schwer in einem Laboratorium installiert werden kann, wenn die Qualität des Lackes nur mit kleinen Werkstücken getestet werden soll. Eine weniger aufwendige Vorrichtung, bei der zwei voneinander getrennte öfen verwendet werden, hat den Nachteil, daß beim Transport des Werkstücks von einem Ofen zum anderen die Gefahr besteht, daß sich Verunreinigungen auf der noch nicht ausgehärteten Lackschicht ablagern. Weiterhin werden durch den Transport nicht definierte Randbedingungen geschaffen, die bei einer Qualitätsprüfung unerwünscht sind. So kann zum Beispiel die Transportdauer unterschiedlich sein, oder es treten Effekte durch die Umgebungstemperatur auf. Bei wasserlöslichen Lacken ergibt sich zusätzlich das Problem des Einflusses der Luftfeuchtigkeit.This two-step process with drying processes that are carried out in different drying zones is unfavorable for the quality inspection of water-soluble paints. A major disadvantage is that a continuous drying system of the type described above takes up a lot of space and is difficult to install in a laboratory even if the quality of the paint is to be tested only with small workpieces. A less expensive device, in which two separate furnaces are used, has the disadvantage that when the workpiece is transported from one furnace to another there is a risk that contaminants will deposit on the not yet hardened paint layer. Furthermore, the transport creates undefined boundary conditions that are undesirable in a quality inspection. For example, the duration of transportation may vary, or there may be effects from the ambient temperature. With water-soluble paints, there is also the problem of the influence of air humidity.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Probestücks für die Qualitätsprüfung insbesondere wasserlöslicher Lacke anzugeben, bei dem standardisierte Bedingungen eingehalten werden können, sowie eine Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens, wobei insbesondere berücksichtigt werden soll, daß die Vorrichtung kompakt ist und beispielsweise in einem Laborraum untergebracht werden kann.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for producing a test piece for the quality inspection, in particular of water-soluble paints, in which standardized conditions can be maintained, and an apparatus for carrying out the method, in particular taking into account that the apparatus is compact and for example, can be accommodated in a laboratory room.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch das in den Patentansprüchen 1 und 2 beschriebene Verfahren sowie die im Patentanspruch 5 beschriebene Vorrichtung gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the method described in claims 1 and 2 and the device described in claim 5.

Das Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Probestücks für die Qualitätsprüfung wasserlöslicher Lacke besteht aus zwei grundsätzlich unterschiedlichen Verfahrensschritten. Im ersten Schritt wird einem mit Lack versehenen Werkstück in einem abgeschlossenen Raum zuerst Frischluft zugeführt und gleichzeitig mit Infrarot-Strahlung für eine vorgewählte Zeitdauer geheizt. Während dieses Verfahrensschrittes wird hauptsächlich das Lösemittel, also das Wasser im zu prüfenden Lack, verdampft. Die zugeführte Frischluftmenge pro Zeiteinheit und die Temperatur des mit Infrarot-Strahlung geheizten Werkstückes sind vorgewählt und können den jeweiligen Erfordernissen angepaßt werden.The process for producing a test piece for the quality inspection of water-soluble paints consists of two fundamentally different process steps. In the first step, fresh air is first supplied to a workpiece provided with paint in a closed room and at the same time heated with infrared radiation for a preselected period of time. During this process step, mainly the solvent, i.e. the water in the paint to be tested, is evaporated. The amount of fresh air supplied per unit of time and the temperature of the workpiece heated with infrared radiation are preselected and can be adapted to the respective requirements.

Nach einer vorgewählten Zeitdauer wird der zweite Verfahrensschritt eingeleitet. Es wird mit Umluft geheizt, jedoch findet keine Heizung mit Infrarot mehr statt. Umluftmenge pro Zeiteinheit sowie die Umlufttemperatur sind vorgewählt. In diesem zweiten Verfahrensschritt wird die Umlufttemperatur so gewählt, daß sich eine gewünschte Objekttemperatur im Bereich von 50°C bis 90°C einstellt. Die Bedingungen werden für eine zweite vorgewählte Zeitdauer eingehalten.After a preselected period of time, the second process step is initiated. It is heated with circulating air, but there is no longer any heating with infrared. Circulated air volume per unit of time and the circulating air temperature are preselected. In this second process step, the ambient air temperature is selected so that a desired object temperature in the range from 50 ° C to 90 ° C is established. The conditions are met for a second preselected period.

Die Verfahrensschritte mit ihren Rahmenbedingungen können so gewählt werden, daß sie denen bei der Karosserielackung im industriellen Maßstab entsprechen.The process steps with their general conditions can be selected so that they correspond to those in body painting on an industrial scale.

Zum Durchführen des Verfahrens ist ein heizbarer Trockenschrank vorgesehen.A heatable drying cabinet is provided for carrying out the method.

Der Trockenschrank besteht aus einem quaderförmigen äußeren Gehäuse, das an seiner Unterseite Stellfüße oder ähnliches aufweist. Ferner ist ein inneres Gehäuse vorgesehen, das so angebracht ist, daß zwischen dem äußeren und dem inneren Gehäuse an mindestens fünf Flächen ein Zwischenraum verbleibt.The drying cabinet consists of a cuboid outer housing which has adjustable feet or the like on its underside. Furthermore, an inner housing is provided, which is mounted in such a way that a space remains between the outer and the inner housing on at least five surfaces.

An einer Fläche des Trockenofens, bevorzugt an seiner Vorderseite, ist eine Tür vorgesehen. Die Tür kann als Doppeltür für Innen-und Außengehäuse ausgebildet sein, so daß zwischen den Türblättern ein entsprechender Zwischenraum wie zwischen den Wänden des Gehäuses verbleibt, oder sie kann einteilig ausgebildet sein. Zweckmäßig ist mindestens zwischen Tür und Außengehäuse eine Dichtung vorgesehen, eine zusätzliche Dichtung kann auch am Innengehäuse angebracht sein.A door is provided on one surface of the drying oven, preferably on its front side. The door can be designed as a double door for inner and outer housings, so that a corresponding space remains between the door leaves as between the walls of the housing, or it can be designed in one piece. A seal is expediently provided at least between the door and the outer housing, and an additional seal can also be attached to the inner housing.

Am äußeren Gehäuse, bevorzugt an dessen Rückseite ist eine Vorrichtung zum Zuführen von Frischluft vorgesehen. Die Frischluft wird beheizt und gelangt durch Öffnungen im inneren Gehäuse in den Innenraum des Trockenschranks. Vom Innenraum her wird die Abluft durch eine entsprechende Vorrichtung aus dem Trockenschrank herausgeführt. Weiterhin ist am Trockenschrank eine Vorrichtung für den Betrieb mit beheizter Umluft vorgesehen.A device for supplying fresh air is provided on the outer housing, preferably on the rear side thereof. The fresh air is heated and reaches the interior of the drying cabinet through openings in the inner housing. From the interior, the exhaust air is led out of the drying cabinet by an appropriate device. Furthermore, a device for operation with heated circulating air is provided on the drying cabinet.

Die Einlaßöffnung für die Frischluft kann mit einer Filtervorrichtung versehen sein, so daß nur möglichst staubfreie Luft in den Innenraum gelangen kann. Die Vorrichtung zum Zuführen von Frischluft und die Vorrichtung für den Umluftbetrieb können auch ein Aggregat bilden.The inlet opening for the fresh air can be provided with a filter device, so that only dust-free air can get into the interior. The device for supplying fresh air and the device for recirculating air operation can also form an aggregate.

Im Trockenschrank befindet sich weiterhin eine Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung. Diese kann aus Infrarotstrahlern im Mittelwellenbereich bestehen, die an der Innenwand des Trockenschranks angebracht sind oder aus daran montierten Heizplatten oder aus einer kombinierten Anordnung.There is also an infrared heater in the drying cabinet. This can consist of infrared radiators in the medium-wave range, which are attached to the inner wall of the drying cabinet, or of heating plates mounted thereon, or of a combined arrangement.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung als Infrarot-Kassette ausgebildet, wobei die Infrarot strahler-Vorrichtung weiter bevorzugt als umstellbares und auswechselbares Modul eingebaut werden kann. Diese Ausführungsform ermöglicht es einerseits, die Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung an verschiedenen Stellen im Innenraum zu positionieren, beispielsweise an einer Seitenwand oder an der Grundfläche, andererseits können auch je nach Erfordernissen Module mit unterschiedlicher Strahlungsleistung verwendet werden.In a preferred embodiment, the infrared emitter device is designed as an infrared cassette, the infrared radiator device can be installed more preferably as a convertible and interchangeable module. This embodiment makes it possible, on the one hand, to position the infrared radiator device at various points in the interior, for example on a side wall or on the base area, and on the other hand, modules with different radiation power can also be used, depending on the requirements.

Um eine optimale Ausbeute der Strahlungsleistung zu erzielen, kann die Innenwand des Trockenschranks aus reflektierendem Material bestehen.The inner wall of the drying cabinet can be made of reflective material in order to achieve an optimal radiation output.

Im Trockenschrank können Befestigungselemente vorgesehen sein, die es ermöglichen, die Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung an einer Vielzahl von Positionen innerhalb des Trockenschranks anzubringen. Bevorzugt bestehen die Befestigungselemente aus an den Seitenwänden angeordneten Leisten, auf die die Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung geschoben wird. Diese Art der Befestigungselemente ist dann von Vorteil, wenn die Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung als Kassette ausgebildet ist. Die Kassette kann dann in unterschiedlichen Abständen von der Bodenfläche oder der Deckenfläche des Trockenschranks eingesetzt werden und so den zu beheizenden Raum vergrößern oder verkleinern.Fastening elements can be provided in the drying cabinet, which enable the infrared radiator device to be attached at a multiplicity of positions within the drying cabinet. The fastening elements preferably consist of strips arranged on the side walls, onto which the infrared emitter device is pushed. This type of fastening elements is advantageous if the infrared radiator device is designed as a cassette. The cassette can then be used at different distances from the floor surface or the ceiling surface of the drying cabinet and thus enlarge or reduce the space to be heated.

In einer weiter bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind auch an Decken- und Bodenfläche des Innenraums Leistenpaare angeordnet, zwischen die die Kassette geschoben werden kann, so daß auch eine Bestrahlung von den Seiten her möglich ist.In a further preferred embodiment, pairs of strips are also arranged on the ceiling and floor surfaces of the interior, between which the cassette can be pushed, so that irradiation from the sides is also possible.

Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, daß im Trockenschrank sowohl Befestigungselemente für das waagerechte als auch für das senkrechte Einsetzen der Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung vorgesehen sind.Of course, it is also possible that both fastening elements for the horizontal and for the vertical insertion of the infrared emitter device are provided in the drying cabinet.

Die Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung kann auch als Modul mit Schwenkeinrichtung zum Einstellen einer beliebigen Orientierung im Trockenraum ausgebildet sein.The infrared radiator device can also be designed as a module with a pivoting device for setting any orientation in the drying room.

Das Werkstück, auf das der zu prüfende Lack aufgebracht worden ist, kann entweder auf den Boden des Trockenschranks gelegt werden oder auch an einer entsprechenden Vorrichtung aufgehängt werden. Es hat sich auch als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn das Werkstück auf einen Gitterboden gelegt wird, der variabel im Trockenschrank positioniert werden kann. Dazu sind beispielsweise an den Seitenwänden des Innenraums Auflageelemente vorgesehen. Da die Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung selbst sehr variabel positioniert werden kann, wird eine gute Bestrahlung des Werkstücks auf jeden Fall gewährleistet.The workpiece to which the lacquer to be tested has been applied can either be placed on the floor of the drying cabinet or can be hung on a suitable device. It has also proven to be advantageous if the workpiece is placed on a grid floor that can be variably positioned in the drying cabinet. For this purpose, support elements are provided on the side walls of the interior, for example. Since the infrared emitter device itself can be positioned very variably, good irradiation of the workpiece is guaranteed in any case.

Die Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung kann über geeignete Steckkontakte und Zuführungen mit elektrischem Strom versorgt werden. Bei der Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung mit Schwenkeinrichtung ist eine feste elektrische Verbindung vorgesehen.The infrared radiator device can be supplied with electrical current via suitable plug contacts and feeders. A fixed electrical connection is provided in the infrared radiator device with swiveling device.

Der Trockenschrank weist eine Kontrolleinrichtung zum überwachen der Stellgrößen auf. Stellgrößen sind hier Frischluftmenge, Umluftmenge, Umlufttemperatur und die Betriebszeiten für die einzelnen Vorrichtungen. Die Kontrollvorrichtung umfaßt Regler, mittels derer die Stellgrößen festgelegt werden können, sowie entsprechende Fühler für die Stellgrößen und Anzeigevorrichtungen für deren jeweiligen Wert. Außerdem ist ein Fühler und eine Anzeigevorrichtung für die Temperatur des Werkstücks vorgesehen.The drying cabinet has a control device for monitoring the manipulated variables. The manipulated variables here are the quantity of fresh air, the quantity of circulating air, the circulating air temperature and the operating times for the individual devices. The control device comprises regulators, by means of which the manipulated variables can be determined, as well as corresponding sensors for the manipulated variables and display devices for their respective values. In addition, a sensor and an indicator for the temperature of the workpiece are provided.

Für das durchzuführende Verfahren hat es sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, die Innenmaße des Trockenschranks so auszulegen, daß zwei Werkstücke bzw. Prüfbleche darin Platz finden.For the process to be carried out, it has proven to be expedient to design the internal dimensions of the drying cabinet in such a way that two workpieces or test sheets can be accommodated therein.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kann das Verfahren zur Qualitätsprüfung wasserlöslicher Lacke effizient durchgeführt werden. Da es sich hierbei um ein Einkammerverfahren handelt und somit kein Transport der Prüfbleche vorgenommen werden muß, können definierte Bedingungen eingehalten werden. Die Reproduzierbarkeit der Trockenbedingungen, die bei einer Qualitätsprüfung im Vordergrund steht, ist gesichert. Durch die kompakte Bauweise der Vorrichtung kann das Verfahren ohne Schwierigkeiten im Labor durchgeführt werden.With the device according to the invention, the method for quality testing of water-soluble paints can be carried out efficiently. As this is a one-chamber process and therefore no transport of the test sheets has to be carried out, defined conditions can be met. The reproducibility of the drying conditions, which is the focus of a quality inspection, is save. Due to the compact design of the device, the method can be carried out in the laboratory without difficulty.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von beispielshaften Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 eine Ansicht im Längsschnitt der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit senkrecht installierter Infrarot-Kassette und einem im Innenraum aufgehängten Werkstück,
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt längs der Linie A-A aus Fig. 1, wobei aber das Werkstück nicht dargestellt ist,
  • Fig. 3 die Frontansicht einer anderen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit waagerecht angebrachter Infrarot-Kassette,
  • Fig. 4 die Frontansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit schwenkbarer Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung sowie einem eingelegten Gitterboden.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. It shows
  • 1 is a view in longitudinal section of the device according to the invention with a vertically installed infrared cassette and a workpiece suspended in the interior,
  • 2 shows a section along the line AA from FIG. 1, but the workpiece is not shown,
  • 3 shows the front view of another embodiment of the device according to the invention with a horizontally mounted infrared cassette,
  • Fig. 4 shows the front view of a further embodiment of the device according to the invention with pivotable infrared radiator device and an inserted grid floor.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Mit der Positionsziffer (1) wird das äußere Gehäuse bezeichnet, das durch ein geeignetes Material den Trockenschrank wärmemäßig von der Umgebung isoliert. Daneben ist ein Bereich (2) vorgesehen, der die Kontrollvorrichtung für die Stellgrößen sowie die Anzeigevorrichtungen aufnimmt. Der Schrank steht auf Stellfüssen (3), mit denen gegebenenfalls Bodenunebenheiten ausgeglichen werden können und die auch ein weitgehend erschütterungsfreies Aufstellen des Schranks ermöglichen. Die Positionsziffern (4) bezeichnet das innere Gehäuse, dessen Innenwand aus reflektierendem Material besteht. Zwischen innerem Gehäuse (4) und äußerem Gehäuse (1) ist ein Zwischenraum (5) vorgesehen. An der Rückwand des äußeren Gehäuses befindet sich eine Vorrichtung zum Zuführen von Frischluft (6) sowie eine Vorrichtung für den Umluftbetrieb (9), beide sind in Fig. 2 dargestellt. Die mittels eines der Vorrichtung (6) vorgeschalteten Staubfilters (27) gereinigte Frischluft wird beheizt und zusammen mit der Umluft in den Zwischenraum (5) geführt, und zwar durch die öffnung (11). Ein vor der Öffnung (25) im Zwischenraum (5) arbeitender Ventilator (7) sorgt für eine innige Vermischung von Frischluft und Umluft und fördert das Luftgemisch zu den Öffnungen (11). Der Innenraum (12) wird durch eine entweder and der Gehäuseoberseite oder an der Gehäuserückseite vorgesehene Abluftvorrichtung (8) entlüftet. Im Innenraum (12) des Trockenschranks kann eine Infrafortstrahler-Vorrichtung (10) so zwischen Leistenpaare (13,13a) geschoben werden, daß sie parallel zu den Seitenwänden des inneren Gehäuses (4) angeordnet ist. Eine solche Anordnung kann dann günstig sein, wenn das Werkstück aufgehängt ist, so daß die Infrarotstrahlen senkrecht auf die Oberfläche des Werkstücks auftreffen. Zum Aufhängen des Werkstücks (15) ist an der Decke des inneren Gehäuses (4) ein Haken (14) oder dergleichen vorgesehen. Das Werkstück (15) wird durch eine Tür (16) eingebracht.1 shows a longitudinal section of the device according to the invention. The item number (1) designates the outer housing, which insulates the drying cabinet from the surroundings with a suitable material. In addition, an area (2) is provided which accommodates the control device for the manipulated variables and the display devices. The cabinet stands on adjustable feet (3), which can be used to compensate for any unevenness in the floor and which also allow the cabinet to be set up largely free of vibrations. The item numbers (4) denote the inner housing, the inner wall of which is made of reflective material. An intermediate space (5) is provided between the inner housing (4) and the outer housing (1). On the rear wall of the outer housing there is a device for supplying fresh air (6) and a device for circulating air operation (9), both of which are shown in FIG. 2. The Fresh air cleaned by means of a dust filter (27) connected upstream of the device (6) is heated and led together with the circulating air into the intermediate space (5), specifically through the opening (11). A fan (7) working in front of the opening (25) in the intermediate space (5) ensures an intimate mixing of fresh air and recirculated air and promotes the air mixture to the openings (11). The interior (12) is vented through an exhaust air device (8) provided either on the top of the housing or on the back of the housing. In the interior (12) of the drying cabinet, an infrared radiator device (10) can be pushed between pairs of strips (13, 13a) in such a way that it is arranged parallel to the side walls of the inner housing (4). Such an arrangement can be favorable when the workpiece is suspended so that the infrared rays strike the surface of the workpiece perpendicularly. A hook (14) or the like is provided on the ceiling of the inner housing (4) for hanging the workpiece (15). The workpiece (15) is introduced through a door (16).

Die Fig. 3 zeigt eine Frontansicht einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Die Vorrichtung zum Zuführen von Frischluft, die Vorrichtung für Umluftbetrieb sowie die Abluft-Vorrichtung sind nicht dargestellt.3 shows a front view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention. The device for supplying fresh air, the device for recirculation mode and the exhaust air device are not shown.

Der Innenraum des Trockenschranks ist durch eine Tür (16) zugänglich. Diese ist hier zur Seite schwenkbar dargestellt, es sind aber auch solche Ausführungsformen möglich, bei denen die Tür nach oben oder unten schwenkbar ist oder bei denen die Tür in Kombination mit einem Wagen ausgebildet ist, der in den Innenraum des Trockenschranks geschoben werden kann.The interior of the drying cabinet is accessible through a door (16). This is shown here pivoting to the side, but such embodiments are also possible in which the door can be pivoted upwards or downwards or in which the door is designed in combination with a trolley which can be pushed into the interior of the drying cabinet.

In der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist die Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung (10) eine Kassette, die auf Leisten (17) geschoben ist und nach unten abstrahlt. Bei dieser Anordnung wird sich das Werkstück entweder auf dem Boden des Trockenschranks befinden, oder aber auch auf einem höher positionierten Gitterboden (24), zum Beispiel wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt. In dieser Figur ist eine Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung (10) dargestellt, die in eine Position (10′) schwenk- und gegebenenfalls drehbar zu bringen ist. Auch sämtliche zwischen diese beiden Positionen liegenden Orientierungen der Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung sind denkbar. Ebenso ist es möglich, eine Rollschiene an der Innendecke vorzusehen, so daß die nach unten abgeschwenkte Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung wahlweise auch an die gegenüberliegende Wand gefahren werden kann. Die Rollschiene ist in Fig. 4 nicht dargestellt.In the embodiment shown, the infrared emitter device (10) is a cassette which is pushed onto strips (17) and emits downwards. In this arrangement, the workpiece will either be on the bottom of the drying cabinet, or else on a higher positioned grid floor (24), for example as shown in FIG. 4. In this figure, an infrared radiator device (10) is shown, which can be brought into a position (10 ') pivotally and optionally rotatably. All orientations of the infrared radiator device lying between these two positions are also conceivable. It is the same possible to provide a roller track on the inner ceiling, so that the infrared heater device swung down can optionally be moved to the opposite wall. The roller track is not shown in Fig. 4.

Der Bereich (2) umfaßt die Kontrollvorrichtung für die Stellgrößen (18) sowie Anzeigevorrichtungen für die Umlufttemperatur (19), für die Temperatur des Werkstücks (20), eine Statusanzeige (21) für die Frischluft-Vorrichtung, eine Anzeige (22), die den Betrieb der Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung anzeigt, sowie eine Anzeige (23), die den Betrieb der Umluft-Vorrichtung anzeigt.The area (2) comprises the control device for the manipulated variables (18) and display devices for the ambient air temperature (19), for the temperature of the workpiece (20), a status display (21) for the fresh air device, a display (22), the indicates the operation of the infrared radiator device, and a display (23) which indicates the operation of the circulating air device.

Mit Hilfe der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird das Verfahren zur Qualitätsprüfung wasserlöslicher Lacke wie im folgenden beschrieben durchgeführt.With the aid of the device according to the invention, the method for quality testing of water-soluble paints is carried out as described below.

Mit Hilfe der Kontrollvorrichtung für die Stellgrößen (18) werden die vorwählbaren Werte für die zwei Verfahrensschritte eingegeben. Die erste vorgewählte Zeitdauer für den gleichzeitigen Betrieb von Infrarotheizung und Frischluft liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich bis 2 Minuten. Die Frischluftmenge wird so gewählt, daß sich eine Luftbewegung von ungefähr 0,3 m/s ergibt. Die Umlufttemperatur wird vorzugsweise im Bereich von 80°C vorgegeben, der Wert wird bei (19) angezeigt. Für den zweiten Verfahrensschritt wird eine Luftbewegung von 5 bis 7 m/s angesteuert. Die Umlufttemperatur kann jetzt im Bereich zwischen 80°C und 100°C vorgewählt werden.The preselectable values for the two process steps are entered with the aid of the control device for the manipulated variables (18). The first preselected time period for the simultaneous operation of infrared heating and fresh air is preferably in a range of up to 2 minutes. The amount of fresh air is selected so that there is an air movement of approximately 0.3 m / s. The circulating air temperature is preferably specified in the range of 80 ° C, the value is displayed at (19). An air movement of 5 to 7 m / s is controlled for the second process step. The circulating air temperature can now be selected in the range between 80 ° C and 100 ° C.

Nachdem alle diese Werte vorgewählt sind, wird das Verfahren gestartet.After all these values have been preselected, the process is started.

Eine interne Steuervorrichtung übernimmt die Verarbeitung der vorgewählten Werte und die Steuerung insbesondere der Heizvorrichtungen. Für die erste vorgegebene Zeitdauer werden Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung und Frischluft-Vorrichtung gleichzeitig betrieben, und zwar läuft die Frischluft-Vorrichtung mit einer vorgewählten Frischluftmenge. Nach Ablauf der ersten vorgewählten Zeitdauer wird die Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung abgeschaltet und die Umluft-Vorrichtung mit dem neuen bereits vorgewählten Wert betrieben. Der zweite Verfahrensschritt wird für die zweite vorgewählte Zeitdauer durchgeführt, die mindestens 5 Minuten beträgt.An internal control device handles the processing of the preselected values and the control, in particular of the heating devices. For the first predetermined period of time, the infrared radiator device and fresh air device are operated simultaneously, namely the fresh air device runs with a preselected amount of fresh air. After the first preselected period of time has elapsed, the infrared emitter device is switched off and the circulating air device is operated with the new, already preselected value. The second process step is carried out for the second preselected time period, which is at least 5 minutes.

Der Betrieb der Infrarotstrahler-Vorrichtung bzw. der Frischluft-Vorrichtung wird bei (22) und (21) angezeigt.The operation of the infrared radiator device or the fresh air device is indicated at (22) and (21).

Nach Ablauf der zweiten vorgewählten Zeitdauer schaltet die Steuervorrichtung sämtliche sich noch in Betrieb befindliche Vorrichtungen des Trockenschranks aus. Das Werkstück kann nun entnommen werden. Der so vorgetrocknete Basislack kann dann nach Abkühlung mit Klarlack überlackiert werden.After the second preselected period of time has elapsed, the control device switches off all devices of the drying cabinet that are still in operation. The workpiece can now be removed. The pre-dried basecoat can then be overcoated with clearcoat after cooling.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung liefert also eine effiziente, schnelle und kostengünstige Möglichkeit zur Qualitätsprüfung wasserlöslicher Lacke.The method according to the invention with the device according to the invention thus provides an efficient, fast and inexpensive possibility for the quality inspection of water-soluble paints.

Claims (13)

1. A method of making a test-piece for testing the quality of water-soluble lacquers, the lacquer being applied in the form of a layer to the surface of the test-piece when wet, the wet layer of lacquer then being pre-dried in a closed space by heating, first with infrared radiation and with preheated fresh air for a first preset period of time, and the thus pre-dried layer of lacquer being additionally dried in a stream of heated recirculated air alone for a second preset period of time.
2. A method of making a test-piece for testing the quality of water-soluble lacquers, the lacquer being applied in the form of a layer to the surface of the test-piece when wet, the wet layer of lacquer then being pre-dried in a closed space by heating, first with infrared radiation and with preheated fresh air for a first preset period of time, and the thus pre-dried layer of lacquer being additionally dried for a second preset period of time in a stream of heated recirculated air mixed with fresh air.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that during the first period of time a heated amount of fresh air is supplied per unit time, and during the second period of time a heated amount of recirculated air is supplied per unit time and at a fixed temperature.
4. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that pre-drying and additional drying are brought about in succession and in a time of not more than 30 seconds.
5. A heatable drying oven for working the method according to any of claims 1 to 4, comprising a closed chamber for holding test-pieces and containing an infrared radiation device, a device for recirculating reheated air, a device for supplying heated fresh air, a checking means for monitoring the regulated quantities and a means for controlling the devices.
6. A device according to claim 5, characterised in that the device (9) for recirculating air is designed for at least two-stage operation.
7. A device according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the infrared radiation device (10) is in the form of a cartridge.
8. A device according to any of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the infrared radiation device (10) is in the form of an interchangeable detachable module.
9. A device according to any of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the infrared radiation device (10) is in the form of a module with a pivoting means for setting any desired orientation.
10. A device according to any of claims 5 to 8, characterised in that securing (13,13a;17) elements are provided in the drying oven for optional horizontal or vertical installation of the infrared radiation device (10).
11. A device according to claim 10, characterised in that the securing elements are strips (17) on facing walls, and the infrared radiation device (10) can be slid over them.
12. A device according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the securing elements are a pair of strips (13,13a) on the drying-oven floor and ceiling, and the infrared radiation device (10) can be slid between them.
13. A device according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that bearing elements (24) for grid trays are provided on facing walls of the drying oven.
EP89111658A 1988-06-29 1989-06-27 Method and apparatus for making samples for controlling the quality of water soluble paints Expired - Lifetime EP0348882B1 (en)

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DE4336857A1 (en) * 1993-10-28 1995-05-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Process for drying automotive paints
DE4336856A1 (en) * 1993-10-28 1995-05-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Process for drying automotive paints
AT403518B (en) * 1993-12-01 1998-03-25 Hoffmann Friedrich METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRYING AND / OR CURING COATINGS
DE19628831A1 (en) * 1996-07-17 1998-01-22 Basf Lacke & Farben Laboratory dryer
DE19720065C1 (en) * 1997-05-14 1998-12-17 Helmut Fresenberger Oven for drying painted samples
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DE10045878A1 (en) * 2000-09-14 2002-03-28 Buehler Ag Double-hull dry
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DE3821848C1 (en) 1989-02-16

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