EP0340429A1 - Antenne à balayage électronique - Google Patents

Antenne à balayage électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0340429A1
EP0340429A1 EP89104559A EP89104559A EP0340429A1 EP 0340429 A1 EP0340429 A1 EP 0340429A1 EP 89104559 A EP89104559 A EP 89104559A EP 89104559 A EP89104559 A EP 89104559A EP 0340429 A1 EP0340429 A1 EP 0340429A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
antenna
network
circuits
output
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89104559A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Régis Lenormand
Antoine Clerino
Jacques Neron
Jean-Philippe Marre
Gérard Raguenet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Alcatel Lucent NV
Original Assignee
Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Alcatel NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Espace Industries SA, Alcatel NV filed Critical Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Publication of EP0340429A1 publication Critical patent/EP0340429A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0025—Modular arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic scanning antenna.
  • a work entitled "space telecommunications" of the technical and scientific collection of telecommunications in particular in its volume I pages 92 to 94 and pages 259 to 261 describes on the one hand the fact of grouping several antennas, fed simultaneously by the same transmitter with the interposition of power dividers and phase shifters, the radiation characteristics of this group depending both on the diagram of each antenna and on the distribution of powers in amplitude and phase. This property is used to obtain a diagram which could not be obtained with a single radiating source. If, in addition, the characteristics of the power dividers and phase shifters are modified by electronic means, an almost instantaneous modification of the diagram can be obtained.
  • the simplest grouping of radiating sources is the network, in which all the sources are identical and are deduced from each other by any translation. We can therefore have in particular rectilinear or planar networks.
  • This document describes, on the other hand, the use of reflector antennas for the generation of multiple beams, which have the advantage of a low weight and the possibilities of making large radiation surfaces using deployable structures.
  • This type of antenna is generally used when it is desired to generate numerous narrow beams.
  • the illumination system of the reflector is off-center with respect to the latter so as to avoid any blockage of the radiating opening. Indeed, blockage of this opening results in an increase in the level of the secondary lobes, which must be avoided at all costs in this kind of application.
  • the main reflector is for example a paraboloid. Multiple beams are obtained by placing a set of illumination sources in the vicinity of the focal point, each source corresponding to a beam.
  • the object of the invention is to solve these various problems.
  • the invention proposes, for this purpose, an electronic scanning antenna comprising an array of elementary sources, characterized in that it comprises a reflector focusing energy, the array being located in the focal zone of the reflector, and electronic d and control electronics supply and control including - hybrid couplers corresponding respectively to elementary sources - amplification circuits - beam forming circuits each consisting of an adjustable phase shifter and an adjustable attenuator controlled respectively by a control unit - At least one combiner formed by a set of hybrid junctions to deliver a useful output signal corresponding to a beam considered.
  • the combiner is formed of a set of hybrid junctions whose outputs are combined two by two until the useful output signal (s) are obtained.
  • the supply electronics include a switching device.
  • the proposed solution is of the electronic scanning type. It consists of a network synthesizing the electromagnetic field in the focal zone of a reflector.
  • the invention Compared to mechanical solutions, the invention has the advantage of not requiring movement of the source or the reflector. It allows the use of weak focal lengths (compact antenna). It provides several simultaneous connections.
  • the antenna performance is not directly linked to the total size of the network, .
  • the installation is not necessarily on the earth face of the satellite.
  • the proposed solution Compared to a single reflector imaging network solution, the proposed solution has the following advantages: . the overall dimension of the network is reduced, . antenna efficiency is improved.
  • the antenna of the invention shown in FIG. 1, comprises an eccentric parabolic reflector 10 supplied by a planar network 11 of sources located in the vicinity of the focal point F of the reflector, the network 12 representing the network of virtual sources, corresponding to this network 11.
  • FIG. 2 gives an example of several amplitude distributions during displacements in two directions OX and OY at the level of the network 11 of sources.
  • the diameters of the disks carried in FIG. 2 represent the amplitude of the signal received by the various sources of the network.
  • the antenna according to the invention one plays on the amplitude and on the phase of each elementary source; which makes it possible to achieve the optimal synthesis of each elementary source as if it were at the focus F of the reflector.
  • Such an operation makes it possible to produce an antenna whose gain does not depend on the pointing direction, while keeping the reflector 10 and the array 11 of elementary sources fixed.
  • the components corresponding to the real distribution are captured locally. After filtering and amplification, these components are assigned phase terms (by variable phase shifters) in order to cancel their differential phases, and optimally added by a summator made up of variable attenuators and hybrid couplers.
  • the displacement of the maximum amplitude of the field is a function of the scanning angle ⁇ on the one hand, and of the distance from the center of the array to the center of the reflector, on the other hand.
  • the dimension of the network is deduced from the maximum excursion and the amplitude distribution. This distribution varies as a function of ⁇ due to the aberrations.
  • Such a network supply makes it possible to synthesize a field distribution which best harmonizes the electromagnetic field distribution in the region of the focal point F of the reflector 10. More precisely, when the antenna receives signals, this implies the optimization of the coefficients d amplitude and relative phase applied to each elementary source of the network, to receive a maximum power coming from a particular direction.
  • the relative amplitude and phase coefficients, which must be applied to the elements of the network, are calculated by the technique well known to those skilled in the art of "adaptation by conjugate complexes". For a maximum power transfer between each elementary source of the network and its surrounding field distribution, the overall field distribution over the opening of the network must be the conjugate of the field distribution in the region of the focus of the reflector.
  • FIG. 3 is shown a first embodiment of the electronics for implementing the antenna according to the invention, in the case of a single received beam.
  • each elementary source Sj there is a first horizontal polarization output H and a second vertical polarization output V, which are both connected to a hybrid coupler 20 in which, after 90 ° phase shift in time of a signal relative to the other, we get a circular polarization sum of the two polarizations horizontal and vertical.
  • the respective signals obtained at the output of the hybrid couplers 20 are entered into a low noise amplification circuit 21, consisting for example of a filter 22 and an amplifier 23 proper, then into a beam forming circuit 24 consisting of an adjustable phase shifter 25 and an adjustable attenuator 26 controlled respectively by a control unit 27.
  • the antenna signals at the output of these beam forming circuits are entered into a combiner 28 formed by a set of hybrid junctions 29 whose outputs are combined two by two until the useful output signal F corresponding to the beam in question is obtained.
  • the supply electronics In the case of m beams received, the supply electronics have the form shown in FIG. 4.
  • a low noise amplification circuit 21 is located behind each source Sj. After amplification, the signal is divided (35) by the number m of users without significant degradation of the G / T ratio (G being the gain and T the noise temperature).
  • the beam forming circuits 24 then adjust the amplitude and the phase of each of the signals, these signals then being sent to m power combiners 28, a maximum output being obtained after summation.
  • the switching system operates as follows: The active circuits corresponding to elementary sources Sp, Sp + 1, Sp + q in the state N are then assigned to elementary sources Sr, Sr + 1, Sr + q in the N + 1 state.
  • the tracking of a mobile then takes place as follows: . for small variations, the components of adaptation to the fields are updated (amplitude and phase of each channel) to keep the maximum level of directivity towards the moving body, . when the movement of the spot has reached a certain threshold, the channels are switched so as to keep active the elements contributing most to the overall gain performance.
  • a switching device is arranged between the low noise amplification circuit 21 and the power supply and phase shift circuit 24 so that only the elements which receive significant power are controlled by a reduced size network, and a combiner. power ; only one group of elements, and not the whole network, to be checked for each beam (or each user).
  • the sources Sj followed by their hybrid couplers 20 and their respective low noise amplification circuits 21 are connected to a switching device 31.
  • the q outputs (33) of this switching device 31 are the inputs (34) of a beam forming unit 32, represented in FIG. 7, which corresponds to that represented in FIG. 3, but with a number of circuits lesser. To differentiate these circuits from those represented in FIG. 3, their references have been assigned a ′.
  • This third embodiment can just as easily be adapted in the case of m beams, we then use, at the output of the amplifiers (21), dividers (35) followed by m switching devices (31), as shown in FIG. 6; the outputs of these m switching devices are connected to m beam forming units 32.
  • the network 11 of elementary sources is for example a network of printed elements ("patch") on a support, each of these elements being able to constitute a multifrequency antenna, for example dual frequency.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
EP89104559A 1988-03-18 1989-03-15 Antenne à balayage électronique Withdrawn EP0340429A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8803544 1988-03-18
FR8803544A FR2628895B1 (fr) 1988-03-18 1988-03-18 Antenne a balayage electronique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0340429A1 true EP0340429A1 (fr) 1989-11-08

Family

ID=9364402

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89104559A Withdrawn EP0340429A1 (fr) 1988-03-18 1989-03-15 Antenne à balayage électronique

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4965588A (fi)
EP (1) EP0340429A1 (fi)
JP (1) JPH01276803A (fi)
AU (1) AU613458B2 (fi)
CA (1) CA1298651C (fi)
FI (1) FI891223A (fi)
FR (1) FR2628895B1 (fi)
NO (1) NO891135L (fi)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0368121A1 (fr) * 1988-11-03 1990-05-16 Alcatel Espace Antenne à balayage électronique
FR2651927A1 (fr) * 1989-09-13 1991-03-15 Alcatel Espace Antenne multifaisceaux orientable par commutation bas niveau.
FR2652952A1 (fr) * 1989-10-10 1991-04-12 Alcatel Espace Antenne a balayage electronique en emission.
FR2729505A1 (fr) * 1995-01-18 1996-07-19 Alcatel Espace Antenne multifaisceaux forte capacite a balayage electronique en emission
EP2194602A1 (fr) 2008-12-05 2010-06-09 Thales Antenne à partage de sources et procède d'élaboration d'une antenne à partage de sources pour l'élaboration de multi-faisceaux

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5132694A (en) * 1989-06-29 1992-07-21 Ball Corporation Multiple-beam array antenna
US5289193A (en) * 1990-11-29 1994-02-22 Alcatel Espace Reconfigurable transmission antenna
FR2674997B1 (fr) * 1991-04-05 1994-10-07 Alcatel Espace Architecture de charge utile dans le domaine spatial.
US5140333A (en) * 1991-08-23 1992-08-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. System and method for operating transmit/receive modules of active aperture phased array antennas
US5349364A (en) * 1992-06-26 1994-09-20 Acvo Corporation Electromagnetic power distribution system comprising distinct type couplers
FR2719948B1 (fr) * 1994-05-10 1996-07-19 Dassault Electronique Antenne multi-faisceaux pour la réception de micro-ondes émanant de plusieurs satellites.
US5541607A (en) * 1994-12-05 1996-07-30 Hughes Electronics Polar digital beamforming method and system
US5661489A (en) * 1996-04-26 1997-08-26 Questech, Inc. Enhanced electronically steerable beam-forming system
US5949370A (en) * 1997-11-07 1999-09-07 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Positionable satellite antenna with reconfigurable beam
US6122603A (en) * 1998-05-29 2000-09-19 Powerweb, Inc. Multi-utility energy control system with dashboard
US5936592A (en) * 1998-06-05 1999-08-10 Ramanujam; Parthasarathy Reconfigurable multiple beam satellite reflector antenna with an array feed
US5936588A (en) * 1998-06-05 1999-08-10 Rao; Sudhakar K. Reconfigurable multiple beam satellite phased array antenna
US6404398B1 (en) * 2000-08-17 2002-06-11 Trw Inc. Indirect radiating array techniques
AU2006262502A1 (en) * 2005-06-23 2007-01-04 Emory Univerisity Imaging agents
GB0515185D0 (en) * 2005-07-22 2005-08-31 Fox Andrew J Beam definable antenna
JP5014193B2 (ja) * 2008-02-20 2012-08-29 三菱電機株式会社 アレーアンテナの励振方法
JP2012222725A (ja) * 2011-04-13 2012-11-12 Toshiba Corp アクティブアレイアンテナ装置
JP5837223B2 (ja) * 2012-11-07 2015-12-24 三菱電機株式会社 アレー給電反射鏡アンテナ装置およびその制御方法
CN107645069B (zh) * 2017-10-09 2024-03-15 成都瑞德星无线技术有限公司 一种近场有源镜像聚焦天线
IL285158B2 (en) 2019-02-12 2024-04-01 Viasat Inc Open a satellite at an extremely low price and with high performance

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3737899A (en) * 1971-02-01 1973-06-05 Raytheon Co Phased array antenna controller
US4090199A (en) * 1976-04-02 1978-05-16 Raytheon Company Radio frequency beam forming network
DE2919628A1 (de) * 1978-05-17 1979-11-22 Western Electric Co Multireflektor-antennenanordnung
US4217587A (en) * 1978-08-14 1980-08-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Antenna beam steering controller
US4277787A (en) * 1979-12-20 1981-07-07 General Electric Company Charge transfer device phased array beamsteering and multibeam beamformer
DE3336196A1 (de) * 1982-10-06 1984-04-12 International Standard Electric Corp., 10022 New York, N.Y. Radargeraet mit einer aus mehreren einzelantennen bestehenden antenne

Family Cites Families (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3993999A (en) * 1975-05-16 1976-11-23 Texas Instruments Incorporated Amplitude modulation scanning antenna system
US4799065A (en) * 1983-03-17 1989-01-17 Hughes Aircraft Company Reconfigurable beam antenna
ATE45058T1 (de) * 1984-03-24 1989-08-15 Gen Electric Co Plc Netzwerk zur antennenstrahlformung.
JPH0746761B2 (ja) * 1986-03-04 1995-05-17 国際電信電話株式会社 アレイアンテナの給電回路
US4827268A (en) * 1986-08-14 1989-05-02 Hughes Aircraft Company Beam-forming network
US4825172A (en) * 1987-03-30 1989-04-25 Hughes Aircraft Company Equal power amplifier system for active phase array antenna and method of arranging same

Patent Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3737899A (en) * 1971-02-01 1973-06-05 Raytheon Co Phased array antenna controller
US4090199A (en) * 1976-04-02 1978-05-16 Raytheon Company Radio frequency beam forming network
DE2919628A1 (de) * 1978-05-17 1979-11-22 Western Electric Co Multireflektor-antennenanordnung
US4217587A (en) * 1978-08-14 1980-08-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Antenna beam steering controller
US4277787A (en) * 1979-12-20 1981-07-07 General Electric Company Charge transfer device phased array beamsteering and multibeam beamformer
DE3336196A1 (de) * 1982-10-06 1984-04-12 International Standard Electric Corp., 10022 New York, N.Y. Radargeraet mit einer aus mehreren einzelantennen bestehenden antenne

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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0368121A1 (fr) * 1988-11-03 1990-05-16 Alcatel Espace Antenne à balayage électronique
FR2651927A1 (fr) * 1989-09-13 1991-03-15 Alcatel Espace Antenne multifaisceaux orientable par commutation bas niveau.
EP0417679A1 (fr) * 1989-09-13 1991-03-20 Alcatel Espace Antenne multifaisceaux orientable par commutation bas niveau
FR2652952A1 (fr) * 1989-10-10 1991-04-12 Alcatel Espace Antenne a balayage electronique en emission.
EP0422551A1 (fr) * 1989-10-10 1991-04-17 Alcatel Espace Antenne à balayage électronique en émission
FR2729505A1 (fr) * 1995-01-18 1996-07-19 Alcatel Espace Antenne multifaisceaux forte capacite a balayage electronique en emission
EP0723308A1 (fr) * 1995-01-18 1996-07-24 Alcatel Espace Antenne multifaisceaux forte capacité à balayage électronique en émission
EP2194602A1 (fr) 2008-12-05 2010-06-09 Thales Antenne à partage de sources et procède d'élaboration d'une antenne à partage de sources pour l'élaboration de multi-faisceaux
FR2939568A1 (fr) * 2008-12-05 2010-06-11 Thales Sa Antenne a partage de sources et procede d'elaboration d'une antenne a partage de sources pour l'elaboration de multi-faisceaux
US8299963B2 (en) 2008-12-05 2012-10-30 Thales Antenna with shared feeds and method of producing an antenna with shared feeds for generating multiple beams

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO891135L (no) 1989-09-19
FR2628895A1 (fr) 1989-09-22
US4965588A (en) 1990-10-23
CA1298651C (fr) 1992-04-07
AU613458B2 (en) 1991-08-01
FR2628895B1 (fr) 1990-11-16
JPH01276803A (ja) 1989-11-07
AU3144689A (en) 1989-09-21
FI891223A (fi) 1989-09-19
FI891223A0 (fi) 1989-03-15
NO891135D0 (no) 1989-03-16

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