EP0337112B1 - Process for the diminution of the nox content of flue gases when heating coke ovens - Google Patents

Process for the diminution of the nox content of flue gases when heating coke ovens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0337112B1
EP0337112B1 EP89104099A EP89104099A EP0337112B1 EP 0337112 B1 EP0337112 B1 EP 0337112B1 EP 89104099 A EP89104099 A EP 89104099A EP 89104099 A EP89104099 A EP 89104099A EP 0337112 B1 EP0337112 B1 EP 0337112B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
gas
stages
flue gas
flow
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Revoked
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EP89104099A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0337112A1 (en
Inventor
Johannes Dr. Janicka
Günter Dr. Meyer
Heinz Dürselen
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MALLINCKRODT GROUP INC. TE ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, VE
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Krupp Koppers GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B21/00—Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases
    • C10B21/20—Methods of heating ovens of the chamber oven type
    • C10B21/22—Methods of heating ovens of the chamber oven type by introducing the heating gas and air at various levels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B21/00—Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases
    • C10B21/10—Regulating and controlling the combustion
    • C10B21/18—Recirculating the flue gases

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing the NO x content in the flue gas when heating coking ovens with paired heating trains, several combustion stages lying at different heights and a flue gas recirculation at the level of the heating flue (circulating flow), the circulating flow rate, that is the volume flow of the recirculated flue gas divided by the flue gas volume flow without recirculated flue gas, between 20% and 50%.
  • the known measures for reducing the formation of NO x aim to reduce the flame temperature by flue gas recirculation or to reduce the oxygen and nitrogen concentrations by partial combustion.
  • the principle of flue gas recirculation is implemented in coking furnaces, in particular in the form of the Koppers cycle furnace.
  • the air and heating gas flow are mixed with flue gas, which primarily results in a significant reduction in the NO x production rates by reducing the maximum flame temperature, but also by reducing the O2 and N2 concentration.
  • the NO x reduction principle of partial combustion is used in coking ovens in the form of step heating.
  • DE-OS 3443976 This relates mainly focus on high-gas ovens with two combustion stages and flue gas recirculation as well as composite coking ovens with air and gas steps and flue gas recirculation.
  • the step ratio for a number of steps greater than or equal to 2 defined as the air volume flow of the lower steps divided by the total air volume flow, between 80 / I% (80% divided by number of steps I) and 140 / I% (140% divided by the number of stages I) is set, the upper combustion stages between 45% - 10% ⁇ (I - 1) of the heating draft (minimum however at 15%) and 45% + 10% (I - 1) the heating draft height (maximum, however, at 85%).
  • a stage ratio between 26.7% and 46.7% is calculated, i.e. the lower stage receives between 26.7% and 46.7% of the total air volume flow.
  • the remaining amount of air is appropriately distributed approximately evenly over the two upper stages.
  • the upper combustion stages should be arranged between 25% and 65% of the heating draft height.
  • Partial combustion takes place above level 12 in the flamed heating train.
  • the path of the flue gases leads from the flamed heating cable 2 via the reversal point 13 (part via the differential channel 14) into the non-flaming heating cable 2a and via the nozzles and channels 4a, 3a, 6a, 5a, 10a, 9a into the exhaust gas regenerators (not shown) .
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 the direction of flow of the media is indicated by arrows for both low-gas and high-gas heating. In the case of lean gas operation, however, no heavy gas flows, while in the case of heavy gas operation the lean gas ducts carry combustion air.
  • the lateral limitation of a pair of heating cables 1 takes place through the rotor walls 15 and the connector walls 16 penetrated by the channel 9.
  • the heating cable pair 1 is divided into heating cables 2 and 2a by the binder wall 17 which is penetrated by the reversal point 13 and the circuit opening 11.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verringerung des NOx-Gehaltes im Rauchgas bei der Beheizung von Verkokungsöfen mit paarweise zusammenarbeitenden Heizzügen, mehreren in unterschiedlichen Höhen liegenden Verbrennungsstufen sowie einer Rauchgasrückführung in Höhe der Heizzugsohle (Kreisstrom), wobei die Kreisstromrate, das ist der Volumenstrom des rückgeführten Rauchgases dividiert durch den Rauchgasvolumenstrom ohne rückgeführtes Rauchgas, zwischen 20% und 50% eingestellt wird.The invention relates to a method for reducing the NO x content in the flue gas when heating coking ovens with paired heating trains, several combustion stages lying at different heights and a flue gas recirculation at the level of the heating flue (circulating flow), the circulating flow rate, that is the volume flow of the recirculated flue gas divided by the flue gas volume flow without recirculated flue gas, between 20% and 50%.

Es ist bekannt, daß es sich bei den in Verkokungsöfen gebildeten Stickoxiden in erster Linie um sogenanntes thermisches NOx handelt, dessen Bildungsraten nahezu linear vom Produkt der Sauerstoff- und Stickstoffkonzentrationen in der Flamme sowie exponentiell von der Flammentemperatur abhängen.It is known that the nitrogen oxides formed in coking ovens are primarily so-called thermal NO x , the formation rates of which depend almost linearly on the product of the oxygen and nitrogen concentrations in the flame and exponentially on the flame temperature.

Die bekannten Maßnahmen zur Reduktion der NOx-Bildung zielen auf eine Verminderung der Flammentemperatur durch Rauchgasrückführung oder auf eine Verringerung der Sauerstoff- und Stickstoffkonzentrationen durch partielle Verbrennung.The known measures for reducing the formation of NO x aim to reduce the flame temperature by flue gas recirculation or to reduce the oxygen and nitrogen concentrations by partial combustion.

Das Prinzip der Rauchgasrückführung ist bei Verkokungsöfen insbesondere in Form des Koppers-Kreisstrom-Ofens verwirklicht. Hierbei wird durch ein oder zwei öffnungen in jeder zweiten Binderwand in Höhe der Heizzugsohle dem Luft- und Heizgasstrom Rauchgas zugemischt, das in erster Linie durch Verringerung der maximalen Flammentemperatur, aber auch durch Reduktion der O₂- und N₂-Konzentration eine deutliche Verringerung der NOx-Produktionsraten bewirkt.The principle of flue gas recirculation is implemented in coking furnaces, in particular in the form of the Koppers cycle furnace. Here, through one or two openings in every second truss wall at the level of the heating element the air and heating gas flow are mixed with flue gas, which primarily results in a significant reduction in the NO x production rates by reducing the maximum flame temperature, but also by reducing the O₂ and N₂ concentration.

Das NOx-Reduktionsprinzip der partiellen Verbrennung wird in Verkokungsöfen in Form einer Stufenbeheizung genutzt.The NO x reduction principle of partial combustion is used in coking ovens in the form of step heating.

Mit dem Ziel, die NOx-Emission in Verkokungsöfen noch weiter zu senken, sind theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen durchgeführt worden. Als wesentliche Erkenntnis dieser Studien bleibt festzuhalten, daß eine Kombination der NOx-Reduktionsprinzipien, Rauchgasrückführung (Kreisstrombeheizung) und partielle Verbrennung (Stufenbeheizung), zu einer weiterführenden Verringerung der NOx-Produktion führen kann.To reduce even further in coke ovens with the aim of NOx emissions, theoretical and experimental investigations have been carried out. The main finding of these studies is that a combination of the NO x reduction principles, flue gas recirculation (circuit heating) and partial combustion (stage heating) can lead to a further reduction in NO x production.

Grundsätzlich ist die Kombination von Stufenbeheizung und Kreisstrombeheizung bei Verkokungsöfen bekannt. Die genannten Untersuchungen zeigen aber, daß eine willkürliche Kombination von Kreisstrombeheizung und Stufenbeheizung nicht zwangsläufig zu einer nennenswerten NO-x-Reduktion führt. Nur bei einer optimalen Kombination von Stufenbeheizung, Kreisstrombeheizung und Anordnung der zweiten Verbrennungsstufe ist eine maximale NOx-Verringerung erzielbar.Basically, the combination of step heating and circuit heating in coking ovens is known. However, the studies mentioned show that an arbitrary combination of circulating current heating and step heating does not necessarily lead to a significant NO x reduction. A maximum NO x reduction can only be achieved with an optimal combination of stage heating, circuit heating and arrangement of the second combustion stage.

Die aus diesen Untersuchungen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sind in der DE-OS 3443976 zusammengefaßt. Diese bezieht sich im wesentlichen auf Starkgasöfen mit zwei Verbrennungsstufen und Rauchgasrückführung sowie Verbundverkokungsöfen mit Luft- und Gasstufung und Rauchgasrückführung.The knowledge gained from these investigations is summarized in DE-OS 3443976. This relates mainly focus on high-gas ovens with two combustion stages and flue gas recirculation as well as composite coking ovens with air and gas steps and flue gas recirculation.

Weiterführende Untersuchungen haben aber gezeigt, daß auch durch Anordnung von mehr als zwei Stufen für Starkgas- und Schwachgas- bzw. Mischgasbetrieb sowie durch reine Luftstufung mit zwei oder mehr als zwei Stufen für den Schwach- bzw. Mischgasbetrieb in Kombination mit der Rauchgasrückführung deutliche Verminderungen der NOx-Emissionen erzielt werden können.Further investigations have shown, however, that by arranging more than two stages for strong gas and lean gas or mixed gas operation as well as by pure air grading with two or more than two stages for lean or mixed gas operation in combination with the flue gas recirculation, significant reductions in NO x emissions can be achieved.

Ausgehend von den Ergbenissen dieser Untersuchungen, wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, daß bei alleiniger Luftstufung das Stufenverhältnis für eine Stufenanzahl größer/gleich 2, definiert als Luftvolumenstrom der unteren Sufe dividiert durch den gesamten Luftvolumenstrom, zwischen 80/I% (80% dividiert durch Stufenanzahl I) und 140/I% (140% dividiert durch Stufenanzahl I) eingestellt wird, wobei die oberen Verbrennungsstufen zwischen 45% - 10% × (I - 1) der Heizzughöhe (minimal jedoch bei 15%) und 45% + 10% (I - 1) der Heizzughöhe (maximal jedoch bei 85%) angeordnet werden.On the basis of the results of these investigations, it is proposed according to the invention that, with only air grading, the step ratio for a number of steps greater than or equal to 2, defined as the air volume flow of the lower steps divided by the total air volume flow, between 80 / I% (80% divided by number of steps I) and 140 / I% (140% divided by the number of stages I) is set, the upper combustion stages between 45% - 10% × (I - 1) of the heating draft (minimum however at 15%) and 45% + 10% (I - 1) the heating draft height (maximum, however, at 85%).

Hierbei errechnet sich beispielsweise bei einer Stufenanzahl 3 ein Stufenverhältnis zwischen 26,7% und 46,7%, d.h. der unteren Stufe werden zwischen 26,7% und 46,7% des gesamten Luftvolumenstromes zugeführt. Die restliche Luftmenge wird man zweckmäßig annähernd gleichmäßig auf die beiden oberen Stufen verteilen.Here, for example, with a number of stages 3, a stage ratio between 26.7% and 46.7% is calculated, i.e. the lower stage receives between 26.7% and 46.7% of the total air volume flow. The remaining amount of air is appropriately distributed approximately evenly over the two upper stages.

Für die Höhenanordnung der Verbrennungsstufen errechnet sich beispielsweise bei einer Stufenanzahl 3, daß die oberen Verbrennungsstufen zwischen 25% und 65% der Heizzughöhe angeordnet werden sollen.For the height arrangement of the combustion stages, for example with a number of stages 3, it is calculated that the upper combustion stages should be arranged between 25% and 65% of the heating draft height.

In den Zeichnungen sind Ausführungsformen von zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeigneten Verkokungsöfen enthalten. Dabei sind die Zufuhr der Verbrennungsmedien von den hier nicht eingezeichneten Regeneratoren zu den Heizzügen, die Schaltung der Regeneratoren, der Heizzüge bzw. Heizzugpaare sowohl für Verbundöfen, d.h. Verkokungsöfen mit wahlweiser Starkgas- oder Schwachgasbeheizung, als auch für Starkgasöfen dargestellt. In den Zeichnungen ist die Richtung des Medienverlaufs (Luft, Schwachgas, Starkgas, Abgas) während einer Heizperiode durch Pfeile gekennzeichnet. Da es sich hier um Regenerativöfen handelt, wechselt der Verlauf der Medien für die zweite Periode.

Fig. 1
zeigt zwei nebeneinanderliegende Heizzugpaare eines Verbundofens im vertikalen Längsschnitt A-A nach Fig. 2,
Fig. 2
den horizontalen Querschnitt B-B dieser zwei Heizzugpaare nach Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
zwei nebeneinanderliegende Heizzugpaare eines Starkgasofens im vertikalen Längsschnitt C-C nach Fig. 4 und
Fig. 4
den horizontalen Querschnitt D-D der zwei Heizzugpaare nach Fig. 3.

The drawings contain embodiments of coking ovens suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention. The supply of the combustion media from the regenerators (not shown here) to the heating trains, the switching of the regenerators, the heating trains or pairs of heating trains are shown both for composite furnaces, i.e. coking furnaces with optional strong gas or weak gas heating, and for strong gas furnaces. In the drawings, the direction of the media flow (air, lean gas, high gas, exhaust gas) is indicated by arrows during a heating period. Because it if these are regenerative stoves, the course of the media changes for the second period.
Fig. 1
2 shows two adjacent heating train pairs of a composite furnace in the vertical longitudinal section AA according to FIG. 2,
Fig. 2
2 shows the horizontal cross section BB of these two pairs of heating trains according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
two adjacent heating train pairs of a gas burner in a vertical longitudinal section CC according to FIGS. 4 and
Fig. 4
3 shows the horizontal cross section DD of the two pairs of heating trains according to FIG. 3.

In den Zeichnungen bedeuten:

1
Heizzugpaar
2
Heizzug (beflammt)
2a
Heizzug (nicht beflammt)
3
Primärluftkanal
3a
Primärluftkanal (Abgas führend)
4
Regulierung zu 3
4a
Regulierung zu 3a (Abgas führend)
5
Schwachgaskanal
5a
Schwachgaskanal (Abgas führend)
6
Regulierung zu 5
6a
Regulierung zu 5a (Abgas führend)
7
Starkgaskanal
8
Starkgasdüse
9
Sekundärluft
9a
Sekundärluft (Abgas führend)
10
Regelbare Austritte zu 9 )   Regelorgane
10a
Regelbare Austritte zu 9a  )   nicht
 
(Abgas führend)    )   dargestellt
11
Kreisstromöffnungen
11a
Regulierrolle für Kreisstromöffnungen
12
Höhe Brennerebene bis zur Sekundärluftzuführung
13
Umkehrstelle
14
Differentialkanal
15
Läuferwände
16
Binderwände oberhalb Sekundärluftstelle
17
Binderwände mit Umkehrstelle und Kreisstrom

In the drawings:
1
Heating cable pair
2nd
Heating flames
2a
Heating flue (not flamed)
3rd
Primary air duct
3a
Primary air duct (exhaust gas leading)
4th
Regulation to 3
4a
Regulation to 3a (exhaust gas leading)
5
Weak gas channel
5a
Weak gas duct (exhaust gas leading)
6
Regulation to 5
6a
Regulation to 5a (exhaust gas leading)
7
Heavy gas duct
8th
Power gas nozzle
9
Secondary air
9a
Secondary air (exhaust gas leading)
10th
Adjustable exits to 9) regulatory bodies
10a
Not controllable exits to 9a)
(Leading exhaust gas))
11
Circular flow openings
11a
Regulating roller for circular flow openings
12
Height of burner level up to the secondary air supply
13
Reversal point
14
Differential channel
15
Runner walls
16
Truss walls above the secondary air point
17th
Truss walls with reversal point and circulating current

Die strömenden Medien werden wie folgt den beflammten Heizzügen 2 zugeführt:

  • ― Primärluft vom Luftgenerator über die Kanäle 3 und die regelbaren Austritte 4
  • ― Schwachgas vom Gasregenerator über die Kanäle 5 und die regelbaren Austritte 6
  • ― Starkgas über die Kanäle 7 und die auswechselbaren Düsen 8
  • ― Sekundärluft über die Kanäle 9 und die regelbaren Austritte 10
  • ― Rückgas über die regelbaren Kanäle 11 (Kreisstromöffnungen)
The flowing media are fed to the flamed heating cables 2 as follows:
  • - Primary air from the air generator via the channels 3 and the controllable outlets 4
  • - Low gas from the gas regenerator via the channels 5 and the controllable outlets 6
  • - Strong gas via the channels 7 and the interchangeable nozzles 8
  • - Secondary air via the channels 9 and the controllable outlets 10
  • - Return gas via the adjustable channels 11 (circuit flow openings)

Über die Höhe 12 findet im beflammten Heizzug die partielle Verbrennung statt.Partial combustion takes place above level 12 in the flamed heating train.

Der Weg der Rauchgase führt vom beflammten Heizzug 2 über die Umkehrstelle 13 (ein Teil über den Differentialkanal 14) in den unbeflammten Heizzug 2a und über die Düsen und Kanäle 4a, 3a, 6a, 5a, 10a, 9a in die (nicht dargestellten) Abgasregeneratoren.The path of the flue gases leads from the flamed heating cable 2 via the reversal point 13 (part via the differential channel 14) into the non-flaming heating cable 2a and via the nozzles and channels 4a, 3a, 6a, 5a, 10a, 9a into the exhaust gas regenerators (not shown) .

In Fig. 1 und 2 ist die Strömungsrichtung der Medien sowohl für Schwachgas- als auch für Starkgasbeheizung durch Pfeile gekennzeichnet. Bei Schwachgasbetrieb strömt jedoch kein Starkgas, während bei Starkgasbetrieb die Schwachgaskanäle Verbrennungsluft führen.In FIGS. 1 and 2, the direction of flow of the media is indicated by arrows for both low-gas and high-gas heating. In the case of lean gas operation, however, no heavy gas flows, while in the case of heavy gas operation the lean gas ducts carry combustion air.

Die seitliche Begrenzung eines Heizzugpaares 1 erfolgt durch die Läuferwände 15 und die von dem Kanal 9 durchsetzten Binderwände 16. Die Teilung des Heizzugpaares 1 in die Heizzüge 2 und 2a geschieht durch die Binderwand 17, die von der Umkehrstelle 13 und der Kreisstromöffnung 11 durchsetzt wird.The lateral limitation of a pair of heating cables 1 takes place through the rotor walls 15 and the connector walls 16 penetrated by the channel 9. The heating cable pair 1 is divided into heating cables 2 and 2a by the binder wall 17 which is penetrated by the reversal point 13 and the circuit opening 11.

Durch die Unterscheidung bzw. räumliche Trennung der Binderwände nach "Kreisstrom-besitzend" und "Luftkanalbesitzend" werden in Kombination mit den freistehenden Starkgasaustritten günstige Strömungsbedingungen sichergestellt, die eine weitgehende Einmischung des Kreisstromes in die Verbrennungsmedien der unteren Stufe ermöglichen.By differentiating or spatially separating the truss walls according to "owning the circular flow" and "owning the air duct", in combination with the free-standing high-pressure gas outlets, favorable flow conditions are ensured, which enable the circular flow to be largely mixed into the combustion media of the lower stage.

Claims (1)

1. Process for reducing the NOx content in the flue gas from the heating of coke ovens having heating flues cooperating in pairs, a plurality of combustion stages located at different levels and a flue gas recycle at the level of the heating flue bottom (circulating flow), the circulating flow rate, i.e. the volumetric flow of the recycled flue gas, divided by the volumetric flue gas flow without recycled flue gas, being set to a value between 20% and 50%, characterised in that, if only the air feed is staged, the stage ratio for a number of stages greater than/equal to 2, defined as the volumetric air flow of the lower stage divided by the total volumetric air flow, is set to between 80/I% (80% divided by the number of stages I) and 140/I% (140% divided by the number of stages I), the upper combustion stages being arranged between 45% - 10% × (I - 1) of the heating flue height (but with a minimum at 15%) and 45% + 10% × (I - 1) of the heating flue height (but with a maximum at 85).
EP89104099A 1988-04-15 1989-03-08 Process for the diminution of the nox content of flue gases when heating coke ovens Revoked EP0337112B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3812558 1988-04-15
DE3812558A DE3812558C2 (en) 1988-04-15 1988-04-15 Process for reducing the NO¶x¶ content in the flue gas when heating coking ovens

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0337112A1 EP0337112A1 (en) 1989-10-18
EP0337112B1 true EP0337112B1 (en) 1992-01-15

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EP89104099A Revoked EP0337112B1 (en) 1988-04-15 1989-03-08 Process for the diminution of the nox content of flue gases when heating coke ovens

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US (1) US5017270A (en)
EP (1) EP0337112B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3020062B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1021338C (en)
DE (2) DE3812558C2 (en)

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DE2738116B2 (en) * 1977-08-24 1980-12-18 Dr. C. Otto & Comp. Gmbh, 4630 Bochum Double heating wall for coking furnace with horizontal chambers
DE3149484C2 (en) * 1981-12-14 1985-07-25 Dr. C. Otto & Co Gmbh, 4630 Bochum Heating system for regenerative heating of a coke oven battery with twin heating flues
DE3443976A1 (en) * 1984-12-01 1986-06-12 Krupp Koppers GmbH, 4300 Essen METHOD FOR REDUCING THE NO (ARROW DOWN) X (ARROW DOWN) CONTENT IN THE FLUE GAS IN THE HEATING OF COCING FURNACES AND FURNISHING OVEN FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCEDURE
DE3527345A1 (en) * 1985-07-31 1987-02-12 Still Carl Gmbh Co Kg Heating equipment for regenerative coking oven batteries heatable by rich gas and lean gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3812558A1 (en) 1989-10-26
JP3020062B2 (en) 2000-03-15
EP0337112A1 (en) 1989-10-18
CN1021338C (en) 1993-06-23
JPH01306494A (en) 1989-12-11
DE3812558C2 (en) 2001-02-22
DE58900716D1 (en) 1992-02-27
US5017270A (en) 1991-05-21
CN1036786A (en) 1989-11-01

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