TWI681048B - Coke oven device having a circular flow path with an encircling flow around it for the production of coke, and method for operating the coke oven device, and control installation, and use thereof - Google Patents

Coke oven device having a circular flow path with an encircling flow around it for the production of coke, and method for operating the coke oven device, and control installation, and use thereof Download PDF

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TWI681048B
TWI681048B TW107121686A TW107121686A TWI681048B TW I681048 B TWI681048 B TW I681048B TW 107121686 A TW107121686 A TW 107121686A TW 107121686 A TW107121686 A TW 107121686A TW I681048 B TWI681048 B TW I681048B
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gas
coke oven
heating
inlet
exhaust gas
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TW107121686A
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TW201915150A (en
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羅納德 金
湯瑪士 茨雪莉
拉法 葛齊高茲 布辛斯基
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德商蒂森克虜伯工業解決方案股份有限公司
德商蒂森克虜伯股份有限公司
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Priority claimed from DE102017216436.0A external-priority patent/DE102017216436A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B21/00—Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases
    • C10B21/20—Methods of heating ovens of the chamber oven type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B21/00—Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases
    • C10B21/10—Regulating and controlling the combustion
    • C10B21/18—Recirculating the flue gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B21/00—Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases
    • C10B21/20—Methods of heating ovens of the chamber oven type
    • C10B21/22—Methods of heating ovens of the chamber oven type by introducing the heating gas and air at various levels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B5/00—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers
    • C10B5/02—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers with vertical heating flues

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a coke oven device (10) for the production of coke by coking coal at a minimized emission of nitrous oxide by measures internal to the coke oven device, having a multiplicity of twin heating flues (13) each having a fired heating duct (11) and an exhaust-gas-conducting heating duct (12), said heating ducts being partitioned by bulkheads (14) and by stretcher-bond walls (15), wherein the heating ducts in pairs for internal exhaust-gas recirculation on an outer circular flow path (19, 19.1) are fluidically coupled to one another by means of an upper and lower coupling passage (14.2), wherein on the base (5.4) of the twin heating flue in each case at least one inlet from the group of coke oven gas inlet (18), combustion air inlet (16), mixed-gas inlet (17) is provided; wherein the respective bulkhead (14) has at least one further lower and upper coupling passage (14.2) which are disposed in a more central height position that is closer to the centre of the height of the heating ducts than the outboard circular flow and are specified for forming an additional inner circular flow path (19.2, 19.3). The invention furthermore relates to a method for operating the coke oven device.

Description

用於生產焦炭的包含具圍繞其之環繞流動之環形流動路徑的焦爐裝置、焦爐裝置的操作方法及其控制裝置與用途 Coke oven device including an annular flow path surrounding the flow for coke production, operation method of the coke oven device, control device and use thereof

本發明係關於一種用於生產焦炭的裝置和方法，以及一種控制裝置以及相應的用途。更特別的是本發明係關於一種根據相應的獨立請求項的前言部分的裝置和方法。 The invention relates to a device and method for producing coke, as well as a control device and corresponding uses. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus and method according to the preamble of the corresponding independent request item.

全世界對焦爐的需求仍然很高，並且估計未來仍將繼續保持高位，例如，如在以下出版物中所述：「K.Wessiepe et al.：Optimization of Combustion and Reduction of NOx-Formation at Coke Chambers....COKE MAKING INTERNATIONAL；9,2；42-53；VERLAG STAHLEISEN MBH；1997」。由於焦爐個別的運行時間或使用壽命可能相當地長，因此焦爐的規劃和建造也必須以長遠的眼光進行，所以，重要的是要知道在未來幾年內可以在 焦爐中實施哪些環境技術方面的改進。儘管有更嚴格的環境標準，現在每年仍有數百個焦爐新建和投產。然而，與此同時，大多數政治人物都清楚地意識到透過焦爐生產能源並不是特別環保。因此，對於新焦爐的構造，或者對於現有焦爐的操作，特別是與氮氧化物(NOx)相關，設定了越來越嚴格的排放要求。在此背景下，多方正在努力提高焦化效率或其環境友善性，例如可以瀏覽在以下出版物和其中引用的專業文章：「A.J.Nowak et al.：CFD model of coupled thermal processes within coke oven battery....Computer Assisted Mechanics and Engineering Sciences,17：161-172,2010」。該出版物的主題是習知的最佳化措施的模擬。 The demand for coke ovens in the world is still high, and it is estimated that it will continue to remain high in the future, for example, as described in the following publication: "K. Wessiepe et al.: Optimization of Combustion and Reduction of NOx-Formation at Coke Chambers ....COKE MAKING INTERNATIONAL; 9,2; 42-53; VERLAG STAHLEISEN MBH; 1997". Since the individual operating time or service life of the coke oven may be quite long, the planning and construction of the coke oven must also be carried out with a long-term perspective, so it is important to know that in the next few years What environmental technology improvements are implemented in the coke oven. Despite stricter environmental standards, hundreds of coke ovens are still being built and put into production every year. However, at the same time, most politicians clearly realize that energy production from coke ovens is not particularly environmentally friendly. Therefore, for the construction of new coke ovens, or for the operation of existing coke ovens, especially in relation to nitrogen oxides (NOx), increasingly strict emission requirements are set. In this context, many parties are working to improve the coking efficiency or its environmental friendliness, for example, you can browse the following publications and professional articles cited therein: "AJNowak et al.: CFD model of coupled thermal processes within coke oven battery.. .. Computer Assisted Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, 17: 161-172, 2010". The subject of this publication is the simulation of conventional optimization measures.

以下提及現今允許的排放限值或現有工廠仍可容許的排放限值：500mg/Nm3，相當於在5%氧氣O2下約250ppm。以下提及可以作為未來限值：在歐洲約350mg/Nm3(在5%氧氣O2下約170ppm)，或者很快在亞洲甚至只有約200mg/Nm3，特別是在日本、韓國、台灣和中國。換句話說，NOx的排放應盡快降低一半或更多。然而，某些環保部門，特別是亞洲的環保部門，現今已經要求上限值僅在約100mg/Nm3的範圍內，這相當於1/5。鑑於更嚴格的要求，特別是用於柴油車輛的要求，因此，預期在歐洲於短時間內允許的極限值也將更低於350mg/Nm3。 The following refers to the emission limits allowed today or those allowed by existing plants: 500 mg/Nm 3 , which is equivalent to about 250 ppm at 5% oxygen O 2 . The following references can be used as future limits: about 350 mg/Nm 3 in Europe (about 170 ppm at 5% oxygen O 2 ), or soon even about 200 mg/Nm 3 in Asia, especially in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and China. In other words, NOx emissions should be reduced by half or more as soon as possible. However, some environmental protection departments, especially those in Asia, now require the upper limit to be only in the range of about 100 mg/Nm 3 , which is equivalent to 1/5. In view of the stricter requirements, especially for diesel vehicles, it is expected that the limit values allowed in Europe in a short time will also be lower than 350 mg/Nm 3 .

具體而言，氮氧化物是分別透過由焦爐氣體燃燒產生的煙氣釋放，或者在燃燒中形成，特別是在大約1250℃的噴嘴磚(nozzle brick)溫度(在基底上的廢氣引導管槽中)之上(所謂NOx的熱形成)。隨著溫度的升高，NOx的熱形成分別以指數方式進一步促進或引發，使得氮氧化物的排放很大程度上取決於焦爐中的熱條件。眾所周知，透過設定特定的溫度狀態，特別是可 以在焦爐的垂直煙氣引導煙道中影響NOx的排放。適用於此的經驗法則為溫度越高，NOx排放越強烈。因此，爐操作者受限於環境技術方面的參數，分別致力於或被迫使溫度保持盡可能低，特別是不允許溫度升高超過1250℃的限制。然而，爐操作員也關注於高效的焦化過程，並期望噴嘴磚溫度高達1325℃時的操作模式；焦化效率隨溫度升高而增加，操作溫度越高，爐組在相同輸出下的設計可越緊湊。例如：在工作溫度升高的情況下，只需要建造大約95到98個爐而不是100個爐，這相當於設備節省2%至5%(投資額較低，工廠成本減少5%，涉及例如1億至8億歐元投資額)。 Specifically, nitrogen oxides are respectively released through flue gas generated by the combustion of coke oven gas, or formed during combustion, especially at a nozzle brick temperature of about 1250°C (exhaust gas guide tube groove on the substrate) Above) (so-called thermal formation of NOx). As the temperature increases, the thermal formation of NOx is further promoted or initiated in an exponential manner, respectively, so that the emission of nitrogen oxides largely depends on the thermal conditions in the coke oven. As we all know, by setting a specific temperature state, especially The vertical flue gas in the coke oven guides the flue gas to affect the emission of NOx. The rule of thumb applicable to this is that the higher the temperature, the stronger the NOx emissions. Therefore, furnace operators are limited by environmental technical parameters and are dedicated to or forced to keep the temperature as low as possible, especially not allowing the temperature rise to exceed the limit of 1250°C. However, furnace operators are also concerned about the efficient coking process, and expect the operating mode when the nozzle brick temperature is up to 1325°C; the coking efficiency increases with increasing temperature, the higher the operating temperature, the more the furnace set can be designed at the same output compact. For example: in the case of increased operating temperature, only about 95 to 98 furnaces need to be built instead of 100 furnaces, which is equivalent to equipment savings of 2% to 5% (lower investment and factory cost reduction of 5%, involving for example 100 million to 800 million euros).

因此，試圖分別透過在焦化期間實施降低的溫度水準或透過避免加熱煙道中的溫度峰值，特別是通過調整操作模式來降低NOx的排放是非常不受歡迎的，因為這會導致輸出損失並使焦炭的生產更加不經濟。因此，對於焦爐的爐操作者來說，在非最佳的操作狀態下操作是相當不理想或不可實現的。因此可以接受的是，NOx的排放保持在不利的高水準。然而，爐操作員確實知道，如果能夠在相對適中的溫度降低的情況下將熱能的輸入保持恆定，則這將對NOx的排放產生正面影響，同時提供相當的輸出。 Therefore, attempts to reduce the NOx emissions by implementing reduced temperature levels during coking or by avoiding temperature peaks in the heating flue, especially by adjusting the operating mode, are very undesirable, as this will result in loss of output and make the coke Production is even more uneconomical. Therefore, it is quite undesirable or unrealizable for the operator of the coke oven to operate in a non-optimal operating state. It is therefore acceptable that NOx emissions are kept at an unfavorably high level. However, furnace operators do know that if the input of thermal energy can be kept constant with a relatively moderate temperature drop, this will have a positive effect on NOx emissions while providing a considerable output.

在各種類型的焦爐的情況下，爐操作員必須觀察這些參數。特別地，根據垂直腔室爐和水平腔室爐之間的焦炭的噴射方向進行區分。在水平腔室爐的情況下，焦化是分批進行的。焦化後，焦炭沿水平方向噴射(分批操作)。相對地，垂直腔室爐中的煤在垂直方向上連續地進給和排出(連續操作)。本發明特別關於水平腔室爐。 In the case of various types of coke ovens, the furnace operator must observe these parameters. In particular, the distinction is made according to the direction of coke injection between the vertical chamber furnace and the horizontal chamber furnace. In the case of a horizontal chamber furnace, coking is carried out in batches. After coking, the coke is injected horizontally (batch operation). In contrast, the coal in the vertical chamber furnace is continuously fed and discharged in the vertical direction (continuous operation). The invention particularly relates to a horizontal chamber furnace.

爐室通常具有4至8.5m的高度，其中爐室或加熱管槽的高度也分別由操作模式預先確定。高度影響加熱管槽中的壓差。如果需要較大的壓 差，則必須選擇較大的高度。可以假設溫度必須在整個高度上盡可能保持恆定，因為只有這樣才能設定有效的運行狀態而不會過度增加NOx的排放。溫度梯度應盡可能分別顯著小於40K或40℃，特別是在爐腔中的溫度範圍為1000至1100℃。顯著高於平均溫度的溫度最大值將促進NOx的熱形成。因此，當溫度保持均勻，恰好低於發生NOx的熱形成的溫度時，焦爐可以在高輸出和NOx的低排放之間的最佳折衷下操作。 The furnace chamber usually has a height of 4 to 8.5 m, wherein the height of the furnace chamber or the heating tube groove is also predetermined by the operation mode, respectively. The height affects the pressure difference in the heating tube groove. If you need more pressure If it is poor, you must choose a larger height. It can be assumed that the temperature must remain as constant as possible over the entire height, because only in this way can an effective operating state be set without excessively increasing NOx emissions. As far as possible, the temperature gradient should be significantly less than 40K or 40°C respectively, especially in the temperature range of 1000 to 1100°C in the furnace chamber. A temperature maximum that is significantly higher than the average temperature will promote the thermal formation of NOx. Therefore, when the temperature remains uniform, just below the temperature at which heat formation of NOx occurs, the coke oven can be operated with the best compromise between high output and low NOx emissions.

操作狀態的模擬是一種實用的工具，可以更好地判斷各個最佳化措施的效果。然而，焦爐是相對複雜的設備，在模擬方面具有相應的複雜性。例如，具有新型氣體路徑的新結構可能意味著每次計算需要數週的計算工作量，使得在模擬的情況下也可能產生數年的工作量(例如，在需要超過100種變化的情況下)。因此，出於成本原因，不僅必須在有限的可能性下對技術規模的新措施進行測試，而且即使是簡單的結構措施，也必須首先在許多方面進行檢查，然後才能透過模擬更詳細地研究所述措施。這導致現有爐設計的結構變化，僅能以非常溫和、保守的方式進行。 The simulation of the operating state is a practical tool that can better judge the effects of various optimization measures. However, coke ovens are relatively complex equipment and have corresponding complexity in terms of simulation. For example, a new structure with a new gas path may mean that each calculation requires several weeks of calculation workload, so that in the case of simulation, it may also produce several years of workload (for example, if more than 100 changes are required) . Therefore, for cost reasons, not only must the new measures of technical scale be tested with limited possibilities, but even simple structural measures must be checked in many ways before they can be studied in more detail through simulations Described measures. This leads to structural changes in existing furnace designs that can only be carried out in a very gentle and conservative manner.

迄今為止的措施分別直接在焦爐或其結構設計上進行測試，並且在對輸出進行最佳化的操作模式的情況下也起作用，通常是從向下灌注到向上灌注的加熱煙道的內部煙氣再循環，這是分別由壓差或溫度和密度的差異所驅動的(煙氣的部分體積流動的內部迴路路徑，即所謂的循環流動)，和/或燃燒空氣的分階(stepping)，從而將燃燒氣體分別從不同高度位置的隔板或黏合壁引入加熱煙道中。這裡的分階特別是考慮到以下標準來執行：煤塊上方相鄰爐室內的最高氣體收集室溫度必須低於820℃；頂板表面溫度必須盡可能小於或 等於60℃；爐室壁內部溫差<=40K，特別是在爐底/燃燒爐平面上方500mm和爐室上邊緣下方500mm的高度位置之間。 The measures to date have been tested directly on the coke oven or its structural design, respectively, and also work in the case of an operating mode that optimizes the output, usually from the inside of the heated flue from down to up Flue gas recirculation, which is driven by the pressure difference or the difference in temperature and density (internal circuit path of partial volume flow of flue gas, so-called circulating flow), and/or stepping of combustion air , So that the combustion gases are introduced into the heating flue from the partitions or adhesive walls at different heights respectively. The grading here is carried out especially considering the following criteria: the highest gas collection chamber temperature in the adjacent furnace chamber above the coal block must be lower than 820°C; the surface temperature of the roof must be as low as possible or It is equal to 60℃; the temperature difference inside the furnace wall <= 40K, especially between the height of 500mm above the bottom of the furnace/combustion furnace and 500mm below the upper edge of the furnace.

這裡的循環流動路徑(部分地在加熱管槽的端部處，或者以完全圓周的圓形方式)通常在所謂的雙加熱煙道中實施。分別彼此相鄰地成對佈置的加熱煙道或加熱管槽，特別是垂直對齊的加熱煙道或加熱管槽彼此耦接，其中來自燃燒的加熱管槽的氣體返回到非燃燒的加熱管槽中，氣體僅在上/下反轉點返回，或者在頂部和底部兩者返回。在水平腔室爐的情況下，可以在噴射方向上提供大約24到40個加熱管槽，因此大約有12到20個雙對。可選擇地，在此實施的循環流動可以藉助於壓差以自主方式配置，因此無須任何額外的主動流體調節或支撐。 The circulating flow path here (partially at the end of the heating tube groove, or in a completely circular manner) is usually implemented in a so-called dual heating flue. Heating flues or heating tube slots arranged in pairs adjacent to each other, in particular, vertically aligned heating flues or heating tube slots are coupled to each other, wherein the gas from the burning heating tube slots returns to the non-combusting heating tube slots In the middle, the gas returns only at the up/down reversal point, or returns at both the top and bottom. In the case of a horizontal chamber furnace, about 24 to 40 heating tube slots can be provided in the spray direction, so there are about 12 to 20 double pairs. Alternatively, the circulating flow implemented here can be configured in an autonomous manner by means of the pressure difference, so that no additional active fluid adjustment or support is required.

在1920年代已經開始最佳化循環流動路線，特別是也為了工業規模的均勻熱分佈。自1970年代以來，還更詳細地研究了循環流動路徑對NOx排放的影響。 In the 1920s, optimization of circulating flow routes has begun, especially for industrial-scale uniform heat distribution. Since the 1970s, the effects of circulating flow paths on NOx emissions have also been studied in more detail.

具有在過去大多數情況下使用的循環流動路徑之焦爐的構造可以描述如下。加熱氣體被向上引導，以在流動方向上，於成對的加熱管槽(雙加熱煙道)中上升，因此在燃燒的加熱管槽中，並且在此特別是以多個階段燃燒，所述加熱氣體接著作為煙氣透過平行的廢氣引導管槽向下引導回到基底，並在後者處被抽吸，其中惰性(消耗的)廢氣的部分體積流動在迴路中被引導回向上引導的燃燒的加熱管槽。在此，在上端和下端的加熱管槽在每種情況下可以分別透過廢氣再循環開口或通道彼此耦接，特別是在爐室基底的區域中，其位置至少大約與入口的高度水平相同。因此，可以控制加熱煙道中的平均噴嘴磚溫度，並保持在中等水準(例如，在1240至1300℃的噴嘴磚溫度下)，特 別是透過降低局部火焰溫度(在富氣加熱的情況下高於2000℃，在混合氣體加熱的情況下低於2000℃)，可以降低NOx的排放。可以提及下部通道的以下佈置(高度位置)，例如：在0mm(因此直接在燃燒爐平面的水平處)到燃燒爐平面上方300mm之間。在此的橫截面積通常由約120mm高的層預先確定。基底上的下部通道可以根據需要透過滾輪關閉，滾輪可以在燃燒爐平面上的通道前方滾動。通道有利地透過壁層(間隙或缺少的磚)中的間隙來實現。 The configuration of a coke oven having a circulating flow path used in most cases in the past can be described as follows. The heating gas is directed upwards to rise in the pair of heating tube grooves (dual heating flues) in the direction of flow, and therefore in the burning heating tube groove, and here in particular in multiple stages of combustion, said The heating gas is followed by the flue gas being guided back to the base through the parallel exhaust gas guide tube groove and sucked at the latter, where part of the volumetric flow of inert (consumed) exhaust gas is led back to the upwardly directed combustion Heating tube groove. In this case, the heating tube grooves at the upper and lower ends can in each case be coupled to one another through exhaust gas recirculation openings or channels, in particular in the region of the furnace chamber base, the position of which is at least approximately the same as the height level of the inlet. Therefore, the average nozzle brick temperature in the heating flue can be controlled and maintained at a medium level (for example, at a nozzle brick temperature of 1240 to 1300°C), especially In particular, by reducing the local flame temperature (more than 2000°C in the case of rich gas heating and less than 2000°C in the case of mixed gas heating), NOx emissions can be reduced. The following arrangement (height position) of the lower channel can be mentioned, for example: between 0 mm (hence directly at the level of the burner plane) to 300 mm above the burner plane. The cross-sectional area here is usually predetermined by a layer approximately 120 mm high. The lower channel on the base can be closed by rollers as needed, and the roller can roll in front of the channel on the plane of the furnace. The channel is advantageously realized through the gap in the wall layer (gap or missing brick).

這種加熱管槽分別為成對設置並在垂直方向對齊，或為雙加熱煙道，因此，能夠以相對低的作用力影響溫度曲線，特別是在煙氣的循環路徑的特定適配的情況下。在此總是區分為兩種類型的加熱煙道-加熱管槽：向上灌注、燃燒的加熱管槽；向下灌注的廢氣引導加熱管槽。在上部區域中成對的加熱管槽透過自由開口的橫截面相互連接，因而形成通道，加熱管槽透過該通道彼此流體連接。舉例來說，在富氣加熱的情況下，被引導回燃燒的加熱管槽的煙氣的部分體積流動通常是在向上灌注的加熱管槽中產生的整個煙氣體積的30%至45%。具有循環流動的雙加熱煙道的這種佈置的一個例子是所謂的Combiflame加熱系統，該系統自80年代末以來已經建立起來。於其中執行空氣分階和循環流動路徑的組合。在此之前，直到1980年代中期，執行空氣分階(Otto系統)或循環流動路徑(Koppers系統)。 The heating tube grooves are arranged in pairs and aligned in the vertical direction, or are dual heating flues, therefore, the temperature curve can be affected with a relatively low force, especially in the case of specific adaptation of the flue gas circulation path under. Here, there are always two types of heating flue-heating tube slots: upwardly pouring and burning heating tube slots; downwardly pouring exhaust gas leads to the heating tube slots. In the upper region, the pair of heating tube grooves are connected to each other through a cross section of the free opening, thereby forming a channel through which the heating tube grooves are fluidly connected to each other. For example, in the case of rich gas heating, the partial volume flow of flue gas directed back to the burning heating tube slot is typically 30% to 45% of the entire flue gas volume generated in the upwardly infused heating tube slot. An example of such an arrangement with circulating heating dual-heat flues is the so-called Combiflame heating system, which has been established since the late 1980s. A combination of air grading and circulating flow paths is performed therein. Prior to this, until the mid-1980s, air staging (Otto system) or circulation flow path (Koppers system) was performed.

就本說明書中提到的單一通道而言，這也可以指一對通道，它們成對地設置在相同的高度位置。 As far as the single channel mentioned in this specification is concerned, this can also refer to a pair of channels, which are arranged in pairs at the same height position.

如前所述，燃燒也可以透過分階來進行，其中氣體或空氣分別透過至少一個分階空氣管槽在燃燒爐平面(基底)上方的至少一個高度位置被 引導到相應的加熱煙道中，或者以這種方式排出相應的廢氣。分階燃燒可與循環流動路徑組合。 As mentioned above, combustion can also be carried out in stages, where gas or air is respectively passed through at least one staged air tube slot at least at a height above the plane (base) of the furnace It is led into the corresponding heating flue or the corresponding exhaust gas is discharged in this way. Staged combustion can be combined with circulating flow paths.

如果特別關注直接針對焦爐的措施，熱量的最佳化措施特別是透過最佳化媒介路徑的類型、最佳化焦爐的結構設計以及特別是最佳化相應的爐室之各個壁和相應的加熱煙道(錯縫順磚式砌合(stretcher-bond)壁，隔板)的結構設計來實現，其中焦爐的穩定性與結構設計具有相當大的相關性。結構設計的小措施可對溫度平衡和焦化過程產生很大影響。然而，在特定例子中，每種措施都有非常不利、應避免的副作用，例如，就加熱壁的靜力學、流動阻力或最終流動的流速和溫度分佈而言的副作用。因此可以預期，以下更詳細描述的結構修改只能在嚴格的容許範圍內進行。本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者特別面臨的任務是透過新措施使任何弱化加熱壁複合材料的風險不存在。實際上，取決於操作狀態，高橫向力可作用在每個壁上。例如，在大約75%的碳化時間之後，特別是在位於燃燒爐平面上方約1m高度的錯縫順磚式砌合的壁上產生高的橫向內部壓力(煤批的推進壓力)，這種推進壓力甚至可能導致接頭膨脹，並且由此在各個加熱煙道和(相鄰的)爐室之間產生不希望的繞行流動(伴隨焦爐氣體的遷移和與之相關的CO的形成)。由此，氣體混合物的平衡被破壞。尤其，只有不足量的空氣可用於要被在加熱管槽中燃燒的額外量的氣體。此外，在相鄰的爐腔的情況下，不同的填充時間，例如在每種情況下偏離12小時，也導致相應的壁中不同的橫向力。因此，在減少排放的措施的情況下，爐的穩定性也具有高優先順序。通常透過磚的榫槽(tongue-and-groove)佈置來實現高穩定性。考慮到緊密性，這種結構模式也是較佳的，以便避免繞行流動和過早燃燒。 If special attention is paid to the measures directed at the coke oven, the heat optimization measures are especially through the optimization of the type of media path, the optimization of the structural design of the coke oven, and in particular the optimization of the respective walls of the furnace chamber and the corresponding The structure design of the heating flue (stretcher-bond wall, partition board) is realized, and the stability of the coke oven has a considerable correlation with the structural design. Small measures of structural design can have a great influence on the temperature balance and coking process. However, in specific examples, each measure has very unfavorable side effects that should be avoided, for example, in terms of the statics of the heating wall, the flow resistance or the final flow velocity and temperature distribution. It can therefore be expected that the structural modifications described in more detail below can only be carried out within strict tolerances. The task particularly faced by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains is to eliminate any risk of weakening the heating wall composite material through new measures. In fact, depending on the operating state, high lateral forces can act on each wall. For example, after approximately 75% of the carbonization time, in particular, a high lateral internal pressure (propulsion pressure of coal batch) is generated on the staggered brick-brick wall approximately 1 m high above the burner plane. The pressure may even cause the joints to expand, and thereby produce undesirable bypass flows between the various heating flues and the (adjacent) furnace chamber (with the migration of coke oven gas and the formation of CO associated therewith). As a result, the balance of the gas mixture is destroyed. In particular, only an insufficient amount of air is available for the additional amount of gas to be burned in the heating tube groove. Furthermore, in the case of adjacent furnace chambers, different filling times, for example a deviation of 12 hours in each case, also lead to different lateral forces in the corresponding walls. Therefore, in the case of measures to reduce emissions, the stability of the furnace also has a high priority. High stability is usually achieved through the tongue-and-groove arrangement of bricks. Considering the tightness, this structural mode is also preferable in order to avoid detours and premature combustion.

在一組具有多個爐室的情況下，例如40或60個爐室，與氣體導熱管槽相關的爐室由錯縫順磚式砌合的壁所界定，特別是界定在相應管槽的相對較窄的端側上，特別是透過沿整個相應的爐室延伸的兩個相互相對的錯縫順磚式砌合的壁所界定。在此各個加熱管槽透過所謂的黏合壁(隔板)彼此分隔開，所述黏合壁在錯縫順磚式砌合的壁之間，特別是以與兩個錯縫順磚式砌合的壁垂直的方式延伸，特別是在爐室的相對較寬的一側。三個黏合壁分別將兩個管槽彼此分隔，或者將一個雙加熱煙道與另一個雙加熱煙道分隔。因此，相應的加熱管槽由兩個錯縫順磚式砌合的壁部分和兩個黏合壁所界定。在噴射方向(深度y)上，相應的加熱管槽約為450至550mm長或深(中央到中央)。這裡的錯縫順磚式砌合的壁厚度在例如80至120mm的範圍內。這裡的黏合壁厚度在例如120至150mm的範圍內。 In the case of a group with multiple furnace chambers, such as 40 or 60 furnace chambers, the furnace chambers associated with the gas heat transfer tube slots are defined by staggered brick walls, especially in the corresponding tube slots On the relatively narrow end side, it is defined in particular by two mutually staggered brick-walls extending along the entire corresponding furnace chamber. Here, the individual heating tube slots are separated from each other by a so-called adhesive wall (separator), which is between the staggered brick walls and in particular the two staggered brick walls The walls extend vertically, especially on the relatively wide side of the furnace chamber. Three adhesive walls separate the two tube grooves from each other, or separate one double-heated flue from the other double-heated flue. Therefore, the corresponding heating pipe groove is delimited by two staggered brick-walled wall sections and two adhesive walls. In the spray direction (depth y), the corresponding heating tube groove is about 450 to 550 mm long or deep (center to center). The wall thickness of the staggered brickwork here is in the range of 80 to 120 mm, for example. The thickness of the bonding wall here is in the range of, for example, 120 to 150 mm.

術語「黏合壁」已經在通常使用的語言中建立。在本說明書中，該術語與術語「隔板」同義使用，特別是為了闡明錯縫順磚式砌合的壁和黏合壁/隔板可以相同的結構模式生產，特別是透過在每種情況下由它們的窄側彼此相鄰放置的磚生產。水平腔室爐的「錯縫順磚式砌合的壁」也可以描述為沿噴射方向縱向設置的縱向壁，「黏合壁」也可以描述為橫向(分離)壁，其橫向於噴射方向設置。 The term "glued wall" has been established in commonly used languages. In this specification, the term is used synonymously with the term "separator", especially to clarify that staggered brick-walls and bonded walls/separators can be produced in the same structural mode, especially through in each case Produced from bricks placed next to each other on their narrow sides. The "staggered brick wall" of the horizontal chamber furnace can also be described as a longitudinal wall arranged longitudinally along the spray direction, and the "glued wall" can also be described as a lateral (separation) wall, which is arranged transverse to the spray direction.

燃燒空氣開口和混合氣體開口設置在相應的加熱管體的下側，根據加熱的類型(混合氣體或焦爐氣體加熱)，能夠分別選擇或設定所述燃燒空氣開口和混合氣體開口的功能。焦爐氣體開口通向下側的加熱管槽。在循環流動路徑的情況下，在每種情況下，一對加熱管槽透過設置在爐室下側的廢氣再循環開口彼此連接，這樣就形成具有循環流動路徑的雙加熱煙道。可選擇性 地調節通過廢氣再循環開口的體積流動，特別是透設置在燃燒爐平面中的基底上的調節滾輪，並且其可以重新定位。在黏合壁中提供分階氣體管槽，所述分階氣體管槽在一個或多個高度位置處將燃燒空氣(分階氣體)引入爐室(分別為空氣階段或黏合壁開口)。透過基底側燃燒空氣入口引入爐室的體積流動的通常比例可以表示為30%，透過基底側混合氣體入口的體積流動的通常比例可以表示為30%，透過至少一個分階氣體入口(黏合壁開口)的體積流動的通常比例可以表示為40%。該比例也可以根據輸出要求以類似的方式設定，以便從爐室排出氣體。 The combustion air opening and the mixed gas opening are provided on the lower side of the corresponding heating tube, and the functions of the combustion air opening and the mixed gas opening can be selected or set separately according to the type of heating (mixed gas or coke oven gas heating). The gas opening of the coke oven leads to the heating tube groove on the lower side. In the case of a circulation flow path, in each case, a pair of heating tube grooves are connected to each other through an exhaust gas recirculation opening provided on the lower side of the furnace chamber, thus forming a double heating flue having a circulation flow path. Optional The volumetric flow through the exhaust gas recirculation opening is adjusted in particular, in particular the adjusting roller arranged on the base in the plane of the combustion furnace, and it can be repositioned. A stepped gas tube groove is provided in the bonding wall, which introduces combustion air (stepped gas) into the furnace chamber (air stage or bonding wall opening, respectively) at one or more height positions. The usual proportion of volume flow introduced into the furnace chamber through the base-side combustion air inlet can be expressed as 30%, and the usual proportion of volume flow through the substrate-side mixed gas inlet can be expressed as 30%, through at least one staged gas inlet (bonded wall opening ) The general proportion of volume flow can be expressed as 40%. The ratio can also be set in a similar manner according to the output requirements in order to exhaust gas from the furnace chamber.

可以在廢氣反轉點(再循環通道)上方配置以差熱器(heating differential)方式的繞行流動，以便調整焦化參數。繞行流動可以分別透過特別是水平的壁或頂板與加熱煙道分隔，通道可以透過例如設置在所述頂板中的滑動磚覆蓋或設置在橫截面方面。 A bypass flow in the form of a heating differential can be arranged above the exhaust gas reversal point (recirculation channel) in order to adjust the coking parameters. The bypass flow can be separated from the heating flue by a horizontal wall or a ceiling, respectively, and the channel can be covered by, for example, a sliding brick provided in the ceiling or arranged in cross section.

K.Wessiepe的上述出版物特別討論了具有雙加熱煙道(至少透過上部通道彼此連接的加熱煙道)的爐的措施，其中，在90年代也已經發現，所謂的循環流動佈置可以提供盡可能低的NOx濃度方面的優點。 The above publication of K. Wessiepe specifically discusses measures for furnaces with dual heating flues (at least heating flues connected to each other through the upper channel), where it has also been discovered in the 1990s that the so-called circulating flow arrangement can provide as much as possible Advantages of low NOx concentration.

專利文獻DE 3443976 C2和DE 3812558 C2中討論了最佳循環流速和階段性引入燃燒空氣的有意義高度位置的問題，特別是使用Koppers循環流動爐的實例，可以以示例性方式提及。其中還提到，在加熱煙道底板區域中的高度位置處返回煙氣使得能夠在相應的加熱煙道中降低溫度，從而具有減少NOx排放的效果。 The patent documents DE 3443976 C2 and DE 3812558 C2 discuss the issues of optimal circulation flow rate and meaningful height position of the combustion air introduced in stages, in particular the example of using Koppers circulation flow furnace, which can be mentioned in an exemplary manner. It is also mentioned that returning the flue gas at a height position in the floor area of the heated flue enables the temperature to be reduced in the corresponding heated flue, thus having the effect of reducing NOx emissions.

在2017年8月的第一個和未經審查的公開號CN 107033926 A中描述了一種具有雙加熱煙道的裝置，其具有分階引入燃燒空氣並且具有循環流動開口，所述循環流動開口橫向設置在分階空氣管槽的兩側。 In the first and uncensored publication number CN 107033926 A of August 2017, a device with dual heating flues is described, which has a step-by-step introduction of combustion air and has a circulating flow opening that is transverse Set on both sides of the staged air tube slot.

已用特定類型的氣體傳導部件或填充元件進行實驗，以便能夠影響煉焦爐中的熱量分佈。例如，在專利文獻DE 3916728 C1中，加熱空間(加熱煙道)分別設置有可滲透蜂窩元件或蜂窩網格或卵石床形式的裝置，其中特定類型的煙氣路徑也被認為是部分有利的。該標的是對加熱空間中的流動條件的改進，並且還提出燃燒空氣在不同的高度位置進給。 Experiments have been carried out with specific types of gas conducting parts or filling elements in order to be able to influence the heat distribution in the coke oven. For example, in patent document DE 3916728 C1, heating spaces (heating flues) are provided with devices in the form of permeable honeycomb elements or honeycomb grids or pebble beds, respectively, where certain types of flue gas paths are also considered to be partially advantageous. The target is to improve the flow conditions in the heating space, and it is also proposed to feed the combustion air at different heights.

已用特定塗層進行實驗，以有效地從內表面排出或反射熱能。 Experiments have been conducted with specific coatings to efficiently remove or reflect thermal energy from the inner surface.

直接在焦爐或加熱煙道上或其中的上述措施可分別在此描述為主要措施。必須注意的是，在上述所有措施的情況下，這裡描述的爐通常透過自燃(特別是在800℃以上)進行操作，使得用於冷卻或降低氣體溫度的相應措施只能分別在緊密的參數下或僅在緊密的溫度範圍內進行，特別是為了避免燃燒熄滅。 The above-mentioned measures directly on or in the coke oven or heating flue can be described here as the main measures, respectively. It must be noted that in the case of all the above measures, the furnace described here is usually operated by spontaneous combustion (especially above 800°C), so that the corresponding measures for cooling or lowering the gas temperature can only be under tight parameters Or only in a tight temperature range, especially to avoid burning out.

此外，已測試可在焦爐的下游之後佈置的工廠部件中進行的二次措施，例如，在煙囪(SCR或DeNOx)中使用選擇的催化劑，或者已經抽空的煙氣從煙囪外部返回到焦爐中。獨立於所述下游措施的有效性的問題，後者在許多情況下受挫於極高的成本(高達整個焦爐總投資的50%)或額外的維護工作。這些措施確實有效，但在許多情況下成本太高。 In addition, secondary measures have been tested that can be carried out in factory components arranged downstream of the coke oven, for example, the use of selected catalysts in the chimney (SCR or DeNOx), or flue gas that has been evacuated and returned to the coke oven from outside the chimney in. Independent of the question of the effectiveness of the downstream measures, the latter has in many cases been frustrated by extremely high costs (up to 50% of the total coke oven investment) or additional maintenance work. These measures are indeed effective, but in many cases the cost is too high.

此外，可以提及專利申請DE 4006217 A1，其中描述了多種措施的組合，包括爐中央部分發電機的措施，以及外部煙氣循環流動的兩種措施，目標是均勻加熱狀態和低NOx排放，即使在高爐室的情況下也是如此。 In addition, the patent application DE 4006217 A1 can be mentioned, which describes a combination of various measures, including the measure of the generator in the central part of the furnace, and the two measures of external flue gas circulation, the goal is a uniform heating state and low NOx emissions, even This is also the case in the blast furnace chamber.

尤其是，還考慮了化學、反應型的措施，例如引入CH4氣體或透過注入水來增加水分。然而，不可能在腔室的任意位置處注入水或蒸汽，而特別可能僅以中位方式位於中位高度位置處，並且對所使用的(矽酸鹽)材料具有不利影響。氣體和空氣的再生預熱溫度的增加是一種措施，其同時被認為是耗盡且不經濟的。 In particular, chemical and reactive measures are also considered, such as introducing CH 4 gas or increasing the moisture by injecting water. However, it is impossible to inject water or steam at any position of the chamber, and it is particularly possible to be located at a neutral height position only in a neutral manner, and have an adverse effect on the (silicate) material used. The increase in the regenerative preheating temperature of the gas and air is a measure, which at the same time is considered exhausted and uneconomical.

然而，目前看起來，仍無法想像特別是透過上述內部的主要措施在每種情況下單獨地或漸進地滿足上述要求。因此，將NOx排放降低2至5倍似乎是不可能實現的，至少不是在合理的努力下，因此不是一種經濟的方式。 However, at present it seems that it is still impossible to imagine that the above-mentioned internal main measures are used to meet the above requirements individually or progressively in each case. Therefore, it seems impossible to reduce NOx emissions by 2 to 5 times, at least not with reasonable efforts, and therefore not an economic way.

儘管存在上述問題，但本發明的目的在於分別透過直接在焦爐上或在其結構設計上的措施來最佳化焦爐，特別是透過針對已建立的加熱系統的措施，該加熱系統具有至少一個再循環開口的加熱通道，特別是具有循環流動通道，特別是用以在輸出最佳化的操作模式的情況下獲得能夠操作焦爐的選項，甚至完全沒有下游設備部件。在此可以預期潛在地大的改進潛力，對於爐操作者也具有很大的優點，因此也具有技術概念在市場上成功的良好機會。 Despite the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to optimize the coke oven by measures directly on the coke oven or in its structural design, in particular by measures against the established heating system, which has at least A recirculation opening heating channel, especially with a circulating flow channel, is especially used to obtain the option of being able to operate the coke oven in the case of an output optimized operation mode, even without any downstream equipment parts at all. Here, a potentially large improvement potential can be expected, which also has great advantages for furnace operators, and therefore also a good opportunity for the technical concept to succeed in the market.

本發明的一個目的是提供一種焦爐裝置和一種焦爐裝置的操作方法，透過該裝置，即使在滿負載運行時也可以將NOx的排放保持在低水準，或者在現有的或新的裝置的情況下也可以最小化NOx的排放。其中焦爐裝置能夠有利地實現低水準的NOx排放，較佳地沒有任何下游設備部件。一特別的目的是提供一種焦爐裝置和一種焦爐裝置的操作方法，透過該裝置可由加熱煙道內部的措施減少NOx的排放。 An object of the present invention is to provide a coke oven device and a method of operating the coke oven device, through which the NOx emissions can be kept low even when operating at full load, or in existing or new devices In this case, NOx emissions can also be minimized. The coke oven device can advantageously achieve low levels of NOx emissions, preferably without any downstream equipment components. A particular object is to provide a coke oven device and a method of operating the coke oven device, through which the NOx emissions can be reduced by measures that heat the interior of the flue.

根據本發明，該目的透過一種用於通過煉焦煤或煤混合物生產焦炭的焦爐裝置來實現，其中該焦爐裝置被指定透過該焦爐裝置內部的主要措施藉由焦爐固有氣體或氣流通過內部熱均衡能量或溫度，用於最小化NOx的排放，其具有多個雙加熱煙道，每個加熱煙道具有分別由氣體或燃燒空氣燃燒的加熱管槽(並因此向上灌注)，以及向下灌注的一廢氣引導加熱管槽，所述加熱管槽在每種情況下透過一隔板彼此成對地界定，並且藉由兩個彼此相對的錯縫順磚式砌合的壁與相應的爐室分隔，其中用於在外部循環流動路徑上進行內部廢氣再循環之成對的加熱管槽在每種情況下在上端及下端借助一上部耦接通道和借助一下部耦接通道彼此流體連接，其中在相應的雙加熱煙道之基底的下部區域中，在每種情況下提供選自焦爐氣體入口、燃燒空氣入口、混合氣體入口之群組的至少一個入口；其中相應的隔板具有至少一個進一步耦接下部和上部通道，其設置在比外部循環流動更靠近該等加熱管槽之高度中央的更中位高度的位置，並被指定一附加的向上或向下內部循環流動，用於在一附加的內部循環流動路徑上形成一惰性中間層。循環流動路徑的其他實施例尤其在不同高度位置處提供高可變性和強烈效果，這在高爐室的情況下特別有利。這裡的效果延伸到兩個加熱管槽，其中執行用於圍繞整個圓周的封閉循環流動的措施。 According to the invention, this object is achieved by a coke oven device for the production of coke by coking coal or coal mixtures, wherein the coke oven device is designated to pass through the main measures inside the coke oven device through the coke oven inherent gas or gas flow Internal heat equalization energy or temperature for minimizing NOx emissions. It has multiple dual-heated flues, each of which has a heating tube groove (and therefore upward injection) that is burned by gas or combustion air, respectively, and An exhaust gas pouring underneath guides the heating tube grooves, which in each case are delimited in pairs with each other by a partition, and by two staggered brick-bracketed walls facing each other and the corresponding Furnace compartment separation, in which pairs of heating tube slots for internal exhaust gas recirculation on the external circulation flow path are in each case fluidly connected to each other at the upper and lower ends by means of an upper coupling channel and by means of a lower coupling channel , Wherein in the lower region of the base of the corresponding dual-heated flue, at least one inlet selected from the group of coke oven gas inlet, combustion air inlet, mixed gas inlet is provided in each case; wherein the corresponding partition has At least one is further coupled to the lower and upper channels, which is located closer to the center of the height of the heating tube grooves than the external circulation flow, and is assigned an additional upward or downward internal circulation flow, used An inert intermediate layer is formed on an additional internal circulation flow path. Other embodiments of the circulation flow path provide high variability and strong effects especially at different height positions, which is particularly advantageous in the case of blast furnace chambers. The effect here extends to two heating tube slots, in which measures for a closed circulation flow around the entire circumference are performed.

溫度的分佈，特別是在基底區域中的溫度分佈可以由此均勻化。已被特別證明，透過附加的再循環通道可有效地避免在特定高度位置處的溫度峰值，特別是沒有加熱壁複合材料的任何弱化的風險。換句話說，可透過氣體在加熱管槽之間的隔板中形成絕熱中間層，來自下降的加熱管槽的廢氣/煙氣的部分體積流動能夠被引導通過所述中間層並再次被引導回上升的加熱管槽，其中具有燃燒延遲效應的燃燒惰性中間流動能夠借助於中間層而產生。 The temperature distribution, in particular in the base region, can thus be homogenized. It has been particularly proven that through additional recirculation channels, temperature peaks at specific height positions can be effectively avoided, especially without any risk of weakening of the heated wall composite. In other words, the permeable gas forms an insulating intermediate layer in the partition between the heating tube slots, and the partial volume flow of exhaust gas/flue gas from the descending heating tube slots can be directed through the intermediate layer and again led back A rising heating tube slot in which a combustion inert intermediate flow with a combustion delay effect can be produced by means of an intermediate layer.

根據一個示例性實施例，附加的內部循環流動路徑透過成對的下部和/或上部通道延伸，所述下部和/或上部通道在每個情況下成對地設置在至少近似相同的高度位置。這在橫跨大寬度的x方向上提供均勻的溫度分佈。在相同的高度位置也可以選擇性地設置兩個或三個以上的通道。根據一個示例性實施例，借助於通道形成至少一個另外的內部循環流動路徑，在外部循環流動路徑上的至少兩個外部循環流動的流動圍繞該內部循環流動路徑。多個冗餘的循環流動的提供特別均勻的溫度分佈並實現高可變性。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the additional internal circulation flow path extends through the pair of lower and/or upper channels, which in each case are arranged in pairs at least at approximately the same height. This provides a uniform temperature distribution in the x direction across the large width. At the same height position, two or more than three channels can be selectively provided. According to an exemplary embodiment, at least one further internal circulation flow path is formed by means of a channel, the flow of at least two external circulation flows on the external circulation flow path surrounding the internal circulation flow path. Multiple redundant circulation flows provide particularly uniform temperature distribution and achieve high variability.

根據一個示例性實施例，對應於加熱管槽的寬度(x)設置至少一個廢氣再循環通道，因此介於錯縫順磚式砌合的壁之間，以比至少一個入口更中心(更靠近加熱管槽的中位縱軸)，並且限定一中心或更中心的流動路徑，透過所述入口進入的至少一種氣體的流動圍繞所述流動路徑循環。特別地，至少所有下部廢氣再循環通道比所有入口更中心。該廢氣再循環流動路徑被設置成分別比進入的氣體的相應流動路徑或流入路徑更中心。在這方面，主要可最佳化加熱管槽中的熱分佈，特別是均勻化。結果，以流體和熱能方式的相應焦爐氣體入口可對應於至少一個通道或入口設置。效果：藉由內部氣體流動，透過內部流體措施，影響熱的分佈和氣體的混合，特別是在基底區域中。不需要外部措施。這裡的內部措施可以是純粹被動的措施，特別是純粹的結構措施。得力於結構措施，流動條件可以自主方式設定。此外，這也便於裝置的操作。可以與迄今為止的方式相當的方式執行控制/調節爐。 According to an exemplary embodiment, at least one exhaust gas recirculation channel is provided corresponding to the width (x) of the heating pipe groove, and thus is interposed between the staggered and bricked walls to be more central (closer) than at least one inlet Heating the central longitudinal axis of the tube slot) and defining a central or more central flow path around which the flow of at least one gas entering through the inlet circulates. In particular, at least all lower exhaust gas recirculation channels are more central than all inlets. The exhaust gas recirculation flow path is set to be more central than the corresponding flow path or inflow path of the incoming gas, respectively. In this respect, it is mainly possible to optimize the heat distribution in the heating tube groove, in particular to homogenize. As a result, the corresponding coke oven gas inlets in the form of fluids and thermal energy may be provided corresponding to at least one channel or inlet. Effect: Through the internal gas flow, through the internal fluid measure, affect the heat distribution and gas mixing, especially in the base area. No external measures are required. The internal measures here can be purely passive measures, especially purely structural measures. Thanks to structural measures, the flow conditions can be set independently. In addition, this also facilitates the operation of the device. The control/regulation of the furnace can be performed in a manner comparable to hitherto.

在此，相對的隔板之間的相應入口之y位置在每種情況下較佳地至少幾乎是中心的。已經證明，y位置應附屬於x位置選擇，並且可以在很大程 度上獨立於x位置進行選擇，特別是根據相應的結構優點，或取決於所需的流入角度。 In this case, the y position of the corresponding inlet between the opposing partitions is preferably at least almost central in each case. It has been proved that the y position should be attached to the x position selection, and can be The degree is selected independently of the x position, especially according to the corresponding structural advantages, or depending on the required inflow angle.

在此，相應的上部通道設置在任選存在差熱器之處的下方，特別是延伸於x-z平面的隔板中。相對地，差熱器的開口設置在延伸於x-y平面的隔板中。不一定要提供下部通道。 In this case, the corresponding upper channel is arranged below where the differential heater is optionally present, in particular in the partition extending in the x-z plane. In contrast, the opening of the differential heater is provided in a partition extending in the x-y plane. It is not necessary to provide a lower channel.

由於通道/複數通道的理想中心配置，當在x-y平面中觀察時，可以在附加的內部循環流動路徑上提供具有圍繞後者的環繞流動的一內部循環流動，該循環流動路徑具有圍繞後者的環繞流動，所述內部循環流動路徑在外部透過至少一種進入的氣體或者透過在外部循環流動路徑上的外部循環流動而具有一(更偏心的)環繞流動。 Due to the ideal center configuration of the channel/plural channel, when viewed in the xy plane, an internal circulating flow with surrounding flow around the latter can be provided on the additional internal circulating flow path with the surrounding flow around the latter The internal circulation flow path has a (more eccentric) surrounding flow through the outside through at least one incoming gas or through the external circulation flow on the external circulation flow path.

在不提供透過一個或多個下部通道的再循環的情況下，術語「循環流動」或「循環流動路徑」分別也可關於圍繞整個圓周不閉合的流動，而僅繞過例如圓形的180°或270°。 Without providing recirculation through one or more lower channels, the terms "circulating flow" or "circulating flow path" may also refer to a flow that does not close around the entire circumference, but only bypasses, for example, a circular 180° Or 270°.

這些措施尤其能夠實現燃燒惰性和混合延遲中間層，以及實現在基底區域中的冷卻，並且可以分別直接在焦爐上或在其結構設計上進行，特別是在加熱系統上，不需要任何下游設備部件。特別地，燃燒爐平面和最下面的通道之間的溫度最大值也可以降低。特別地，在平均煤批溫度在1000℃範圍內，最高溫度可以在1050℃的範圍內，並且在任何情況下低於1100℃的情況下，可達成在加熱管槽的整個高度保持顯著低於50K的溫差的目的。透過這些措施，可以實現對應於350至500ppm NOx(在5% O2下)的當前水準，將NOx還原在70%至80%範圍內的潛力。特別地，可以實施低於100ppm的NOx(在5% O2下)的水準。此外，在相同的輸出下，耐火材料的量可降低多達5%。 因此，該技術解決方案在經濟方面也引起相當興趣。爐操作員可以在相對低的NOx排放下分別以高輸出或高噴嘴磚溫度操作爐。 These measures are especially able to achieve combustion inertness and mixing delay intermediate layers, as well as cooling in the base area, and can be carried out directly on the coke oven or on its structural design, especially on the heating system, without any downstream equipment part. In particular, the maximum temperature between the burner plane and the lowermost channel can also be reduced. In particular, in the case where the average coal batch temperature is in the range of 1000°C, the maximum temperature may be in the range of 1050°C, and in any case below 1100°C, it can be achieved that the entire height of the heating tube tank remains significantly below The purpose of the 50K temperature difference. Through these measures, the potential to reduce the NOx in the range of 70% to 80% corresponding to the current level of 350 to 500 ppm NOx (under 5% O 2 ) can be achieved. In particular, a level of NOx (under 5% O 2 ) below 100 ppm can be implemented. In addition, at the same output, the amount of refractory can be reduced by as much as 5%. Therefore, the technical solution has also attracted considerable interest in economic terms. Furnace operators can operate the furnace at high output or high nozzle brick temperature with relatively low NOx emissions, respectively.

本說明書中描述的措施尤其可關於在15小時和28小時之間在填充程序和噴射程序之間具有腔室操作時間的焦爐，或者具有加熱煙道溫度或噴嘴磚溫度的焦爐，其分別在約1200至1350℃的範圍內。 The measures described in this specification may relate in particular to coke ovens with chamber operating time between the filling procedure and the injection procedure between 15 and 28 hours, or coke ovens with heating flue temperature or nozzle brick temperature, which respectively In the range of about 1200 to 1350°C.

迄今為止，將各個再循環開口設置成靠近錯縫順磚式砌合的壁是常見的。將入口中心地設置在基底座同樣也是常見的。在本發明的上下文最佳化NOx排放的研究中，已經證明高燃燒溫度導致焦爐氣體與燃燒空氣一起形成已位於爐室下部區域的非常熱的氣體混合物。由於根據本發明的入口的定位，可以避免溫度峰值。這種佈置還可以在廢氣反轉點(通道)上方配有差熱器(繞行流動)。可選擇地，設置在下游的設備部件可以進一步降低NOx的排放，達到仍然可以經濟的方式實現的程度。 To date, it has been common to arrange each recirculation opening close to the staggered brickwork wall. It is also common to center the entrance on the base. In the study of optimizing NOx emissions in the context of the present invention, it has been demonstrated that the high combustion temperature causes the coke oven gas together with the combustion air to form a very hot gas mixture already located in the lower region of the furnace chamber. Due to the positioning of the inlet according to the invention, temperature peaks can be avoided. This arrangement can also be equipped with a differential heater (bypass flow) above the exhaust gas reversal point (channel). Alternatively, equipment components located downstream can further reduce NOx emissions to the extent that they can still be achieved in an economical manner.

這裡的加熱管槽也可被描述為加熱軸。向下的相應加熱管槽由基底所界定，所述基底也被稱為燃燒爐平面，即使在其中沒有使用燃燒爐時(特別是在高於800℃的溫度下自燃)。 The heating tube groove here can also be described as a heating shaft. The corresponding heating tube grooves downwards are defined by a base, which is also called a burner plane, even when no burner is used in it (especially spontaneous combustion at a temperature higher than 800°C).

這裡的加熱管槽應被理解為用於雙加熱煙道的兩個垂直加熱煙道之非常特定的垂直加熱煙道的術語。這裡的加熱煙道應被理解為雙加熱煙道的兩個垂直加熱煙道中的任何一個。在焦爐相應的操作狀態中，加熱管槽以向上方式點火或向下灌注。在解釋的各個上下文中，氣體流動的方向是不相關的，因此在此使用術語加熱煙道而不是術語加熱管槽。因此，術語加熱煙道可關於向上灌注的加熱管槽或向下灌注的加熱管槽。 The heating tube slot here should be understood as the term for the very specific vertical heating flue of the two vertical heating flues used for the dual heating flue. The heating flue here should be understood as any one of the two vertically heating flues of the dual heating flue. In the corresponding operating state of the coke oven, the heating tube groove is ignited in an upward manner or poured downward. In each context explained, the direction of gas flow is irrelevant, so the term heating flue is used here rather than the term heating tube slot. Therefore, the term heating flue may refer to a heating tube slot that is poured upward or a heating tube slot that is poured downward.

本文的煤混合物應被理解為主要由不同的煤種類組成的混合物，其中混合物還可包含，例如，至少一種來自以下群組的添加劑：石油焦炭、油、瀝青品種(例如，以舊輪胎、煤塵和焦炭粉末的形式)、黏合劑或焦化劑(例如，糖蜜、油殘餘物、纖維素類添加劑、亞硫酸鹽或硫酸鹽化合物或鹼液)，其中混合物也可包含生物質。 The coal mixture herein should be understood as a mixture mainly composed of different coal types, wherein the mixture may also contain, for example, at least one additive from the following group: petroleum coke, oil, asphalt varieties (for example, used tires, coal dust And coke powder), binders or coking agents (eg, molasses, oil residues, cellulose-based additives, sulfite or sulfate compounds or lye), where the mixture may also contain biomass.

在沒有其他參考的情況下，管槽、入口、通道或噴嘴的間距細節在每種情況下係參考相應的中位縱向軸線，並且磚石或牆壁的間距細節在每種情況下係參考內表面。 In the absence of other references, the details of the spacing of the ducts, inlets, channels or nozzles in each case refer to the corresponding median longitudinal axis, and the details of the spacing of masonry or walls refer to the inner surface in each case .

已經證明，根據本發明的空氣或氣體路徑不僅可以在雙加熱煙道的情況下實施，而且在所謂的四煙道爐或替代佈置的情況下也可以實施，其中流體耦合的加熱煙道的概念被應用並且特別是在加熱煙道分別成對耦合的情況下成倍增加。 It has been shown that the air or gas path according to the invention can be implemented not only in the case of dual heating flues, but also in the case of so-called four flue furnaces or alternative arrangements, where the concept of fluidly coupled heating flues It is applied and in particular increases exponentially if the heating flues are coupled in pairs.

引入的燃燒空氣或加熱氣體用於在基底區域或特定的階段高度位置產生所需的製程熱量。 The introduced combustion air or heating gas is used to generate the required process heat at the base area or at a specific stage height position.

已經證明，根據本發明的佈置還能夠免除多個分階空氣入口(特別是在僅提供單個氣體分階的情況下)，特別是在爐室高度低於8m的情況下。因此，根據本發明的下部基底側入口的位置的變化能夠分別減少爐在另一位置處的結構作用力或複雜性。 It has been shown that the arrangement according to the invention can also eliminate multiple staged air inlets (especially if only a single gas stage is provided), especially if the furnace chamber height is below 8 m. Therefore, the change in the position of the lower base-side inlet according to the present invention can respectively reduce the structural force or complexity of the furnace at another position.

相應的隔板的寬度(壁厚)較佳為80至200mm，更佳為120至150mm。相應的錯縫順磚式砌合的壁的寬度(壁厚)較佳為80至120mm。這在每種情況下都提供足夠強的絕緣和穩定性。 The width (wall thickness) of the corresponding separator is preferably 80 to 200 mm, and more preferably 120 to 150 mm. The width (wall thickness) of the corresponding staggered brick wall is preferably 80 to 120 mm. This provides sufficiently strong insulation and stability in each case.

獨立於所描述的各個最佳化措施，用於將來自在隔板中延伸的分階空氣管槽的燃燒空氣引入至加熱管槽中的至少一個燃燒空氣入口或分階空氣入口可被提供在隔板中至少一個燃燒階段高度位置處。 Independent of the various optimization measures described, at least one combustion air inlet or staged air inlet for introducing combustion air from the stepped air tube slot extending in the partition into the heating tube slot may be provided at the partition At least one combustion stage height position in the plate.

在此，加熱煙道基底的下部區域可對應於燃燒爐平面，或者對應於砌體爐(2至3個壁層)的最多2至3層磚的高度範圍，在大約120mm的範圍內的相應層的高度處。根據本說明書所定義的基底區域也可以延伸，例如高達1200mm的高度。基底區域較佳地定義為從燃燒爐平面到燃燒爐平面上方的高度100到最大800mm的區域。在此，本說明書中的高度細節係關於燃燒爐平面，因此係關於相應的加熱管槽的最低點。下部通道是限定循環流動或流動的下部反轉點的通道，特別是在上部通道下方。相應的下部通道不一定要設置在基底區域中。 Here, the lower region of the heating flue base may correspond to the plane of the combustion furnace, or to the height range of up to 2 to 3 layers of bricks in the masonry furnace (2 to 3 wall layers), corresponding in the range of about 120 mm At the height of the layer. The base area defined according to this specification can also extend, for example up to a height of 1200 mm. The base area is preferably defined as the area from the burner plane to the height above the burner plane from 100 to a maximum of 800 mm. Here, the high details in this description relate to the burner plane, and therefore to the lowest point of the corresponding heating tube groove. The lower channel is a channel that defines the circulation flow or the lower reversal point of the flow, especially below the upper channel. The corresponding lower channel does not have to be arranged in the base area.

根據一個示例性實施例，所有廢氣再循環通道設置成比至少一個入口更中心。這使得能夠特別有效地與錯縫順磚式砌合的壁分離。根據一個示例性實施例，至少一個廢氣再循環通道設置成比所有入口更中心。這使得錯縫順磚式砌合的壁能夠透過來自進入的新氣體之氣毯與再循環廢氣分隔。根據一個示例性實施例，所有廢氣再循環通道設置成比所有入口更中心。這提供了特別有效的安排。 According to an exemplary embodiment, all exhaust gas recirculation channels are arranged more centrally than at least one inlet. This makes it particularly effective to separate from the staggered brickwork wall. According to an exemplary embodiment, at least one exhaust gas recirculation channel is arranged more centrally than all inlets. This allows the staggered brickwork walls to be separated from the recirculated exhaust gas by the blanket of incoming new gas. According to an exemplary embodiment, all exhaust gas recirculation channels are arranged more centrally than all inlets. This provides a particularly effective arrangement.

根據一個示例性實施例，包括焦爐氣體入口的至少兩個入口設置在耦接通道/通道的兩側，以流出通道/通道的循環流動設置在更向內的循環流動路徑上，比透過相應入口引入的氣體的流入路徑更靠近加熱管槽的中位縱向軸線這樣的方式更靠近架鍵結的壁。由此可以特別防止焦爐氣體和燃燒空氣或混合氣體的過度突然地混合。 According to an exemplary embodiment, at least two inlets including a coke oven gas inlet are provided on both sides of the coupling channel/channel, and the circulating flow of the outflow channel/channel is provided on a more inward circulating flow path than through the corresponding The inflow path of the gas introduced at the inlet is closer to the central longitudinal axis of the heating tube groove in such a way as to be closer to the wall of the frame bond. As a result, excessive sudden mixing of coke oven gas and combustion air or mixed gas can be prevented.

根據一個示例性實施例，至少兩個入口設置在耦接通道的兩側，以入口之間的相應的廢氣再循環通道被設置成分別透過入口橫向地包括或限定，以及至少三個或四個向上流動的部分流動至少橫跨特定高度部分(特別是在0到1000mm的高度範圍內)運行，以至少幾乎相互平行或至少彼此相鄰這樣的方式，更靠近錯縫順磚式砌合的壁，使得在該高度部分中的延遲混合形成在相應的加熱管槽中的流動路徑上。更完全的混合僅在該高度部分上方進行。 According to an exemplary embodiment, at least two inlets are provided on both sides of the coupling channel, with corresponding exhaust gas recirculation channels between the inlets being arranged to include or define laterally through the inlets, and at least three or four The upward flow part of the flow runs at least across a certain height part (especially in the height range of 0 to 1000mm), closer to the staggered brick wall in such a way that it is at least almost parallel to each other or at least adjacent to each other , So that the delayed mixing in this height portion is formed on the flow path in the corresponding heating tube groove. More complete mixing is only performed above this height portion.

根據一個示例性實施例，相應的焦爐氣體入口設置成與相應的錯縫順磚式砌合的壁相鄰，和/或相應的燃燒空氣入口與焦爐氣體入口相對設置，以與相應的錯縫順磚式砌合的壁相鄰。這種相對於錯縫順磚式砌合的壁盡可能接近的佈置使得能夠在基底區域中進行中心再循環，這對均勻的熱分佈提供了優勢。已經特別證明，各個氣流的混合可以分別因此而延遲，或者可以因此而進一步重新定位到更高的高度位置。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the corresponding coke oven gas inlet is disposed adjacent to the corresponding staggered brick-walled wall, and/or the corresponding combustion air inlet is disposed opposite the coke oven gas inlet to correspond to the corresponding Staggered brick walls are adjacent to each other. This arrangement as close as possible to the staggered brickwork walls enables central recirculation in the base area, which provides advantages for a uniform heat distribution. It has been proven in particular that the mixing of the individual airflows can be delayed accordingly, or it can be further repositioned to a higher height position.

根據一個示例性實施例，相應的燃燒空氣和/或混合氣體入口設置成與相應的錯縫順磚式砌合的壁相鄰，且相應的廢氣再循環通道設置在中位，特別是相對於相應的加熱管槽中的中位縱向軸線鏡像對稱。這種最佳化措施的組合提供了特別強大的效果。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the corresponding combustion air and/or mixed gas inlets are arranged adjacent to the corresponding staggered brick-walled walls, and the corresponding exhaust gas recirculation channels are arranged in a neutral position, in particular relative to The median longitudinal axis in the corresponding heating tube groove is mirror-symmetrical. This combination of optimization measures provides a particularly powerful effect.

根據一個示例性實施例，相應的隔板具有至少一個另外的耦接下部和/或上部通道，其設置在比外側循環流動路徑更靠近加熱槽之高度中央的更中位高度位置(在z方向更中位)，並且被指定用於在氣體和空氣體積流動之間的中心流動路徑上形成內部惰性中間層。流動路徑可形成或補充循環流動。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the corresponding partition has at least one additional coupling lower and/or upper channel, which is disposed at a more central height position (in the z direction) closer to the center of the height of the heating tank than the outer circulation flow path More central), and is designated to form an internal inert intermediate layer on the central flow path between gas and air volume flow. The flow path can form or supplement circulating flow.

根據本發明，透過單個附加的通道已可實現降低NOx的顯著效果。廢氣或廢氣的較大體積流動可分別以這種方式導入向上灌注的加熱槽中，特別是在不同的高度位置，特別是在基底區域的遠處，使局部溫度降低並且寬度和/或高度的溫度分佈均勻化。 According to the present invention, a significant additional effect of NOx reduction has been achieved through a single additional channel. The exhaust gas or the larger volume flow of the exhaust gas can be introduced into the upwardly filled heating tank in this way, especially at different height positions, especially at a distance from the base area, so that the local temperature decreases and the width and/or height The temperature distribution is homogenized.

根據本發明，相應的隔板可以具有至少一個另外的耦接通道，該耦接通道設置在比外側循環流動路徑更靠內，更靠近加熱管槽的高度的中央，並且被指定用於在氣體和空氣體積流動之間形成內部惰性中間層(作用於燃燒技術或混合技術方面)。這使得即使在相對高的高度位置也能夠獲得均勻的溫度分佈。 According to the present invention, the corresponding partition may have at least one additional coupling channel that is disposed more inside than the outer circulation flow path, closer to the center of the height of the heating tube groove, and is designated for use in the gas Form an internal inert intermediate layer between the volume flow of air (acting on combustion technology or mixing technology). This makes it possible to obtain a uniform temperature distribution even at relatively high altitude positions.

已經證明，將至少一個另外的廢氣再循環通道(用於返回的廢氣體積流動透過黏合壁回到向上灌注的加熱管槽)設置在分階空氣入口和加熱管槽的基底側進氣口之間的高度位置處的流動條件是有利的。根據本發明，具有隔熱功能的惰性分離層可透過內部引入內部循環的惰性廢氣形成，這具有在後續階段延遲混合的效果。特別地，可以形成分離層狀層，其防止交叉混合或至少將所述交叉混合再次向上重新定位到更高的高度位置。 It has been shown that at least one additional exhaust gas recirculation channel (for the volume flow of the exhaust gas returning through the adhesive wall back to the upwardly filled heating pipe groove) is provided between the staged air inlet and the base side air inlet of the heating pipe groove The flow conditions at the height position are favorable. According to the present invention, an inert separation layer having a heat insulation function can be formed by introducing inert exhaust gas internally circulated inside, which has the effect of delaying the mixing at a subsequent stage. In particular, a separate layered layer may be formed, which prevents cross-mixing or at least repositions the cross-mixing upward again to a higher height position.

本發明還基於如下概念：廢氣還可以另外在比上端和下端更低的壓差下被引導到相應加熱管槽的更中位的高度位置，在繞行的意義上，對應於最向外的廢氣再循環通道進一步向內。特別是由於較低的壓差，由外部循環流動構成的進一步向內的繞行或循環流動不會降低外部循環流動，或者不可察覺地降低外部循環流動。然而，仍可以有效的方式執行對熱傳遞或局部溫度的影響。 The invention is also based on the concept that the exhaust gas can additionally be directed to a more central height position of the corresponding heating tube groove at a lower pressure difference than the upper and lower ends, in the sense of detour, corresponding to the most outward The exhaust gas recirculation channel goes further inward. In particular, due to the lower pressure difference, the further inward detour or circulation flow constituted by the external circulation flow does not reduce the external circulation flow, or imperceptibly reduces the external circulation flow. However, the effect on heat transfer or local temperature can still be performed in an effective manner.

已經特別證明，即使在一個或多個內部循環流動路徑的情況下，也不存在使外部循環流動短路的風險，或者在體積流動方面過度減小外部循環流動的風險。可以有效地避免與外部循環流動或在各個通道之間短路，特別是因為通道之間的間距和/或直徑比例適合於相應的爐中的壓力條件。還可以控制在相反方向上配置循環流動的風險，特別是因為利用了進入的氣體的流動脈衝。 It has been specifically demonstrated that even in the case of one or more internal circulation flow paths, there is no risk of short-circuiting the external circulation flow, or excessively reducing the risk of external circulation flow in terms of volumetric flow. It is possible to effectively avoid circulating circulation with the outside or short-circuit between the individual channels, in particular because the spacing and/or diameter ratio between the channels is suitable for the pressure conditions in the corresponding furnace. It is also possible to control the risk of configuring circulating flow in the opposite direction, especially because the flow pulse of the incoming gas is utilized.

根據一個示例性實施例，相應的隔板具有至少一個另外的耦接下部和上部廢氣再循環通道，其設置在比外部循環流動更靠近加熱管槽的高度中央更中位高度位置，並且被指定用於額外的向上或向下內部繞行循環流動(附加再循環)，用於在附加的內部繞行循環流動路徑上的氣體和空氣體積流動之間形成內部惰性中間層(作用於燃燒技術或混合技術方面)，其中內部惰性中間層由外部循環流動路徑所界定。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the corresponding partition has at least one additional coupling lower and upper exhaust gas recirculation channel, which is disposed at a more central height position closer to the height of the heating pipe groove than the external circulation flow, and is designated Used for additional upward or downward internal bypass circulation flow (additional recirculation), used to form an internal inert intermediate layer between the gas and air volume flow on the additional internal bypass circulation flow path (acting on combustion technology or Hybrid technology aspect), where the internal inert intermediate layer is defined by the external circulation flow path.

根據一個示例性實施例，相應的隔板具有多個另外的耦接廢氣再循環通道，其設置在隔板中的至少一個空氣階段的上方和下方，並且被指定用於進一步向內的至少兩個另外的繞行循環流動，比圍繞一個或多個空氣階段的外側循環流動更接近加熱煙道高度的中央，用於在附加的內部繞行循環流動路徑上的氣體和空氣體積流動之間形成一個或多個內部惰性中間層(作用於燃燒技術或混合技術方面)，其中相應的內部惰性中間層較佳地由外部循環流動路徑所界定。這使得能夠在不同高度位置處對流動和溫度分佈進行分階的影響，而與分階空氣管槽無關。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the corresponding partition has a plurality of additional coupling exhaust gas recirculation channels, which are provided above and below at least one air stage in the partition and are designated for at least two further inwards An additional bypass circulation flow, closer to the center of the height of the heated flue than the outer circulation flow surrounding one or more air stages, is used to form between the volume flow of gas and air on the additional internal bypass circulation flow path One or more internal inert intermediate layers (acting on combustion technology or mixing technology), wherein the corresponding internal inert intermediate layer is preferably defined by an external circulation flow path. This enables a stepped effect on the flow and temperature distribution at different height positions, regardless of the stepped air tube slot.

根據本發明，特別得力於在至少一個惰性中間層中以層流條件為主，可以防止或至少延遲返回的廢氣與新引入的氣體的交叉混合。交叉混合 的延遲可以根據流動條件以或多或少的有效方式進行，但是特別是至少以在NOx形成區域之上最早進行交叉混合這樣的方式進行。在能量和經濟方面有利的循環流動路徑的概念還可以有利地進一步充分利用於非常高的火焰溫度主導的情況，且因此應用於富氣加熱的情況。 According to the present invention, it is particularly effective that the laminar flow conditions prevail in at least one inert intermediate layer, which can prevent or at least delay the cross-mixing of the returned exhaust gas with the newly introduced gas. Cross-mix The delay can be carried out in a more or less effective way depending on the flow conditions, but especially at least in such a way as to cross-mix at the earliest above the NOx formation region. The concept of an energy and economically advantageous circulation flow path can also be advantageously further fully utilized in the case where very high flame temperatures dominate, and therefore apply to the case of rich gas heating.

根據一個示例性實施例，在高度方向上的下部和任選地上部廢氣再循環通道被配置為橫跨至少2至5個壁層，特別是橫跨至少3至4個壁層，和/或橫跨最多8至10個壁層。這在結構的足夠穩定性和再循環氣體的足夠流動阻力或流速之間提供了良好的折衷。根據一個示例性實施例，在高度方向上的相應的下部/最下部廢氣再循環通道延伸穿過多個壁層或耐火層，特別是橫跨至少2至5個壁層。這也可以實現足夠的流動分佈。現有結構中的整合也可以簡單的方式執行。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the lower and optionally upper exhaust gas recirculation channels in the height direction are configured to span at least 2 to 5 wall layers, in particular at least 3 to 4 wall layers, and/or Across up to 8 to 10 wall layers. This provides a good compromise between sufficient stability of the structure and sufficient flow resistance or flow rate of the recirculated gas. According to an exemplary embodiment, the corresponding lower/lowermost exhaust gas recirculation channels in the height direction extend through a plurality of wall layers or refractory layers, in particular across at least 2 to 5 wall layers. This can also achieve a sufficient flow distribution. Integration in existing structures can also be performed in a simple manner.

根據一個示例性實施例，在x方向上的內部惰性中間層設置成分別比流入氣體的流動路徑更內部或更中心，並且分別比外部循環流動路徑更靠中位或在更中位的高度位置。這有利於在相應的相關高度位置中的分階影響。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the inner inert intermediate layer in the x direction is arranged to be more internal or more central than the flow path of the inflowing gas, respectively, and to be more neutral or at a more neutral height position than the external circulation flow path, respectively . This facilitates the effect of ordering in the corresponding relative height positions.

根據一個示例性實施例，廢氣再循環通道設置在加熱管槽的中位寬度(x)的區域中，特別是與中位縱向軸線的間距x小於加熱管槽寬度的30或20或10%。以上根據惰性中間層解釋的優點由此產生。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the exhaust gas recirculation channel is arranged in the area of the median width (x) of the heating pipe groove, in particular the distance x from the median longitudinal axis is less than 30 or 20 or 10% of the width of the heating pipe groove. The advantages explained above based on the inert intermediate layer result from this.

根據一個示例性實施例，相應的下部廢氣再循環通道設置在相應的焦爐氣體入口和相應的燃燒空氣和/或混合氣體入口之間。這實現了上述對溫度和流動分佈的影響，特別是在基底區域，特別是各個氣流的分離。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the corresponding lower exhaust gas recirculation channel is provided between the corresponding coke oven gas inlet and the corresponding combustion air and/or mixed gas inlet. This achieves the aforementioned effects on temperature and flow distribution, especially in the base area, especially the separation of the individual gas flows.

根據一個示例性實施例，相應的焦爐氣體入口設置成比加熱煙道寬度(相對的錯縫順磚式砌合的壁之間的間隔x)的三分之一更靠近錯縫順 磚式砌合的壁，特別是距離錯縫順磚式砌合的壁的內表面的間距x為10至350mm，特別是小於300mm，其中相應的下部廢氣再循環通道設置成分別比加熱煙道的寬度的三分之一更靠近加熱煙道的中央或中位縱向軸線，特別是間距x為30至300mm。這提供了氣流的有效分離。流動路徑可以平行流動而不會發生交叉混合，或者在後者出現之前出現。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the corresponding coke oven gas inlet is arranged closer to the staggered flow than one-third of the width of the heating flue (the relative staggered gap between the brick-walled walls x) The distance x of the brick-laminated wall, especially from the inner surface of the staggered brick-laminated wall, is from 10 to 350 mm, especially less than 300 mm, wherein the corresponding lower exhaust gas recirculation channels are arranged respectively One third of the width is closer to the central or median longitudinal axis of the heating flue, especially with a spacing x of 30 to 300 mm. This provides effective separation of the airflow. The flow paths can flow in parallel without cross-mixing, or appear before the latter.

根據一個示例性實施例，相應的燃燒空氣入口和/或混合氣體入口設置得比加熱煙道寬度(相對的錯縫順磚式砌合的壁之間的間隔x)的三分之一更靠近錯縫順磚式砌合的壁，且相應的下部廢氣再循環通道設置得比加熱煙道寬度的三分之一更靠近加熱煙道的中央，特別是間隔x為30至300mm。這提供了氣流的有效分離。流動路徑可以平行流動而不會發生交叉混合，或者在後者出現之前出現。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the corresponding combustion air inlets and/or mixed gas inlets are arranged closer to one-third of the width of the heating flue (the interval x between the opposite staggered brick walls) Staggered along the brick wall, and the corresponding lower exhaust gas recirculation channel is set closer to the center of the heating flue than one third of the width of the heating flue, especially the interval x is 30 to 300mm. This provides effective separation of the airflow. The flow paths can flow in parallel without cross-mixing, or appear before the latter.

特別是在流動試驗的背景下已經證明，下部廢氣再循環通道更靠近加熱煙道中央的重新定位能夠實現流入氣體的分離和交叉混合的減少。因此，可以對溫度分佈進行有針對性的影響，特別是在選定的高度位置。已經證明，由此可以設定相對低的均勻燃燒溫度T2，特別是在爐室的下部區域，對NOx的排放具有正面影響。 Especially in the context of the flow test, it has been proved that the repositioning of the lower exhaust gas recirculation channel closer to the center of the heating flue can achieve the separation of the inflow gas and the reduction of cross-mixing. Therefore, the temperature distribution can be influenced in a targeted manner, especially at selected height positions. It has been shown that a relatively low uniform combustion temperature T2 can be set thereby, especially in the lower region of the furnace chamber, which has a positive effect on NOx emissions.

根據一個變化例，相應的焦爐氣體入口設置成比相應的下部廢氣再循環通道更靠近相應的錯縫順磚式砌合的壁，特別以其中位縱向軸線距離錯縫順磚式砌合的壁的內表面的間距為10至350mm，特別是小於300mm的方式。這也可以在結構方面提供優勢。 According to a variant, the corresponding coke oven gas inlet is arranged closer to the corresponding staggered brickwork wall than the corresponding lower exhaust gas recirculation channel, in particular at the median longitudinal axis distance from the staggered brickwork The pitch of the inner surface of the wall is 10 to 350 mm, especially less than 300 mm. This can also provide advantages in terms of structure.

根據一個示例性實施例，每個雙加熱煙道提供至少一個另外的下部廢氣再循環通道，或至少另一對下部廢氣再循環通道，特別是在(第一) 下部耦接通道上方的至少一個另外的高度位置處，特別是在至少一個分階空氣入口下方。這使得能夠在選定的高度位置對溫度和流動分佈產生針對性的影響。 According to an exemplary embodiment, each dual-heated flue provides at least one additional lower exhaust gas recirculation channel, or at least another pair of lower exhaust gas recirculation channels, especially at (first) The lower coupling is at least one further height above the channel, in particular below the at least one stepped air inlet. This enables a targeted influence on the temperature and flow distribution at selected height positions.

根據一個示例性實施例，在兩個分階空氣入口之間的每個雙加熱煙道上提供多達5個更低的廢氣再循環通道，或多達5對下部廢氣再循環通道。這在各個高度位置處的影響係提供了特別高的靈活性。 According to an exemplary embodiment, up to 5 lower exhaust gas recirculation channels, or up to 5 pairs of lower exhaust gas recirculation channels, are provided on each dual-heated flue between two staged air inlets. This influence system at various height positions provides a particularly high degree of flexibility.

根據一個示例性實施例，在最下面的一對通道上方的至少兩個另外的高度位置處，每個雙加熱煙道設置至少兩對另外的下部廢氣再循環通道，特別是在三到七個另外的高度位置處有三到七對下部廢氣再循環通道。透過多達七個內部循環流動提供高度可變性。 According to an exemplary embodiment, at least two additional height positions above the lowermost pair of channels, each dual-heated flue is provided with at least two pairs of additional lower exhaust gas recirculation channels, in particular between three and seven At other heights there are three to seven pairs of lower exhaust gas recirculation channels. Provides high variability through up to seven internal circulation flows.

根據一個示例性實施例，在分階空氣入口/入口下方的另外的高度位置處，每個雙加熱煙道設置多達十個另外的下部廢氣再循環通道，或多達十對下部廢氣再循環通道。這使得能夠以均勻的方式配置循環流動，且氣體可以在相應的高度位置處逐漸彼此混合這樣的方式分配再循環氣體。更高數量的通道還可以選擇使通道以幾何形狀適應所需的流動狀態，而不會產生過於緊密的參數。 According to an exemplary embodiment, at a further height position below the staged air inlet/inlet, up to ten additional lower exhaust gas recirculation channels are provided per dual-heated flue, or up to ten pairs of lower exhaust gas recirculation aisle. This makes it possible to configure the circulation flow in a uniform manner, and the gas can distribute the recirculated gas in such a way that it gradually mixes with each other at the corresponding height position. A higher number of channels can also be chosen to adapt the channel geometry to the desired flow state without creating too tight parameters.

術語分階空氣在此與術語分階氣體同義使用。因此，分階空氣管槽也可傳導非空氣的氣體。 The term graded air is used synonymously with the term graded gas. Therefore, the stepped air tube groove can also conduct non-air gas.

根據一個示例性實施例，在至少兩個分階空氣入口之間的至少一個另外的高度位置處，每個雙加熱煙道設置至少一個另外的下部廢氣再循環通道或至少另一對下部廢氣再循環通道。這使得能夠透過組合再循環氣體的循環流動路徑和分階氣體的流入路徑來進行最佳化。 According to an exemplary embodiment, at least one additional height position between at least two staged air inlets, each dual-heated flue is provided with at least one additional lower exhaust gas recirculation channel or at least another pair of lower exhaust gas Circulation channel. This enables optimization by combining the circulation flow path of the recycled gas and the inflow path of the stepped gas.

根據一個示例性實施例，至少一個另外的下部廢氣再循環通道或至少另一對下部廢氣再循環通道設置在每個雙加熱煙道的下方以及分階空氣入口或所有分階空氣入口上方。這提供了特別高的可變性。 According to an exemplary embodiment, at least one additional lower exhaust gas recirculation channel or at least another pair of lower exhaust gas recirculation channels is provided below each dual heating flue and above the staged air inlet or all staged air inlets. This provides particularly high variability.

根據一個示例性實施例，在分階空氣入口或所有分階空氣入口上方的至少一個另外的高度位置處，每個雙級加熱煙道處設置至少一個另外的下部廢氣再循環通道或至少另一對下部廢氣再循環通道。這也使得內部循環流動(路徑)能夠與以分階方式引入的氣體分離。 According to an exemplary embodiment, at least one further lower exhaust gas recirculation channel or at least another one is provided at each two-stage heating flue at at least one additional height position above the staged air inlet or all staged air inlets To the lower exhaust gas recirculation channel. This also enables the internal circulating flow (path) to be separated from the gas introduced in a stepwise manner.

根據一個示例性實施例，在分階空氣入口或所有分階空氣入口上方的每個雙加熱煙道處設置多達五個另外的上部廢氣再循環通道或多達五對另外的上部廢氣再循環通道。這提供了特別高的可變性。 According to an exemplary embodiment, up to five additional upper exhaust gas recirculation channels or up to five pairs of additional upper exhaust gas recirculation are provided at each dual-heated flue above the staged air inlet or all staged air inlets aisle. This provides particularly high variability.

由於上述措施，可以確保增加的停留時間和更完全的燃盡(burnout)，特別是在CO比例減少的情況下，並且還可以實現進入爐室的更高的熱輸入，其在垂直高度方向上更均勻。已經特別證明，在廢氣再循環超過50%的情況下可以確保可燃氣體成分完全燃燒以形成廢氣。由此可以更佳地利用介質的熱量含量，特別是以時間分佈上的連續方式。因此，廢氣中通常為200至400ppm的CO比例也可以進一步降低。 Due to the above measures, increased residence time and more complete burnout can be ensured, especially in the case of a reduced CO ratio, and a higher heat input into the furnace chamber can also be achieved, which is in the vertical height direction More evenly. It has been particularly proven that in the case of exhaust gas recirculation exceeding 50%, it is possible to ensure that combustible gas components are completely burned to form exhaust gas. This makes it possible to make better use of the heat content of the medium, especially in a continuous manner over time. Therefore, the proportion of CO in the exhaust gas, which is usually 200 to 400 ppm, can be further reduced.

如果廢氣再循環通道設置在所有分階氣體入口上方，則部分熱廢氣可以被引導到已經在反轉點之前的向下灌注的加熱管槽中，這對溫度管理具有正面影響，特別是在批料上方的氣體收集空間中。此處，通常不超過800至820℃(形成煙灰、原料氣的化學品質)。由於在下面進一步返回的廢氣，也可以降低各個爐室的溫度。 If the exhaust gas recirculation channels are provided above all the staged gas inlets, part of the hot exhaust gas can be directed into the down-filled heating tube grooves already before the reversal point, which has a positive effect on temperature management, especially in batches In the gas collection space above the material. Here, it generally does not exceed 800 to 820°C (the chemical quality of soot and raw gas). Due to the exhaust gas returning further below, the temperature of the individual furnace chambers can also be lowered.

在每種情況下，廢氣再循環通道可以成對地或單獨地設置，因此在奇數的情況下(例如三個或五個，或其他數量的另外的廢氣再循環通道)也是如此。 In each case, the exhaust gas recirculation channels may be provided in pairs or individually, so in the case of odd numbers (for example, three or five, or other numbers of additional exhaust gas recirculation channels).

已經證明，取決於焦爐裝置的結構類型，在兩個和十個另外的廢氣再循環通道之間的數量是有利的。 It has proved to be advantageous, depending on the type of construction of the coke oven device, between two and ten additional exhaust gas recirculation channels.

根據一個示例性實施例，在每種情況下，在各個通道之間設置至少兩個中間層。這也提供了良好的穩定性。由錯縫順磚式砌合的壁和黏合壁組成的這種類型的加熱壁複合材料的穩定性，在負載下對應於煤推進燃料壓力的穩定性方面是有利的(最大為碳化循環的約75%)。焦爐通常以層級構造，具有層高度，包括100和160mm之間的接頭，特別是大約120至130mm。焦爐的建築教示分別透過榫槽連接(tongue-and-groove connection)或透過榫槽曲率(tongue-and-groove curvature)教示理想地連接加熱壁的所有磚。如果希望橫跨多個層的大通道橫截面積，則加熱壁複合材料被弱化，並且存在變形和原料氣體由於膨脹接頭從爐室遷移的風險。在加熱管槽中存在程度不足的燃燒空氣量，這可能不利地導致CO的形成。因此，橫向(水平)方向的高穩定性非常重要。 According to an exemplary embodiment, in each case, at least two intermediate layers are provided between the various channels. This also provides good stability. The stability of this type of heated wall composite composed of staggered brick-walls and bonded walls is advantageous in terms of the stability of the coal propulsion fuel pressure under load (maximum is about 75%). Coke ovens are usually constructed in layers with a layer height, including joints between 100 and 160 mm, in particular about 120 to 130 mm. The architectural teaching of the coke oven teaches through the tongue-and-groove connection or through the tongue-and-groove curvature, respectively, all the bricks ideally connected to the heating wall. If a large channel cross-sectional area across multiple layers is desired, the heated wall composite is weakened, and there is a risk of deformation and migration of raw material gas from the furnace chamber due to the expansion joint. There is an insufficient amount of combustion air in the heating tube slot, which may adversely lead to the formation of CO. Therefore, high stability in the lateral (horizontal) direction is very important.

在垂直方向上也希望有加熱壁的預應力，以保護加熱壁複合材料免受垂直彎曲。因此，在磚的上側和下側也較佳以榫槽連接。加熱壁的垂直預應力尤其透過足夠高的頂板重量來執行。 In the vertical direction, it is also desirable to have the prestress of the heating wall to protect the heating wall composite from vertical bending. Therefore, the upper and lower sides of the bricks are also preferably connected with tongue and groove. The vertical prestressing of the heated wall is carried out in particular by a sufficiently high roof weight.

例如，在碳化循環結束時透過穿過腔室的鋼柱在焦炭批的水平噴射中產生壁複合物上的進一步高負載力，所述負載力必須考慮到透過加熱壁複合材料在橫向和垂直方向上的足夠高的預應力。因此，額外的通道，特別是 具有相對大的橫截面積的通道，在爐的穩定性和壽命方面需要複雜的考慮因素。 For example, at the end of the carbonization cycle, through the steel column passing through the chamber, the horizontal injection of the coke batch produces a further high loading force on the wall composite, which must take into account the transverse and vertical directions through the heated wall composite High enough prestress. Therefore, additional channels, especially Channels with relatively large cross-sectional areas require complex considerations in terms of furnace stability and life.

根據一變化例，再循環通道設置如下：在每種情況下，一個壁層具有一個再循環通道，並且在其上方有一個沒有通道的複合穩定耐火材料層，總是與例如最多十個通道交替；或者在每種情況下，一個壁層具有一個再循環通道，並且在其上方有兩個沒有通道的複合穩定耐火材料層，此後一個壁層具有一個再循環通道，並且在其上方有一個或兩個沒有通道的複合穩定耐火材料層。這提供了良好的穩定性。通道相對較小，但可以容易地整合到爐的建築形狀中。 According to a variant, the recirculation channels are arranged as follows: in each case, a wall layer has a recirculation channel, and above it there is a layer of composite stable refractory without channels, always alternating with, for example, up to ten channels ; Or in each case, a wall layer has a recirculation channel, and above it there are two layers of composite stable refractory material without channels, after which a wall layer has a recirculation channel, and there is one or Two layers of composite stable refractory without channels. This provides good stability. The channel is relatively small, but can be easily integrated into the architectural shape of the furnace.

根據一個示例性實施例，在隔板中配置至少一個，特別是中心設置的分階空氣管槽，該空氣管槽具有至少一個分階空氣入口，特別是在至少一個再循環通道上方具有至少一個分階空氣入口。這開啟了影響流動和溫度分佈的進一步可能。 According to an exemplary embodiment, at least one, in particular a centrally arranged staged air duct slot is arranged in the partition, the air duct slot having at least one staged air inlet, in particular at least one above the at least one recirculation channel Staged air inlet. This opens up further possibilities to influence the flow and temperature distribution.

根據一個示例性實施例，在(相應的)隔板中配置至少兩個分階空氣管槽，特別是平行設置的空氣管槽，所述分階空氣管槽連接在上部/最上部廢氣再循環通道上方，並且於位於所有廢氣再循環通道上方的最上部的分階空氣入口通向燃燒的加熱管槽。例如，這也能夠借助於分別在不同寬度位置或(x)位置以分階方式引入的氣體來最佳化溫度和流動分佈。在此統一的通道可以透過調整元件或滑塊從頂板的上方以簡單的方式調整。 According to an exemplary embodiment, at least two tiered air tube slots are arranged in the (corresponding) partition, in particular air tube slots arranged in parallel, the tiered air tube slots are connected to the upper/uppermost exhaust gas recirculation Above the channel, and the uppermost staged air inlet above all exhaust gas recirculation channels leads to the combustion heating tube slot. For example, this can also optimize the temperature and flow distribution by means of gases introduced in steps in different width positions or (x) positions, respectively. The unified channel can be adjusted in a simple way from above the top plate by means of adjusting elements or sliders.

根據一個示例性實施例，在至少一個隔板中配置至少兩個分階空氣管槽，特別是平行設置的空氣管槽，所述位於上部/最上部廢氣再循環通道上方的分階空氣管槽於兩個最上部的分階空氣入口通向燃燒的加熱管槽。因 此，以分階方式引入的氣體可在寬度(x方向)上以均勻的方式被引入加熱管槽中。 According to an exemplary embodiment, at least two stepped air tube slots are arranged in at least one baffle, in particular air tube slots arranged in parallel, the stepped air tube slots located above the upper/uppermost exhaust gas recirculation channel The two uppermost stepped air inlets lead to the burning heating tube slot. because Thus, the gas introduced in a stepwise manner can be introduced into the heating tube groove in a uniform manner across the width (x direction).

分階空氣管槽的其他實施例，透過單獨的入口或透過共同的入口，提供特別是在加熱管槽的下部區域中的循環流動可以任意方式移動遠離並進入中央的優勢，因此可以非常有效地與進入的氣體分離。此處還可以產生構造優勢，以及在裝置結構中的成本優勢，或者在操作方面的優勢。分階空氣管槽也可以移動到外部，使得借助於再循環氣體的惰性廢氣流動可被配置成盡可能中心(至少比其他氣體更中心)。還可以實現有利的二次熱分佈。尤其具有結構的優勢。 Other embodiments of stepped air tube slots, through separate inlets or through a common inlet, provide the advantage that the circulating flow, especially in the lower region of the heating tube slot, can be moved away and into the center in any way, so it can be very effective Separated from the incoming gas. Here too, structural advantages can be produced, as well as cost advantages in the device structure, or advantages in terms of operation. The stepped air tube slot can also be moved to the outside, so that the flow of inert exhaust gas by means of recirculated gas can be configured to be as central as possible (at least more central than other gases). A favorable secondary heat distribution can also be achieved. In particular, it has structural advantages.

根據一個示例性實施例，相應的下部/最下部廢氣再循環通道分別設置在下部區域上方或加熱管槽基底上方至少50mm的間隔處。因此，特別是在透過入口的佈置進行調諧時，可以實現正向的流體效果。特別地，最下部的循環通道的下邊緣設置在燃燒爐平面上方0至150mm的範圍內，其上方具有高度約為120至130mm的穩定分離層，在其上方具有最小高度(例如大約120mm)的另一通道，其中從通道到分離層的這種變化可以延伸到800mm的高度。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the corresponding lower/lowermost exhaust gas recirculation channels are respectively provided at intervals of at least 50 mm above the lower region or above the base of the heating tube groove. Therefore, especially when tuning through the arrangement of the inlets, a positive fluid effect can be achieved. In particular, the lower edge of the lowermost circulation channel is arranged in the range of 0 to 150 mm above the burner plane, with a stable separation layer with a height of about 120 to 130 mm above it, and a minimum height (eg, about 120 mm) above it Another channel, where this change from the channel to the separation layer can extend to a height of 800 mm.

根據一個示例性實施例，焦爐氣體入口或相應的氣體煙道(噴嘴或管)設置在與中位縱向軸線具有一間隔的位置，該間隔為加熱管槽寬度的至少50%。該間隔提供了與再循環氣體之更中心設置的流動路徑的有效分離。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the coke oven gas inlet or corresponding gas flue (nozzle or tube) is disposed at a distance from the median longitudinal axis that is at least 50% of the width of the heating tube slot. This spacing provides effective separation from the more centrally located flow path of the recirculated gas.

根據一變化例，分階僅提供於上升的加熱槽中。 According to a variant, the steps are only provided in the rising heating tank.

根據一變化例，提供至少三個附加的耦接廢氣再循環通道，其中配置至少兩個內部附加的循環流動，其中，在每種情況下，在氣體階段(分 階空氣管槽的出口)的上方和下方設置一個廢氣再循環通道。這使得措施能有效組合。 According to a variant, at least three additional coupled exhaust gas recirculation channels are provided, in which at least two internal additional circulating flows are provided, wherein, in each case, An exhaust gas recirculation channel is provided above and below the outlet of the step air tube slot. This allows measures to be effectively combined.

根據一個示例性實施例，燃燒空氣入口和/或混合氣體入口和/或焦爐氣體入口相對於加熱管槽的中位縱向軸線(或者分別相對於基底的法線，或者相對於垂直方向)以0°的角度或小於30°的角度對齊，特別是相對於垂直方向(z)小於20°或小於10°，所有入口尤其是在相同方向上傾斜或對齊。盡可能以垂直向上方式對齊的這種對齊使得能夠在中心設置火焰，這在溫度分佈方面提供了優勢。因此，廢氣的體積流動可以中心和幾乎垂直向上的方式在加熱管槽中流動，因此，在垂直高度方向z上的法線方向上，新的進入的氣體可以形成用於分隔的氣毯。與高度傾斜的對齊相反，該體積流動不會撞到牆壁。因此，燃燒可朝向加熱管槽中央，因而不朝向外表面，由此可以設定適度的溫度。可以有效地避免局部溫度峰值。已經證明，本文中相應的流入脈衝可特別有利地用於另外從非燃燒的加熱管槽抽吸煙氣，或者用於更有針對性地混合氣體。相應的流入脈衝可被釋放到其他氣體中，因此不會在壁上消散。相比之下，迄今為止爐的入口通常傾斜地以大於30°的大傾角對齊。已經證明，在這種對齊的情況下，相應氣體的流入脈衝並未被特別有效地利用，特別是無法用於從非燃燒的加熱管槽抽吸煙氣。根據本發明的對齊能夠實現特別高的再循環率。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the combustion air inlet and/or mixed gas inlet and/or coke oven gas inlet are relative to the median longitudinal axis of the heating tube slot (either relative to the normal of the substrate or relative to the vertical direction) to An angle of 0° or an angle of less than 30° is aligned, especially less than 20° or less than 10° with respect to the vertical direction (z), and all inlets are inclined or aligned especially in the same direction. This alignment, which is aligned in a vertically upward manner as much as possible, enables the flame to be placed in the center, which provides an advantage in terms of temperature distribution. Therefore, the volumetric flow of the exhaust gas can flow in the heating tube groove in a center and almost vertical upward direction, and therefore, in the normal direction in the vertical height direction z, new incoming gas can form an air blanket for separation. Contrary to highly inclined alignment, this volume flow will not hit the wall. Therefore, the combustion can be directed toward the center of the heating tube groove, and thus not toward the outer surface, and thus a moderate temperature can be set. Can effectively avoid local temperature peaks. It has been shown that the corresponding inflow pulses in this context can be used particularly advantageously for additionally extracting smoking gas from non-burning heating tube slots, or for more targeted mixing of gases. The corresponding inflow pulses can be released into other gases and therefore will not dissipate on the wall. In contrast, hitherto the furnace inlets have generally been aligned obliquely at large inclination angles greater than 30°. It has been shown that in this alignment situation, the inflow pulses of the corresponding gases are not particularly effectively utilized, and in particular cannot be used to smoke cigarette smoke from non-burning heating tube slots. The alignment according to the invention enables a particularly high recycling rate.

根據一個示例性實施例，相應的燃燒空氣入口和/或相應的混合氣體入口和/或相應的焦爐氣體入口具有最大0.06m2的橫截面積，特別是在爐室高度超過6m的情況下。在這種上限的情況下，可以確保進入的氣體以特定的最小脈衝或特定的最小速度流入加熱管槽，如此可透過入口以有效的方式執行影響加熱管槽中的流動狀態。由於這種類型的相對小的橫截面積，可以實現高 噴射效果。特別地，氣體可以循環流速或再循環氣體的比例分別增加這樣的方式進入。由於橫截面是小的或以這種方式減小，介質的進入脈衝也可以這樣的方式增加，即返回的廢氣的速率可以增加，特別是在焦爐氣體加熱的情況下從約30%至45%到約50%至80%。可以設定高流速，這具有分別使抽吸或夾帶的廢氣的體積流動增加的效果。特別是，可以實現加熱煙道的高流入速度超過2m/s。還可以確保穩定的火焰輪廓，這有助於延遲燃盡特性。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the corresponding combustion air inlet and/or the corresponding mixed gas inlet and/or the corresponding coke oven gas inlet have a maximum cross-sectional area of 0.06 m 2 , especially in the case where the furnace chamber height exceeds 6 m . In the case of such an upper limit, it can be ensured that the incoming gas flows into the heating tube groove at a specific minimum pulse or a specific minimum velocity, so that the flow state in the heating tube groove can be effected through the inlet in an effective manner. Due to this type of relatively small cross-sectional area, a high ejection effect can be achieved. In particular, the gas can be entered in such a way that the circulating flow rate or the proportion of recycled gas is increased respectively. Since the cross-section is small or reduced in this way, the incoming pulse of the medium can also be increased in such a way that the rate of the returned exhaust gas can be increased, especially from about 30% to 45% when the coke oven gas is heated % To about 50% to 80%. A high flow rate can be set, which has the effect of increasing the volume flow of the exhausted or entrained exhaust gas, respectively. In particular, it is possible to achieve a high inflow velocity of the heating flue exceeding 2 m/s. It also ensures a stable flame profile, which helps to delay the burnout characteristics.

根據一個示例性實施例，相應的下部和/或上部廢氣再循環通道的橫截面積大於0.005m2，特別是大於0.01m2。這使得再循環廢氣的流動脈衝相對較弱，具有新進入的氣體的流動脈衝作用更強烈的效果。因此，透過相對小的新進入的體積流動可以實現很大的效果，並且可選擇高的循環流速。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the corresponding lower and/or upper exhaust gas recirculation channel is greater than 0.005 m 2 , in particular greater than 0.01 m 2 . This makes the flow pulse of the recirculated exhaust gas relatively weak, and has a stronger effect of the flow pulse of newly-entered gas. Therefore, a large effect can be achieved through a relatively small newly entered volume flow, and a high circulation flow rate can be selected.

根據一個示例性實施例，相應的下部廢氣再循環通道的橫截面積具有矩形幾何形狀，該矩形幾何形狀特別是在橫向於噴射方向的寬度方向(x)上是細長的。這以簡單的方式實現了牆壁的整合，可選擇以最小的結構作用調整尺寸。相應的上部廢氣再循環通道的橫截面積同樣可以具有矩形幾何形狀，該矩形幾何形狀特別是在橫向於噴射方向的寬度方向(x)上是細長的，或者具有方形幾何形狀。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the corresponding lower exhaust gas recirculation channel has a rectangular geometry, which is elongate in particular in the width direction (x) transverse to the injection direction. This achieves the integration of the walls in a simple way, with the option to adjust the size with minimal structural action. The cross-sectional area of the corresponding upper exhaust gas recirculation channel can likewise have a rectangular geometry, which is elongate in particular in the width direction (x) transverse to the injection direction, or has a square geometry.

這裡的各個入口和/或相應的通道可以具有相同的尺寸，或者可以根據高度位置特別適配。 The individual inlets and/or corresponding channels here can have the same size, or can be specially adapted according to the height position.

根據一個示例性實施例，相應的廢氣再循環通道具有至少一個循環流動邊緣和/或凸曲率，特別是具有至少四分之一的一壁層的半徑(或等同度或毫米)或至少30°，特別是相對於相應的循環流動路徑向內的一循環流動邊 緣或凸曲率。這有利於循環流動，特別是在僅有輕微壓差的情況下。同時，可以在向上灌注的加熱管槽中確保有利的流動分佈。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the corresponding exhaust gas recirculation channel has at least one circulating flow edge and/or convex curvature, in particular a radius (or equivalent degree or millimeter) of at least one quarter of a wall layer or at least 30° , Especially a circulating flow edge inward relative to the corresponding circulating flow path Edge or convex curvature. This facilitates circulating flow, especially when there is only a slight pressure difference. At the same time, a favorable flow distribution can be ensured in the upwardly filled heating tube groove.

根據一個示例性實施例，相應的廢氣再循環通道具有至少一個尖銳流動邊緣和/或凹曲率，特別是具有最大一個或兩個壁層的半徑(或等同度或毫米)，特別是相對於相應的循環流動路徑向外的尖銳流動邊緣或凹曲率。這可以確保流動在最佳流動路徑上流動。可以透過通道或在通道中提供氣體傳導輪廓。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the corresponding exhaust gas recirculation channel has at least one sharp flow edge and/or concave curvature, in particular with a maximum radius (or equivalent degree or millimeter) of one or two wall layers, in particular relative to the corresponding The sharp flow edge or concave curvature of the circulating flow path outward. This can ensure that the flow flows on the optimal flow path. The gas conduction profile can be provided through or in the channel.

根據一個示例性實施例，相應的廢氣再循環通道具有至少一個環繞流動輪廓，該環繞流動輪廓具有至少一個半徑和至少一個尖銳流動邊緣(分別是脫離(break-away)邊緣)。這種組合的輪廓提供了特別正面的流體效果，並且具有的優點是，可以在非常低的壓差下配置額外的內部循環流動。相應的半徑尤其可以配置為30°至60°的角度。這種類型的流動最佳化可以允許以更彈性的方式設計通道的佈置，特別是因為在相對高的加熱管槽中僅存在幾帕斯卡(Pa)範圍內的非常小的壓差。在通道中可以透過邊緣實現流動障礙，這具有僅使流動向前返回到相應的向上灌注的加熱管槽中的效果。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the corresponding exhaust gas recirculation channel has at least one surrounding flow profile having at least one radius and at least one sharp flow edge (break-away edges, respectively). This combined profile provides a particularly positive fluid effect and has the advantage that additional internal circulation flow can be configured at very low pressure differentials. The corresponding radius can be configured in particular at an angle of 30° to 60°. This type of flow optimization can allow the layout of the channels to be designed in a more flexible manner, especially since there is only a very small pressure difference in the range of a few Pascals (Pa) in the relatively high heating tube groove. Flow barriers can be achieved through the edges in the channel, which has the effect of only returning the flow forward into the corresponding upwardly filled heating tube groove.

根據一個示例性實施例，下部廢氣再循環通道設置成在分階空氣管槽的兩側彼此在頂端上下偏移，該分階空氣管槽在隔板中延伸，特別是與隔板中的穩定腹板結合。因此，流動分佈也可以在更大的寬度範圍(x)內受到影響。相對於水平方向，10和200mm之間的偏移可能是有利的，特別是為了改善冷卻效果。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the lower exhaust gas recirculation channel is arranged to be offset up and down from each other at the top end on both sides of the staged air tube slot, which extends in the partition, in particular with the stability in the partition Combining webs. Therefore, the flow distribution can also be affected in a larger width range (x). Relative to the horizontal direction, an offset between 10 and 200 mm may be advantageous, especially to improve the cooling effect.

根據一個示例性實施例，在混合氣體入口和燃燒空氣入口之間的位置處，用於將再循環廢氣引入相應的加熱管槽下側的至少一個輸送通道設 置在廢氣再循環通道/通道下方，特別是在焦爐裝置的再生器上方的中位部分。這些傳送通道具有較大的流動路徑並且以管槽(圓形或矩形)的方式被建構，並且可以與上述繞行開口(差熱器)組合提供。 According to an exemplary embodiment, at a position between the mixed gas inlet and the combustion air inlet, at least one delivery channel for introducing the recirculated exhaust gas into the lower side of the corresponding heating pipe groove is provided It is placed below the exhaust gas recirculation channel/channel, especially in the middle part above the regenerator of the coke oven device. These transfer channels have a larger flow path and are constructed in the form of tube slots (circular or rectangular), and can be provided in combination with the above-mentioned bypass opening (differential heater).

根據一個示例性實施例，在下部區域中的至少一個入口，特別是焦爐氣體入口，包括一入口噴嘴，並且在加熱管槽之基底上方0.0至0.45m，特別是0.05至0.25m的高度位置處通向加熱管槽。已經證明，與基底的這種間距對基底區域中的流動分佈具有正面影響。這種噴嘴設計實施例可被稱為氣體分階，並且有利地能夠與本文所述的其他措施結合。設置在加熱管槽基底上的噴嘴管較佳地終止於管槽底板(燃燒爐平面)上方約0.25m的高度，並且較佳地由耐火材料所構成。因此，焦爐氣體在約0.25m的高度位置從所述管流入，並與在基底流入的空氣混合。 According to an exemplary embodiment, at least one inlet in the lower region, in particular the coke oven gas inlet, includes an inlet nozzle and is located at a height of 0.0 to 0.45 m, in particular 0.05 to 0.25 m above the base of the heating tube slot It leads to the heating pipe groove. It has been shown that this distance from the substrate has a positive effect on the flow distribution in the substrate area. This nozzle design embodiment can be referred to as gas grading and can advantageously be combined with other measures described herein. The nozzle tube provided on the base of the heating tube slot preferably terminates at a height of about 0.25 m above the tube slot floor (combustion furnace plane), and is preferably composed of a refractory material. Therefore, coke oven gas flows in from the tube at a height position of about 0.25 m and mixes with the air flowing in the base.

在頂部加熱爐(=交叉燃燒爐)的情況下用於校準體積流動的入口噴嘴可以設置在噴嘴管內，較佳地設置在管槽底板/燃燒爐平面的高度處的基底上。噴嘴管的高度位置低於500mm或較佳地低於350或300mm也可以保護設置在其中的噴嘴免受碳或煙灰沉積物的影響，其減少流動橫截面和免於高溫，這可以防止任何輸出損失。在底部燃燒爐的情況下，噴嘴設置在爐組單元中的燃燒爐平面下方，後者在大氣條件下操作(高溫沒有風險)。在兩種類型的爐的情況下，噴嘴管突出到加熱管槽中0.05至0.5m，較佳為0.25m，使得在底部燃燒爐的情況下，氣體進入與交叉燃燒爐相同的高度位置。 In the case of a top heating furnace (=cross burner), the inlet nozzle for calibrating the volumetric flow can be arranged in the nozzle tube, preferably on the base at the height of the tube floor/combustion furnace plane. The height position of the nozzle tube is lower than 500mm or preferably lower than 350 or 300mm can also protect the nozzle provided therein from carbon or soot deposits, which reduces the flow cross section and high temperature, which can prevent any output loss. In the case of a bottom-burning furnace, the nozzle is arranged below the level of the furnace in the furnace unit, the latter operating under atmospheric conditions (no risk for high temperatures). In the case of two types of furnaces, the nozzle tube protrudes into the heating tube slot by 0.05 to 0.5 m, preferably 0.25 m, so that in the case of a bottom-burning furnace, the gas enters the same height position as the cross-burning furnace.

根據一個示例性實施例，入口噴嘴對齊以與加熱管槽的基底正交，特別是垂直。另外的入口也較佳地對齊以便分別至少幾乎正交或垂直。 According to an exemplary embodiment, the inlet nozzle is aligned so as to be orthogonal to the base of the heating tube slot, in particular perpendicular. The additional inlets are also preferably aligned so as to be at least almost orthogonal or vertical, respectively.

根據本發明，上述目的還透過一種用於操作焦爐裝置的方法來實現，焦爐裝置用於透過煉焦煤或煤混合物生產焦炭，透過該焦爐裝置內部的主要措施藉由焦爐固有氣體通過內部熱均衡能量，最小化NOx的排放，特別是用於操作前述之焦爐裝置，其中相應的雙加熱煙道具有燃燒的加熱管槽和煙氣導熱或廢氣引導管槽，在隔板周圍的外部循環流動路徑上的內部廢氣再循環，特別是在加熱管槽的上端和下端，透過至少一個穿過隔板的耦接上部和下部通道來設定，其中在相應的雙加熱煙道之基底的下部區域，焦爐氣體和/或燃燒空氣和/或混合氣體(即至少有一種選自焦爐氣體、燃燒空氣、混合氣體之群組的氣體)進入，其中廢氣再循環在至少一個另外的內部循環流動路徑上被引導，特別是在兩側由所進入的氣體所界定。這尤其能夠在不同高度位置產生影響。 According to the present invention, the above object is also achieved by a method for operating a coke oven device for producing coke through coking coal or coal mixture, through the main measures inside the coke oven device through the inherent gas of the coke oven Internal heat equalization of energy to minimize NOx emissions, especially for operating the aforementioned coke oven device, where the corresponding dual-heated flue has a combustion heating tube slot and flue gas heat conduction or exhaust gas guide tube slot, around the partition The internal exhaust gas recirculation on the external circulation flow path, especially at the upper and lower ends of the heating tube slot, is set by at least one coupling upper and lower channel through the partition, where the In the lower zone, the coke oven gas and/or combustion air and/or mixed gas (ie at least one gas selected from the group of coke oven gas, combustion air and mixed gas) enters, wherein the exhaust gas is recirculated in at least one additional interior The circulation flow path is guided, especially on both sides, by the incoming gas. This can have an effect especially at different height positions.

在相應的循環流動路徑或至少一個中心流動路徑上的廢氣再循環在本文中於每種情況下都可以被引導以比進入的氣體更中心(因此更接近x-y平面中的中位縱向軸線)，特別地，通過進入的氣體，特別是在每種情況下於整個圓周上，被界定於兩側或在兩側具有環繞流動。這提供了上述優點。透過至少一種進入的氣體，可在流體技術和熱量技術方面實現與本文的廢氣再循環分離。 The exhaust gas recirculation on the corresponding circulation flow path or at least one central flow path can in this case in each case be directed to be more central than the incoming gas (hence closer to the median longitudinal axis in the xy plane), In particular, the incoming gas, in particular in each case on the entire circumference, is defined on both sides or has a circumferential flow on both sides. This provides the aforementioned advantages. Through at least one of the incoming gases, the separation of the exhaust gas recirculation herein can be achieved in terms of fluid technology and thermal technology.

因為至少一個返回的廢氣的部分體積流動特別是在向上灌注的加熱管槽的基底區域中被引入加熱氣體的體積流動和至少一個(流入基底的管槽的)部分體積的氣流之間，返回的氣體的部分體積流動可以如下方式被向前引導並用作惰性中間層：惰性中間層最初在加熱管槽的下部區域中分離氣體和空氣的反應物(在燃燒技術方面分離)，並且在垂直方向上的流動的進一步過程中，進一步在上面引發延遲的燃盡特性。這可以導致減少NOx的效果。 Because at least one partial volume flow of the returned exhaust gas is in particular introduced between the volume flow of the heating gas introduced in the base region of the upwardly infused heating tube groove and at least one partial volume air flow (into the base tube groove), the returned The partial volume flow of the gas can be directed forward and used as an inert intermediate layer in the following way: the inert intermediate layer initially separates the reactants of the gas and air in the lower region of the heating tube groove (in terms of combustion technology), and in the vertical direction The further process of the flow further induces a delayed burnout characteristic above. This can lead to the effect of reducing NOx.

根據一實施例，廢氣再循環在至少兩個另外的內部循環流動路徑上被引導。這使得可以在更高的高度位置處影響流動分佈和溫度分佈。所述至少兩個另外的內部循環流動路徑可以分別設置成在外部由相應的外部循環流動路徑同心地界定，和/或以在加熱管槽的寬度(x)上彼此相鄰地分佈，特別是根據分階空氣管槽的佈置。 According to an embodiment, the exhaust gas recirculation is guided on at least two additional internal circulation flow paths. This makes it possible to influence the flow distribution and temperature distribution at higher altitude positions. The at least two further internal circulation flow paths may each be arranged to be concentrically delimited externally by the corresponding external circulation flow path, and/or to be distributed adjacent to each other over the width (x) of the heating tube groove, in particular According to the arrangement of the staged air tube slots.

根據一實施例，在每種情況下，在加熱管槽之間的隔板中，來自下行加熱管槽的廢氣/煙氣的部分體積流動的至少一個絕熱中間層在此形成為多個雙加熱煙道，在每種情況下，每個加熱煙道成對地具有加熱管槽。 According to an embodiment, in each case, in the partition between the heating tube slots, at least one adiabatic intermediate layer of partial volume flow of exhaust gas/flue gas from the downward heating tube slots is formed here as a plurality of double heating The flue, in each case, each heated flue has heating tube slots in pairs.

根據一實施例，至少一個另外的內部循環流動被設定，特別是透過頂部和底部的至少一對附加通道而被設定成比進入的氣體更中心，並且比外部循環流動路徑更向內，並且由外部循環流動路徑所界定。已經證明，當存在幾帕斯卡範圍內的壓差時，已經可以配置進一步向內設置的另一內部循環流動。壓差可以顯著低於1mbar，特別是在小於10或5帕斯卡(Pa)的範圍內，例如2至4Pa，並且仍然可以配置額外的循環流動。 According to an embodiment, at least one additional internal circulation flow is set, in particular through at least a pair of additional channels at the top and bottom, to be set more central than the incoming gas and more inward than the external circulation flow path, and by Defined by the external circulation flow path. It has been shown that when there is a pressure difference in the range of a few pascals, it is already possible to configure another internal circulation flow further arranged inward. The pressure difference can be significantly lower than 1 mbar, especially in the range of less than 10 or 5 Pascals (Pa), for example 2 to 4 Pa, and additional circulation flow can still be configured.

根據一實施例，在富氣加熱的情況下或在混合氣體加熱的情況下，在循環流動路徑或複數個循環流動路徑上內部再循環的廢氣比例設定為超過50%，特別是超過70%，特別是80%。相對地，迄今為止，在富氣加熱的情況下再循環廢氣的比例最大為25%至45%，或者在混合氣體加熱的情況下最大為10%至20%。高再循環率可透過最佳化的氣體路徑實現，並實現最小化排放的節能過程。 According to an embodiment, in the case of rich gas heating or mixed gas heating, the proportion of internally recirculated exhaust gas on the circulation flow path or the plurality of circulation flow paths is set to exceed 50%, in particular to exceed 70%, Especially 80%. In contrast, to date, the proportion of recirculated exhaust gas in the case of rich gas heating is at most 25% to 45%, or in the case of mixed gas heating at most 10% to 20%. High recirculation rates can be achieved through optimized gas paths and energy-saving processes that minimize emissions.

根據一實施例，用於富氣加熱的方法實質上是使用焦爐氣體；或其中用於混合氣體加熱的方法實質上是使用高爐氣、焦爐氣體和任選的轉化 爐氣的混合物；或其中該方法是使用天然氣作為焦爐氣體的至少部分替代物。已經證明，根據本發明的流動概念可以在任何這些類型的操作情況下實現。 According to an embodiment, the method for rich gas heating essentially uses coke oven gas; or wherein the method for mixed gas heating essentially uses blast furnace gas, coke oven gas and optional conversion A mixture of furnace gases; or where the method is to use natural gas as at least a partial replacement of coke oven gas. It has been shown that the flow concept according to the invention can be implemented in any of these types of operating situations.

混合氣體通常由兩種或三種氣體或氣體混合物組成，特別是高爐氣(大部分)、焦爐氣體(少量比例)以及任選的轉化爐氣。焦爐(特別是複合爐)通常僅在每年約5%的操作時間內以富氣加熱，火焰溫度顯著高於2000℃(分別為富氣或焦爐氣體的高熱值)。然而，在混合氣體加熱(高爐氣)的情況下，火焰溫度例如僅在約1700℃的範圍內。然而，還有一些爐不是以複合物操作的，並且必須分別用100%的程度的焦爐氣體或富氣操作。根據本發明已經證明，儘管火焰溫度非常不同，但對於富氣和加熱混合氣體，可以實現相對低的NOx排放。這為爐操作員提供了他/她的爐操作的最大彈性，或多或少獨立於可能以時間方式或日曆日期預定義的排放法規。特別是，在富氣加熱的情況下，爐操作員可以毫不猶豫地選擇操作模式。 The mixed gas usually consists of two or three gases or gas mixtures, in particular blast furnace gas (mostly), coke oven gas (small proportion) and optional reformer gas. Coke ovens (especially compound furnaces) are usually heated with rich gas only for about 5% of the operating time per year, and the flame temperature is significantly higher than 2000°C (high heating value of rich gas or coke oven gas, respectively). However, in the case of mixed gas heating (blast furnace gas), the flame temperature is, for example, only in the range of about 1700°C. However, some furnaces are not operated as composites and must be operated with coke oven gas or rich gas to the extent of 100%, respectively. According to the present invention, it has been proved that, although the flame temperatures are very different, relatively low NOx emissions can be achieved for rich and heated gas mixtures. This provides the furnace operator with the maximum flexibility of his/her furnace operation, more or less independent of the emission regulations that may be predefined in time or calendar date. In particular, in the case of rich gas heating, the furnace operator can select the operation mode without hesitation.

特別是在下游設備部件中，具有在17000至19000kJ/Nm3之間的較低熱值的純化焦爐氣體用作富氣。富氣通常由CO、H2、CH4、O2、N2、CO2和更優質的烴組成。 Especially in downstream equipment components, purified coke oven gas with a lower heating value between 17000 and 19000 kJ/Nm 3 is used as rich gas. Rich gas is usually composed of CO, H 2 , CH 4 , O 2 , N 2 , CO 2 and higher quality hydrocarbons.

根據本發明，在富氣加熱的情況下，返回的廢氣的循環流動可以從之前的大約30%至45%增加到大於50%，在混合氣體加熱的情況下，從先前約15%至25%增加到同樣多於50%。這使得能夠透過相對較冷的廢氣非常有效地冷卻向上灌注的加熱管槽中的火焰溫度。特別是可以實現至少5至60℃範圍內的冷卻效果，由此可以實現熱形成的氮氧化物的最小化。除此之外，還可以實現均勻的焦炭質量，特別是由於非常均勻的熱流，並且得力於較低的溫度梯度，室壁上的熱應力可以最小化。該爐可以在較低的加熱溫度下以至少幾乎 相同的焦化速率操作，如迄今為止在較高溫度下操作的爐在更強的NOx排放下的情況。 According to the present invention, in the case of rich gas heating, the circulating flow of the returned exhaust gas can be increased from about 30% to 45% to more than 50% before, and in the case of mixed gas heating, from about 15% to 25% before Increased to more than 50%. This makes it possible to very effectively cool the flame temperature in the upwardly filled heating tube slot through relatively cold exhaust gas. In particular, a cooling effect in the range of at least 5 to 60°C can be achieved, thereby minimizing thermally formed nitrogen oxides. In addition to this, uniform coke quality can be achieved, especially due to the very uniform heat flow, and thanks to the lower temperature gradient, the thermal stress on the chamber wall can be minimized. The furnace can be used at a lower heating temperature The same coking rate operation, as is the case with furnaces operating at higher temperatures to date with stronger NOx emissions.

在此，天然氣也可以透過焦爐氣體的入口進料，所述天然氣特別是作為LNG(liquefied natural gas，液化天然氣)提供。取決於泵送(pumping)位置/來源，達到90%至100%程度的天然氣由甲烷(CH4)和稍微更多的更優質的烴所組成。由於甲烷的火焰溫度低，甲烷是焦爐氣體的較佳替代品(形成的熱NOx較少)。然而，甲烷/天然氣更昂貴。此外，在室內生產的純化焦爐氣體將找不到任何買家。取決於操作模式，焦爐氣體可以至少部分地由天然氣代替。當使用天然氣時，也可以實現本發明的效果。 Here, natural gas can also be fed through the inlet of the coke oven gas, which is provided in particular as LNG (liquefied natural gas). Depending on the pumping location/source, natural gas up to 90% to 100% is composed of methane (CH 4 ) and slightly more higher quality hydrocarbons. Due to the low flame temperature of methane, methane is the preferred substitute for coke oven gas (less thermal NOx is formed). However, methane/natural gas is more expensive. In addition, the purified coke oven gas produced indoors will not find any buyers. Depending on the mode of operation, the coke oven gas may be replaced at least partially by natural gas. When natural gas is used, the effects of the present invention can also be achieved.

根據一實施例，設定亞化學計量燃燒比<0.9，特別是設定在0.5至0.8範圍內的燃燒比，特別是0.7的燃燒比，特別是在相應加熱管槽的基底上的燃燒爐平面中的基底區域中。在第一燃燒階段下方設定的空氣過量(Lambda)越低，燃燒越弱，或者熱傳導分別可設定在加熱煙道的下部區域。已經證明，在加熱管槽的基底區域中的空氣數低於0.9，特別是在0.5至0.8的範圍內，可以良好的安全係數遵守NOx排放所需的極限值。獨立地，頭部區域中的空氣值可以設定在1.2至1.3的範圍內。 According to an embodiment, the sub-stoichiometric combustion ratio is set to <0.9, in particular the combustion ratio in the range of 0.5 to 0.8, in particular the combustion ratio of 0.7, especially in the plane of the furnace on the base of the corresponding heating tube groove In the base area. The lower the air excess (Lambda) set below the first combustion stage, the weaker the combustion, or the heat conduction can be set in the lower region of the heating flue, respectively. It has been shown that the number of air in the base area of the heating tube groove is less than 0.9, in particular in the range of 0.5 to 0.8, with a good safety factor to comply with the limit values required for NOx emissions. Independently, the air value in the head region can be set in the range of 1.2 to 1.3.

燃燒比可以透過將由例如10至25個雙加熱煙道組成的加熱壁的總空氣量供應到整個爐組之前的空氣閥中來調節。為此，例如將金屬板作為電阻放置在相應閥的入口橫截面中，以例如減少吸入的空氣量，即整個加熱壁的所謂空氣量。另外，可以在空氣閥中提供調節襟翼以進一步影響部分量的總量或方向，在每種情況下，所述部分量流入各個再生段。例如，第一再生預熱在 基底流入的部分量的各自的氣體和空氣，第二再生預熱用於分階空氣的部分量。 The combustion ratio can be adjusted by supplying the total air volume of the heating wall composed of, for example, 10 to 25 double-heated flues to the air valve before the entire furnace group. For this purpose, for example, a metal plate is placed as a resistor in the inlet cross section of the corresponding valve, for example to reduce the amount of air sucked in, ie the so-called air volume of the entire heating wall. In addition, adjustment flaps can be provided in the air valve to further influence the total amount or direction of the partial amount, which in each case flows into the respective regeneration section. For example, the first regeneration preheating The partial amount of the respective gas and air flowing into the substrate, and the second regenerative preheating are used to stage the partial amount of air.

根據一實施例，借助於再循環的廢氣，較佳的層狀中間層被配置在進入的氣體和分階空氣管槽或來自分階空氣管槽的氣體之間，特別是在加熱管槽高度的5%至75%，較佳地15%至50%的高度範圍內，特別是在0.25至4m的高度部分的高度。這可以促進氣流的分離。 According to an embodiment, with the aid of recirculated exhaust gas, a preferably layered intermediate layer is arranged between the incoming gas and the staged air tube slot or the gas from the staged air tube slot, especially at the height of the heating tube slot 5% to 75%, preferably 15% to 50% of the height range, especially in the height of 0.25 to 4m. This can promote the separation of the airflow.

根據一實施例，借助於進入的氣體，在相應的錯縫順磚式砌合的壁和循環流動路徑之間配置絕緣和混合延遲氣毯。層流或中間層尤其可以透過小於2320的雷諾數(Reynolds number)來識別。 According to an embodiment, with the aid of the incoming gas, an insulating and mixed delayed air blanket is arranged between the corresponding staggered brick wall and the circulating flow path. Laminar flow or intermediate layers can be identified especially by Reynolds number less than 2320.

根據一實施例，在第一階段和第二階段(一個或多個黏合壁階段)之間引入的氣體量，特別是在基底上透過燃燒空氣和混合氣體入口(基底階段)引入的氣體量的比例設定為50：50，或第一階段的比例更低。在第一階段中引入基底的氣體比例的降低可任選地透過較高比例的再循環氣體來進行。這在影響流動輪廓時，特別是在基底區域中實現了進一步的變化。 According to an embodiment, the amount of gas introduced between the first stage and the second stage (one or more bonded wall stages), in particular the amount of gas introduced through the combustion air and mixed gas inlet (base stage) on the substrate The ratio is set to 50:50, or the ratio in the first stage is lower. The reduction of the proportion of gas introduced into the substrate in the first stage can optionally be carried out through a higher proportion of recycled gas. This influences the flow profile, in particular in the area of the substrate, to achieve further changes.

根據一實施例，引入加熱管槽的體積流動比例設定如下：透過燃燒空氣入口<30%，透過混合氣體入口<30%，透過再循環通道>40%，且選擇性地至少有一個分階氣體入口。根據一實施例，在燃燒空氣入口和混合氣體入口處引入爐室的體積流動被設定或調節為透過該再循環通道和選擇性地至少一個分階氣體入口引入的體積流動的45%和55%之間。這在每種情況下也能夠對不同的高度位置產生更有效的影響。在此的方法特別是在富氣加熱的情況下進行。透過富氣加熱的方法較佳使用在富氣加熱模式中具有降低的低熱值的貧富氣，其中，具有較低熱值的氣體在14000至最大17000kJ/Nm3的範圍內被 提供為富氣。因此，可以顯著降低火焰溫度以及上述措施，特別是50至300K的差異。 According to an embodiment, the volume flow ratio introduced into the heating tube groove is set as follows: through the combustion air inlet <30%, through the mixed gas inlet <30%, through the recirculation channel >40%, and optionally at least one staged gas Entrance. According to an embodiment, the volume flow introduced into the furnace chamber at the combustion air inlet and the mixed gas inlet is set or adjusted to 45% and 55% of the volume flow introduced through the recirculation channel and optionally at least one stepped gas inlet between. This can also have a more effective effect on different height positions in each case. The method here is carried out in particular with rich gas heating. The method of heating through the rich gas preferably uses lean rich gas having a reduced low heating value in the rich gas heating mode, in which a gas having a lower heating value is provided as a rich gas in a range of 14000 to a maximum of 17000 kJ/Nm 3 . Therefore, the flame temperature and the above measures can be significantly reduced, especially the difference of 50 to 300K.

根據本發明，上述目的也分別透過邏輯單元或控制裝置來實現，該邏輯單元或控制裝置被指定用於執行如上所述的方法，其中引入加熱管槽的體積流動根據上述比例設定，和/或其中加熱煙道中的流動方向以循環方式切換，特別是每15至25分鐘切換。因此，即使在頻繁切換的情況下，也可以實現非常均勻的溫度分佈。這裡的切換時間例如在1到2分鐘的範圍內。 According to the invention, the above objects are also achieved by a logic unit or a control device, respectively, which is designated to perform the method as described above, wherein the volume flow introduced into the heating tube groove is set according to the above ratio, and/or The flow direction in the heating flue is switched in a cyclic manner, especially every 15 to 25 minutes. Therefore, even in the case of frequent switching, a very uniform temperature distribution can be achieved. The switching time here is, for example, in the range of 1 to 2 minutes.

根據本發明，透過使用具有至少一個廢氣再循環通道的至少一個隔板來實現上述目的，所述廢氣再循環通道在寬度方向(x)上進一步向內定位，使得在焦爐裝置的雙加熱煙道中，特別是在如上所述的焦爐裝置中，比至少一個氣體入口更中心，特別是比所有氣體入口更中心。由此產生上述優點。 According to the invention, the above object is achieved by using at least one baffle with at least one exhaust gas recirculation channel, which is further positioned inward in the width direction (x) so that the dual heating flue gas in the coke oven device In the tunnel, especially in the coke oven device as described above, it is more central than at least one gas inlet, especially more central than all gas inlets. This results in the aforementioned advantages.

根據本發明，透過使用具有至少一個廢氣再循環通道的至少一個隔板來實現上述目的，所述廢氣再循環通道在寬度方向(x)上進一步向內定位，使得僅在焦爐裝置的雙加熱煙道的一半中指向焦爐裝置的焦炭側，特別是在如上所述的焦爐裝置中，比氣體入口更中心。由此產生上述優點。 According to the invention, the above object is achieved by using at least one baffle with at least one exhaust gas recirculation channel, which is further positioned inward in the width direction (x), so that only the dual heating of the coke oven device Half of the flue is directed to the coke side of the coke oven device, especially in the coke oven device as described above, more centrally than the gas inlet. This results in the aforementioned advantages.

根據本發明，上述目的還透過使用具有至少兩個(特別是平行設置的)分階空氣管槽的至少一個隔板來實現，所述分階空氣管槽連接在上部/最上部廢氣再循環通道上方和最上面的分階空氣入口，最上面的分階空氣入口在通向燃燒的加熱管槽的所有廢氣再循環通道的上方，和/或透過使用具有至少兩個(特別是平行設置的)分階空氣管槽的至少一個隔板，在所有廢氣再循環通道上方的兩個最上面的分階空氣入口中的上部/最上面的廢氣再循環通道上方 通向燃燒的加熱管槽，特別是在如上所述的焦爐裝置中的每種情況下。這在個別的最佳化措施方面提供了高度可變性。 According to the present invention, the above object is also achieved by using at least one baffle plate having at least two (particularly arranged in parallel) staged air tube slots connected to the upper/uppermost exhaust gas recirculation channel The upper and upper staged air inlets, the uppermost staged air inlets are above all exhaust gas recirculation channels leading to the combustion heating tube slots, and/or through the use of at least two (especially arranged in parallel) At least one baffle of the staged air tube slot, above the upper/uppermost exhaust gas recirculation channel in the two uppermost staged air inlets above all exhaust gas recirculation channels The heating tube slots leading to combustion, in particular in each case in the coke oven device as described above. This provides a high degree of variability in individual optimization measures.

已經證明，由於這種結構，在結構方面的作用力可以最小化。在許多操作狀態下，焦炭側半部比煤側半部更熱，因此這裡描述的措施足以在焦側半部實施，因此在例如6至25雙對的情況下，特別是最大20雙對，在噴射方向上進一步朝向後部設置，因此每個爐室大約6至25個，特別是最多20個隔板。 It has been shown that due to this structure, the structural forces can be minimized. In many operating conditions, the coke-side half is hotter than the coal-side half, so the measures described here are sufficient to be implemented in the coke-side half, so in the case of, for example, 6 to 25 double pairs, especially a maximum of 20 double pairs, It is further arranged towards the rear in the spray direction, so there are about 6 to 25 per furnace chamber, especially up to 20 baffles.

根據本發明，透過使用如上所述的用於煉焦煤或煤混合物的焦爐裝置，也實現了上述目的，煤混合物包含，至少一種來自以下群組的添加劑：石油焦炭、油、瀝青品種(例如，以舊輪胎、煤塵和焦炭粉末的形式)、黏合劑或焦化劑(例如，糖蜜、油殘餘物、纖維素類添加劑、亞硫酸鹽或硫酸鹽化合物或鹼液)，其中混合物也可包含生物質。 According to the present invention, the above object is also achieved by using a coke oven device for coking coal or coal mixture as described above. The coal mixture contains at least one additive from the following group: petroleum coke, oil, bitumen species (eg , In the form of used tires, coal dust and coke powder), binders or coking agents (for example, molasses, oil residues, cellulose additives, sulfite or sulfate compounds or lye), where the mixture may also contain raw substance.

根據本發明，透過在如上所述的焦爐裝置的操作中使用具有降低的低熱值的貧富氣來實現上述目的。這裡貧富氣特別是透過混合高爐煤氣和富氣來提供。 According to the present invention, the above object is achieved by using lean gas having a reduced low heating value in the operation of the coke oven device as described above. The rich and poor gas here is provided especially by mixing blast furnace gas and rich gas.

特別地，對於高爐氣(blast furnace gas,BFG)以及富氣(焦爐氣體被純化作為副產品)，可以提及以下值作為較佳的組合物的體積%(潮濕狀態)和低熱值(kJ/m3，乾燥狀態，無水)：高爐氣：1.92% H2，59.5% N2，24.24% CO，11.96% CO2，2.37% H2O，具有低熱值約為3349；富氣：54.98% H2，0.66% O2，5.33% N2，5.75% CO，1.52% CO2，26.66% CH4，2.74% C2H6，2.37% H2O，具有低熱值約為18422。 In particular, for blast furnace gas (BFG) and rich gas (coke oven gas is purified as a by-product), the following values can be mentioned as the volume% (wet state) and low heating value (kJ/ m 3 , dry state, anhydrous): blast furnace gas: 1.92% H 2 , 59.5% N 2 , 24.24% CO, 11.96% CO 2 , 2.37% H 2 O, with a low heating value of about 3349; rich gas: 54.98% H 2 , 0.66% O 2 , 5.33% N 2 , 5.75% CO, 1.52% CO 2 , 26.66% CH 4 , 2.74% C 2 H 6 , 2.37% H 2 O, with a low heating value of about 18422.

在每種情況下根據本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者的選擇，各個氣體混合物加總後的百分比數字為100%。各氣體混合物的組成部分合計為100%。在此，可以在相應的氣體混合物中包含其他組成部分，特別是微量的優質烴和NH3和H2S，在每種情況下特別是低於1.5%。對於各個組成部分的變化範圍，可被指定±15%的公差。 In each case, according to the selection of a person with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, the percentage figure after the sum of the individual gas mixtures is 100%. The total components of each gas mixture are 100%. In this case, other components can be included in the corresponding gas mixture, in particular trace amounts of high-quality hydrocarbons and NH 3 and H 2 S, in particular in each case below 1.5%. For the variation range of each component, a tolerance of ±15% can be specified.

特別地，可以分別從高爐氣和純化的富氣混合出混合氣體或貧富氣，特別是根據下列的組成部分，這些組成部分四捨五入到小數點後第一位，在每種情況下，各個組成部分的公差變化範圍為±15%：混合氣體：5.6% H2，0.1% O2，55.7% N2，23.0% CO，11.2% CO2，1.9% CH4，0.2% C2H6，2.4% H2O，具有低熱值約為4396；貧富氣：45.1% H2，0.6% O2，14.4% N2，8.9% CO，3.3% CO2，22.2 CH4，2.3% C2H6，2.4% H2O，具有低熱值約為15910。 In particular, mixed gas or lean gas can be mixed from blast furnace gas and purified rich gas separately, especially according to the following components, which are rounded to the first decimal place, in each case, each component The tolerance variation range is ±15%: mixed gas: 5.6% H 2 , 0.1% O 2 , 55.7% N 2 , 23.0% CO, 11.2% CO 2 , 1.9% CH 4 , 0.2% C 2 H 6 , 2.4% H 2 O, with low heating value of about 4396; rich and poor gas: 45.1% H 2 , 0.6% O 2 , 14.4% N 2 , 8.9% CO, 3.3% CO 2 , 22.2 CH 4 , 2.3% C 2 H 6 , 2.4 % H 2 O, with a low heating value of about 15910.

已經證明，使用貧富氣可以使NOx減少30至50ppm(對應於廢氣中的7% O2)，特別是其中局部火焰溫度降低到低於2000℃的範圍。結合上述措施，進一步放大了減少NOx的有利效果。 It has been shown that the use of lean gas can reduce NOx by 30 to 50 ppm (corresponding to 7% O 2 in the exhaust gas), especially where the local flame temperature is reduced to a range below 2000°C. Combined with the above measures, the beneficial effect of reducing NOx is further amplified.

1‧‧‧焦爐，特別是水平腔室爐 1‧‧‧ coke oven, especially horizontal chamber furnace

2‧‧‧具有煤批的爐室 2‧‧‧ Furnace room with coal batch

3‧‧‧錯縫順磚式砌合的壁 3‧‧‧ Staggered brick wall

3.1‧‧‧壁層 3.1‧‧‧ Wall

4‧‧‧耦接隔板或黏合壁 4‧‧‧coupled to the partition or bonded wall

4a‧‧‧沒有通道的分隔隔板 4a‧‧‧Partition without partition

4.1‧‧‧隔板上的管槽或分階通風管槽 4.1‧‧‧Tube groove on the partition or stepped ventilation tube groove

4.2‧‧‧來自/到加熱管槽的分階空氣管槽上的燃燒階段或入口或出口 4.2‧‧‧Combustion stage or inlet or outlet on the stepped air tube slot from/to the heating tube slot

4.3‧‧‧牆面 4.3‧‧‧Wall

4.4‧‧‧耦接兩個加熱管槽的通道(或廢氣反轉點或用於加熱氣體的反轉點) 4.4‧‧‧Coupling the channels of two heating pipes (or the reversal point of exhaust gas or the reversal point for heating gas)

5‧‧‧雙加熱煙道(成對佈置兩個垂直加熱煙道) 5‧‧‧Double heating flue (two vertical heating flues are arranged in pairs)

5.1‧‧‧燃燒的加熱管槽(垂直加熱煙道) 5.1‧‧‧Burning heating tube slot (vertical heating flue)

5.2‧‧‧廢氣引導管槽(垂直加熱煙道) 5.2‧‧‧Exhaust gas guide tube slot (vertical heating flue)

5.3‧‧‧內牆 5.3‧‧‧Inner Wall

5.4‧‧‧燃燒爐平面或加熱管槽的底部 5.4‧‧‧Burner surface or bottom of heating tube

5.6‧‧‧差熱器 5.6‧‧‧Differential Heater

5.61‧‧‧差熱器的個別開口 5.61 ‧‧‧ Individual opening of the differential heater

5.7‧‧‧(中間)加熱管槽的頂板 5.7‧‧‧(middle) the top plate of the heating tube slot

6‧‧‧(第一)燃燒空氣入口，特別是用於焦爐氣體加熱 6‧‧‧(1) Combustion air inlet, especially for coke oven gas heating

7‧‧‧另外的燃燒空氣入口或混合氣體加熱入口 7‧‧‧Additional combustion air inlet or mixed gas heating inlet

8‧‧‧焦爐氣體入口或焦爐氣體噴嘴 8‧‧‧Coke oven gas inlet or coke oven gas nozzle

9‧‧‧循環流動 9‧‧‧Circulation flow

10‧‧‧焦爐裝置，特別是具有水平腔室爐 10‧‧‧Coke oven device, especially furnace with horizontal chamber

10.2‧‧‧爐室 10.2‧‧‧furnace room

11‧‧‧燃燒的加熱管槽(垂直加熱煙道) 11‧‧‧Burning heating tube slot (vertical heating flue)

11.1‧‧‧內牆 11.1‧‧‧Inner Wall

12‧‧‧廢氣引導管槽(垂直加熱煙道) 12‧‧‧ Waste gas guide pipe groove (vertical heating flue)

13‧‧‧雙加熱煙道(成對佈置兩根垂直加熱煙道) 13‧‧‧Double heating flue (two vertical heating flues are arranged in pairs)

14‧‧‧隔板或黏合壁 14‧‧‧Baffle or adhesive wall

14a‧‧‧沒有通道的分隔隔板 14a‧‧‧Partition without partition

14.1‧‧‧隔板上的管槽或分階空氣管槽 14.1‧‧‧Tube groove or stepped air tube groove on the partition

14.11‧‧‧來自/到加熱管槽的分階管槽上的燃燒階段或分階空氣入口或出口 14.11‧‧‧ Combustion stage or staged air inlet or outlet on/from the heated tube slot

14.2‧‧‧耦接兩個加熱管槽的通道 14.2‧‧‧Channels coupling two heating tube slots

14.21‧‧‧圓形的流動邊緣 14.21‧‧‧Circular flow edge

14.22‧‧‧尖銳的流動邊緣 14.22‧‧‧Sharp flow edge

14.3‧‧‧隔板的內表面 14.3 The inner surface of the separator

15‧‧‧錯縫順磚式砌合的壁 15‧‧‧ Staggered brick wall

15.1‧‧‧錯縫順磚式砌合的壁的內表面 15.1‧‧‧The inner surface of the staggered brick wall

16‧‧‧(第一)燃燒空氣入口，特別是用於焦爐氣體加熱 16‧‧‧(1) Combustion air inlet, especially for coke oven gas heating

17‧‧‧另外的燃燒空氣入口或混合氣體加熱入口 17‧‧‧Additional combustion air inlet or mixed gas heating inlet

18‧‧‧焦爐氣體入口或焦爐氣體噴嘴 18‧‧‧Coke oven gas inlet or coke oven gas nozzle

19‧‧‧循環流動 19‧‧‧Circulation

19.1‧‧‧外部循環流動路徑 19.1‧‧‧External circulation flow path

19.2‧‧‧(第一)內部循環流動路徑 19.2‧‧‧(First) Internal circulation flow path

19.3‧‧‧(另外的)內部循環流動路徑 19.3‧‧‧ (separate) internal circulation flow path

20‧‧‧邏輯單元或控制裝置 20‧‧‧Logic unit or control device

d2‧‧‧相應的通道14.2的內側壁/邊緣與分階空氣管槽14.1的外側壁/邊緣之間在x方向上的相互間距，其特別地居中設置在加熱煙道中 d2 ‧‧‧ The mutual spacing in the x direction between the inner side wall/edge of the corresponding channel 14.2 and the outer side wall/edge of the stepped air tube slot 14.1, which is particularly centrally arranged in the heating flue

d4‧‧‧雙加熱煙道習知的通道4.4在x方向上的相互間距 d4‧‧‧Dual heating flue known channel 4.4 mutual spacing in the x direction

d5‧‧‧在焦爐氣體入口8的x方向上與來自另外的入口的間隔，特別是焦爐氣體入口8、G1a與另外進入的氣流G1之間的間隔 d5‧‧‧ The distance from the other inlet in the x direction of the coke oven gas inlet 8, especially the interval between the coke oven gas inlet 8, G1a and the additionally entering gas stream G1

d14‧‧‧根據本發明的雙加熱煙道在通道14.2的x方向上的相互間隔 d14‧‧‧ The space between the dual heating flues according to the invention in the x direction of the channel 14.2

d15‧‧‧根據本發明在焦爐氣體入口16的x方向上與另外的入口的間隔，特別是在G1和G1a之間 d15‧‧‧ According to the present invention, the distance between the coke oven gas inlet 16 and the other inlet in the x direction, especially between G1 and G1a

G1‧‧‧加熱氣體或燃燒空氣 G1‧‧‧Heating gas or combustion air

G1a‧‧‧焦爐氣體 G1a‧‧‧Coke oven gas

G1b‧‧‧混合氣體 G1b‧‧‧gas mixture

G4‧‧‧再循環廢氣 G4‧‧‧ recirculated exhaust gas

G5‧‧‧來自燃燒階段的分階氣體或分階空氣 G5‧‧‧ Staged gas or staged air from the combustion stage

G6‧‧‧廢氣 G6‧‧‧ waste gas

GP1‧‧‧流入路徑或流動路徑，分別用於透過入口引入的至少一種氣體 GP1‧‧‧Inflow path or flow path, respectively used for at least one gas introduced through the inlet

GP4‧‧‧再循環廢氣/煙氣的流動路徑 GP4‧‧‧Recirculation exhaust gas/flue gas flow path

GP5‧‧‧以分階方式引入氣體的流動路徑 GP5‧‧‧Introduction of gas flow path in a stepwise manner

M‧‧‧相應的加熱管槽的中位縱軸 M‧‧‧The median longitudinal axis of the corresponding heating tube slot

Q14‧‧‧耦接通道在加熱管槽內表面上的橫截面積 Q14‧‧‧Cross-sectional area of the coupling channel on the inner surface of the heating tube groove

T1‧‧‧噴嘴磚溫度 T1‧‧‧Nozzle brick temperature

T2‧‧‧加熱煙道/加熱管槽中的(氣體)溫度 T2‧‧‧Temperature of heating flue/heating tube groove (gas)

T3‧‧‧爐室內的溫度 T3‧‧‧The temperature in the furnace

V(t)‧‧‧相應的氣體流動的體積流量，例如以m3/h為單位 V(t)‧‧‧The volume flow rate of the corresponding gas flow, for example in m 3 /h

x‧‧‧水平方向(寬度或長度) x‧‧‧horizontal direction (width or length)

x2‧‧‧x方向偏移 x2‧‧‧x offset

x4‧‧‧習知的通道4.4與錯縫順磚式砌合的壁3的內壁的間隔 x4‧‧‧The distance between the conventional passage 4.4 and the inner wall of the staggered brick wall 3

x6‧‧‧習知的入口6與錯縫順磚式砌合的壁3的內壁的間隔 x6‧‧‧The distance between the conventional entrance 6 and the inner wall of the staggered brick wall 3

x8‧‧‧習知的入口8與錯縫順磚式砌合的壁3的內壁的間隔 x8‧‧‧The distance between the conventional entrance 8 and the inner wall of the staggered brick wall 3

x14‧‧‧根據本發明的通道14.2與錯縫順磚式砌合的壁的間隔 x14‧‧‧The distance between the channel 14.2 according to the present invention and the staggered brick wall

x16‧‧‧根據本發明的入口16與錯縫順磚式砌合的壁的間隔 x16‧‧‧ The distance between the entrance 16 and the staggered brick wall according to the invention

x18‧‧‧根據本發明的入口18與錯縫順磚式砌合的壁的間隔 x18‧‧‧The distance between the entrance 18 and the staggered brick wall according to the invention

y‧‧‧深度或水平噴射方向 y‧‧‧Depth or horizontal spray direction

z‧‧‧垂直方向(垂直軸) z‧‧‧Vertical direction (vertical axis)

z2‧‧‧爐室高度 z2‧‧‧Height of furnace room

z4‧‧‧相應的分階空氣入口/出口的高度位置 z4‧‧‧The height position of the corresponding stepped air inlet/outlet

α‧‧‧焦爐氣體相對於z軸(垂直)的流入角 α‧‧‧Inflow angle of coke oven gas relative to z axis (vertical)

本發明的其他特徵和優點透過以下圖式和至少一個示例性實施例的描述得出，其中：圖1A、1B、1C、1D、1E、1F、1G、1H分別示出根據先前技術的雙加熱煙道或焦爐的剖面側視和平面的示意圖。 Other features and advantages of the present invention are derived from the following drawings and description of at least one exemplary embodiment, in which: FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H respectively show dual heating according to the prior art Schematic view of the cross-sectional side view and plane of the flue or coke oven.

圖2、3、4、5、6、7示出根據示例性實施例的雙加熱煙道，在寬度和深度方向上的截面側視示意圖。 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 show schematic cross-sectional side views in the width and depth directions of a dual-heated flue according to an exemplary embodiment.

圖8A、8B、8C、8D、8E分別示出根據示例性實施例的雙加熱煙道或焦爐裝置的剖面側視和平面示意圖。 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, 8E respectively show a cross-sectional side view and a schematic plan view of a dual heating flue or coke oven device according to an exemplary embodiment.

圖9分別示出根據示例性實施例的雙加熱煙道中的通道的剖面或剖面輪廓的截面側視示意圖。 9 respectively shows a schematic cross-sectional side view of a cross-section or cross-sectional profile of a channel in a dual-heated flue according to an exemplary embodiment.

圖10示出與根據示例性實施例的焦爐裝置的操作有關的方法圖。 FIG. 10 shows a method diagram related to the operation of a coke oven device according to an exemplary embodiment.

圖11、12示出根據示例性實施例的雙加熱煙道的截面側視示意圖。 11 and 12 show schematic cross-sectional side views of a dual-heated flue according to an exemplary embodiment.

在未在個別圖式的上下文中明確描述的元件符號的情況下，可參考其他圖式。在描述先前技術的圖式中，各個入口和通道或流動路徑的位置和角度對齊並非完全地示出，而是僅以示例性方式(特別是僅在各個加熱管槽中)示出並且不以精確的角度設置。在描述本發明的圖式中，示意性地示出各個入口和通道或流動路徑的位置和角度對齊(特別是僅在各個加熱管槽中)，其中各個間距的值或角度對齊在說明書中更詳細地定義。 In the case of element symbols not explicitly described in the context of individual drawings, reference may be made to other drawings. In the drawings depicting the prior art, the position and angular alignment of the various inlets and channels or flow paths are not fully shown, but are only shown in an exemplary manner (especially only in the individual heating tube grooves) and not Precise angle setting. In the drawings describing the present invention, the position and angle alignment of each inlet and channel or flow path are shown schematically (especially only in each heating tube groove), where the value or angle alignment of each pitch is more detailed in the description Define in detail.

圖1A、1B、1C、1D、1E、1F、1G、1H示出作為一種水平腔室爐的焦爐1，其具有多個爐室2，在每種情況下具有煤批。爐腔2的高度z2例如為6至8m。爐腔2由錯縫順磚式砌合的壁3分隔，錯縫順磚式砌合的壁3在每種情況下在y-z平面延伸。成對的加熱管槽5.1、5.2在每種情況下分別在兩個錯縫順磚式砌合的壁3之間形成一個雙加熱煙道5，所述雙加熱煙道5的內壁5.3界定來自各爐室氣體(並且沒有煤)灌注的加熱空間。加熱管槽5.1、5.2以交替的 方式作為燃燒或廢氣引導的加熱管槽操作，這需要切換流動方向並且以例如20分鐘的周期進行。 FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H show a coke oven 1 as a horizontal chamber furnace, which has a plurality of furnace chambers 2 and in each case a coal batch. The height z2 of the furnace chamber 2 is, for example, 6 to 8 m. The furnace cavity 2 is separated by a staggered brick-walled wall 3 which in each case extends in the y-z plane. The pair of heating tube grooves 5.1, 5.2 in each case respectively form a double heating flue 5 between two staggered brick-brick walls 3, the inner wall 5.3 of which is defined Heating space filled with gas (and no coal) from each furnace. Heating tube groove 5.1, 5.2 to alternate The mode operates as a heated or flue gas-guided heating tube slot, which requires switching the flow direction and is performed in a cycle of, for example, 20 minutes.

成對的加熱管槽在每種情況下透過耦接隔板(黏合壁)4彼此分開，其中在頂部和底部設置有耦接通道4.4，再循環廢氣的循環流動9可透過所述通道4.4實施。 The pair of heating tube grooves are separated from each other by a coupling partition (adhesive wall) 4 in each case, wherein coupling channels 4.4 are provided at the top and bottom, and the circulation flow 9 of recirculated exhaust gas can be implemented through the channels 4.4 .

相鄰的雙加熱煙道透過完全沒有通道的分隔隔板4a彼此完全分隔。 Adjacent dual-heated flues are completely separated from each other by a partition baffle 4a with no channels at all.

在每種情況下，一個分階空氣管槽4.1設置在隔板4、4a中，前者透過至少一個燃燒階段4.2或相應的入口或出口分別耦接到加熱管槽。相應的燃燒階段4.2設置在特徵高度位置z4處。例如，分階空氣進入的兩個或三個高度位置z4被定義。 In each case, a stepped air tube slot 4.1 is provided in the partitions 4, 4a, the former being coupled to the heating tube slot through at least one combustion stage 4.2 or corresponding inlet or outlet, respectively. The corresponding combustion stage 4.2 is set at the characteristic height position z4. For example, two or three height positions z4 where stepped air enters are defined.

相應的牆壁由磚砌成，其在每種情況下界定一個壁層3.1。 The corresponding wall is made of brick, which in each case defines a wall layer 3.1.

x方向標識爐1的寬度，y方向標識深度(或者分別在水平腔室爐的情況下水平噴射方向)，並且z方向標識垂直(垂直軸)。相應的加熱管槽的中位縱向軸線M貫穿相應的加熱管槽的中央，所述中央相對於內表面/內壁設置成在x方向和y方向上居中。相應的雙加熱煙道的中央未被標識。所述中央大致位於相應的隔板的中央，所述隔板具有循環層流動，特別是在中心設置的分階空氣管槽的中央。這裡的術語「中心」或「中央」係關於x-y平面的中央，術語「中位」或「中部」在本文中是指高度方向(z)。 The x direction indicates the width of the furnace 1, the y direction indicates the depth (or the horizontal injection direction in the case of a horizontal chamber furnace, respectively), and the z direction indicates the vertical (vertical axis). The median longitudinal axis M of the corresponding heating tube slot runs through the center of the corresponding heating tube slot, which is arranged with respect to the inner surface/inner wall to be centered in the x direction and the y direction. The center of the corresponding dual-heated flue is not marked. The center is located approximately in the center of the corresponding baffle with circulating layer flow, especially in the center of the stepped air tube groove provided in the center. The term "center" or "center" here refers to the center of the x-y plane, and the term "center" or "center" refers to the height direction (z) in this article.

多個入口，特別是(第一)燃燒空氣入口6(特別是用於焦爐氣體加熱)以及另一個燃燒空氣入口7(特別是用於混合氣體加熱)，以及焦爐氣體入口8分別被設置於所謂的燃燒爐平面5.4中或者被設置於相應的加熱管槽 的基底上。透過入口引入的氣體在隔板的壁表面4.3上和錯縫順磚式砌合的壁的內壁上向上流動。 Multiple inlets, especially (first) combustion air inlet 6 (especially for coke oven gas heating) and another combustion air inlet 7 (especially for mixed gas heating), and coke oven gas inlet 8 are provided respectively In the so-called burner plane 5.4 or in the corresponding heating tube slot On the base. The gas introduced through the inlet flows upward on the wall surface 4.3 of the partition and on the inner wall of the staggered brick wall.

焦爐1的溫度包括：噴嘴磚溫度T1、各個加熱管槽中的(氣體)溫度T2以及爐室中的溫度T3。本發明特別關於盡可能均勻的溫度T2的分佈。 The temperature of the coke oven 1 includes: the nozzle brick temperature T1, the (gas) temperature T2 in each heating tube groove, and the temperature T3 in the furnace chamber. The invention is particularly concerned with the distribution of the temperature T2 as uniform as possible.

以下將參考圖1F至8E描述各個氣流。氣流G1分別標識新進入或供應的加熱氣體或燃燒空氣。氣流G1可包括氣流G1a(焦爐氣體)和/或氣流G1b(混合氣體)。氣流G4標識再循環廢氣，其分別返回或以圓形佈線。氣流G5分別標識來自相應的燃燒階段4.2、14.11的氣體或空氣，並且氣流G6標識從相應的加熱管槽或加熱煙道排出的廢氣。 Each air flow will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1F to 8E. The gas flow G1 identifies newly entered or supplied heating gas or combustion air, respectively. The gas stream G1 may include a gas stream G1a (coke oven gas) and/or a gas stream G1b (mixed gas). The gas flow G4 identifies the recirculated exhaust gas, which are respectively returned or wired in a circle. The gas flow G5 identifies the gas or air from the corresponding combustion stage 4.2, 14.11, respectively, and the gas flow G6 identifies the exhaust gas discharged from the corresponding heating tube groove or heating flue.

以下將參考圖1D、1E描述迄今為止常見的各個入口和通道的間距和相對位置。 The pitches and relative positions of the various inlets and channels that have been common so far will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1D and 1E.

習知的通道4.4在x方向上的相互間距d4相對較大。焦爐氣體入口8與x方向上的其他入口6、7的間距d5，特別是焦爐氣體入口8、G1a和另外進入的氣流G1之間的間隔相對較小。間距d5小於間距d4。相應通道4.4與錯縫順磚式砌合的壁3的內壁的間距x4相對較小(特別是，迄今為止，在錯縫順磚式砌合的壁和通道的外邊緣之間保持120至140mm的間隔)。來自錯縫順磚式砌合的壁3的入口6、8的間距x6、x8相對較大。該間距x8小於間距x6。間距x4明顯小於間距x6、x8。 The distance d4 of the conventional channels 4.4 in the x direction is relatively large. The distance d5 between the coke oven gas inlet 8 and the other inlets 6, 7 in the x direction, in particular, the interval between the coke oven gas inlet 8, G1a and the additionally entering gas stream G1 is relatively small. The distance d5 is smaller than the distance d4. The distance x4 between the corresponding channel 4.4 and the inner wall of the staggered brick-walled wall 3 is relatively small (especially, between 120 and 140mm interval). The distances x6, x8 of the entrances 6, 8 from the staggered brick wall 3 are relatively large. The pitch x8 is smaller than the pitch x6. The spacing x4 is significantly smaller than the spacing x6, x8.

圖1D中所示的再循環箭頭僅以示意性方式示出，並非完全反映相應的氣流的方向。 The recirculation arrows shown in FIG. 1D are shown only in a schematic manner and do not fully reflect the direction of the corresponding air flow.

圖1G示意性地示出具有單獨開口5.61的差熱器5.6，透過該開口5.61，氣體可以在加熱管槽的頭部區域中轉向。差熱器5.6透過(中間)頂板5.7與相應的雙加熱煙道分隔。差熱器5.6獨立於循環流動9。 FIG. 1G schematically shows a differential heat exchanger 5.6 with a separate opening 5.61 through which the gas can be diverted in the head region of the heating tube groove. The differential heat exchanger 5.6 is separated from the corresponding dual heating flue through the (middle) top plate 5.7. The differential heat exchanger 5.6 is independent of the circulating flow 9.

為了提高清晰度，有意識地省去了設置在燃燒爐平面5.4下方的爐的中位部分的圖示。氣體的供應和體積流量的調節可以在中位部分進行。 In order to improve the clarity, the illustration of the central part of the furnace arranged below the burner plane 5.4 was intentionally omitted. The gas supply and volume flow adjustment can be performed in the middle part.

圖2、3、4、5、6、7示出根據本發明用於最佳化相應的加熱管槽中的溫度分佈的各個措施。在圖8A、8B、8C、8D、8E中更詳細地說明各個措施。 Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 show various measures according to the invention for optimizing the temperature distribution in the corresponding heating tube groove. Each measure is explained in more detail in FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, 8E.

具有爐室10.2(特別是具有水平腔爐腔)的焦爐裝置10具有多個雙加熱煙道13，每個煙道具有一個燃燒的加熱管槽11和一個廢氣引導管槽12。透過其內壁11.1的加熱管槽界定用於傳導氣體的加熱煙道。各個加熱管槽由具有耦接通道14.2的隔板(黏合壁)14和沒有通道的分隔隔板14a相互界定。在每種情況下，在隔板14、14a中分別設置至少一個分階空氣管槽14.1，其具有一個或多個燃燒階段14.11，或者分別來自/到達加熱管槽的入口或出口。錯縫順磚式砌合的壁15在y方向上界定爐室和加熱管槽。 The coke oven device 10 having a furnace chamber 10.2 (especially having a horizontal cavity) has a plurality of dual heating flues 13, each flue having a burning heating tube slot 11 and an exhaust gas guide tube slot 12. The heating tube groove through its inner wall 11.1 defines a heating flue for conducting gas. Each heating tube groove is mutually defined by a partition (bonded wall) 14 having a coupling channel 14.2 and a partition partition 14a having no channel. In each case, at least one staged air tube slot 14.1 is provided in the partitions 14, 14a, respectively, with one or more combustion stages 14.11, or from/to the inlet or outlet of the heating tube slot, respectively. The staggered brick-walled wall 15 delimits the furnace chamber and the heating tube groove in the y direction.

氣體可以透過多個入口16、17、18流入相應的加熱管槽，特別是特別是用於焦爐氣體加熱透過第一燃燒空氣入口16、透過特別是用於混合氣體加熱的另外的燃燒空氣入口17以及分別透過焦爐氣體入口18或焦爐氣體噴嘴。進入和再循環的氣體分別以中心方式上升或下降，並且分別通過相應的加熱管槽在相應的隔板或錯縫順磚式砌合的壁的內表面14.3、15.1上流動。 The gas can flow into the corresponding heating tube slots through the multiple inlets 16, 17, 18, especially for the coke oven gas heating through the first combustion air inlet 16, through the additional combustion air inlet especially for the mixed gas heating 17 and through the coke oven gas inlet 18 or coke oven gas nozzle, respectively. The incoming and recirculating gases rise or fall in a central manner, respectively, and flow through the corresponding heating pipes and grooves on the inner surfaces 14.3, 15.1 of the corresponding partitions or staggered brick-walled walls, respectively.

根據本發明的措施之一主要在圖2中示出。循環流動19由多個循環流動所形成，所述多個循環流動在多個路徑上彼此圍繞流動。在圖2中示出 外部循環流動路徑19.1，其界定和以層狀方式圍繞兩個設置在更向內的循環流動路徑19.2、19.3流動，其中內部循環流動路徑19.2、19.3透過相應的附加廢氣再循環通道14.2所界定。 One of the measures according to the invention is mainly shown in FIG. 2. The circulation flow 19 is formed by a plurality of circulation flows that flow around each other on a plurality of paths. Shown in figure 2 The outer circulation flow path 19.1, which defines and flows in a layered manner around two more inwardly arranged circulation flow paths 19.2, 19.3, wherein the inner circulation flow paths 19.2, 19.3 are delimited by corresponding additional exhaust gas recirculation channels 14.2.

圖2示出具有三個循環流動路徑19.1、19.2、19.3的佈置，其圍繞分階空氣出口14.11，該分階空氣出口14.11設置在加熱管槽中的高度位置的至少大約一半處。分階氣體G5流出分階氣體出口14.11。也可以選擇地設置多個分階空氣出口，特別是也在最內部的循環流動路徑19.3上方。這裡的流動和熱分佈的最佳化可以主要透過再循環氣體G4在基底區域以及在其上方的多個高度位置中進行。 Figure 2 shows an arrangement with three circulation flow paths 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, which surrounds a staged air outlet 14.11, which is arranged at least about half of the height position in the heating tube groove. The staged gas G5 flows out of the staged gas outlet 14.11. Multiple stepped air outlets can also be optionally provided, especially also above the innermost circulation flow path 19.3. The optimization of the flow and heat distribution here can be carried out mainly through the recirculated gas G4 in the base area and in multiple height positions above it.

圖3示出具有多於三個循環流動路徑的佈置，其中下部通道的數量大於上部通道的數量。在此的最佳化尤其可以主要透過再循環氣體G4在基底區中進行，而不需要以分階方式進入分階氣體。在加熱管槽的頭部區域中設置差熱器5.6，該差熱器例如借助於滑動磚可獨立於相應的循環流動而接通。 Figure 3 shows an arrangement with more than three circulation flow paths, where the number of lower channels is greater than the number of upper channels. The optimization here can in particular be carried out mainly in the base region via the recirculated gas G4 without entering the stepped gas in a stepped manner. In the head region of the heating tube groove, a differential heat exchanger 5.6 is provided, which can be switched independently of the corresponding circulating flow, for example by means of sliding bricks.

圖4示出具有多於三個循環流動路徑的佈置，其中下部通道的數量顯著大於上部通道的數量。特別地，在六個不同的高度位置處設置六個下部通道(或者成對的通道)。下部通道全部設置在中心分階空氣管槽的分階空氣出口14.11下方。六個下部通道成對設置，以與分階空氣管槽相鄰，並且上部通道單獨地和中心地設置。單個中心下部通道設置在分階空氣出口上方。在這種佈置的情況下，從底部到頂部產生特別寬的中心雙流動的流動路徑，後者進一步向上補充分階氣體和以中心方式引入的再循環氣體。 Figure 4 shows an arrangement with more than three circulating flow paths, where the number of lower channels is significantly greater than the number of upper channels. In particular, six lower channels (or pairs of channels) are provided at six different height positions. The lower channels are all set below the staged air outlet 14.11 of the center staged air tube slot. The six lower channels are arranged in pairs to be adjacent to the stepped air tube slots, and the upper channels are arranged individually and centrally. A single central lower channel is arranged above the stepped air outlet. In the case of this arrangement, a particularly wide central dual-flow flow path is generated from the bottom to the top, the latter further supplementing the stepped gas and the recycled gas introduced in a central manner.

將參考圖5、6、7描述在朝向加熱管槽的內表面上的相應的耦接通道14.2的橫截面面積Q14。設置在分階空氣管槽14.1上方的通道14.2的橫截面 面積Q14分別比橫向設置在分階空氣管槽14.1旁邊的通道14.2的橫截面面積Q14更寬或更細長。 The cross-sectional area Q14 of the corresponding coupling channel 14.2 on the inner surface facing the heating tube groove will be described with reference to FIGS. 5, 6, and 7. Cross section of the channel 14.2 provided above the stepped air tube slot 14.1 The areas Q14 are wider or slimmer than the cross-sectional area Q14 of the channel 14.2 disposed laterally next to the stepped air tube groove 14.1, respectively.

圖5示出與圖4相比具有多個中心分階空氣出口14.11並且具有不同橫截面的通道的裝置，下部通道在z方向上至少部分地伸長，並且上部通道在x方向上是伸長的。在該變化的情況下，分階空氣管槽在兩側由多個下部通道構成，但並非成對的。一側的下部通道的數量不等於另一側的通道的數量。在z方向上伸長的通道實現了有利的相對佈置，後者尤其在很大程度上是中心的(相對小的間距d2)，並且特別是在最佳化的流動輪廓的情況下。在右側示出的通道的相對大的橫截面Q14能夠實現進入的氣體G1的強烈流動效果，特別是穿過很大的高度部分。 Fig. 5 shows a device with multiple central stepped air outlets 14.11 and channels with different cross-sections compared to Fig. 4, the lower channel is at least partially elongated in the z direction, and the upper channel is elongated in the x direction. In the case of this change, the stepped air tube groove is composed of a plurality of lower channels on both sides, but it is not a pair. The number of lower channels on one side is not equal to the number of channels on the other side. The channels elongated in the z direction achieve an advantageous relative arrangement, the latter being especially central to a large extent (relatively small spacing d2), and especially in the case of optimized flow profiles. The relatively large cross-section Q14 of the channel shown on the right enables a strong flow effect of the incoming gas G1, especially through a large height portion.

在圖5中示出相應的通道14.2的內側壁/邊緣與分階空氣管槽14.1的外側壁/邊緣之間在x方向上的相互間距d2，其特別地設置成在加熱煙道中居中。根據本發明的該間距d2非常小，特別是30至100mm，較佳為50至70mm。根據本發明，通道14.2(特別是在分階空氣管槽14.1的中心佈置的情況下)可在x方向上盡可能緊密地相鄰定位。 FIG. 5 shows the mutual distance d2 in the x direction between the inner side wall/edge of the corresponding channel 14.2 and the outer side wall/edge of the stepped air tube groove 14.1, which is specifically arranged to be centered in the heating flue. The distance d2 according to the invention is very small, in particular 30 to 100 mm, preferably 50 to 70 mm. According to the invention, the channels 14.2 (especially in the case where the center of the stepped air tube groove 14.1 is arranged) can be positioned as close to each other as possible in the x direction.

圖6示出具有兩個分階空氣管槽的佈置，所述兩個分階空氣管槽在多個高度位置處分別通向加熱管槽。在最上面的分階空氣出口下方的所有下部通道14.2是中心設置的，特別是相對於中位縱向軸線對稱。另外兩對下部通道(四個通道)設置在分階空氣入口14.11上方的寬度位置(x)處，該寬度位置(x)至少大約對應於分階氣體出口14.11的寬度位置。成對的通道也可以設置在多個高度位置，也可以橫向直接彼此相鄰。 FIG. 6 shows an arrangement with two stepped air tube slots, which lead to the heating tube slots at multiple height positions, respectively. All lower channels 14.2 below the uppermost stepped air outlet are centrally arranged, especially symmetrical with respect to the median longitudinal axis. The other two pairs of lower channels (four channels) are provided at the width position (x) above the staged air inlet 14.11, and the width position (x) at least approximately corresponds to the width position of the staged gas outlet 14.11. The paired channels may also be arranged at multiple height positions, or may be directly adjacent to each other laterally.

或者，下部通道也可以建構成比上部通道窄和/或比最上面的下部通道窄。最上面的下部通道也可以設置為單個通道(非成對)，並且以分階氣體可以流過/沿著相應的通道流動並與再循環氣體混合這樣的方式設置在寬度位置。 Alternatively, the lower channel may be constructed narrower than the upper channel and/or narrower than the uppermost lower channel. The uppermost lower channel may also be arranged as a single channel (unpaired), and arranged in the width position in such a way that the stepped gas can flow/follow the corresponding channel and mix with the recirculated gas.

圖7示出具有兩個分階空氣管槽的佈置，所述兩個分階空氣管槽在各個下部通道14.2之間的高度位置處共同地中心通向加熱管槽，其中在相應的分階空氣管槽可選地設置另外的分開的分階空氣出口。中心分階空氣入口14.11特別是在寬度上延伸，該寬度與位於其上方的下部通道完全重疊。下部通道設置成在x方向上以偏移x2相互偏移。偏移x2還提供了特別寬的均勻流動(沒有更強烈流動核心)的優點，特別是在通道14.2的x方向上相對寬的情況下。因此，可以設計循環流動以使其更均勻。可任選地提供多個上部通道。在圖6所示的佈置的情況下也可以提供這種偏移。 FIG. 7 shows an arrangement with two stepped air tube slots, which at the height position between the respective lower channels 14.2 together centrally lead to the heating tube slot, with the corresponding step The air tube slot is optionally provided with additional separate stepped air outlets. The central stepped air inlet 14.11 extends in particular in width, which completely overlaps the lower channel above it. The lower channels are arranged to be offset from each other with an offset of x2 in the x direction. The offset x2 also provides the advantage of a particularly wide uniform flow (no more intense flow core), especially if the channel 14.2 is relatively wide in the x direction. Therefore, the circulation flow can be designed to make it more uniform. Multiple upper channels can optionally be provided. This offset can also be provided in the case of the arrangement shown in FIG. 6.

在圖7中示出x方向上的偏移x2。相鄰通道14.2之間的這種偏移特別是50至100mm，並提供正熱分佈的優點。 The offset x2 in the x direction is shown in FIG. 7. This offset between adjacent channels 14.2 is in particular 50 to 100 mm and provides the advantage of positive heat distribution.

以下將參照圖8A、8B、8C、8D、8E透過另一示例性實施例描述根據本發明的各個入口和通道的間距和相對位置。 The pitches and relative positions of the various inlets and channels according to the present invention will be described below through another exemplary embodiment with reference to FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, and 8E.

入口16、17、18以相互相對的方式佈置，並且在x方向上與中位縱向軸線間隔開，以盡可能靠近在圖8A中(的一些加熱管槽中)示意性地示出的錯縫順磚式砌合的壁15。可以在每個加熱管槽中選擇或改變這種佈置。 The inlets 16, 17, 18 are arranged opposite to each other, and are spaced from the median longitudinal axis in the x direction to be as close as possible to the staggered gaps shown schematically in (some of the heating tube grooves) in FIG. 8A顺砖式组合的墙15。 Brick wall 15 along the brick type. This arrangement can be selected or changed in each heating tube slot.

在圖8B中示出，沿x方向的入口16、17、18被設置成比通道14.2更遠。通道以相互間距d14設置，該間距d14小於入口的間距d15。 As shown in FIG. 8B, the inlets 16, 17, 18 in the x direction are arranged farther than the channel 14.2. The channels are arranged at a mutual distance d14, which is smaller than the inlet distance d15.

在圖8C中示出，分階氣體G5最遠地以中心方式向中央流動，進一步向外在再循環氣體G4的兩側具有層流，後者在每種情況下進一步向外具有進入的氣體G1、G1a、G1b的層流。為了提高清晰度，圖8C中所示的角度α，特別是與焦爐氣體入口18相關，被設定為誇張地放大。根據本發明，角度α可以特別小，特別是朝向零收斂，或者是0°。取決於中位部分的設計實施例，在5至10°的範圍內的角度也可以是在構造和工廠技術方面的額外努力與所實現的流體效果之間的合理折衷。 As shown in FIG. 8C, the staged gas G5 flows furthest in the center to the center, further outwards with laminar flow on both sides of the recirculated gas G4, which in each case further outwards has the incoming gas G1 Laminar flow of G1a and G1b. In order to improve the clarity, the angle α shown in FIG. 8C, especially related to the coke oven gas inlet 18, is set to be exaggeratedly enlarged. According to the invention, the angle α can be particularly small, in particular converging towards zero, or 0°. Depending on the design embodiment of the central part, angles in the range of 5 to 10° can also be a reasonable compromise between the additional effort in construction and plant technology and the fluid effect achieved.

在佈置、數量和幾何形狀方面，圖8C中所示的通道14.2或分階氣體入口14.11可以根據圖2至7中討論的變型而變化。從圖8C中所示的各個氣流G1、G1a、G4、G5可以看出，根據本發明，氣體流動分離或平行流動分別可以至少在特定高度部分實現。 In terms of arrangement, number and geometry, the channels 14.2 or the stepped gas inlet 14.11 shown in FIG. 8C can be varied according to the variants discussed in FIGS. 2 to 7. As can be seen from the respective gas flows G1, G1a, G4, and G5 shown in FIG. 8C, according to the present invention, gas flow separation or parallel flow can be achieved at least at specific height portions, respectively.

通道14.2在x方向上的相互間距d14相對較小，特別是小於加熱管槽寬度(x)的50%、45%、40%、35%或30%。焦爐氣體入口18在x方向上與另外的入口16、17的間距d15相對較大，特別是大於加熱管槽寬度(x)的70%、75%、80%或85%。間距d15明顯大於間距d14，特別是大至少35%、40%、45%、50%或55%。相應通道14.2與錯縫順磚式砌合的壁3的內壁的間距x14相對較大，特別是大於(在通道的情況下成對的)加熱管槽寬度(x)的35%、40%或45%。間距x14特別較佳地至少大於加熱管槽寬度(x)的40%，特別是在基底區域中。來自錯縫順磚式砌合的壁15的入口6、8的間距x16、x18相對較小，特別是小於加熱管槽寬度(x)的20%、15%或10%。間距x16、x18在每種情況下小於間距x14。特別地，間距x14是間距x16、x18的尺寸的至少兩倍或至少三倍。 The mutual distance d14 of the channels 14.2 in the x direction is relatively small, especially less than 50%, 45%, 40%, 35% or 30% of the width (x) of the heating tube groove. The distance d15 between the coke oven gas inlet 18 and the other inlets 16 and 17 in the x direction is relatively large, especially larger than 70%, 75%, 80% or 85% of the heating tube groove width (x). The distance d15 is significantly larger than the distance d14, especially at least 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% or 55%. The distance x14 between the corresponding channel 14.2 and the inner wall of the staggered brick-walled wall 3 is relatively large, especially greater than (35%, 40%) of the width (x) of the heating tube groove (in the case of a channel) Or 45%. The distance x14 is particularly preferably at least greater than 40% of the heating tube groove width (x), especially in the base area. The spacing x16, x18 of the inlets 6, 8 from the staggered brick-walled wall 15 is relatively small, especially less than 20%, 15%, or 10% of the width (x) of the heating tube groove. The spacing x16, x18 is smaller than the spacing x14 in each case. In particular, the pitch x14 is at least twice or at least three times the size of the pitch x16, x18.

以下將參考圖8B至8E描述各個氣體流動。根據本發明，相應的氣體流動路徑GP1分別標識透過入口引入的至少一種氣體G1的流入路徑或流動路徑。根據本發明，相應的氣體流動路徑GP4標識再循環廢氣/煙氣G4的流動路徑，並且根據本發明，相應的氣體流動路徑GP5標識以分階方式引入的氣體G5的流動路徑。 Each gas flow will be described below with reference to FIGS. 8B to 8E. According to the invention, the corresponding gas flow path GP1 respectively identifies the inflow path or flow path of at least one gas G1 introduced through the inlet. According to the invention, the corresponding gas flow path GP4 identifies the flow path of the recirculated exhaust gas/flue gas G4, and according to the invention, the corresponding gas flow path GP5 identifies the flow path of the gas G5 introduced in a stepwise manner.

在圖8C、8E中所示的流入角α，特別是對於焦爐氣體，在每種情況下相對於z軸較佳地小於30°，特別是小於10°。流入角α也可以類似的方式實施，用於另外的入口17、18。 The inflow angle α shown in FIGS. 8C, 8E, especially for coke oven gas, is preferably less than 30°, in particular less than 10° relative to the z axis in each case. The inflow angle α can also be implemented in a similar manner for the additional inlets 17,18.

各個入口相應的y位置尤其可以是中心的。 In particular, the corresponding y-position of each inlet can be central.

在相應的入口和通道的上下文中提到的間距和相對位置，至少在隨後與相鄰氣體流動混合的上游的部分中也可以往復方式與相應的氣體流動路徑/循環流動路徑的間距和相對位置相關。 The distances and relative positions mentioned in the context of the respective inlets and channels can also be reciprocated with the distances and relative positions of the corresponding gas flow path/circulation flow path at least in the upstream part which is subsequently mixed with the adjacent gas flow Related.

y-z平面中的通道橫截面如圖9所示。從上方發出的再循環氣體G4流過相應的下部通道14.2並且還再次朝向頂部流出。這裡的氣體G4以層狀方式圍繞兩個圓形流動邊緣14.21流動並流過兩個尖銳的流動邊緣14.22。隔板14透過向下的凸曲率界定頂部的通道。這有利於低流動阻力。隔板14還界定底部的通道。目前具有非常緊密半徑的循環流動因此可在沒有任何強烈紊流(turbulence)的情況下流過通道並且被轉移到頂部。一個或多個尖銳邊緣14.22可界定到底部的流動。透過進入新氣體的方式，這種類型的流動最佳化也能夠實現很好的效果。特別地，再循環氣體G4不產生任何紊流，或僅產生輕微的紊流，從而可以透過入口有效地最佳化流動分佈。 The cross section of the channel in the y-z plane is shown in FIG. 9. The recirculated gas G4 emitted from above flows through the corresponding lower channel 14.2 and also flows out towards the top again. The gas G4 here flows in a layered manner around the two circular flow edges 14.21 and flows over the two sharp flow edges 14.22. The partition 14 defines a channel at the top through the downward convex curvature. This facilitates low flow resistance. The partition 14 also defines the bottom channel. The current circulating flow with a very tight radius can therefore flow through the channel and be transferred to the top without any strong turbulence. One or more sharp edges 14.22 may define the flow to the bottom. By entering new gas, this type of flow optimization can also achieve good results. In particular, the recirculated gas G4 does not generate any turbulence, or only a slight turbulence, so that the flow distribution can be effectively optimized through the inlet.

在圖10中示意性地示出焦爐裝置10可具有控制單元20，該控制單元20被指定用於控制/調節如上所述的體積流動V(t)之一，特別是至少體積流動G1、G1a、G1b、G4、G5、G6。控制和設定體積流動能夠影響相應的加熱管槽11、12中的流動和溫度分佈。因此，NOx的排放也可以透過體積流動間接地設定。 FIG. 10 schematically shows that the coke oven device 10 may have a control unit 20 designated for controlling/regulating one of the volume flows V(t) as described above, in particular at least the volume flow G1 G1a, G1b, G4, G5, G6. Controlling and setting the volumetric flow can affect the flow and temperature distribution in the corresponding heating tube slots 11,12. Therefore, NOx emissions can also be set indirectly through volume flow.

圖11、12示出圖5中所示的示例性實施例的變型。在圖11中佈置在最上面的分階空氣出口上方的一些下部通道被成對配置，其中提供單個相對大、相對寬的下部通道。 11 and 12 show a modification of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5. Some lower channels arranged above the uppermost stepped air outlet in FIG. 11 are configured in pairs, wherein a single relatively large, relatively wide lower channel is provided.

在圖12中最下面的分階氣體開口和燃燒爐平面之間僅設置兩個再循環通道，特別是在大於500mm的相對高的高度位置。這使得能夠省去設置在基底區域中更下方的通道。 Only two recirculation channels are provided between the lowermost stepped gas opening in FIG. 12 and the burner plane, especially at a relatively high height position greater than 500 mm. This makes it possible to omit channels arranged further down in the base area.

圖2至12中所示的入口和通道的位置以示例性方式示出。每個入口或通道可以單獨設置和對齊。所示的示例性實施例也可以特別地透過改變下部通道的佈置而變化。 The positions of the inlets and channels shown in FIGS. 2 to 12 are shown in an exemplary manner. Each inlet or channel can be set and aligned individually. The exemplary embodiment shown can also be varied in particular by changing the arrangement of the lower channel.

可以執行通道的佈置和尺寸的變化，特別是設置在最上面的分階空氣出口上方的通道和/或設置在各個分階空氣出口之間的高度位置處的通道，特別是參考圖5、6、11、12的示例性實施例，在每種情況下透過成對地轉換成通道。在所述通道進一步向上重新定位到高於500mm的高度範圍的情況下，也可以省去設置在基底區域中的一些或所有通道。分階空氣出口的數量或具有階段的高度位置的數量不限於所示的變型。 Changes in the arrangement and size of the channels can be performed, in particular channels arranged above the uppermost staged air outlets and/or channels arranged at height positions between the individual staged air outlets, especially with reference to FIGS. 5, 6 The exemplary embodiments of, 11, 12 are converted into channels in pairs in each case. In the case where the channels are further repositioned upwards to a height range higher than 500 mm, some or all of the channels provided in the base area can also be omitted. The number of stepped air outlets or the number of height positions with stages is not limited to the variants shown.

14.1‧‧‧隔板上的管槽或分階空氣管槽 14.1‧‧‧Tube groove or stepped air tube groove on the partition

14.11‧‧‧來自/到加熱管槽的分階管槽上的燃燒階段或分階空氣入口或出口 14.11‧‧‧ Combustion stage or staged air inlet or outlet on/from the heated tube slot

14.2‧‧‧耦接兩個加熱管槽的通道 14.2‧‧‧Channels coupling two heating tube slots

d14‧‧‧根據本發明的雙加熱煙道在通道14.2的x方向上的相互間隔 d14‧‧‧ The space between the dual heating flues according to the invention in the x direction of the channel 14.2

G5‧‧‧來自燃燒階段的分階氣體或分階空氣 G5‧‧‧ Staged gas or staged air from the combustion stage

GP1‧‧‧流入路徑或流動路徑，分別用於透過入口引入的至少一種氣體 GP1‧‧‧Inflow path or flow path, respectively used for at least one gas introduced through the inlet

GP4‧‧‧再循環廢氣/煙氣的流動路徑 GP4‧‧‧Recirculation exhaust gas/flue gas flow path

GP5‧‧‧以分階方式引入氣體的流動路徑 GP5‧‧‧Introduction of gas flow path in a stepwise manner

x‧‧‧水平方向(寬度或長度) x‧‧‧horizontal direction (width or length)

x14‧‧‧根據本發明的通道14.2與錯縫順磚式砌合的壁的間隔 x14‧‧‧The distance between the channel 14.2 according to the present invention and the staggered brick wall

y‧‧‧深度或水平噴射方向 y‧‧‧Depth or horizontal spray direction

z‧‧‧垂直方向(垂直軸) z‧‧‧Vertical direction (vertical axis)

α‧‧‧焦爐氣體相對於z軸(垂直)的流入角 α‧‧‧Inflow angle of coke oven gas relative to z axis (vertical)

Claims (14)

一種焦爐裝置(10)，用於透過煉焦煤或煤混合物生產焦炭，其中該焦爐裝置係特定用於最小化一氧化二氮的排放，其係透過該焦爐裝置內部的措施，藉由焦爐固有氣體(G1,G4,G5)，通過能量的內部熱均衡來最小化一氧化二氮的排放，該焦爐裝置具有多個雙加熱煙道(13)，每個加熱煙道具有由氣體燃燒的一加熱管槽(11)，以及向下灌注的一廢氣引導加熱管槽(12)，所述加熱管槽在每種情況下透過一隔板(14)彼此成對地界定，並且藉由兩個彼此相對的錯縫順磚式砌合的壁與相應的爐室(10.2)分隔，其中用於在外部循環流動路徑(19.1)上進行內部廢氣再循環(19)之成對的加熱管槽在每種情況下在上端及下端借助一上部耦接通道(14.2)和借助一下部耦接通道彼此流體連接，其中在相應的雙加熱煙道之基底(5.4)的下部區域中，在每種情況下提供選自焦爐氣體入口(18)、燃燒空氣入口(16)、混合氣體入口(17)之群組的至少一個入口，其特徵在於，相應的隔板(14)具有至少一個另一耦接下部和上部通道(14.2)，其設置在比外部循環流動更靠近該等加熱管槽之高度中央的更中位高度的位置，並特定用於一附加的向上或向下內部循環流動，以在一附加的內部循環流動路徑(19.2,19.3)上形成一中間層；其中該燃燒空氣入口(16)和/或混合氣體入口(17)和/或焦爐氣體入口(18)相對於加熱管槽的中位縱向軸線以0°的角度(α)或小於30°的角度對齊，和/或其中至少一個入口，包括一入口噴嘴，並且 在該加熱管槽之基底上方0.0至0.45m的高度位置處通向該加熱管槽(11,12)。 A coke oven device (10) for producing coke through coking coal or coal mixture, wherein the coke oven device is specifically used to minimize the emission of nitrous oxide, which is a measure through the inside of the coke oven device by Coke oven inherent gas (G1, G4, G5), through the internal heat balance of energy to minimize the emission of nitrous oxide, the coke oven device has a plurality of dual heating flue (13), each heating flue has A heating tube groove (11) for gas combustion, and a downwardly injected exhaust gas guide the heating tube groove (12), which in each case are defined in pairs with each other through a partition (14), and It is separated from the corresponding furnace chamber (10.2) by two staggered brick walls facing each other, which are used in pairs for internal exhaust gas recirculation (19) on the external circulation flow path (19.1) The heating tube slots are in each case fluidly connected to each other at the upper and lower ends by an upper coupling channel (14.2) and by a lower coupling channel, wherein in the lower region of the base (5.4) of the corresponding double heating flue, In each case, at least one inlet selected from the group of coke oven gas inlet (18), combustion air inlet (16), mixed gas inlet (17) is provided, characterized in that the corresponding partition (14) has at least One another is coupled to the lower and upper channels (14.2), which is located at a more central height closer to the height center of the heating tube grooves than the external circulation flow, and is specifically used for an additional upward or downward interior Circulation flow to form an intermediate layer on an additional internal circulation flow path (19.2, 19.3); wherein the combustion air inlet (16) and/or mixed gas inlet (17) and/or coke oven gas inlet (18) Aligned at an angle (α) of 0° or less than 30° with respect to the median longitudinal axis of the heating tube groove, and/or at least one of the inlets, including an inlet nozzle, and It leads to the heating tube slot (11, 12) at a height of 0.0 to 0.45m above the base of the heating tube slot. 如請求項1所述之焦爐裝置，其中該附加的內部循環流動路徑(19.2)透過成對的下部及/或上部通道(14.2)延伸，所述下部和/或上部通道在每種情況下成對地設置在至少近似相同的高度位置；及/或其中透過通道(14.2)形成一另外的內部循環流動路徑(19.3)，在外部循環流動路徑(19.1,19.2)上的至少兩個外部循環流動的流動圍繞該內部循環流動路徑。 The coke oven device according to claim 1, wherein the additional internal circulation flow path (19.2) extends through the pair of lower and/or upper channels (14.2), which in each case Arranged in pairs at least at approximately the same height; and/or wherein the passage (14.2) forms an additional internal circulation flow path (19.3), at least two external circulations on the external circulation flow path (19.1, 19.2) The flowing flow surrounds the internal circulation flow path. 如請求項1或2所述之焦爐裝置，其中對應於加熱管槽的寬度(x)設置至少一個廢氣再循環通道，以便比至少一個入口(16,17,18)更中心，並且限定一更中心的流動路徑(GP4)，至少一個進入的氣體(G1,G5)的流動圍繞該流動路徑(GP4)循環。 The coke oven device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one exhaust gas recirculation channel is provided corresponding to the width (x) of the heating tube groove so as to be more central than at least one inlet (16, 17, 18), and defines a A more central flow path (GP4) around which the flow of at least one incoming gas (G1, G5) circulates. 如請求項1所述之焦爐裝置，其中相應的燃燒空氣入口(16)和/或相應的混合氣體入口(17)和/或相應的焦爐氣體入口(18)具有最大0.06m2的橫截面積，和/或其中相應的下部和/或上部廢氣再循環通道(14.2)的橫截面積大於0.005m2。 The coke oven device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the corresponding combustion air inlet (16) and/or the corresponding mixed gas inlet (17) and/or the corresponding coke oven gas inlet (18) have a maximum transverse of 0.06 m 2 The cross-sectional area, and/or the cross-sectional area of the corresponding lower and/or upper exhaust gas recirculation channel (14.2) is greater than 0.005 m 2 . 如請求項1所述之焦爐裝置，其中在該隔板(14)中配置有至少一個的分階空氣管槽(14.1)，該空氣管槽(14.1)具有至少一個分階空氣入口(14.11)；或其中在該隔板(14)中配置至少兩個分階空氣管槽(14.1)，所述分階空氣管槽(14.1)連接在上部/最上部廢氣再循環通道(14.2)上方，並且於所有廢氣再循環通道(14.2)上方的一最上面的分階空氣入口(14.11)通向燃燒的加熱管槽(11)；和/或其中在 至少一個該隔板(14)中配置至少兩個分階空氣管槽(14.1)，所述分階空氣管槽(14.1)於上部/最上部廢氣再循環通道(14.2)的上方，於位在所有廢氣再循環通道上方的兩個最上面的步進空氣入口(14.11)通向燃燒的加熱管槽(11)。 The coke oven device according to claim 1, wherein at least one stepped air tube slot (14.1) is arranged in the partition plate (14), and the air tube slot (14.1) has at least one stepped air inlet (14.11) ); or wherein at least two staged air tube slots (14.1) are arranged in the partition (14), the staged air tube slots (14.1) are connected above the upper/uppermost exhaust gas recirculation channel (14.2), And an uppermost staged air inlet (14.11) above all exhaust gas recirculation channels (14.2) leads to the combustion heating tube slot (11); and/or where At least one of the partitions (14) is provided with at least two staged air tube slots (14.1), the staged air tube slots (14.1) are located above the upper/uppermost exhaust gas recirculation channel (14.2), and are located in The two uppermost stepping air inlets (14.11) above all exhaust gas recirculation channels lead to the burning heating tube slot (11). 如請求項1所述之焦爐裝置，其中相應的廢氣再循環通道(14.2)具有至少一個循環流動邊緣(14.21)和/或凸曲率；和/或其中相應的廢氣再循環通道具有至少一個尖銳流動邊緣(14.22)和/或凹曲率；和/或其中相應的廢氣再循環通道(14.2)具有至少一個環繞流動輪廓，該環繞流動輪廓具有至少一個半徑和至少一個尖銳流動邊緣。 The coke oven device according to claim 1, wherein the corresponding exhaust gas recirculation channel (14.2) has at least one circulating flow edge (14.21) and/or convex curvature; and/or wherein the corresponding exhaust gas recirculation channel has at least one sharp The flow edge (14.22) and/or concave curvature; and/or wherein the corresponding exhaust gas recirculation channel (14.2) has at least one surrounding flow profile with at least one radius and at least one sharp flow edge. 一種焦爐裝置(10)的操作方法，該焦爐裝置(10)用於透過煉焦煤或煤混合物生產焦炭，透過該焦爐裝置內部的措施藉由焦爐固有氣體(G1,G4,G5)通過內部熱均衡能量，最小化一氧化二氮的排放，其中該焦爐裝置之一相應的雙加熱煙道(13)具有一燃燒的加熱管槽(11)和一廢氣引導管槽(12)，在一隔板(14)周圍的一外部循環流動路徑(19.1)上的一內部廢氣再循環(19)透過至少一個穿過該隔板(14)的耦接上部和下部通道(14.2)來設定，其中在相應的雙加熱煙道之基底(5.4)的下部區域，至少有一種選自焦爐氣體(G1a)、燃燒空氣(G1)、混合氣體(G1b)之群組的氣體進入，其特徵在於，廢氣再循環(19)在至少一個另外的內部循環流動路徑(19.2,19.3)上被引導； 其中該燃燒空氣入口(16)和/或混合氣體入口(17)和/或焦爐氣體入口(18)相對於加熱管槽的中位縱向軸線以0°的角度(α)或小於30°的角度對齊，和/或其中至少一個入口，包括一入口噴嘴，並且在該加熱管槽之基底上方0.0至0.45m的高度位置處通向該加熱管槽(11,12)。 An operation method of a coke oven device (10) for producing coke through coking coal or coal mixture, and through the measures inside the coke oven device by coke oven inherent gas (G1, G4, G5) Minimize nitrous oxide emissions through internal heat balance energy, where a corresponding dual-heat flue (13) of one of the coke oven units has a burning heating tube slot (11) and an exhaust gas guide tube slot (12) , An internal exhaust gas recirculation (19) on an external circulation flow path (19.1) around a partition (14) comes through at least one coupling upper and lower passage (14.2) passing through the partition (14) Setting, in which at least one gas selected from the group of coke oven gas (G1a), combustion air (G1), mixed gas (G1b) enters in the lower area of the base (5.4) of the corresponding dual heating flue, which It is characterized in that the exhaust gas recirculation (19) is guided on at least one additional internal circulation flow path (19.2, 19.3); Where the combustion air inlet (16) and/or mixed gas inlet (17) and/or coke oven gas inlet (18) are at an angle (α) of 0° or less than 30° with respect to the median longitudinal axis of the heating tube slot Angular alignment, and/or at least one of the inlets, including an inlet nozzle, and leading to the heating tube slot (11, 12) at a height of 0.0 to 0.45 m above the base of the heating tube slot. 如請求項7所述之方法，其中廢氣再循環(19)在至少兩個另外的內部循環流動路徑(19.2,19.3)上被引導；和/或其中至少一個另外的內部循環流動(19.2,19.3)被設定成比進入的氣體(G1)更中心，並且比該外部循環流動路徑(19.1)更向內，並且因此由該外部循環流動路徑所界定。 The method according to claim 7, wherein the exhaust gas recirculation (19) is guided on at least two additional internal circulation flow paths (19.2, 19.3); and/or at least one of the additional internal circulation flows (19.2, 19.3 ) Is set to be more central than the incoming gas (G1) and more inward than the external circulation flow path (19.1), and is therefore defined by the external circulation flow path. 如請求項7或8所述之方法，其中在富氣加熱的情況下或在混合氣體加熱的情況下，在循環流動路徑或複數個循環流動路徑(19.1,19.2,19.3)上內部再循環的廢氣比例設定為超過50%；和/或其中用於富氣加熱的方法實質上是使用焦爐氣體，或者使用具有降低的低熱值，是低於17000kJ/Nm3的貧富氣；或其中用於混合氣體加熱的方法實質上是使用高爐氣、焦爐氣和任選的轉化爐氣的一混合物；或其中該方法用天然氣作為焦爐氣的至少部分替代物進行。 The method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein in the case of rich gas heating or mixed gas heating, internally recirculated on the circulating flow path or a plurality of circulating flow paths (19.1, 19.2, 19.3) The proportion of exhaust gas is set to more than 50%; and/or where the method for rich gas heating is essentially the use of coke oven gas, or the use of lean rich gas with a reduced low heating value, which is less than 17000 kJ/Nm 3 ; or where used The method of mixed gas heating is essentially the use of a mixture of blast furnace gas, coke oven gas and optional reformer gas; or where the method is performed with natural gas as at least a partial replacement of coke oven gas. 如請求項7所述之方法，其中在相應加熱管槽(11,12)之基底的燃燒爐平面(5.4)中設定亞化學計量燃燒比<0.9。 The method according to claim 7, wherein a sub-stoichiometric combustion ratio <0.9 is set in the burner plane (5.4) of the base of the corresponding heating tube groove (11, 12). 如請求項7所述之方法，其中借助於該再循環的廢氣(G4)，在該進入的氣體(G1)和一分階空氣管槽(14.1)或來自該分階空氣管槽的 氣體(G5)之間配置一中間層；和/或其中借助於該進入的氣體(G1)，在該相應的錯縫順磚式砌合壁(15)和該循環流動路徑或該等循環流動路徑(19.1,19.2,19.3)之間配置一氣毯。 The method according to claim 7, wherein by means of the recirculated exhaust gas (G4), the incoming gas (G1) and a stepped air tube slot (14.1) or from the stepped air tube slot An intermediate layer is arranged between the gas (G5); and/or wherein by means of the incoming gas (G1), the corresponding staggered brickwork wall (15) and the circulating flow path or the circulating flow An air blanket is arranged between the paths (19.1, 19.2, 19.3). 如請求項7所述之方法，其中在一第一階段和一第二階段(z4)之間引入的氣體量，在該基底(5.4)上透過燃燒空氣和混合氣體入口(16,17)引入的氣體量的比例設定為50：50，或該第一階段的比例更低；和/或其中引入加熱管槽(11,12)的體積流動比例設定如下：透過燃燒空氣入口(16)<30%，透過混合氣體入口(17)<30%，透過再循環通道>40%，且選擇性地至少有一個分階氣體入口(14.11)；和/或其中在燃燒空氣入口和混合氣體入口處引入該爐室的體積流動設定為透過該再循環通道和選擇性地至少一個分階氣體入口引入的體積流動的45%和55%之間。 The method according to claim 7, wherein the amount of gas introduced between a first stage and a second stage (z4) is introduced through the combustion air and mixed gas inlets (16, 17) on the base (5.4) The ratio of the amount of gas is set to 50:50, or the ratio of the first stage is lower; and/or the volume flow ratio in which the heating tube groove (11,12) is introduced is set as follows: through the combustion air inlet (16)<30 %, through the mixed gas inlet (17)<30%, through the recirculation channel>40%, and optionally at least one stepped gas inlet (14.11); and/or where it is introduced at the combustion air inlet and the mixed gas inlet The volume flow of the furnace chamber is set to be between 45% and 55% of the volume flow introduced through the recirculation channel and optionally at least one stepped gas inlet. 一種被指定用於執行如請求項7至12中任一項所述之方法的控制裝置(20)，其中引入該等加熱管槽(11,12)的體積流動(G1,G4,G5)係根據請求項12的比例設定。 A control device (20) designated for performing the method according to any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the volume flow (G1, G4, G5) introduced into the heating tube grooves (11, 12) is Set according to the ratio of claim 12. 一種具有降低的低熱值的貧富氣的用途，其係根據請求項7所述之方法來操作一焦爐裝置，或是根據請求項7所述之焦爐裝置。 A use of rich and poor gas with reduced low heating value is to operate a coke oven device according to the method described in claim 7, or a coke oven device according to claim 7.
TW107121686A 2017-09-15 2018-06-25 Coke oven device having a circular flow path with an encircling flow around it for the production of coke, and method for operating the coke oven device, and control installation, and use thereof TWI681048B (en)

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