EP0329498A1 - Device for moving air in a duct - Google Patents

Device for moving air in a duct Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0329498A1
EP0329498A1 EP89400206A EP89400206A EP0329498A1 EP 0329498 A1 EP0329498 A1 EP 0329498A1 EP 89400206 A EP89400206 A EP 89400206A EP 89400206 A EP89400206 A EP 89400206A EP 0329498 A1 EP0329498 A1 EP 0329498A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
duct
extraction
nozzle
blown
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EP89400206A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0329498B1 (en
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Jacques Paziaud
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Priority to AT89400206T priority Critical patent/ATE80718T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/26—Arrangements for air-circulation by means of induction, e.g. by fluid coupling or thermal effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L17/00—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
    • F23L17/16—Induction apparatus, e.g. steam jet, acting on combustion products beyond the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the setting in motion of air or more generally of fluid in relatively tight ducts, by a low flow of air or of fluid blown or pulsed at high speed in the center of the duct in the desired direction of circulation.
  • VMC controlled mechanical ventilation
  • the invention relates to the setting in motion of air or more generally of a fluid, in relatively tight sheaths, by a low flow of air or of blown or pulsed fluid at high speed, in the center of the sheath, in the desired direction of movement.
  • the invention relates, when the fluid is air: - in new and old construction: . air extraction, most often polluted, . blowing air, most often air conditioned. - in industry : . suction or discharge of dangerous or corrosive fluids or at high temperature, accepting the mixture of a neutral fluid in small proportion but which sets it in motion because it is ejected at high speed.
  • the air flow or fluid entrained in the duct is 5 to 10 times that of the air or the fluid blown or pulsed at high speed.
  • the multiplier effect is from 5 to 10.
  • activated natural ventilation composed of: - a medium and high pressure fan, usually 100 to 300 mm of water column is enough, is placed either on the terrace but most often in the basement, preferably in the boiler room or in a substation, which facilitates maintenance.
  • a vertical duct little used, allows the network to go up to the terrace.
  • the network is placed on the waterproofing, possibly hung at the foot of some stumps.
  • a "barrel" made on a duct connection or possibly directly on the main duct, allows to supply the pipes of small section, ⁇ 20 to 50 mm, flexible or rigid going to each strain.
  • each of the pipes is fixed a rigid stick (made of metal or plastic, 1 to 2 m long approximately) which is slid into the ventilation duct by the top of the stump, most often without having to dismantle the hat of it.
  • - at the end of the stock is an adjustable nozzle to balance the network.
  • the air is blown, for example at a speed of 20 to 30 m / second; in the center of the duct (20 x 20 cm for example) the air jet tends to stick quickly to the walls of the duct and therefore to very well sweep the surface of the latter.
  • a vacuum is created upstream of the air jet, which increases the air flow extracted naturally by thermal draft.
  • some nozzles may be such that at a low flow rate of blown air, this air is blown laterally, thus slowing down the flow rate of natural ventilation by thermal draft.
  • the flow of extracted air is all the more important the colder it is outside.
  • a too strong flow in cold weather especially since the fresh air is very little loaded with water vapor. It is therefore desirable to be able to slow the rate of natural ventilation in very cold weather and to be able to activate it during other seasons.
  • These nozzles would blow laterally: - either because at low flow, the jet reaction on the side walls of the duct will be weaker and the nozzle articulated at its base will tend to tilt by its own weight.
  • the type of natural ventilation activated has the great advantage of no longer being dangerous when individual gas boilers are connected to the ventilation duct: if the fan stops, there is always the thermal draft, while with the VMC there is no technically reliable solution found to date, despite the fatal accidents that have occurred.
  • each mouth gives onto a vertical sheath of a stage leading to a secondary sheath of four stages, for example, the latter being able to lead to a tertiary sheath, being able to go up to sixteen stages, for example, and receiving all the four stages l end of a secondary sheath and so on.
  • the primary sheaths can be on top of each other forming a single sheath having cuts per stage.
  • the secondary sheaths can be one on top of the other, forming a single sheath having cuts every four stages, etc ... - these cuts can be fixed as currently.
  • the cuts could be movable around a point or an axis, opening all together or separately by means of rods, cables running the entire length of the sheath or by electric or pneumatic control.
  • Each cut would be made by a plate, which closed allows a fairly good air tightness between two vertical ducts.
  • the extracted air would be activated in the upper part of the terminal duct by a jet of air blown at high speed outwards from: - a slipped stock as in the old construction from the top of the sheath. - of activation tube, crossing the terminal sheath from bolting provided for this purpose, and curved towards the exit.
  • Air can be activated at different levels in the primary, secondary, and terminal ducts by blowing air jets at high speed from tubes passing through the wall of the sheath by bolting, and bent towards the outlet, the high-pressure air network being most often outside the sheaths.
  • the air could be set in motion, upstream or downstream, of each element of the main network causing significant pressure drops, by a jet of air blown at high speed in the desired direction of circulation.
  • This jet would come from an activation tube passing through the sheath, curved in the direction of air circulation, and connected to a high or medium pressure air hose following the main sheath.
  • the static + dynamic pressure in the main sheath could be controlled at any point, and for example, be low. It is thus possible to adjust at will in each part of the air conditioning network, the direction of the air, and its flow, by playing on the air flow of the only medium pressure network, through activation tubes of small section crossing the sheath of the main air network, and well placed, thanks to small valves, clearly more tight, reliable and less expensive than the traditional air shutters, of a type approaching the hydraulic valves.
  • the air is extracted by traditional extraction ducts by collective ducts (1).
  • a stick (2) having at its end a nozzle (3) which is thus placed in the center of the sheath.
  • This stick is connected to a small diameter pipe (4) which is pricked, by set of stumps, on the roof pipe (5) by a barrel (6).
  • the roof pipe is connected to a vertical sheath (7) passing through an empty duct.
  • This vertical pipe is connected to a horizontal pipe (8) in the basement, the latter going to the medium pressure fan (9) placed in the substation or in the boiler room.
  • This fan is controlled by a regulator (10) acting according to the hours and atmospheric conditions.
  • the superimposed collective conduits are made of rolled metal (1).
  • the primary duct is cut by a metal shutter (11), movable around an off-center horizontal axis (12). In the horizontal position, the flap is applied hermetically to a metal crown (13).
  • the displacement of the superimposed flaps is achieved by a metal rod (14) connected to each flap near the end opposite to the axis, and thus making the entire height of the duct, that is to say as many floors as building. This rod is operated from the roof or the basement.
  • the cleaning of the duct is thus carried out over the entire height, all at once, for example using a special vacuum cleaner.
  • the extraction is activated by a tube (15) screwed onto the wall of the last duct, curved towards the outlet.
  • the air-conditioning supply network (16) is accelerated in places by activation tubes (15) passing through and bolted to the network (16), having as always nozzles (3) at their ends. , and connected to the medium pressure air pipe (5) and controlled by valves (17).
  • These activation tubes can be placed either a little far before an obstacle (exchanger, ...) creating high pressure drops, or after.
  • an activation tube can be placed to accelerate the flow in this duct, if it is in the direction of the network (18) or to stop the air flow, and even reverse the flow direction of air, if he is placed in the opposite direction (19).
  • a "venturi" (20) can be placed in front of the nozzle.
  • FIG. 4 On the smoke duct (21) of a condensing boiler (22) is placed an activation tube (3) connected to a medium pressure fan (9) taking the air outside or in the boiler room.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Duct Arrangements (AREA)
  • Finger-Pressure Massage (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)

Abstract

Method brought about by a weak flow of air or of fluid blown or pulsed at high speed through a nozzle (3) at the centre of the duct (1) in the desired direction of circulation. Application examples are: - method for extraction of air by blowing in the centre of the duct (1), which is open on the outside, and close to the outlet, of a weak flow of air at high speed in the direction of extraction; - regulating blowing method for conditioned air by virtue of a weak flow of air blown at high speed in the centre of the duct (1); - method for moving delicate fluids, for example for the extraction of exhaust vapours in condensation boilers. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne la mise en mouvement de l'air ou plus généralement de fluide dans des gaines rela­tivement étanches, par un faible débit d'air ou de fluide soufflé ou pulsé à grande vitesse au centre de la gaine dans le sens de circulation désiré.
Il existe déjà des ventilations traditionnelles dans lesquelles le mouvement de l'air se fait par des ventilateurs motorisés placés dans la veine d'air, c'est-à-dire, que tout l'air en mouvement traverse le ventilateur. Ces ventilateurs sont héli­coïdes ou centrifuges.The present invention relates to the setting in motion of air or more generally of fluid in relatively tight ducts, by a low flow of air or of fluid blown or pulsed at high speed in the center of the duct in the desired direction of circulation. .
There are already traditional ventilations in which the movement of air is done by motorized fans placed in the air stream, that is to say, all the moving air passes through the ventilator. These fans are helical or centrifugal.

C'est sur ce principe que sont réalisées :
- la ventilation mécanique contrôlées (VMC), qui permet l'extraction mécanique de l'air vicié dans les salles humides (toilettes, salles de bains, cuisines) des logements ou des bâtiments tertiaires ou industriels.
- la climatisation qui permet de souffler de l'air chaud ou froid, suivant les besoins climatiques, dans des locaux.It is on this principle that are carried out:
- controlled mechanical ventilation (VMC), which allows the mechanical extraction of stale air in humid rooms (toilets, bathrooms, kitchens) of housing or tertiary or industrial buildings.
- air conditioning, which blows hot or cold air, depending on climatic needs, into premises.

De même, il existe déjà l'utilisation de jets d'air à grande vitesse :
- dans les éjecto-convecteurs, où de l'air soufflé à grande vitesse, après une batterie de climatisation d'un convecteur, permet à un débit nettement plus important d'air recyclé dans le local, de traverser la batterie, grâce à la dépression créée derrière les buses d'air soufflé à grande vitesse.
- dans le brassage de l'air ambiant dans les grands locaux, par des jets d'air climatisé et à grande vitesse.Similarly, there is already the use of high speed air jets:
- in ejector convectors, where air blown at high speed, after an air conditioning coil of a convector, allows a significantly higher flow of air recycled in the room, to pass through the battery, thanks to the depression created behind the high speed blown air nozzles.
- in the circulation of ambient air in large premises, by air jets of high-speed air conditioning.

Ce principe est donc déjà utilisé que pour de l'air soufflé, seulement dans la partie terminale et en dehors de toute gaine.This principle is therefore already used only for blown air, only in the terminal part and outside any duct.

L'invention concerne la mise en mouvement de l'air ou plus généralement d'un fluide, dans des gaines relativement étanches, par un faible débit d'air ou de fluide soufflé ou pulsé à grande vitesse, au centre de la gaine, dans le sens du mouvement désiré.The invention relates to the setting in motion of air or more generally of a fluid, in relatively tight sheaths, by a low flow of air or of blown or pulsed fluid at high speed, in the center of the sheath, in the desired direction of movement.

Il est ainsi possible d'accélérer la vitesse de l'air ou du fluide dans la gaine à tout endroit, disséminant ainsi la force motrice suivant les besoins, contrôlant mieux les pertes de charges, les hauteurs manométriques et les niveaux acoustiques.It is thus possible to accelerate the speed of the air or the fluid in the sheath in any place, thus disseminating the motive force according to the needs, better controlling the pressure losses, the manometric heights and the acoustic levels.

L'invention concerne, lorsque le fluide est de l'air :
- dans la construction neuve et ancienne :
. l'extraction de l'air, le plus souvent pollué,
. le soufflage de l'air, le plus souvent climatisé.
- dans l'industrie :
. l'aspiration ou le refoulement de fluides dangereux ou corrosifs ou à haute température, acceptant le mélange d'un fluide neutre en faible proportion mais qui le met en mouvement car il est éjecté à grande vitesse.The invention relates, when the fluid is air:
- in new and old construction:
. air extraction, most often polluted,
. blowing air, most often air conditioned.
- in industry :
. suction or discharge of dangerous or corrosive fluids or at high temperature, accepting the mixture of a neutral fluid in small proportion but which sets it in motion because it is ejected at high speed.

Le plus souvent, suivant les formes et les pertes de charge du réseau, le débit d'air ou de fluide entrainé dans la gaine est 5 à 10 fois celui de l'air ou du fluide soufflé ou pulsé à grande vitesse. On dit que l'effet multiplicateur est de 5 à 10.
* Par exemple, dans l'habitat ancien ayant des conduits collec­tifs comme ventilation haute, il est possible de réaliser une venti­lation dite "ventilation naturelle activée" composée de :
- un ventilateur à moyenne et haute pression, le plus souvent 100 à 300 mm de colonne d'eau suffisent, est placé soit en terrasse mais le plus souvent en sous-sol, de préférence en chaufferie ou en sous-station, ce qui en facilite l'entretien.
- un réseau constitué de gaine ou tuyau de faible diamètre (⌀ 100 à 200 mm environ) en PVC, polyéthylène ou autre matériau, va du ventilateur à chaque bâtiment en sous-sol ou en galerie.
- à chaque bâtiment une gaine verticale, peu utilisée, permet de faire monter le réseau jusque sur la terrasse.
- sur la terrasse, le réseau est posé sur l'étanchéité, accroché éventuellement au pied de quelques souches.
- par groupement de souche de ventilation un "barillet" réalisé sur un branchement de gaine ou éventuellement directement sur la gaine principale, permet d'alimenter les canalisations de faible section, ⌀ 20 à 50 mm, souples ou rigides allant à chaque souche.
- au bout de chacune des canalisations est fixée une crosse rigide (en métal ou en plastique de 1 à 2 m de long environ) qui est glissée dans le conduit de ventilation par le sommet de la souche, le plus souvent sans avoir à démonter le chapeau de celle-ci.
- au bout de la crosse se trouve une buse réglable permettant d'équilibrer le réseau. L'air est soufflé, par exemple à une vitesse de 20 à 30 m/seconde ; au centre du conduit (20 x 20 cm par exemple) le jet d'air a tendance à se coller rapidement vers les parois du conduit et donc à très bien balayer la surface de celui-ci. Il se crée une dépression en amont du jet d'air qui augmente d'autant le débit d'air extrait naturellement par tirage thermique. De plus, certaines buses pourront être telles qu'à faible débit d'air soufflé, cet air soit soufflé latéralement, ralentissant ainsi le débit de la ventilation naturelle par tirage thermique. En effet, dans les ventilations naturelles par conduits collectifs le débit d'air extrait est d'autant plus important qu'il fait plus froid dehors. D'où un débit trop fort par grand froid, d'autant plus que l'air neuf est très peu chargé de vapeur d'eau. Il est donc souhaitable de pouvoir ralentir le débit de ventilation naturelle par grand froid et de pouvoir l'activer pendant les autres saisons.
Ces buses souffleraient latéralement :
- soit parce qu'à faible débit, la réaction du jet sur les parois latérales du conduit sera plus faible et que la buse articulée à sa base aura tendance à s'incliner par son propre poids.
- soit par action sur un petit clapet ou volet intérieur à la buse et commandée électriquement ou par air sous pression. Par régulation et programmation la ventilation serait activée quelques heures par jour suivant les besoins et les saisons, en fonction de la température extérieure, de la vitesse du vent, de l'ensoleillement, du degré d'humidité...Most often, depending on the shape and pressure drop of the network, the air flow or fluid entrained in the duct is 5 to 10 times that of the air or the fluid blown or pulsed at high speed. We say that the multiplier effect is from 5 to 10.
* For example, in old housing with collective ducts as high ventilation, it is possible to carry out ventilation called "activated natural ventilation" composed of:
- a medium and high pressure fan, usually 100 to 300 mm of water column is enough, is placed either on the terrace but most often in the basement, preferably in the boiler room or in a substation, which facilitates maintenance.
- a network made up of sheath or pipe of small diameter (⌀ 100 to 200 mm approximately) in PVC, polyethylene or other material, goes from the ventilator to each building in the basement or gallery.
- for each building a vertical duct, little used, allows the network to go up to the terrace.
- on the terrace, the network is placed on the waterproofing, possibly hung at the foot of some stumps.
- by grouping of ventilation stumps a "barrel" made on a duct connection or possibly directly on the main duct, allows to supply the pipes of small section, ⌀ 20 to 50 mm, flexible or rigid going to each strain.
- at the end of each of the pipes is fixed a rigid stick (made of metal or plastic, 1 to 2 m long approximately) which is slid into the ventilation duct by the top of the stump, most often without having to dismantle the hat of it.
- at the end of the stock is an adjustable nozzle to balance the network. The air is blown, for example at a speed of 20 to 30 m / second; in the center of the duct (20 x 20 cm for example) the air jet tends to stick quickly to the walls of the duct and therefore to very well sweep the surface of the latter. A vacuum is created upstream of the air jet, which increases the air flow extracted naturally by thermal draft. In addition, some nozzles may be such that at a low flow rate of blown air, this air is blown laterally, thus slowing down the flow rate of natural ventilation by thermal draft. In fact, in natural ventilation through collective ducts, the flow of extracted air is all the more important the colder it is outside. Hence a too strong flow in cold weather, especially since the fresh air is very little loaded with water vapor. It is therefore desirable to be able to slow the rate of natural ventilation in very cold weather and to be able to activate it during other seasons.
These nozzles would blow laterally:
- either because at low flow, the jet reaction on the side walls of the duct will be weaker and the nozzle articulated at its base will tend to tilt by its own weight.
- either by action on a small valve or flap inside the nozzle and controlled electrically or by pressurized air. By regulation and programming the ventilation would be activated a few hours a day depending on needs and seasons, depending on the outside temperature, wind speed, sunshine, humidity ...

Ainsi, le débit d'air neuf dans les constructions anciennes pourra être maîtrisé et largement diminué par rapport à celui qui existe actuellement, ce qui permettra de notables économies d'énergies. De plus, le confort pourra ainsi être augmenté et les risques de condensation, surtout en demi-saison, disparaîtront.Thus, the flow of fresh air in old buildings can be controlled and greatly reduced compared to that which currently exists, which will allow significant energy savings. In addition, comfort can be increased and the risk of condensation, especially in mid-season, will disappear.

Enfin, le type de ventilation naturelle activée a le grand avantage de ne plus être dangereuse lorsque des chaudières individuelles à gaz sont branchées sur le conduit de ventilation : si le ventilateur s'arrête, il reste toujours le tirage thermique, tandis qu'avec les VMC il n'y a pas de solution techniquement fiable trouvée à ce jour, malgré les accidents mortels intervenus.Finally, the type of natural ventilation activated has the great advantage of no longer being dangerous when individual gas boilers are connected to the ventilation duct: if the fan stops, there is always the thermal draft, while with the VMC there is no technically reliable solution found to date, despite the fatal accidents that have occurred.

De plus, les conditions d'entretien devraient être nettement moins onéreuses qu'avec une VMC.
* Par exemple dans les extractions dans le cadre de construction neuve ou d'extraction :
- la gaine d'extraction peut être comme actuellement, réalisée par une seule gaine principale, la perte de charge des bouches étant assez importante pour équilibrer les débits. Cette concep­tion est meilleure que celle avec une VMC actuelle car la perte de charge du ventilateur est enlevée. Cependant, il n'est pas tota­lement sûr, dans ce cas, que le tirage thermique soit toujours suffi­sant pour empêcher le refoulement des fumées de chaudières à gaz.
- la gaine d'extraction est réalisée en béton, terre cuite ou en métal sous le principe d'un réseau de conduits collectifs (primaire) :
chaque bouche donne sur une gaine verticale d'un étage débou­chant sur une gaine secondaire de quatre étages, par exemple, cette dernière pouvant déboucher sur une gaine tertiaire, pouvant aller jusqu'à seize étages, par exemple, et recevant tous les quatre étages l'extrémité d'une gaine secondaire et ainsi de suite.
- les gaines primaires peuvent être les unes sur les autres formant qu'une seule gaine ayant des coupures par étage.
- les gaines secondaires peuvent être les une sur les autres, formant qu'une seule gaine ayant des coupures tous les quatre étages, etc...
- ces coupures peuvent être fixes comme actuellement. Mais pour des raisons de facilité de fabrication et de nettoyage, les coupures pourraient être mobiles autour d'un point ou d'un axe, s'ouvrant toutes ensemble ou séparément grâce à des tiges, câbles faisant toute la longueur de la gaine ou par commande électrique ou pneumatique.
Chaque coupure serait réalisée par une plaque, qui fermée permet une assez bonne étanchéité à l'air entre deux gaines verticales.
L'air extrait serait activé en partie haute de la gaine terminale par jet d'air soufflé à grande vitesse vers l'exté­rieur à partir :
- d'une crosse glissée comme dans la construction ancienne à partir du sommet de la gaine.
- de tube d'activation, traversant la gaine terminale à partir de boulonnage prévu à cet effet, et courbé vers la sortie.
L'air peut être activé à différents niveaux dans les gaines primaires, secondaires, et terminales par des jets d'air soufflé à grande vitesse à partir de tubes traversant la paroi de la gaine par boulonnage, et courbés vers la sortie, le réseau d'air à haute pression étant le plus souvent à l'extérieur des gaines. Ainsi il est possible d'obtenir les pressions statiques et dynamiques désirés le long des gaines et d'avoir ainsi des gaines plus légères qu'actuellement.
* Par exemple dans un réseau de soufflage d'air climatisé :
L'air pourrait être mis en mouvement, en amont ou en aval, de chaque élément du réseau principal provoquant des pertes de charges importantes, par un jet d'air soufflé à grande vitesse dans le sens de circulation désirée. Ce jet proviendrait d'un tube d'activation traversant la gaine, courbé dans le sens de la circulation de l'air, et relié à un tuyau d'air à haute ou moyenne pression suivant la gaine principale. Ainsi la pression statique + dynamique dans la gaine principale pourrait être contrôlée en tout point, et par exemple, être faible. Il est ainsi possible de régler à volonté dans chaque partie du réseau d'air climatisé, le sens de l'air, et son débit, en jouant sur le débit d'air du seul réseau moyenne pression, à travers des tubes d'activation de faible section traversant la gaine du réseau d'air principal, et bien placés, grâce à des vannes petites, nettement plus étanches, fiables et moins chères que les volets d'air classiques, d'un type se rapprochant des vannes hydrauliques.
* Par exemple dans les chaudières à condensation où les fumées sa­turées d'eau seraient refoulées dehors par soufflage à grande vitesse d'air après l'échangeur, ce qui permettrait de vaincre les pertes de charge de l'échangeur, de diminuer le taux d'humi­dité des fumées, sans risque de corrosion comme actuellement avec les ventilateurs tournants dans les fumées.In addition, maintenance conditions should be significantly less expensive than with a CMV.
* For example in extractions in the context of new construction or extraction:
- The extraction sheath can be as at present, produced by a single main sheath, the pressure drop of the outlets being large enough to balance the flow rates. This design is better than that with a current VMC because the pressure drop of the fan is removed. However, it is not entirely certain, in this case, that the thermal draft is always sufficient to prevent the backflow of fumes from gas boilers.
- the extraction duct is made of concrete, terracotta or metal under the principle of a network of collective conduits (primary):
each mouth gives onto a vertical sheath of a stage leading to a secondary sheath of four stages, for example, the latter being able to lead to a tertiary sheath, being able to go up to sixteen stages, for example, and receiving all the four stages l end of a secondary sheath and so on.
- The primary sheaths can be on top of each other forming a single sheath having cuts per stage.
- the secondary sheaths can be one on top of the other, forming a single sheath having cuts every four stages, etc ...
- these cuts can be fixed as currently. But for reasons of ease of manufacture and cleaning, the cuts could be movable around a point or an axis, opening all together or separately by means of rods, cables running the entire length of the sheath or by electric or pneumatic control.
Each cut would be made by a plate, which closed allows a fairly good air tightness between two vertical ducts.
The extracted air would be activated in the upper part of the terminal duct by a jet of air blown at high speed outwards from:
- a slipped stock as in the old construction from the top of the sheath.
- of activation tube, crossing the terminal sheath from bolting provided for this purpose, and curved towards the exit.
Air can be activated at different levels in the primary, secondary, and terminal ducts by blowing air jets at high speed from tubes passing through the wall of the sheath by bolting, and bent towards the outlet, the high-pressure air network being most often outside the sheaths. Thus it is possible to obtain the desired static and dynamic pressures along the sheaths and thus to have lighter sheaths than at present.
* For example in a supply air conditioning network:
The air could be set in motion, upstream or downstream, of each element of the main network causing significant pressure drops, by a jet of air blown at high speed in the desired direction of circulation. This jet would come from an activation tube passing through the sheath, curved in the direction of air circulation, and connected to a high or medium pressure air hose following the main sheath. Thus the static + dynamic pressure in the main sheath could be controlled at any point, and for example, be low. It is thus possible to adjust at will in each part of the air conditioning network, the direction of the air, and its flow, by playing on the air flow of the only medium pressure network, through activation tubes of small section crossing the sheath of the main air network, and well placed, thanks to small valves, clearly more tight, reliable and less expensive than the traditional air shutters, of a type approaching the hydraulic valves.
* For example in condensing boilers where the water-saturated fumes would be expelled outside by blowing at high speed of air after the exchanger, which would overcome the pressure losses of the exchanger, reduce the rate of humidity of the smoke, without risk of corrosion as currently with rotating fans in the smoke.

L'invention sera explicitée de façon purement indica­tive au cours de la description qui va suivre, en référence aux dessins annexés :

  • - La figure 1 est un exemple de "ventilation naturelle activée" dans une construction ancienne ayant une ventilation haute d'extraction par conduits collectifs.
  • - La figure 2 est un exemple de "ventilation naturelle activée" dans une construction neuve avec des gaines d'extraction shunt superposées.
  • - La figure 3 est un exemple de soufflage d'air climatisé.
  • La figure 4 est un exemple de refoulement de fluide corrosif, ici dans le cas de chaudière à condensation.
The invention will be explained in a purely indicative manner during the description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings:
  • - Figure 1 is an example of "activated natural ventilation" in an old building with high extraction ventilation through collective ducts.
  • - Figure 2 is an example of "activated natural ventilation" in a new construction with superimposed shunt extraction ducts.
  • - Figure 3 is an example of air conditioning blowing.
  • Figure 4 is an example of a corrosive fluid delivery, here in the case of a condensing boiler.

A la figure 1, l'air est extrait par des gaines d'extraction traditionnelles par conduits collectifs (1). Au sommet de la gaine est glissée une crosse (2) ayant à son extrémité une buse (3) qui est ainsi placée au centre de la gaine. Cette crosse est reliée à une canalisation de faible diamètre (4) qui est piquée, par ensemble de souches, sur la canalisation en toiture (5) par un barillet (6). La canalisation en toiture est reliée à une gaine verticale (7) passant par un conduit vide. Cette canalisation verticale est reliée à une canalisation horizontale (8) en sous-sol, celle-ci allant au ventilateur (9) moyenne pression placé en sous-station ou en chaufferie. Ce ventilateur est commandé par un régulateur (10) agissant en fonction des heures et des conditions atmosphériques.In Figure 1, the air is extracted by traditional extraction ducts by collective ducts (1). At the top of the sheath is slipped a stick (2) having at its end a nozzle (3) which is thus placed in the center of the sheath. This stick is connected to a small diameter pipe (4) which is pricked, by set of stumps, on the roof pipe (5) by a barrel (6). The roof pipe is connected to a vertical sheath (7) passing through an empty duct. This vertical pipe is connected to a horizontal pipe (8) in the basement, the latter going to the medium pressure fan (9) placed in the substation or in the boiler room. This fan is controlled by a regulator (10) acting according to the hours and atmospheric conditions.

A la figure 2, les conduits collectifs superposés sont en métal enroulé (1). A chaque étage, le conduit primaire est coupé par un volet métallique (11), mobile autour d'un axe horizontal décentré (12). En position horizontale, le volet s'applique hermétiquement sur une couronne métallique (13). Le déplacement des volets superposés est réalisé par une tige métallique (14) reliée à chaque volet près de l'extrémité opposée à l'axe, et faisant ainsi toute la hauteur du conduit, c'est-­à-dire autant d'étage que le bâtiment. Cette tige est manoeuvrée de la toiture ou du sous-sol. Le nettoyage du conduit se fait ainsi sur toute la hauteur, en une seule fois, par exemple grâce à un aspirateur spécial. L'extraction est activée par un tube (15) vissé sur la paroi du dernier conduit, courbé vers la sortie.In FIG. 2, the superimposed collective conduits are made of rolled metal (1). On each floor, the primary duct is cut by a metal shutter (11), movable around an off-center horizontal axis (12). In the horizontal position, the flap is applied hermetically to a metal crown (13). The displacement of the superimposed flaps is achieved by a metal rod (14) connected to each flap near the end opposite to the axis, and thus making the entire height of the duct, that is to say as many floors as building. This rod is operated from the roof or the basement. The cleaning of the duct is thus carried out over the entire height, all at once, for example using a special vacuum cleaner. The extraction is activated by a tube (15) screwed onto the wall of the last duct, curved towards the outlet.

A la figure 3, le réseau de soufflage d'air climatisé (16) est accéléré par endroit par des tubes d'activation (15) traversant et boulonné sur le réseau (16), ayant comme toujours des buses (3) à leur extrémité, et reliées à la canalisation (5) d'air moyenne pression et commandées par des vannes (17). Ces tubes d'activation peuvent être placés soit un peu loin avant un obstacle (échangeur, ...) créant de fortes pertes de charge, soit après. Sur des gaines de dérivation, un tube d'activation peut être placé pour accélérer le débit dans cette gaine, s'il est dans le sens du réseau (18) ou pour arrêter le débit d'air, et même inverser le sens du débit d'air, s'il est placé orienté en sens inverse (19). Eventuellement, pour augmenter l'autorité d'un tube d'activation, un "venturi" (20) peut être placé devant la buse.In FIG. 3, the air-conditioning supply network (16) is accelerated in places by activation tubes (15) passing through and bolted to the network (16), having as always nozzles (3) at their ends. , and connected to the medium pressure air pipe (5) and controlled by valves (17). These activation tubes can be placed either a little far before an obstacle (exchanger, ...) creating high pressure drops, or after. On bypass ducts, an activation tube can be placed to accelerate the flow in this duct, if it is in the direction of the network (18) or to stop the air flow, and even reverse the flow direction of air, if he is placed in the opposite direction (19). Optionally, to increase the authority of an activation tube, a "venturi" (20) can be placed in front of the nozzle.

A la figure 4, sur le conduit de fumée (21) d'une chaudière à condensation (22) est placé un tube d'activation (3) relié à un ventilateur moyenne pression (9) prenant l'air à l'extérieur ou en chaufferie.In FIG. 4, on the smoke duct (21) of a condensing boiler (22) is placed an activation tube (3) connected to a medium pressure fan (9) taking the air outside or in the boiler room.

Claims (6)

1) Procédé d'activation d'une gaine collective d'extraction de l'air, dénommé "ventilation naturelle activée", réalisé par un faible débit d'air soufflé à grande vitesse à travers une buse (3) au centre de la gaine dans le sens de l'extraction avec ou sans resserement (2c) faisant effet "Venturi". Il est composé de conduits collectifs d'air extrait (1) ouverts sur l'extérieur, et d'un réseau d'air à moyenne pression comprenant un ventilateur (9) pouvant être commandé par un régulateur (10), souvent installés en chaufferie, un réseau de gaines horizontales et verticales (5, 7, 8, 9) de faible sec­tion. L'air moyenne pression est soufflé au centre du conduit collectif d'air extrait (1), à travers une buse (3), dans le sens de l'extraction, le plus souvent près de son ouverture sur l'extérieur, soit par une crosse glissée (2) à partir de cette ouverture, soit par un tube d'activation (15) boulonné sur le conduit collectif.1) Method for activating a collective air extraction duct, called "activated natural ventilation", produced by a low flow rate of air blown at high speed through a nozzle (3) in the center of the duct in the direction of extraction with or without tightening (2c) giving a "Venturi" effect. It is made up of collective extract air ducts (1) open to the outside, and a medium-pressure air network comprising a fan (9) which can be controlled by a regulator (10), often installed in the boiler room , a network of horizontal and vertical ducts (5, 7, 8, 9) of small section. Medium pressure air is blown in the center of the collective extract air duct (1), through a nozzle (3), in the direction of extraction, most often near its opening to the outside, either by a butt stock slid (2) from this opening, either by an activation tube (15) bolted to the collective duct. 2) Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé par le fait que la buse (3) d'air soufflé à moyenne pression est telle qu'elle puisse souffler l'air soit dans l'axe du conduit (16) pour augmenter le débit d'air extrait, soit latéralement pour le ralentir, soit par action d'une commande électrique ou pneumatique sur une petite vanne dans la buse, soit par le fait que la buse est articulée à sa base et aura tendance à s'incli­ner par son poids, si le débit soufflé diminue, du fait de la diminution de la réaction du jet sur les parois.2) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the nozzle (3) of medium pressure blown air is such that it can blow air is in the axis of the duct (16) to increase the flow of extracted air, either laterally to slow it down, or by the action of an electric or pneumatic control on a small valve in the nozzle, or by the fact that the nozzle is articulated at its base and will tend to tilt by its weight, if the blown flow decreases, due to the decrease in the jet reaction on the walls. 3) Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le conduit collectif est du type "shunt". Ce conduit peut être soit ancien ou neuf mais classique, avec des séparations fixes sur la gaine primaire à chaque étage ; soit neuf pour des bâtiments de grande hauteur mais caractérisé par le fait que toutes les gaines primaires ou secondaires forment une seule gaine verticale mais fermée à chaque étage pour la gaine pri­maire, tous les 4 étages pour la gaine secondaire, par un volet mobile (11) dont l'ouverture est commandée par des tiges métal­liques (14) ou câbles, ou des commandes électriques ou pneuma­ques afin de faciliter la fabrication et le nettoyage.3) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the collective conduit is of the "shunt" type. This duct can be either old or new but classic, with fixed partitions on the primary sheath on each floor; either new for tall buildings but characterized by the fact that all the primary or secondary ducts form a single vertical duct but closed on each floor for the primary duct, every 4 floors for the secondary duct, by a movable flap (11 ) whose opening is controlled by metal rods (14) or cables, or electric or pneumatic controls to facilitate manufacture and cleaning. 4) Dispositif de mise en oeuvre du procédé con­forme à la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce qu'un tube d'acti­vation (3), disposé derrière une chaudière individuelle à gaz, notamment à condensation, souffle de l'air à grande vitesse dans le conduit collectif d'extraction d'air et de fumées dans le sens de l'extraction.4) Device for implementing the method according to claim 1 characterized in that an activation tube (3), disposed behind an individual gas boiler, in particular condensing, blows air at high speed into the collective air and smoke extraction duct in the direction of extraction. 5) Dispositif selon la revendication 1 mais s'appli­quant au soufflage d'air climatisé, caractérisé par le fait que l'air dans la gaine (16) est mis en mouvement par un faible débit d'air soufflé à grande vitesse à partir de tubes activants (15) avec buse (3) soufflant dans le sens du mouvement d'air désiré au centre de la gaine. Ces tubes activants peuvent être reliés à une canalisation primaire d'air moyenne pression (5) par des vannes motorisées (17)5) Device according to claim 1 but applying to the blowing of air conditioning, characterized in that the air in the sheath (16) is set in motion by a low flow of blown air at high speed from activating tubes (15) with nozzle (3) blowing in the direction of the desired air movement in the center of the duct. These activating tubes can be connected to a primary medium-pressure air duct (5) by motorized valves (17) 6) Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé par le fait que le réseau d'air moyenne pression (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) pourra être en pvc, polyéthylène ou d'autres produits de synthèse.6) Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the medium pressure air network (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) may be made of pvc, polyethylene or other synthetic products.
EP89400206A 1988-01-25 1989-01-25 Device for moving air in a duct Expired - Lifetime EP0329498B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89400206T ATE80718T1 (en) 1988-01-25 1989-01-25 DEVICE FOR AIR MOVEMENT IN A DUCT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8800773A FR2626324B1 (en) 1988-01-25 1988-01-25 METHOD FOR MOVING AIR IN A VENTILATION DUCT BY INDUCED AIR JETS AND ITS EXTENSION FOR OTHER FLUIDS
FR8800773 1988-01-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0329498A1 true EP0329498A1 (en) 1989-08-23
EP0329498B1 EP0329498B1 (en) 1992-09-16

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ID=9362581

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89400206A Expired - Lifetime EP0329498B1 (en) 1988-01-25 1989-01-25 Device for moving air in a duct

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EP (1) EP0329498B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE80718T1 (en)
DE (1) DE68902846T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2626324B1 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992014100A1 (en) * 1989-12-19 1992-08-20 ABB Fläkt Oy A method of and a device for mechanically removing gas from a room space
FR2688814A1 (en) * 1992-03-19 1993-09-24 Paziaud Jacques Installation for extracting air from a building
EP0772003A1 (en) 1995-11-03 1997-05-07 André Amphoux Device for drawing off a gas through a conduit for venting it
EP0878672A1 (en) * 1997-05-13 1998-11-18 André Amphoux Ventilation system with supplementary air injection for improved draught
WO2005008131A1 (en) * 2003-06-16 2005-01-27 Timpano, Laura Device for increasing draught in chimneys
EP1845175A1 (en) * 2006-04-11 2007-10-17 Aluminium Pechiney System and process for collecting effluents from an electrolytic cell
EP2853830A1 (en) 2013-06-27 2015-04-01 André Amphoux Ventilation system module and building ventilation system which can be controlled remotely via the internet
EP3477215A1 (en) 2017-10-24 2019-05-01 André Amphoux System for managing fan units

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9630C (en) * D. C. GREEN in Brooklyn (New-York, V: St. v. A.) New to air injector nozzles
BE528949A (en) *
DE68727C (en) * kommanditgesellschaft für Druckluftanlage^, August riedinger & Co., in Augsburg Automatically switching double nozzle for compressed air or the like
US2556899A (en) * 1947-03-27 1951-06-12 William W Broussard Gas removing device
DE1271366B (en) * 1959-10-29 1968-06-27 Plein Wagner Soehne Floor-height side shafts arranged one above the other for ventilating rooms
FR2117318A5 (en) * 1970-12-02 1972-07-21 Integra Lichtenvoorde Nv
DE2851046A1 (en) * 1978-11-25 1980-06-04 Walter Ing Grad Hirsch Ventilation outlet for air conditioning system - with main and secondary air currents at reduced and increased pressure and selective direction control
DE3217782A1 (en) * 1982-05-12 1983-11-24 Horst 5240 Betzdorf Marotzke Process and apparatus for SOx separation and heat recovery from hot exhaust gases with heat pump effect

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DE1159121B (en) * 1962-01-23 1963-12-12 Albert Otto Hemmann Dipl Ing Chimney for the discharge of acidic, moist flue gases at low temperatures

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9630C (en) * D. C. GREEN in Brooklyn (New-York, V: St. v. A.) New to air injector nozzles
BE528949A (en) *
DE68727C (en) * kommanditgesellschaft für Druckluftanlage^, August riedinger & Co., in Augsburg Automatically switching double nozzle for compressed air or the like
US2556899A (en) * 1947-03-27 1951-06-12 William W Broussard Gas removing device
DE1271366B (en) * 1959-10-29 1968-06-27 Plein Wagner Soehne Floor-height side shafts arranged one above the other for ventilating rooms
FR2117318A5 (en) * 1970-12-02 1972-07-21 Integra Lichtenvoorde Nv
DE2851046A1 (en) * 1978-11-25 1980-06-04 Walter Ing Grad Hirsch Ventilation outlet for air conditioning system - with main and secondary air currents at reduced and increased pressure and selective direction control
DE3217782A1 (en) * 1982-05-12 1983-11-24 Horst 5240 Betzdorf Marotzke Process and apparatus for SOx separation and heat recovery from hot exhaust gases with heat pump effect

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992014100A1 (en) * 1989-12-19 1992-08-20 ABB Fläkt Oy A method of and a device for mechanically removing gas from a room space
FR2688814A1 (en) * 1992-03-19 1993-09-24 Paziaud Jacques Installation for extracting air from a building
EP0772003A1 (en) 1995-11-03 1997-05-07 André Amphoux Device for drawing off a gas through a conduit for venting it
EP0878672A1 (en) * 1997-05-13 1998-11-18 André Amphoux Ventilation system with supplementary air injection for improved draught
FR2763390A1 (en) * 1997-05-13 1998-11-20 Andre Amphoux VENTILATION SYSTEM WITH ADDITIONAL AIR INJECTION FOR DRAFT ASSISTANCE
WO2005008131A1 (en) * 2003-06-16 2005-01-27 Timpano, Laura Device for increasing draught in chimneys
EP1845175A1 (en) * 2006-04-11 2007-10-17 Aluminium Pechiney System and process for collecting effluents from an electrolytic cell
WO2007116320A2 (en) * 2006-04-11 2007-10-18 Aluminium Pechiney System and process for collecting effluents from an electrolytic cell
WO2007116320A3 (en) * 2006-04-11 2008-09-04 Pechiney Aluminium System and process for collecting effluents from an electrolytic cell
EP2853830A1 (en) 2013-06-27 2015-04-01 André Amphoux Ventilation system module and building ventilation system which can be controlled remotely via the internet
EP3477215A1 (en) 2017-10-24 2019-05-01 André Amphoux System for managing fan units

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE80718T1 (en) 1992-10-15
EP0329498B1 (en) 1992-09-16
DE68902846D1 (en) 1992-10-22
FR2626324B1 (en) 1993-04-09
DE68902846T2 (en) 1993-04-01
FR2626324A1 (en) 1989-07-28

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