EP0328783B1 - Method of determining a cutting position for printing machines - Google Patents

Method of determining a cutting position for printing machines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0328783B1
EP0328783B1 EP88121745A EP88121745A EP0328783B1 EP 0328783 B1 EP0328783 B1 EP 0328783B1 EP 88121745 A EP88121745 A EP 88121745A EP 88121745 A EP88121745 A EP 88121745A EP 0328783 B1 EP0328783 B1 EP 0328783B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
signals
oscillation
fundamental
frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88121745A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0328783A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Dr. Schroeder
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ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
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Priority to AT88121745T priority Critical patent/ATE74553T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H23/00—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs
    • B65H23/04—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally
    • B65H23/18—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by controlling or regulating the web-advancing mechanism, e.g. mechanism acting on the running web
    • B65H23/188—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by controlling or regulating the web-advancing mechanism, e.g. mechanism acting on the running web in connection with running-web
    • B65H23/1882—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by controlling or regulating the web-advancing mechanism, e.g. mechanism acting on the running web in connection with running-web and controlling longitudinal register of web
    • B65H23/1886—Synchronising two or more webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F13/00—Common details of rotary presses or machines
    • B41F13/02—Conveying or guiding webs through presses or machines
    • B41F13/025—Registering devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
    • B65H2301/40—Type of handling process
    • B65H2301/41—Winding, unwinding
    • B65H2301/414—Winding
    • B65H2301/4148—Winding slitting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/10—Handled articles or webs
    • B65H2701/18—Form of handled article or web
    • B65H2701/186—Several articles or webs processed together
    • B65H2701/1864—Superposed webs

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for determining the cutting position for printing machines according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a prior art, as is known from DE-A1-37 07 866.
  • a method and a device for controlling and adjusting the organs of printing and cartoning machines is described, in which information relating to the passage of a paper web is compared by means of a computing unit.
  • registration marks applied to the paper web are detected by movable and fixed reading heads which are arranged above and below the paper web.
  • the movable read heads detect registration marks for printing and the fixed read heads registration marks for the prefabrication.
  • a screen enables direct control and setting of the machine organs.
  • registration marks or so-called registration marks must be printed on the paper web, the position of which must then be evaluated.
  • newspaper printing in particular, it is undesirable to print such registration marks because they change the product.
  • the desired accuracy of such regulations requires considerable technical and economic effort both when applying and when recognizing the smallest possible marks.
  • the invention solves the problem of determining the cutting position of individual paper webs without registering marks.
  • An advantage of the invention is that no moving parts are required to carry out the method.
  • the process can be used with all brand-typical printing control systems.
  • the device for carrying out the method can be retrofitted to existing printing machines with little effort.
  • the result of the interface determination can be made available via a standardized interface for readjusting the cutting register.
  • RW1 and RW2 are used to indicate roll changers, each with 2 unprinted paper rolls, each of which a paper web Pa or Pb is fed to a printing unit 1, 2 with an impression cylinder 1 and 4 printing rollers 2. From there, the now printed paper is fed via fixed rollers or guide rollers 3 and 4 to a main register or a register spindle 5 which is displaceable with respect to the transport direction of the paper and which can be adjusted or regulated in its position by means of a servomotor M2 or M4 is.
  • the paper web Pa or Pb reaches a knife for the longitudinal cutting of the paper web or to a cutting unit 8, in which the paper web Pa is divided into 2 paper webs P1 and P2 of the same width and the paper web Pb is divided into 2 paper webs P3 and P4 of the same width becomes.
  • the paper webs P2 and P4 are each transported via a hopper inlet guide roller 10, a common roller or guide roller 12 and a folding former 13 to a folding jaw cylinder with a cross cutter 14 which has a pulse generator for a synchronization pulse or a synchronization signal S syn .
  • the synchronization signal S syn supplied by the pulse generator is detected by means of a pulse detector 15, preferably one pulse per revolution of the jaw cylinder.
  • the paper webs P1 and P3 are each transported via a turning bar 9 and a roller 4 via a secondary register 7 which can be moved with respect to a transport direction 6 of the paper, a funnel inlet guide roller 10, the common roller 12 and the folding former 13 to the folding jaw cylinder 14.
  • the position of the secondary registers 7 is adjusted or regulated by means of servomotors M1 or M3.
  • S M1 -S M4 designate control signals for the servomotors M1-M4.
  • each funnel inlet guide roller 10 At a distance of a few millimeters above each funnel inlet guide roller 10, 4 photodetectors or photocells 11 are arranged one behind the other at the same distance on a photocell carrier 20, cf. Fig. 2, of which only one photocell 11 can be seen in Fig. 1. From the 4 photocells 11 above the paper web P1 there are brightness signals H A1 ... H D1 , from those above the paper web P2 brightness signals H A2 ... H D2 , from those above P3 brightness signals H A3 ... H D3 and from those above P4 brightness signals H A4 ... H D4 derived or detected.
  • H A1 ... H D1 From the 4 photocells 11 above the paper web P1 there are brightness signals H A1 ... H D1 , from those above the paper web P2 brightness signals H A2 ... H D2 , from those above P3 brightness signals H A3 ... H D3 and from those above P4 brightness signals H A4 ... H D4 derived or detected.
  • the paper webs P1 - P4 lie one above the other from the common roll 12. They are folded in the former 13 and folded and cut into newspapers 16 in the folding cylinder with a cross cutter 14.
  • the waste switch 17 is switched from the waste bin 18 to the waste bin 19 when the main and secondary registers 5 and 7 and other adjustable elements (not shown) are correctly positioned when the printing press starts up.
  • the photocells 11 show the arrangement of 4 photocells 11 on the photocell carrier 20 in a row transverse to the paper web P1.
  • the photocells 11 have 4 mm - 5 mm wide gaps (not shown), through which they detect brightness information on the surface of the paper web P1 along imaginary scanning lines A1 - D1 in the paper travel direction and, depending on this, deliver brightness signals H A1 - H D1 .
  • FIG. 3 shows an evaluation device for determining the cutting position or for generating the control signal S M1 for the control motor M1 as a function of the brightness signals H A1 -H D1 , the good signal S G and the synchronization signal S syn .
  • the brightness signals H A1 - H D1 are fed via analog-digital converters 21 to the 1st computers or microprocessors 22, in which the digitized brightness signals are temporarily stored and, started by the synchronization signal S syn , are subjected to a fast Fourier transformation.
  • a A1 is the amplitude
  • ⁇ A1 means the argument or the phase of the complex number, based on the scanning line A1.
  • the same evaluation is carried out with respect to the scanning lines B1-D1.
  • the quantities a A1 , ⁇ A1 ... a D1 , ⁇ D1 are fed to a second computer or microprocessor 23, in which the 4 amplitudes a A1 ... a D1 are compared with one another.
  • the largest amplitude max (a A1 ... a D1 ) is selected and with it the associated argument or phase, which is to be denoted by ⁇ x .
  • This current ⁇ x is stored as the reference phase position ⁇ Ref .
  • n stands for one of the values 1-4, ie for one of the measurement and evaluation channels 1-4, assigned to the paper webs P1-P4.
  • the secondary register 7 is controlled in dependence on the control signal S M1 so that the phase difference ⁇ 1 goes to a 0. Since all registers 5 and 7 are regulated in this way, an automatic readjustment of these registers can be achieved during operation. This is particularly necessary if the printing press is brought from a low to a high production speed after the waste switch 17 has been closed. This acceleration changes the paper web tension and thus the paper web length, so that the main and secondary registers have to be readjusted.
  • FIG. 4 shows, as an example, brightness signals H A1 as a function of time t in arbitrary units.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fundamental vibration a corresponding to the brightness signals H A1 from FIG. 4 and calculated by means of Fourier analysis, with an amplitude a A1 , the frequency f1 and the phase position ⁇ A1 as a function of time t, where a and t are given in arbitrary units.
  • the printing press is started at a time t0.
  • the relative position of the paper webs P1 - P4 to one another is controlled by cut registers, ie the main and secondary registers 5 and 7.
  • the cutting registers are set manually at the beginning of each production by printers at low speeds of the printing press between times t1-t3, with a steep increase between t1 and time t2 in order to produce as little waste as possible.
  • the printer closes the waste gate 17 (dashed position in FIG. 1) after the cut registers are correctly positioned.
  • the printing press is then brought to full speed up to a point in time t4.
  • the acceleration changes the paper web tension and thus the paper web length, so that the cutting registers 5 and 7 have to be adjusted by means of control signals S M1 - S M4 .
  • the paper speed then remains constant until an assumed paper tear at time t5. Within approx. 10 s, the speed drops back to 0 at time t6. At time t7, it is started again, the printing press being brought back to full speed in a time interval t8-t9.
  • the same printed pages either follow one another directly in the production type "double” with the page sequence cccc ... or at periodic intervals in the production type "collect” with the page sequence cdcdcd ...
  • the brightness values 4 stationary photocells 11 along 4 equally spaced scanning lines A1-D1 are scanned on each paper web in a sufficiently fine time grid, cf. 4, so that there is a temporally periodic pattern of brightness values H A1 -H D1 for each scanning line.
  • the amplitude, for example a A1 , the frequency f1 and the phase position ⁇ A1 of the fundamental of this periodic pattern can be determined cyclically for each scanning line A1-D1, cf. Fig. 5.
  • the current phase position ⁇ x is measured cyclically between the synchronizing signal S syn of the jaw cylinder 14 and the next zero crossing of the fundamental, cf. Fig. 5.
  • the reference phase position ⁇ Ref is the phase position ⁇ x at a point in time t3 at which the position of the associated cutting register 5, 7 is felt to be optimal by the printer, ie at which the cutting position determination is activated externally by closing the waste switch 17 .
  • each of the four imaginary zone groups of the paper web is above the middle (scanning lines A1 - D1), cf. Fig. 2 attached a photocell. That photocell is then considered active or used to determine the actuating signal S M1 etc. which generates the fundamental wave with the greatest amplitude a. This only takes into account those zone groups on which paper actually runs. If no printing has taken place along one or more scanning lines A1-D1, the associated photocells 11 deliver a constant brightness signal, ie the amplitude a is zero there.
  • the photocells 11 are arranged as close as possible in front of the jaw cylinder 14, ideally with the hopper inlet guide rollers 10.
  • the device used for determining the cutting position has a central energy supply and a scanning channel for each scanning line A1 - D1 of each paper web P1 - P4.
  • the interfaces are electrically isolated and correspond to standard brand interfaces for pressure control systems.
  • the sampling frequency for the brightness signals H A1 - H D4 is 20 kHZ. It should be greater than 50000 ⁇ 360 ° / (3600 ⁇ 0.25 °) Hz at a maximum speed of a printing unit roller of ⁇ 50000 U / h and ⁇ 0.25 ° accuracy.
  • the accuracy of a cut is ⁇ 0.2 ° from Scope of a printing roller. With a circumference of the printing unit roller of 1400 mm, the accuracy is approximately ⁇ 1 mm.

Landscapes

  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Controlling Rewinding, Feeding, Winding, Or Abnormalities Of Webs (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Control Of Cutting Processes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Handling Of Sheets (AREA)
  • Character Spaces And Line Spaces In Printers (AREA)
  • Folding Of Thin Sheet-Like Materials, Special Discharging Devices, And Others (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

On a web offset or web letterpress printing machine, to ensure ganging of the paper webs (P1 - P4) to be folded and cut into newspapers (16), the positions of the main and subsidiary registers (5, 7) are controlled by positioning motors (Ml - M4) in dependence on positioning signals (SM1 - SM4). Over each funnel inlet guide roll (10), four photo-cells (11) are arranged beside each other with uniform spacing and detect brightness signals (HAl - HD4) at a sampling frequency of 20 kHz from the printed surface of the paper webs. These brightness signals are subjected to Fourier analysis in a microprocessor. The fundamental vibration is evaluated, the vibration of greatest amplitude being selected from the four fundamental vibrations of each paper web. The phase position signal associated with the selected fundamental vibration is used to calculate one of the positioning signals (SM1 - SM4). In this way, the cutting position of the paper webs (P1 - P4) can be determined without registration marks being applied to them. <IMAGE>

Description

TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA

Bei der Erfindung wird ausgegangen von einem Verfahren zur Schnittlagebestimmung für Druckmaschinen nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention is based on a method for determining the cutting position for printing machines according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Mit dem Oberbegriff nimmt die Erfindung auf einen Stand der Technik Bezug, wie er von der DE-A1-37 07 866 bekannt ist. Dort ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung für die Steuerung und Einstellung der Organe von Druckerei- und Kartoniermaschinen beschrieben, bei der Informationen, die sich auf den Durchlauf einer Papierbahn beziehen, mittels einer Recheneinheit verglichen werden. Als Durchlaufinformationen werden Registerhaltungsmarken, die auf der Papierbahn aufgebracht sind, von beweglichen und festen Leseköpfen detektiert, die oberhalb und unterhalb der Papierbahn angeordnet sind. Die beweglichen Leseköpfe detektieren Registerhaltungsmarken für den Druck und die festen Leseköpfe Registerhaltungsmarken für die Fertigmacherei. Ein Bildschirm ermöglicht die direkte Steuerung und Einstellung der Maschinenorgane.With the preamble, the invention relates to a prior art, as is known from DE-A1-37 07 866. There, a method and a device for controlling and adjusting the organs of printing and cartoning machines is described, in which information relating to the passage of a paper web is compared by means of a computing unit. As pass-through information, registration marks applied to the paper web are detected by movable and fixed reading heads which are arranged above and below the paper web. The movable read heads detect registration marks for printing and the fixed read heads registration marks for the prefabrication. A screen enables direct control and setting of the machine organs.

Nachteilig dabei ist, dass Registerhaltungsmarken oder sogenannte Passermarken auf die Papierbahn aufgedruckt werden müssen, deren Lage dann auszuwerten ist. Insbesondere im Zeitungsdruck ist es unerwünscht, derartige Registerhaltungsmarken aufzudrucken, da sie das Produkt verändern. Die gewünschte Genauigkeit solcher Regelungen erfordert sowohl beim Aufbringen als auch beim Erkennen der möglichst kleinen Marken einen erheblichen technischen und wirtschaftlichen Aufwand.The disadvantage here is that registration marks or so-called registration marks must be printed on the paper web, the position of which must then be evaluated. In newspaper printing in particular, it is undesirable to print such registration marks because they change the product. The desired accuracy of such regulations requires considerable technical and economic effort both when applying and when recognizing the smallest possible marks.

Zum einschlägigen Stand der Technik wird zusätzlich auf das Buch: E. Oran Brigham, Schnelle Fourier-Transformation, 2. Aufl., München, Wien, Oldenbourg, 1985, S. 195, 199 und 200 verwiesen, aus dem ein Flussdiagramm und ein FORTRAN-Programm für eine schnelle Fourier-Transformation bekannt sind.With regard to the relevant prior art, reference is also made to the book: E. Oran Brigham, Fast Fourier Transformation, 2nd edition, Munich, Vienna, Oldenbourg, 1985, pp. 195, 199 and 200, from which a flowchart and a FORTRAN Program for a fast Fourier transform.

DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Die Erfindung, wie sie im Patentanspruch 1 definiert ist, löst die Aufgabe, ohne Registerhaltungsmarken die Schnittlage einzelner Papierbahnen zu bestimmen.The invention, as defined in claim 1, solves the problem of determining the cutting position of individual paper webs without registering marks.

Ein Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, dass zur Durchführung des Verfahrens keine beweglichen Teile erforderlich sind. Das Verfahren ist bei allen markenüblichen Druckereileitsystemen anwendbar. Die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens kann ohne grossen Aufwand bei schon bestehenden Druckmaschinen nachgerüstet werden. Das Ergebnis der Schnittstellenbestimmung kann über eine standardisierte Schnittstelle für das Nachstellen der Schnittregister zur Verfügung gestellt werden.An advantage of the invention is that no moving parts are required to carry out the method. The process can be used with all brand-typical printing control systems. The device for carrying out the method can be retrofitted to existing printing machines with little effort. The result of the interface determination can be made available via a standardized interface for readjusting the cutting register.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Druckmaschine in schematischer Darstellung,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung zur Schnittlagebestimmung für eine Papierbahn der Druckmaschine gemäss Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine Auswertvorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Schnittlage,
Fig. 4
zeitabhängige Helligkeitswerte, wie sie von der Vorrichtung zur Schnittlagebestimmung gemäss Fig. 2 geliefert werden,
Fig. 5
eine mittels Fourier-Analyse aus den Helligkeitswerten gemäss Fig. 4 abgeleitete Grundschwingung,
Fig. 6
ein vereinfachtes Flussdiagramm zur Implementierung in der Auswertvorrichtung gemäss Fig. 3 und
Fig. 7
eine schematische Darstellung der Papiergeschwindigkeit innerhalb der Druckmaschine gemäss Fig. 1.
The invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:
Fig. 1
a printing press in a schematic representation,
Fig. 2
1 shows a schematic illustration of the device for determining the cutting position for a paper web of the printing press according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
an evaluation device for determining the cutting position,
Fig. 4
time-dependent brightness values, as supplied by the device for determining the cutting position according to FIG. 2,
Fig. 5
a fundamental wave derived from the brightness values according to FIG. 4 by means of a Fourier analysis,
Fig. 6
a simplified flow diagram for implementation in the evaluation device according to FIGS. 3 and
Fig. 7
2 shows a schematic representation of the paper speed within the printing machine according to FIG. 1.

WEGE ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGWAYS OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In der in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellten Druckmaschine sind mit RW1 und RW2 Rollenwechsler mit je 2 unbedruckten Papierrollen bezeichnet, von denen jeweils eine Papierbahn Pa bzw. Pb einem Druckwerk 1, 2 mit einem Gegendruckzylinder 1 und 4 Druckwalzen 2 zugeführt wird. Von dort wird das nun bedruckte Papier über feste Rollen bzw. Leitwalzen 3 und 4 einem bezüglich der Transportrichtung des Papiers verschieblichen Hauptregister bzw. einer Registerspindel 5 zugeführt, welche in ihrer Position mittels eines Stellmotors M2 bzw. M4 einstellbar bzw. regelbar ist. Von dem Hauptregister 5 gelangt die Papierbahn Pa bzw. Pb zu einem Messer für das Längsschneiden der Papierbahn bzw. zu einem Schneidwerk 8, in dem die Papierbahn Pa in 2 gleichbreite Papierbahnen P1 und P2 und die Papierbahn Pb in 2 gleichbreite Papierbahnen P3 und P4 geteilt wird.In the printing press shown schematically in Fig. 1, RW1 and RW2 are used to indicate roll changers, each with 2 unprinted paper rolls, each of which a paper web Pa or Pb is fed to a printing unit 1, 2 with an impression cylinder 1 and 4 printing rollers 2. From there, the now printed paper is fed via fixed rollers or guide rollers 3 and 4 to a main register or a register spindle 5 which is displaceable with respect to the transport direction of the paper and which can be adjusted or regulated in its position by means of a servomotor M2 or M4 is. From the main register 5, the paper web Pa or Pb reaches a knife for the longitudinal cutting of the paper web or to a cutting unit 8, in which the paper web Pa is divided into 2 paper webs P1 and P2 of the same width and the paper web Pb is divided into 2 paper webs P3 and P4 of the same width becomes.

Die Papierbahnen P2 und P4 werden über je eine Trichtereinlaufleitwalze 10, eine gemeinsame Rolle bzw. Leitwalze 12 und einen Falztrichter 13 zu einem Falzklappenzylinder mit Querschneidwerk 14 transportiert, der einen Impulsgeber für einen Synchronisierimpuls bzw. ein Synchronisiersignal Ssyn aufweist. Mittels eines Impulsdetektors 15 wird das vom Impulsgeber gelieferte Synchronisiersignal Ssyn detektiert, vorzugsweise-ein Impuls pro Umdrehung des Falzklappenzylinders.The paper webs P2 and P4 are each transported via a hopper inlet guide roller 10, a common roller or guide roller 12 and a folding former 13 to a folding jaw cylinder with a cross cutter 14 which has a pulse generator for a synchronization pulse or a synchronization signal S syn . The synchronization signal S syn supplied by the pulse generator is detected by means of a pulse detector 15, preferably one pulse per revolution of the jaw cylinder.

Die Papierbahnen P1 und P3 werden über je eine Wendestange 9 und je eine Rolle 4 über ein bezüglich einer Transportrichtung 6 des Papiers verschiebliches Nebenregister 7, je eine Trichtereinlaufleitwalze 10, die gemeinsame Rolle 12 und den Falztrichter 13 zu dem Falzklappenzylinder 14 transportiert. Die Nebenregister 7 werden in ihrer Position mittels Stellmotoren M1 bzw. M3 eingestellt bzw. geregelt. Mit SM1 - SM4 sind Stellsignale für die Stellmotoren M1 - M4 bezeichnet.The paper webs P1 and P3 are each transported via a turning bar 9 and a roller 4 via a secondary register 7 which can be moved with respect to a transport direction 6 of the paper, a funnel inlet guide roller 10, the common roller 12 and the folding former 13 to the folding jaw cylinder 14. The position of the secondary registers 7 is adjusted or regulated by means of servomotors M1 or M3. S M1 -S M4 designate control signals for the servomotors M1-M4.

Im Abstand weniger Millimeter über jeder Trichtereinlaufleitwalze 10 sind hintereinander 4 Photodetektoren bzw. Photozellen 11 in gleichem Abstand zueinander auf einem Photozellenträger 20 angeordnet, vgl. Fig. 2, von denen in Fig. 1 jeweils nur eine Photozelle 11 zu sehen ist. Von den 4 Photozellen 11 oberhalb der Papierbahn P1 werden Helligkeitssignale HA1 ... HD1, von denen oberhalb der Papierbahn P2 Helligkeitssignale HA2 ... HD2, von denen oberhalb P3 Helligkeitssignale HA3 ... HD3 und von denen oberhalb P4 Helligkeitssignale HA4... HD4 abgeleitet bzw. detektiert.At a distance of a few millimeters above each funnel inlet guide roller 10, 4 photodetectors or photocells 11 are arranged one behind the other at the same distance on a photocell carrier 20, cf. Fig. 2, of which only one photocell 11 can be seen in Fig. 1. From the 4 photocells 11 above the paper web P1 there are brightness signals H A1 ... H D1 , from those above the paper web P2 brightness signals H A2 ... H D2 , from those above P3 brightness signals H A3 ... H D3 and from those above P4 brightness signals H A4 ... H D4 derived or detected.

Die Papierbahnen P1 - P4 liegen ab der gemeinsamen Rolle 12 übereinander. Sie werden im Falztrichter 13 gefalzt und im Falzklappenzylinder mit Querschneidwerk 14 zu Zeitungen 16 gefaltet und geschnitten. Die Zeitungen 16 gelangen über eine Makulaturweiche 17 bei der ausgezogen dargestellten Position in ein Makulaturfach 18 und gemäss der gestrichelt dargestellten Position, in der ein elektrisches bzw. logisches Gutsignal SG = 1, andernfalls SG = 0 abgegeben wird, in ein Gutfach 19. Ein Umschalten der Makulaturweiche 17 vom Makulaturfach 18 auf das Gutfach 19 erfolgt dann, wenn beim Anlauf der Druckmaschine die Haupt- und Nebenregister 5 und 7 sowie andere, nicht dargestellte einstellbare Elemente richtig positioniert sind.The paper webs P1 - P4 lie one above the other from the common roll 12. They are folded in the former 13 and folded and cut into newspapers 16 in the folding cylinder with a cross cutter 14. The newspapers 16 reach a waste compartment 18 via a waste switch 17 in the position shown in solid lines and in a waste compartment 19 in accordance with the position shown in broken lines, in which an electrical or logical good signal S G = 1, otherwise S G = 0 is emitted. The waste switch 17 is switched from the waste bin 18 to the waste bin 19 when the main and secondary registers 5 and 7 and other adjustable elements (not shown) are correctly positioned when the printing press starts up.

Fig. 2 zeigt die Anordnung von 4 Photozellen 11 auf dem Photozellenträger 20 in einer Reihe quer zur Papierbahn P1. Die Photozellen 11 haben nicht dargestellte 4 mm - 5 mm breite Spalte, durch welche sie Helligkeitsinformationen auf der Oberfläche der Papierbahn P1 längs gedachter Abtastzeilen A1 - D1 in Papierlaufrichtung detektieren und in Abhängigkeit davon Helligkeitssignale HA1 - HD1 liefern.2 shows the arrangement of 4 photocells 11 on the photocell carrier 20 in a row transverse to the paper web P1. The photocells 11 have 4 mm - 5 mm wide gaps (not shown), through which they detect brightness information on the surface of the paper web P1 along imaginary scanning lines A1 - D1 in the paper travel direction and, depending on this, deliver brightness signals H A1 - H D1 .

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Auswertvorrichtung zur Schnittlagebestimmung bzw. zur Erzeugung des Stellsignals SM1 für den Stellmotor M1 in Abhängigkeit von den Helligkeitssignalen HA1 - HD1, dem Gutsignal SG und dem Synchronisiersignal Ssyn. Die Helligkeitssignale HA1 - HD1 werden über Analog-Digitalwandler 21 den 1. Rechnern bzw. Mikroprozessoren 22 zugeführt, in denen die digitalisierten Helligkeitssignale zwischengespeichert und, gestartet durch das Synchronisiersignal Ssyn, einer schnellen Fourier-Transformation unterzogen werden. Daraus wird die Grundfrequenz ausgewählt und die in goniometrischer Form erhaltene komplexe Zahl, z.B. RA1+ j·IA1 (RA1 = Realteil, IA1 = Imaginärteil) in Exponentialform aA1 · ej·φA1 umgerechnet, wobei aA1 die Amplitude und φA1 das Argument oder die Phase der komplexen Zahl, bezogen auf die Abtastzeile A1, bedeuten. Eine gleiche Auswertung erfolgt bezüglich der Abtastzeilen B1 - D1.3 shows an evaluation device for determining the cutting position or for generating the control signal S M1 for the control motor M1 as a function of the brightness signals H A1 -H D1 , the good signal S G and the synchronization signal S syn . The brightness signals H A1 - H D1 are fed via analog-digital converters 21 to the 1st computers or microprocessors 22, in which the digitized brightness signals are temporarily stored and, started by the synchronization signal S syn , are subjected to a fast Fourier transformation. From this, the fundamental frequency is selected and the complex number obtained in goniometric form, for example R A1 + j · I A1 (R A1 = real part, I A1 = imaginary part) is converted into exponential form a A1 · e j · φA1 , where a A1 is the amplitude and φ A1 means the argument or the phase of the complex number, based on the scanning line A1. The same evaluation is carried out with respect to the scanning lines B1-D1.

Die Grössen aA1 , φA1 ... aD1, φD1 werden einem 2. Rechner bzw. Mikroprozessor 23 zugeführt, in dem die 4 Amplituden aA1 ... aD1 miteinander verglichen werden. Es wird die grösste Amplitude max (aA1 ... aD1) ausgewählt und mit ihr das zugehörige Argument bzw. die zugehörige Phase, die mit φx bezeichnet werden soll. Dieses aktuelle φx wird als Referenzphasenlage φRef gespeichert. Die weiteren Rechnungen erfolgen nur für diesen ausgewählten Kanal x, solange bis das Gutsignal nicht mehr ansteht, vgl. Fig. 6. Dann wird gewartet, bis das nächste Synchronisiersignal Ssyn = 1 anliegt. Falls immer noch das Gutsignal SG = 1 vorhanden ist, wird die Phasendifferenz Δφ1 = φRef-φx berechnet. In Abhängigkeit von Δφ1 wird ein Stellsignal SM1 für den Stellmotor M1 berechnet und anschliessend auf das nächste Synchronisiersignal Ssyn = 1 gewartet. Falls kein Gutsignal SG = 1 vorlag, d.h., falls SG = 0 war, wird zum Start zurückgekehrt, vgl. Fig. 6. Dort ist der beschriebene Ablauf schematisch in einem Flussdiagramm dargestellt, wobei n für einen der Werte 1 - 4 steht, d.h., für einen der Mess- und Auswertungskanäle 1 - 4, zugeordnet den Papierbahnen P1 - P4.The quantities a A1 , φ A1 ... a D1 , φ D1 are fed to a second computer or microprocessor 23, in which the 4 amplitudes a A1 ... a D1 are compared with one another. The largest amplitude max (a A1 ... a D1 ) is selected and with it the associated argument or phase, which is to be denoted by φ x . This current φ x is stored as the reference phase position φ Ref . The further calculations are only carried out for this selected channel x until the good signal is no longer present, cf. Fig. 6. It is then waited until the next synchronization signal S syn = 1 is present. If the good signal S G = 1 is still present, the phase difference Δφ1 = φ Ref -φ x is calculated. Depending on Δφ1, an actuating signal S M1 is calculated for the servomotor M1 and then waited for the next synchronization signal S syn = 1. If there was no good signal S G = 1, ie if S G = 0, the system returns to the start, cf. Fig. 6. The sequence described is shown schematically in a flowchart, where n stands for one of the values 1-4, ie for one of the measurement and evaluation channels 1-4, assigned to the paper webs P1-P4.

Das Nebenregister 7 wird in Abhängigkeit vom Stellsignal SM1 so geregelt, dass die Phasendifferenz Δφ1 gegen eine 0 geht. Da alle Register 5 und 7 derart geregelt werden, kann damit während des Betriebes ein automatisches Nachstellen dieser Register erreicht werden. Dies ist insbesondere dann erforderlich, wenn die Druckmaschine nach dem Schliessen der Makulaturweiche 17 von einer niedrigen auf eine hohe Produktionsgeschwindigkeit gebracht wird. Durch diese Beschleunigung ändert sich die Papierbahnspannung und damit die Papierbahnlänge, so dass die Haupt- und Nebenregister nachgestellt werden müssen.The secondary register 7 is controlled in dependence on the control signal S M1 so that the phase difference Δφ1 goes to a 0. Since all registers 5 and 7 are regulated in this way, an automatic readjustment of these registers can be achieved during operation. This is particularly necessary if the printing press is brought from a low to a high production speed after the waste switch 17 has been closed. This acceleration changes the paper web tension and thus the paper web length, so that the main and secondary registers have to be readjusted.

Fig. 4 zeigt als Beispiel Helligkeitssignale HA1 in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit t in willkürlichen Einheiten.4 shows, as an example, brightness signals H A1 as a function of time t in arbitrary units.

Fig. 5 gibt eine den Helligkeitssignalen HA1 von Fig. 4 entsprechende und mittels Fourier-Analyse berechnete Grundschwingung a mit einer Amplitude aA1, der Frequenz f1 und der Phasenlage φA1 in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit t an, wobei a und t in willkürlichen Einheiten angegeben sind. Die beiden senkrechten Pfeile deuten das Auftreten der Synchronisiersignale Ssyn = 1 an, bezüglich der die Phasenlagen φA1 bestimmt werden, welche andererseits auf den Nulldurchgang der Grundschwingung bezogen sind, wie gestrichelt angedeutet.FIG. 5 shows a fundamental vibration a corresponding to the brightness signals H A1 from FIG. 4 and calculated by means of Fourier analysis, with an amplitude a A1 , the frequency f1 and the phase position φ A1 as a function of time t, where a and t are given in arbitrary units. The two vertical arrows indicate the occurrence of the synchronization signals S syn = 1, with respect to which the phase positions φ A1 are determined, which on the other hand relate to the zero crossing of the fundamental, as indicated by dashed lines.

Das Verfahren zur Schnittlagebestimmung soll nun näher anhand des in Fig. 7 dargestellten Papiergeschwindigkeitsdiagramms erläutert werden, in dem eine der Papiergeschwindigkeit proportionale Drehzahl ω einer Druckwalze 2 in Umdrehungen/Stunde bzw. U/h in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit t aufgetragen ist.The method for determining the cut position will now be explained in more detail with reference to the paper speed diagram shown in FIG. 7, in which a rotational speed ω of a printing roller 2 proportional to the paper speed is plotted in revolutions / hour or rev / h as a function of time t.

Zu einem Zeitpunkt t0 wird die Druckmaschine gestartet. Die relative Lage der Papierbahnen P1 - P4 zueinander wird durch Schnittregister, d.h. die Haupt- und Nebenregister 5 und 7, gesteuert. Das Einstellen der Schnittregister erfolgt am Anfang jeder Produktion von Hand durch Drucker bei niedrigen Drehzahlen der Druckmaschine zwischen den Zeitpunkten t1 - t3, mit steilem Anstieg zwischen t1 und dem Zeitpunkt t2, um möglichst wenig Makulatur zu erzeugen. Im Zeitpunkt t3 schliesst der Drucker die Makulaturweiche 17 (gestrichelte Position in Fig. 1), nachdem die Schnittregister richtig positioniert sind. Danach wird die Druckmaschine bis zu einem Zeitpunkt t4 auf volle Geschwindigkeit gebracht. Durch die Beschleunigung ändert sich die Papierbahnspannung und damit die Papierbahnlänge, so dass die Schnittregister 5 und 7 mittels Stellsignalen SM1 - SM4 nachgestellt werden müssen.The printing press is started at a time t0. The relative position of the paper webs P1 - P4 to one another is controlled by cut registers, ie the main and secondary registers 5 and 7. The cutting registers are set manually at the beginning of each production by printers at low speeds of the printing press between times t1-t3, with a steep increase between t1 and time t2 in order to produce as little waste as possible. At time t3, the printer closes the waste gate 17 (dashed position in FIG. 1) after the cut registers are correctly positioned. The printing press is then brought to full speed up to a point in time t4. The acceleration changes the paper web tension and thus the paper web length, so that the cutting registers 5 and 7 have to be adjusted by means of control signals S M1 - S M4 .

Danach bleibt die Papiergeschwindigkeit konstant bis zu einem angenommenen Papierriss im Zeitpunkt t5. Innerhalb von ca. 10 s geht die Geschwindigkeit auf 0 zurück im Zeitpunkt t6. Im Zeitpunkt t7 wird erneut gestartet, wobei in einem Zeitintervall t8 - t9 die Druckmaschine wieder auf volle Geschwindigkeit gebracht wird.The paper speed then remains constant until an assumed paper tear at time t5. Within approx. 10 s, the speed drops back to 0 at time t6. At time t7, it is started again, the printing press being brought back to full speed in a time interval t8-t9.

Auf einer bedruckten Papierbahn, Z.B. P1 in Fig. 2, folgen gleichbedruckte Seiten entweder direkt aufeinander in der Produktionsart "doppel" mit der Seitenfolge cccc... oder in periodischen Abständen in der Produktionsart "sammeln" mit der Seitenfolge cdcdcd... Die Helligkeitswerte auf jeder Papierbahn werden mittels 4 stationärer Photozellen 11 längs 4 gleich beabstandeten Abtastzeilen A1 - D1 in einem genügend feinen zeitlichen Raster abgetastet, vgl. Fig. 4, so dass sich je Abtastzeile ein zeitlich periodisches Muster aus Helligkeitswerten HA1 - HD1 ergibt. Mittels einer Fourier-Analyse kann je Abtastzeile A1 - D1 zyklisch die Amplitude, z.B. aA1, die Frequenz f1 und die Phasenlage φA1 der Grundschwingung dieses periodischen Musters ermittelt werden, vgl. Fig. 5.On a printed paper web, for example P1 in FIG. 2, the same printed pages either follow one another directly in the production type "double" with the page sequence cccc ... or at periodic intervals in the production type "collect" with the page sequence cdcdcd ... The brightness values 4 stationary photocells 11 along 4 equally spaced scanning lines A1-D1 are scanned on each paper web in a sufficiently fine time grid, cf. 4, so that there is a temporally periodic pattern of brightness values H A1 -H D1 for each scanning line. Using a Fourier analysis, the amplitude, for example a A1 , the frequency f1 and the phase position φ A1 of the fundamental of this periodic pattern can be determined cyclically for each scanning line A1-D1, cf. Fig. 5.

Da sich mit der Produktionsart die Seitenfolge und damit die Frequenz f1 der Grundschwingung ändert, wird zur Berechnung der Stellsignale SM1 - SM4 für die Schnittregister 5 und 7 die Phasendifferenz Δφn = φRef - φx, n = 1 ... 4, gewählt. Die aktuelle Phasenlage φx wird zyklisch zwischen dem Synchronisiersignal Ssyn des Falzklappenzylinders 14 und dem nächstfolgenden Nulldurchgang der Grundschwingung gemessen, vgl. Fig. 5. Die Referenzphasenlage φRef ist die Phasenlage φx zu einem Zeitpunkt t3, an dem die Stellung des zugehörigen Schnittregisters 5, 7 vom Drucker als optimal empfunden wird, d.h., an dem die Schnittlagebestimmung durch das Schliessen der Makulaturweiche 17 extern aktiviert wird.Since the side sequence and thus the frequency f1 of the fundamental oscillation change with the type of production, the phase difference Δφn = φ Ref - φ x , n = 1 ... 4, is used to calculate the actuating signals S M1 - S M4 for the cutting registers 5 and 7. chosen. The current phase position φ x is measured cyclically between the synchronizing signal S syn of the jaw cylinder 14 and the next zero crossing of the fundamental, cf. Fig. 5. The reference phase position φ Ref is the phase position φ x at a point in time t3 at which the position of the associated cutting register 5, 7 is felt to be optimal by the printer, ie at which the cutting position determination is activated externally by closing the waste switch 17 .

Von einer Produktion zur anderen kann sich die Breite der Papierbahn und ihre seitliche Lage ändern. Um die als Helligkeitsdetektoren verwendeten Photozellen 11 für jede Produktion nicht seitlich neu verstellen zu müssen, wird über der Mitte (Abtastzeilen A1 - D1) jeder von 4 gedachten Zonengruppen der Papierbahn, vgl. Fig. 2 eine Photozelle angebracht. Es wird dann diejenige Photozelle als aktiv betrachtet bzw. zur Bestimmung des Stellsignals SM1 usw. herangezogen, welche die Grundschwingung mit der grössten Amplitude a erzeugt. Damit werden nur solche Zonengruppen berücksichtigt, auf denen auch tatsächlich Papier läuft. Falls längs einer oder mehrerer Abtastzeilen A1 - D1 kein Druck erfolgt sein sollte, liefern die zugehörigen Photozellen 11 ein konstantes Helligkeitssignal, d.h. die Amplitude a ist dort Null.The width of the paper web and its lateral position can change from one production to another. In order not to have to readjust the photocells 11 used as brightness detectors laterally for each production, each of the four imaginary zone groups of the paper web is above the middle (scanning lines A1 - D1), cf. Fig. 2 attached a photocell. That photocell is then considered active or used to determine the actuating signal S M1 etc. which generates the fundamental wave with the greatest amplitude a. This only takes into account those zone groups on which paper actually runs. If no printing has taken place along one or more scanning lines A1-D1, the associated photocells 11 deliver a constant brightness signal, ie the amplitude a is zero there.

Da die relative Lage der Papierbahnen P1 - P4 wegen des Papierschnittes im Falzklappenzylinder 14 konstant bleiben muss, werden die Photozellen 11 möglichst nahe vor dem Falzklappenzylinder 14 angeordnet, am besten bei den Trichtereinlaufleitwalzen 10.Since the relative position of the paper webs P1-P4 must remain constant due to the paper cut in the jaw cylinder 14, the photocells 11 are arranged as close as possible in front of the jaw cylinder 14, ideally with the hopper inlet guide rollers 10.

Das zur Schnittlagebestimmung verwendete Gerät weist eine zentrale Energieversorgung und je Abtastzeile A1 - D1 jeder Papierbahn P1 - P4 einen Erfassungskanal auf. Die Schnittstellen sind galvanisch getrennt und entsprechen markenüblichen Standardschnittstellen für Druckleitsysteme.The device used for determining the cutting position has a central energy supply and a scanning channel for each scanning line A1 - D1 of each paper web P1 - P4. The interfaces are electrically isolated and correspond to standard brand interfaces for pressure control systems.

Das Gutsignal SG = 1 wird erst dann gegeben, wenn die in wenigstens einem Kanal detektierte Grundfrequenz f1 einen vorgebbaren Mindestfrequenzwert fmin überschreitet, wenn gleichzeitig der Betrag der Phasendifferenz |Δφn| kleiner als eine vorgebbare Maximaldifferenz Δφmax und die Amplitude aA1 ... der Grundschwingung grösser als eine vorgebbare Minimalamplitude amin ist. Ansonsten könnte ein Algorithmus-oder ein Abtastfehler vorliegen.The good signal S G = 1 is only given when the fundamental frequency f1 detected in at least one channel exceeds a predeterminable minimum frequency value f min , if at the same time the amount of the phase difference | Δφn | is smaller than a predeterminable maximum difference Δφ max and the amplitude a A1 ... of the fundamental is greater than a predefinable minimum amplitude a min . Otherwise there could be an algorithm error or a scanning error.

Die Abtastfrequenz für die Helligkeitssignale HA1 - HD4 beträgt 20 kHZ. Sie soll bei einer maximalen Drehzahl einer Druckwerkwalze von < 50000 U/h und ± 0,25° Genauigkeit grösser sein als 50000 · 360°/(3600 · 0,25°) Hz. Die Genauigkeit eines Schnittes beträgt ± 0,2° vom Umfang einer Druckwerkwalze. Bei einem Umfang der Druckwerkwalze von 1400 mm beträgt damit die Genauigkeit etwa ± 1 mm.The sampling frequency for the brightness signals H A1 - H D4 is 20 kHZ. It should be greater than 50000 · 360 ° / (3600 · 0.25 °) Hz at a maximum speed of a printing unit roller of <50000 U / h and ± 0.25 ° accuracy. The accuracy of a cut is ± 0.2 ° from Scope of a printing roller. With a circumference of the printing unit roller of 1400 mm, the accuracy is approximately ± 1 mm.

Die Zykluszeit ist = 72 ms, bei einer Drehzahl von < 50000 U/h bei einer maximalen Grundfrequenz von 14 Hz.The cycle time is = 72 ms, at a speed of <50000 U / h at a maximum basic frequency of 14 Hz.

Es versteht sich, dass je Papierbahn P1 - P4 mindestens 2 Photozellen 11 nebeneinander angeordnet sein müssen, es können jedoch auch mehr als 4 verwendet werden. Das Verfahren eignet sich für Rollenoffset- und Rollenhochdruck mit einer beliebigen Anzahl Papierbahnen.It goes without saying that at least 2 photocells 11 must be arranged next to one another per paper web P1-P4, but more than 4 can also be used. The process is suitable for web offset and web printing with any number of paper webs.

Claims (9)

  1. Method of cut position determination for printing machine, having at least one, to be synchronously guided, printed paper web (P1 - P4), identical printed product pages following directly or at periodic intervals one after the other on each paper web, characterised in that,
    a) print-dependent brightness signals (HA1 - HD4) are derived by at least 2 photodetectors (11), which are arranged for each paper web (P1 - P4) next to each other with respect to the direction of transport (6) of the latter,
    b) at least a 1st oscillation signal of definable frequency (f1) is derived as a function of each of these brightness signals, provided these brightness signals are not constant,
    c) the amplitude (aA1 - aD1) is determined as a function of each of these 1st oscillation signals,
    d) of the 1st oscillation signals, the one with the greatest amplitude is selected,
    e) from this selected 1st oscillation signal, the current phase position ( x' A1 - D1) with respect to a predeterminable synchronising signal (Ssyn) is determined and stored as reference phase position ( ref), the phase difference (Δ n) between the current phase position ( x) and the reference phase position ( ref) is determined at an interval of at least one printed product page and
    g) at least one register (5, 7) of the printing machine is controlled as a function of this phase difference (Δ n) such that the phase difference becomes at least approximately = 0.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the 1st oscillation signal of definable frequency (f1) is obtained by means of a Fourier analysis from the brightness signals (HA1 - HD4).
  3. Method according to Claim 2, characterised in that the fundamental oscillation signal with the smallest frequency is used as 1st oscillation signal.
  4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the synchronising signal (Ssyn) is detected in dependence on a cross-cutting unit (14) of the printing machine.
  5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the control of at least one register (5, 7) of the printing machine is only released when there is a good signal (SG = 1) derived from a waste deflector (17) of this printing machine.
  6. Method according to Claim 5, characterised in that the good signal (SG = 1) is emitted whenever at least one fundamental oscillation derived from a brightness signal (HA1 - HD4) has a fundamental frequency (f1) which exceeds a predeterminable minimum frequency (fmin).
  7. Method according to Claim 6, characterised in that the good signal (SG = 1) is emitted whenever the amount of the phase difference (Δ n) is less than a predeterminable maximum phase difference (Δ max).
  8. Method according to Claim 7, characterised in that the good signal (SG = 1) is emitted whenever the amplitude (aA1 - aD1) of the fundamental oscillation is greater than a predeterminable minimum amplitude (amin).
  9. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the scanning frequency, measured in Hertz, of the brightness signals (HA1 - HD4) is greater than the rotational speed of a press roller (2), measured in revolutions/hour, divided by 10 times the value of the inaccuracy of the cut position, measured in degrees of angle of a press roller circumference.
EP88121745A 1988-02-19 1988-12-28 Method of determining a cutting position for printing machines Expired - Lifetime EP0328783B1 (en)

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AT88121745T ATE74553T1 (en) 1988-02-19 1988-12-28 METHOD OF CUT POSITION DETERMINATION FOR PRINTING MACHINES.

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CH622/88 1988-02-19
CH62288 1988-02-19

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AT (1) ATE74553T1 (en)
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DE (1) DE3869947D1 (en)
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DK166865B1 (en) 1993-07-26
DK66589D0 (en) 1989-02-13
ATE74553T1 (en) 1992-04-15
US4896605A (en) 1990-01-30
FI90326C (en) 1994-01-25
NO178416B (en) 1995-12-11
FI890794A (en) 1989-08-20
ES2030491T3 (en) 1992-11-01
DK66589A (en) 1989-08-20
EP0328783A1 (en) 1989-08-23
AU2955489A (en) 1989-08-24
AU605959B2 (en) 1991-01-24
NO178416C (en) 1996-03-20
JPH01261156A (en) 1989-10-18
NO890623L (en) 1989-08-21
JP2609319B2 (en) 1997-05-14
DE3869947D1 (en) 1992-05-14
NO890623D0 (en) 1989-02-14
FI890794A0 (en) 1989-02-17
FI90326B (en) 1993-10-15

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