EP0321825B1 - Axially traversed row of rotor blades for compressors or turbines - Google Patents

Axially traversed row of rotor blades for compressors or turbines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0321825B1
EP0321825B1 EP88120768A EP88120768A EP0321825B1 EP 0321825 B1 EP0321825 B1 EP 0321825B1 EP 88120768 A EP88120768 A EP 88120768A EP 88120768 A EP88120768 A EP 88120768A EP 0321825 B1 EP0321825 B1 EP 0321825B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
disc
blade
foot
blades
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP88120768A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0321825A2 (en
EP0321825A3 (en
Inventor
Gerd Luxenburger
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MTU Aero Engines GmbH
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MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/32Locking, e.g. by final locking blades or keys
    • F01D5/326Locking of axial insertion type blades by other means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/005Sealing means between non relatively rotating elements
    • F01D11/006Sealing the gap between rotor blades or blades and rotor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3007Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an axially flowed rotor blade grille according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Blade grilles according to the type mentioned have proven themselves in practice, with regard to the control of the peripheral force and tension loads to be expected at relatively high speeds and centrifugal forces on the rotor, and with regard to the achievability of a comparatively low wheel disc weight.
  • a previously discussed blade configuration of axially at a distance above the wheel disc or the wheel rim and in the circumferential direction protruding from the foot contour is known from FR-PS 12 07 772; the should be inserted into the axial grooves Sit the blades by means of a nose protruding radially at the bottom on the wheel rim end faces in question, axially fixed in one direction.
  • sealing plates extending in the circumferential direction should be anchored between grooves running on the inside of the footplate and circumferential grooves machined on the wheel rim side.
  • the known case also provides a cover disk which also rotates with the wheel disk, via which cooling air branched off from the compressor end is to be supplied to the relevant airfoils on the one hand via the blade feet and on the other side on the end face, flowing radially inward along the wheel disk.
  • the noses mentioned had the following disadvantages: additional manufacturing and processing effort for the blades; possible component temperature increase due to air friction; structurally restricted cooling air supply, if in particular the blade cooling air is to be supplied on the base of the groove; About the lugs radially upward relatively far-reaching formation of the cover plate to form a smooth or uninterrupted contact surface on the wheel rim, on the end face, for which the cover plate also forms the blade lock acting in a different axial direction.
  • sealing plates lead to increased manufacturing and assembly costs, especially since - as is often the case - they are additionally to be anchored in the circumferential direction against rotation on the wheel rim, e.g. B. by means of tension wires. Such sealing plates also lead to local disc weight increases and additional loads on the wheel disc and blades.
  • EP-A-068923 or US-A-4,527,952 of the same patent family (each of which forms a generic part for the introductory part of patent claim 1), deals in various embodiments with axial securing on both sides of its lower dovetail-like foot ends (FIGS. 1-5 ) blades to be inserted in adapted axial grooves; these have foot plates (FIG. 4) which extend over the entire axial blade length and in each case on both sides of the blade blade and a so-called "central shaft" above the wheel rim (bump) in mutual support of centrifugal force on.
  • foot plates FIG. 4
  • the blade is secured by means of a locking member which is dimensioned to match the groove geometry or is oversized with respect to the radial installation height compared to the geometry of the blade root end; anchored radially in the center in the groove (FIG. 1) of the blade root, the locking member should be insertable into the axial groove together with the foot end; by raising the blade and the foot by means of a wedge (FIG. 3) from the base of the groove, the link should at the same time be able to be latched into recesses (FIG. 1) of adjacent disc bumps; it can be provided with two end faces of the wheel rim screwed retaining plates (Fig. 4) for axial wedge locking or sealing.
  • a further variant (FIG. 5) of the known case provides holding plates attached to both outer end faces of the foot end; these are dimensioned to be axially retractable into the axial groove and overlap corresponding end faces of the wheel rim (hump) after the raidal has been raised by means of the wedge.
  • a further variant (FIG. 7) of the known case on the blade shaft - between the foot end and the platform - provides laterally projecting lugs on shoulders; In a predetermined position (Fig.
  • the blade can only be axially secured on both sides between two axially successive additional bumps, which are arranged on the disc bumps, after the blade has first been pushed through the adapted axial slots of the additional bumps and then the shovel at the foot end has been raised radially upwards by the wedge.
  • Significant disadvantages of the known case Relatively complicated assembly (wedge); Axial locking required for wedge; local weakening of the foot, in particular with regard to the movable securing element (FIGS. 2 and 3); locally relatively low "material meat incorporation" in the rim; Additional sealing arrangements through special components (sheets - Fig. 4); from the screwing of these sheets and in particular from the variant with so-called haite plates (FIG. 6) there is a risk of locally increased air or Gas friction, and thus component temperature increase; hindrance of a cooling air supply (turbine blades), here in particular in each case by means of a wedge arrangement.
  • US-A-3,378,230 deals with the assembly and fastening of rotor blades equipped with base plates on the wheel rim of a wheel disc; the base plates (FIG. 1) are always arranged with axially open spaces opposite the wheel rim surface; with lower dovetail-like foot ends, the blades can be inserted in the axial direction in appropriately adapted axial grooves which are recessed radially deeper on the base of the groove base; A radial axial attachment and securing of the blade on the foot side is only possible in a radially raised blade position via a locking plate inserted between the bottom of the groove and under the foot end; the locking plate should be anchored by means of tongues bent radially upward against the wheel rim end faces.
  • JP-A-226-202 can be interpreted in accordance with the present abstract in such a way that in the case of a dovetail-shaped foot-groove anchoring of turbine blades, as an axial securing device in one direction, a step which engages step-wise into the wheel disk flesh at the lower end of the foot should be provided.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a blade grille according to the type mentioned, in which the blades on relatively axially secured in one direction on a wheel disc.
  • the relevant length dimension of the respective blade feet can be assigned very precisely to the corresponding length dimension of the axial grooves or recesses in the wheel disk. Furthermore, there are no local component gradations on the wheel disc, between the disc bumps and the blade roots, which would have to be bridged locally by a cover disc provided on the end face of the wheel disc for guiding the cooling air. In connection with the supply of cooling air to the blades, an optimal frontal seal between the cover disk and the respective disk counter surface is achieved.
  • Another important advantage of the invention is that precise machining of the root of the blades or disk in question is not hindered.
  • cooling air supply from below is never hindered by the relevant feet of the rotor blades.
  • the cooling air supply is thus together with one or two cover plates to the turbine blades from below through the foot of one or both sides of the wheel disc unhindered.
  • FIG. 1 to 4 there is an axially flowed rotor blade grille of a turbine, in particular a gas turbine jet engine, in which the rotor blades 1 with their feet 2 on axial grooves 3 of the wheel disk (FIG. 2) which are spaced apart geometrically and are spaced apart from one another (FIG. 2) 3 and 4) are held, wherein component overlaps N (FIGS. 1 and 4) are formed in one direction between the base-side sections of the blades 1 and the wheel disk 4 as axial blade securing means.
  • the disk-anchored rotor blades 1 between the blade root plates 5 and the wheel disk surface include spaces extending in the axial and circumferential directions (FIGS.
  • the present exemplary embodiments provide customary bidentate composite rotor blades without, however, being bound to such a foot geometry.
  • the relevant foot geometry can e.g. hammer head-like or, as shown in Fig. 1,3,5 etc., be designed like a pine cone or a fir tree foot.
  • a part of the disc bumps 8 in question (FIG. 2) in the upper or outer region can be processed accordingly, with the webs 7 being formed.
  • the processing mentioned can be carried out, for example, by turning.
  • the wheel disc 4 (FIG. 2) can also be manufactured beforehand in the sense of the required nominal size.
  • the wheel disk 4 in question can be produced from the outset, for example, electrochemically or as part of a pressure sintering process in the context of the required nominal size or the precautions for the formation of the webs 7, suitable surface finishing to the required nominal size optionally being able to be carried out by machining or grinding finishing .
  • the webs 7 in question are nose-shaped and each extend parallel to the front faces of the nasal bumps 8.
  • the radial wall parts of the moving blades 1 in question that is to say, for example, the radial wall part 6 on the base plate 5, which is at the rear here, can be spatially aligned recesses 9 drawn in on the inside to receive the relevant counter sections of the webs 7 on the wheel disk 4.
  • each turbine blade 1 has at least two axially spaced radial front and rear wall parts 6 ′ and 6, which extend over the entire width of a base plate 5; As can be seen from FIG. 3, the rotor blade 1 thus forms stop surfaces against the relevant webs 7 on the wheel disk 4 via the rear wall part 6 on both sides of the wheel disk surface in the circumferential direction.
  • the associated component overlaps N can be relatively small; they are dependent on the sum of the tolerances at the relevant mutual contact points, the centrifugal force and the thermal expansions of the blade, the deflection of the relevant web 7 on the wheel disk 4 by axial forces and also on the surface pressure between the relevant web 7 and the rotor blade 1.
  • the above-mentioned webs 7 on the wheel disk 4 extend here in the middle circumferential area along the surfaces of the disk bumps 8 in question.
  • a blade design can be represented that has a comparatively large one at the downstream end axially projecting roof-shaped overhang with the base plate 5. Accordingly, there is a comparatively narrow circumferential channel section between the two radial wall parts 6 and 6 ', locally above the wheel disc surface formed by the cusps 8.
  • the wheel disk 4 is assigned a cover disk 10 which also rotates on the end face and which, in the sense of FIGS. 2 to 6, is also intended to fix the rotor blades 1 'to be cooled in the wheel disk 4 on the webs 7 in the axially opposite direction.
  • the cover disk 10 With the outer component section 10 ', the cover disk 10 is seated correctly on the end face on the relevant mating surfaces of the radial wall parts 6', the disk hub core 8 (FIG. 2) and the blade roots 2.
  • the cover disk 10 forms a cooling air chamber 11 along the wheel disk 4, which is connected to the moving blades 1 'of the moving grille from the relevant blade root sides via suitable coolant lines 12, 13 (cooling air flow from F to F').
  • the chamber 11 is thus e.g. Air taken at the high-pressure compressor end, which is supplied via the hollow shaft system of the high-pressure compressor;
  • spaces between the respective base plate 5 and a front and rear wall part 6 ', 6 and the wheel disk surface can be formed for guiding the cooling air into the rotor blades 1' (airfoil blades).
  • FIGS. 11 to 14 differs from that according to FIGS. 2 to 6 in that at the rear end of the turbine blade 1, in the region of the rear wall part 6 and between the local end of the base plate 5 and foot 2, a relatively large-area recess 12 is formed, into which the webs 7 protrude locally (FIG. 13).
  • cover disks shown in FIG. 9 instead of the cover disks shown in FIG. 9, other additional disk-shaped securing elements (co-rotating) can also be provided, which do not have to be related to a coolant guide chosen as an example in accordance with FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 15 and 16 once again illustrate a variant, for example in the form of rearward engagement of the webs 7 in the relevant recesses 9 (see also FIG. 6), the rear radial wall parts 6 in question abutting the webs 7.
  • the blade root grooves 3 are each inclined at the same angles with respect to the disk axis in question.
  • Such inclined or inclined grooves 3 are used as an example in all the previous embodiments.
  • the axial or foot grooves could of course also be arranged axially parallel.
  • cage variants mentioned by way of example can also be designed such that the component overlaps N form a local secondary flow seal with respect to the air flow in the compressor duct (compressor rotor blades) or with respect to the hot gas flow in the turbine duct (turbine rotor blades).
  • the component overlaps N can form a local cooling air shutoff seal with respect to the hot gas flow in the turbine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein axial durchströmtes Laufschaufelgitter nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an axially flowed rotor blade grille according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Laufschaufelgitter nach der eingangs genannten Art haben sich in der Praxis bewährt, und zwar im Hinblick auf die Beherrschung der bei verhältnismäßig hohen Drehzahlen und Fliehkräften zu erwartenden periphären Kraft- und Spannungsbeanspruchungen am Rotor sowie im Hinblick auf die Erzielbarkeit eines vergleichsweise geringen Radscheibengewichts.Blade grilles according to the type mentioned have proven themselves in practice, with regard to the control of the peripheral force and tension loads to be expected at relatively high speeds and centrifugal forces on the rotor, and with regard to the achievability of a comparatively low wheel disc weight.

Bei Verdichter- oder Turbinenschaufelkonzepten bzw. -gittern der genannten Art ist es schwierig, eine in Axialrichtung wirksame Fixierung der Schaufeln am Rotor bzw. an der Scheibe ohne vergleichsweise großen Montage- Bauaufwand erzielen zu wollen.In the case of compressor or turbine blade concepts or grids of the type mentioned, it is difficult to achieve effective fixing of the blades on the rotor or on the disk in the axial direction without a comparatively large amount of assembly work.

Eine zuvor erörterte Schaufelkonfiguration von mit Abstand oberhalb der Radscheibe bzw. des Radkranzes axial und in Umfangsrichtung gegenüber der Fußkontur vorstehenden Fußplatten ist aus der FR-PS 12 07 772 bekannt; dabei sollen die in die Axialnuten eingesetzten Laufschaufeln mittels fußseitig unten radial vorstehender Nase an betreffenden Radkranzstirnflächen, in einer Richtung axial fixiert, aufsitzen. Auf der von den Nasen abgewandten Seite sollen sich in Umfangrichtung erstreckende Abdichtbleche zwischen fußplattenseitig innen verlaufenden Nuten und radkranzseitig eingearbeiteten Umfangsnuten verankert sein. Der bekannte Fall sieht ferner eine mit der Radscheibe mitrotierende Deckscheibe vor, über die vom Verdichterende abgezweigte Kühlluft zum einen über die Schaufelfüße den betreffenden Schaufelblättern, zum anderen stirnseitig, entlang der Radscheibe radial nach innen strömend, zugeführt werden soll. Dabei zeigten die genannten Nasen folgende Nachteile: Zusätzlicher Herstellung- und Bearbeitungsaufwand der Schaufeln; durch Luftreibung mögliche Bauteiltemperaturerhöhung; baulich beengte Kühlluftzufuhr, wenn insbesondere die Schaufel-Kühlluft nutgrundseitig zugeführt werden soll; über die Nasen radial nach oben verhältnismäßig weit hinwegreichende Ausbildung der Deckscheibe, um für diese eine fußseitig glatte bzw. nicht unterbrochene Anlagefläche am Radkranz, stirnseitig, auszubilden, worin die Deckscheibe zugleich die in anderer axialer Richtung wirkende Schaufelsicherung ausbildet. Die zuvor erwähnten Dichtbleche führen zu erhöhtem Herstell- und Montageaufwand, zumal - wie vielfach üblich - sie noch zusätzlich in Umfangsrichtung verdrehsicher am Radkranz zu verankern sind, z. B. mittels Spanndrähten. Auch führen derartige Dichtbleche zu örtlichen Scheibengewichtserhöhungen und zusätzlichen Belastungen der Radscheibe nebst Schaufeln.A previously discussed blade configuration of axially at a distance above the wheel disc or the wheel rim and in the circumferential direction protruding from the foot contour is known from FR-PS 12 07 772; the should be inserted into the axial grooves Sit the blades by means of a nose protruding radially at the bottom on the wheel rim end faces in question, axially fixed in one direction. On the side facing away from the lugs, sealing plates extending in the circumferential direction should be anchored between grooves running on the inside of the footplate and circumferential grooves machined on the wheel rim side. The known case also provides a cover disk which also rotates with the wheel disk, via which cooling air branched off from the compressor end is to be supplied to the relevant airfoils on the one hand via the blade feet and on the other side on the end face, flowing radially inward along the wheel disk. The noses mentioned had the following disadvantages: additional manufacturing and processing effort for the blades; possible component temperature increase due to air friction; structurally restricted cooling air supply, if in particular the blade cooling air is to be supplied on the base of the groove; About the lugs radially upward relatively far-reaching formation of the cover plate to form a smooth or uninterrupted contact surface on the wheel rim, on the end face, for which the cover plate also forms the blade lock acting in a different axial direction. The aforementioned sealing plates lead to increased manufacturing and assembly costs, especially since - as is often the case - they are additionally to be anchored in the circumferential direction against rotation on the wheel rim, e.g. B. by means of tension wires. Such sealing plates also lead to local disc weight increases and additional loads on the wheel disc and blades.

Die EP-A-068923, bzw. die US-A-4,527,952 der gleichen Patentfamilie (jeweils gattungsbildend für den einleitenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1), behandelt in verschiedenen Ausführungsformen eine beiderseitige axiale Sicherung von mit ihren unteren schwalbenschwanzartigen Fußenden (Fig. 1 - 5) in angepaßte Axialnuten einzusetzenden Laufschaufeln; diese weisen sich über die gesamte axiale Schaufellänge sowie jweils beidseitig vom Schaufelblatt und einem sogenannten "Mittelschaft" oberhalb des Radkranzes (Scheibenhöcker) erstreckende Fußplatten (Fig. 4) in gegenseitiger Fliehkraftabstützung auf. Bei einer ersten Variante erfolgt die Schaufelsicherung mittels eines Verriegelungsgliedes, das in Anpassung an die Nutgeometrie dimensioniert bzw. bezüglich radialer Einbauhöhe gegenüber der Geometrie des Schaufelfußendes überdimensioniert ist; quermittig radial beweglich in der Nut (Fig. 1) des Schaufelfußes verankert, soll das Verriegelungsglied zusammen mit dem Fußende in die Axialnut einschiebbar sein; durch von der Nutgrundseite aus vorliegende Anhebung der Schaufel nebst Fuß durch einen Keil (Fig. 3) soll das Glied gleichzeitig in Aussparungen (Fig. 1) benachbarter Scheibenhöcker einrastbar sein; dabei können mit beiden Stirnseiten des Radkranzes verschraubbare Haltebleche (Fig. 4) zur axialen Keilsicherung bzw. Abdichtung vorgesehen werden. Ebenfalls unter Anwendung derartiger radialer Schaufelanhebung durch einen Keil sieht eine weitere Variante (Fig. 5) des bekannten Falles an beiden äußeren Stirnseiten des Fußendes befestigte Halteplatten vor; diese sind in die Axialnut axial einfahrbar dimensioniert und übergreifen korrespondierende Stirnflächen des Radkranzes (Höcker) nach mittels des Keiles erfolgter Raidalanhebung. Ferner ebenfalls mit radialer Schaufelanhebung durch nutgrundseitig eingefügten Keil arbeitend, sieht eine weitere Variante (Fig. 7) des bekannten Falles am Schaufelschaft - zwischen Fußende und Plattform - seitlich vorstehende Nasen an Absätzen vor; in einer vorgegebenen Position (Fig. 7 rechts) kann die Schaufel jweils beidseitig zwischen zwei axial aufeinander folgenden Zusatzhöckern, die auf den Scheibenhöckern angeordnet sind, axial erst dann gesichert werden, nachdem die Schaufel zuvor mit den Nasen durch angepaßte Axialschlitze der Zusatzhöcker hindurchgeschoben und dann die Schaufel am Fußende durch den Keil radial nach oben angehoben worden ist. Wesentliche Nachteile des bekannten Falles: Verhältnismäßig komplizierte Montage (Keil); Axiale Sicherung für Keil erforderlich; örtliche Fußschwächung, insbesondere bezüglich beweglichen Sicherungsgliedes (Fig. 2 und 3); örtlich verhältnismäßig geringe "Materialfleischeinbindung" in den Randkranz; Zusatzdichtvorkehrungen durch besondere Bauteile (Bleche - Fig. 4); aus Verschraubungen dieser Bleche sowie insbesondere aus der Variante mit sogenannten Haiteplatten (Fig. 6) resultierende Gefahr örtlich erhöhter Luft- bzw. Gasreibung, und damit Bauteiltemperaturerhöhung; fußseitige Behinderung einer Kühlluftzufuhr (Turbinenschaufeln), hier insbesondere jeweils durch Keilanordnung.EP-A-068923, or US-A-4,527,952 of the same patent family (each of which forms a generic part for the introductory part of patent claim 1), deals in various embodiments with axial securing on both sides of its lower dovetail-like foot ends (FIGS. 1-5 ) blades to be inserted in adapted axial grooves; these have foot plates (FIG. 4) which extend over the entire axial blade length and in each case on both sides of the blade blade and a so-called "central shaft" above the wheel rim (bump) in mutual support of centrifugal force on. In a first variant, the blade is secured by means of a locking member which is dimensioned to match the groove geometry or is oversized with respect to the radial installation height compared to the geometry of the blade root end; anchored radially in the center in the groove (FIG. 1) of the blade root, the locking member should be insertable into the axial groove together with the foot end; by raising the blade and the foot by means of a wedge (FIG. 3) from the base of the groove, the link should at the same time be able to be latched into recesses (FIG. 1) of adjacent disc bumps; it can be provided with two end faces of the wheel rim screwed retaining plates (Fig. 4) for axial wedge locking or sealing. Also using such radial blade lifting by means of a wedge, a further variant (FIG. 5) of the known case provides holding plates attached to both outer end faces of the foot end; these are dimensioned to be axially retractable into the axial groove and overlap corresponding end faces of the wheel rim (hump) after the raidal has been raised by means of the wedge. Furthermore, also working with radial blade lifting by means of a wedge inserted on the base of the groove, a further variant (FIG. 7) of the known case on the blade shaft - between the foot end and the platform - provides laterally projecting lugs on shoulders; In a predetermined position (Fig. 7 right), the blade can only be axially secured on both sides between two axially successive additional bumps, which are arranged on the disc bumps, after the blade has first been pushed through the adapted axial slots of the additional bumps and then the shovel at the foot end has been raised radially upwards by the wedge. Significant disadvantages of the known case: Relatively complicated assembly (wedge); Axial locking required for wedge; local weakening of the foot, in particular with regard to the movable securing element (FIGS. 2 and 3); locally relatively low "material meat incorporation" in the rim; Additional sealing arrangements through special components (sheets - Fig. 4); from the screwing of these sheets and in particular from the variant with so-called haite plates (FIG. 6) there is a risk of locally increased air or Gas friction, and thus component temperature increase; hindrance of a cooling air supply (turbine blades), here in particular in each case by means of a wedge arrangement.

Die US-A-3,378,230 behandelt die Montage und Befestigung von mit Fußplatten ausgestatteten Laufschaufeln am Radkranz einer Radscheibe; dabei sind die Fußplatten (Fig. 1) unter Belassung stets axial offener Zwischenräume gegenüber der Radkranzoberfläche angeordnet; mit unteren schwalbenschwanzartigen Fußenden können die Schaufeln in entsprechend angepaßte, nutgrundseitig radial tiefer ausgesparte Axialnuten in axialer Richtung eingeschoben werden; eine radiale axiale fußseitige Schaufelbefestigung und -sicherung ist erst in einer radial angehobenen Schaufelstellung möglich über ein zwischen Nutgrund und unter Seite des Fußende eingeschobenes Sicherungsblech; das Sicherungsblech soll mittels radial nach oben gegen die Radkranzstirnflächen abgebogener Zungen verankert sein. Im bekannten Fall wird die axiale Sicherung der Laufschaufeln u. a. durch in Längsrichtung, seitlich außen auf die Fußenden aufgebrachte konkave (Fig. 6) oder konvexe (Fig. 1) Krümmungen mit entsprechend angepaßt gekrümmten Konturen an den betreffenden Gegenflächen der Axialnuten hervorgerufen. Vergleichsweise hoher Bau-, Montage- und Wartungsaufwand sind wesentliche Nachteile dies bekannten Falles. Die Anordnung des Sicherungsbleches steht einer am Nutgrund fußseitig unbehinderten Kühlluftzufuhr in die Schaufel entgegen; die an den Stirnseiten örtlich vorstehenden Zungen der Bleche können zu erhöhter Luft- bzw. Gasreibung mit daraus resultierenden Bauteilaufheizungen führen.US-A-3,378,230 deals with the assembly and fastening of rotor blades equipped with base plates on the wheel rim of a wheel disc; the base plates (FIG. 1) are always arranged with axially open spaces opposite the wheel rim surface; with lower dovetail-like foot ends, the blades can be inserted in the axial direction in appropriately adapted axial grooves which are recessed radially deeper on the base of the groove base; A radial axial attachment and securing of the blade on the foot side is only possible in a radially raised blade position via a locking plate inserted between the bottom of the groove and under the foot end; the locking plate should be anchored by means of tongues bent radially upward against the wheel rim end faces. In the known case, the axial securing of the blades u. a. caused by concave (FIG. 6) or convex (FIG. 1) curvatures applied in the longitudinal direction, laterally on the outside of the foot ends, with correspondingly adapted curved contours on the relevant mating surfaces of the axial grooves. Comparatively high construction, assembly and maintenance costs are major disadvantages of this known case. The arrangement of the locking plate is opposed to an unobstructed supply of cooling air into the blade at the base of the groove; the tongues of the sheet metal that protrude locally on the end faces can lead to increased air or gas friction with the resulting component heating.

Die JP-A-226-202 kann gemäß vorliegendem Abstrakt so interpretiert werden, daß bei einer schalbenschwanzförmigen Fuß-Nut-Verankerung von Turbinenlaufschaufeln, als axiale Sicherung in einer Richtung, ein am unteren Fußende stufenförmig in das Radscheibenfleisch einrastender Absatz vorgesehen sein soll.JP-A-226-202 can be interpreted in accordance with the present abstract in such a way that in the case of a dovetail-shaped foot-groove anchoring of turbine blades, as an axial securing device in one direction, a step which engages step-wise into the wheel disk flesh at the lower end of the foot should be provided.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Laufschaufelgitter nach der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, bei dem die Laufschaufeln auf verhältnismäßig einfache Weise in einer Richtung an einer Radscheibe axial gesichert sind.The invention has for its object to provide a blade grille according to the type mentioned, in which the blades on relatively axially secured in one direction on a wheel disc.

Die gestellte Aufgabe ist mit den Merkmalen des Kennzeichnungsteils des Patentanspruchs 1 erfindungsgemäß gelöst.The object is achieved with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 according to the invention.

Es ergibt sich eine vergleichsweise einfache Montage der Laufschaufeln an der Radscheibe, d. h., die Schaufeln brauchen nur auf die Scheibe geschoben zu werden, ohne jegliche anderweitige Sicherungsvorkehrungen, die mit einem hohen Arbeits- und Bauteilaufwand verknüpft wären, vornehmen zu müssen.This results in a comparatively simple assembly of the rotor blades on the wheel disk, i. that is, the blades only need to be pushed onto the disc, without having to take any other precautionary measures, which would be associated with a high outlay on work and components.

Im Rahmen der angegebenen Lösung it es ferner vorteilhaft, daß keine zusätzlich vorstehenden Teile wie Nasenkanten, Ringe, Bandagen, Drähte oder dergleichen benötigt werden, die im paraktischen Betrieb den Luftwiderstand erhöhen und damit wiederum zu Leistungseinbußen führen könnten.In the context of the specified solution it is also advantageous that no additional protruding parts such as nose edges, rings, bandages, wires or the like are required, which increase the air resistance in the practical operation and thus in turn lead to a loss of performance.

Das betreffende Längenmaß der jeweiligen Schaufelfüße läßt sich dabei ganz genau dem entsprechenden Längenmaß der Axialnuten bzw. Aussparungen in der Radscheibe zuordnen. Ferner entstehen keine örtlichen Bauteilabstufungen an der Radscheibe, zwischen den Scheibenhökkern und den Schaufelfüßen, die von einer stirnseitig an der Radscheibe zur Kühlluftführung vorgesehenen Deckscheibe örtlich zu überbrücken wären. In verbindung mit der Kühlluftzufuhr in die Schaufeln wird also eine optimale stirnseitige Abdichtung zwischen der Deckscheibe und der betreffenen Scheibengegenfläche erzielt.The relevant length dimension of the respective blade feet can be assigned very precisely to the corresponding length dimension of the axial grooves or recesses in the wheel disk. Furthermore, there are no local component gradations on the wheel disc, between the disc bumps and the blade roots, which would have to be bridged locally by a cover disc provided on the end face of the wheel disc for guiding the cooling air. In connection with the supply of cooling air to the blades, an optimal frontal seal between the cover disk and the respective disk counter surface is achieved.

Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung ist es, daß eine genaue Bearbeitung der Fußwurzel der betreffenden Schaufeln oder der Scheibe nicht behindert wird.Another important advantage of the invention is that precise machining of the root of the blades or disk in question is not hindered.

Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, daß in keinem Fall eine Kühlluftzufuhr von unten durch die betreffenden Füße der Laufschaufeln behindert wird. Zusammen mit einer oder zwei Deckscheiben ist somit die Kühlluftzufuhr zu den Turbinenlaufschaufeln von unten durch den Fuß von einer oder beiden Seiten der Radscheibe unbehindert möglich.Furthermore, it is advantageous that cooling air supply from below is never hindered by the relevant feet of the rotor blades. The cooling air supply is thus together with one or two cover plates to the turbine blades from below through the foot of one or both sides of the wheel disc unhindered.

Ferner ist es möglich, den betreffenden Übergangsbereich zwischen den Scheibenhöckern und den Schaufelfußplatten ohne besonderen zusätzlichen Aufwand optimal abzudichten. In diesem Bereich befindet sich also die später noch näher kenntlich gemachte Überlappung von Schleifkontur und Räumkontur. Die Abdichtstelle kann dabei verhältnismäßig beliebig positioniert werden, ohne die Montagerichtung ändern zu müssen.Furthermore, it is possible to optimally seal the relevant transition area between the disk bumps and the blade root plates without any special additional effort. In this area there is the overlap of grinding contour and clearing contour, which will be identified later. The sealing point can be positioned relatively arbitrarily without having to change the mounting direction.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Patentansprüche 2 bis 9. Anhand der Zeichnungen ist die Erfindung beispielsweise weiter erläutert; es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein die gegenseitige Bauteilüberdeckung N zwecks Axialfixierung und gegebenenfalls Abdichtung verkörperndes Schaubild im Hinblick auf die gegenseitige Räum-Schleifkontur Scheibe/Schaufel,
Fig. 2
ein von vorne gesehene Darstellung einer Radscheibensektion mit am hinteren Ende der Scheibenhöcker befindlichen Stegen als Schaufelanschlagflächen,
Fig. 3
eine von vorn gesehene perspektivische Darstellung einer in die Scheibensektion nach Fig. 2 eingebauten Turbinenlaufschaufel,
Fig. 4
eine von vorn gesehene, durch einen Schaufelradial- schnitt verkörperte Einbausituation der Turbinenschaufel nebst Radscheibensektion nach Fig. 3 unter Verdeutlichung der örtlichen Bauteilüberdeckung N,
Fig. 5
die von hinten gesehene Turbinenlaufschaufel nach Fig. 3 und 4 unter Verdeutlichung der an der Schaufelrückseite vorliegenden örtlichen Stegposition,
Fig. 6
die schematische Seitenansicht der Schaufel nebst Fuß nach Fig. 3 bis 5,
Fig. 7
eine gegenüber Fig. 2 bis 6 abgewandelte Ausführung, die durch eine scheibenhöcker-mittig in Umfangsrichtung verlaufende Steg-Schaufel- Axialsicherung gekennzeichnet ist, und zwar von vorn aus gesehen,
Fig. 8
die Scheibensektion gemäß Fig. 7, jedoch ohne Schaufel, unter Verdeutlichung des örtlich mittigen Stegverlaufs,
Fig. 9
eine Rad- und Deckscheibensektion in Kombination mit dem Konzept nach Fig. 1 bis 6 für zu kühlende Turbinenlaufschaufeln,
Fig. 10
Turbinenlaufschaufel - wie in Fig. 5 dargestellt, jedoch unter Verdeutlichung des genau erstellbaren Längenmaßes A (siehe auch Fig. 9,11 und 14),
Fig. 11
eine durch Seitenansicht einer Turbinenlaufschaufel schematisch verkörperte weitere Variante mit schaufelrückseitig zwischen Fußplatte und Fuß in Radial- und Umfangsrichtung ausgesparter Ausnehmung am hinteren radialen Wandteil der Schaufel,
Fig. 12
die von hinten gesehene Schaufel nebst Fuß nach Fig. 11,
Fig. 13
die gemäß Fig. 12 gesehene und dargestellte Schaufel unter Verdeutlichung der Einbausituation in die Radscheibe, hier im Wege perspektivischen Teilausschnitts und
Fig. 14
die Radscheibensektion gemäß Fig. 2, jedoch unter Verdeutlichung des Längenmaßes A in Bezug auf Fig. 11,
Fig. 15
die Seitenansicht einer gekühlten Laufschaufel nebst Radscheibensektion in Kombination mit schaufelrückseitgem Stegeingriff gemäß Fig. 6 und
Fig. 16
die in die Zeichnungsebene projizierte Draufsicht auf die Radscheibensektion nach Fig. 15 unter Zuordnung eines Schaufelschnitts gemäß A-A der Fig. 15.
Advantageous refinements of the invention result from the features of claims 2 to 9. The invention is further explained using the drawings, for example; show it:
Fig. 1
a diagram embodying the mutual component overlap N for the purpose of axial fixation and possibly sealing with regard to the mutual broaching-grinding contour disc / blade,
Fig. 2
a front view of a wheel disc section with webs located at the rear end of the disc humps as blade stop surfaces,
Fig. 3
2 shows a perspective view, seen from the front, of a turbine blade built into the disk section according to FIG. 2,
Fig. 4
3 shows an installation situation of the turbine blade, as seen from the front, embodied by a blade radial section, together with the wheel disk section according to FIG. 3, illustrating the local component overlap N,
Fig. 5
3 and 4, showing the local web position on the back of the blade,
Fig. 6
3 shows the schematic side view of the shovel together with the foot according to FIGS. 3 to 5,
Fig. 7
2 to 6 modified embodiment, which is characterized by a disk-bump-centered circumferential web-blade axial securing device, seen from the front,
Fig. 8
7, but without a shovel, clarifying the locally central web course,
Fig. 9
1 shows a wheel and cover disk section in combination with the concept according to FIGS. 1 to 6 for turbine blades to be cooled,
Fig. 10
Turbine rotor blade - as shown in FIG. 5, but with clarification of the length dimension A which can be created precisely (see also FIGS. 9, 11 and 14),
Fig. 11
FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment schematically embodied by a side view of a turbine rotor blade with a recess on the rear radial wall part of the blade between the base plate and base in the radial and circumferential direction,
Fig. 12
the shovel seen from behind and the foot according to FIG. 11,
Fig. 13
the shovel seen and shown in FIG. 12 with clarification of the installation situation in the wheel disc, here in the way partial perspective section and
Fig. 14
2, but clarifying the length dimension A in relation to FIG. 11,
Fig. 15
the side view of a cooled rotor blade together with wheel disc section in combination with blade rear web engagement according to FIG. 6 and
Fig. 16
15, with the assignment of a blade section according to AA of FIG. 15.

Beispielhaft (Fig.1 bis 4) liegt ein axial durchströmtes Laufschaufelgitter einer Turbine, insbesondere eines Gasturbinenstrahltriebwerkes vor, bei dem die Laufschaufeln 1 mit ihren Füßen 2 an geometrisch darauf abgestimmten, untereinander beabstandete Scheibenhöcker 8 (Fig.2) belassenden Axialnuten 3 der Radscheibe (Fig. 3 und 4) gehaltert sind, wobei zwischen fußseitigen Abschnitten der Schaufeln 1 und der Radscheibe 4 Bauteilüberdeckungen N (Fig.1 und 4) als axiale Schaufelsicherung in einer Richtung ausgebildet sind. Dabei schließen die scheibenseitig verankerten Laufschaufeln 1 zwischen Schaufelfußplatten 5 und Radscheibenoberfläche sich in Achs- und Umfangsrichtung erstreckende Zwischenräume ein (Fig. 3 und 4), an denen die Bauteilüberdeckungen N jeweils zwischen einem radial hinteren Wandteil 6 einer Fußplatte 5 und nasenartigen, von der Radscheibenoberfläche aus radial in die Zwischenräume hineinragenden Stegen 7 einer Axialnut 3 benachbarter Scheibenhöcker 8 ausgebildet sind.As an example (FIGS. 1 to 4), there is an axially flowed rotor blade grille of a turbine, in particular a gas turbine jet engine, in which the rotor blades 1 with their feet 2 on axial grooves 3 of the wheel disk (FIG. 2) which are spaced apart geometrically and are spaced apart from one another (FIG. 2) 3 and 4) are held, wherein component overlaps N (FIGS. 1 and 4) are formed in one direction between the base-side sections of the blades 1 and the wheel disk 4 as axial blade securing means. The disk-anchored rotor blades 1 between the blade root plates 5 and the wheel disk surface include spaces extending in the axial and circumferential directions (FIGS. 3 and 4), at which the component overlaps N each between a radially rear wall part 6 of a foot plate 5 and nose-like, from the wheel disk surface are formed from webs 7 of an axial groove 3 of adjacent disc bumps 8 projecting radially into the interspaces.

Dabei überschneiden sich die jeweils äußeren Umrißkonturen der Stege 7 (Fig.4) und des Wandteils in axialer Sicherungsposition gegenseitig, worin - wie zusätzlich durch Fig. 1 verdeutlicht - die Stegumrißkontur von den scheibenseitig nach außen geometrisch fortgesetzten Räumkonturen R benachbarter Axialnuten 3 und die Umrißkontur des Wandteils 6 aus den scheibenseitig nach außen geometrisch fortgesetzten Schleifkonturen S des betreffenden Schaufelfußes 2 gebildet sein kann.The respective outer contour contours of the webs 7 (FIG. 4) and the wall part in the axial securing position mutually overlap, wherein - as additionally illustrated by FIG. 1 - the web contour contour from the disc-shaped broaching contours R of adjacent axial grooves 3 and the contour contour of the wall part 6 can be formed from the grinding contours S of the blade root 2 in question, which are geometrically continued on the outside.

Vorliegende Ausführungsbeispiele sehen übliche zweizähnige Verbundrotorschaufeln vor, ohne allerdings an eine derartige Fußgeometrie verbindlich gebunden zu sein. Mit anderen Worten kann die betreffende Fußgeometrie z.B. hammerkopfartig oder, wie in Fig. 1,3,5 usw. dargestellt, tannenzapfen- oder tannenbaumfußartig ausgebildet sein.The present exemplary embodiments provide customary bidentate composite rotor blades without, however, being bound to such a foot geometry. In other words, the relevant foot geometry can e.g. hammer head-like or, as shown in Fig. 1,3,5 etc., be designed like a pine cone or a fir tree foot.

Damit die betreffenden Laufschaufeln 1 montierbar sind, kann ein Teil der betreffenden Scheibenhöcker 8 (Fig.2) im oberen bzw. äußeren Bereich - unter Ausbildung der Stege 7 - entsprechend abgearbeitet werden. Die genannte Abarbeitung kann beispielsweise durch Drehen erfolgen.So that the blades 1 in question can be mounted, a part of the disc bumps 8 in question (FIG. 2) in the upper or outer region can be processed accordingly, with the webs 7 being formed. The processing mentioned can be carried out, for example, by turning.

Im Prinzip kann aber auch die Radscheibe 4 (Fig.2) von vorherein im Sinne des notwendigen Sollmaßes hergestellt werden. D.h. , die betreffende Radscheibe 4 kann von vornherein beispielsweise elektrochemisch oder im Rahmen eines Drucksinterverfahrens im Rahmen des geforderten Sollmaßes bzw. der Vorkehrungen zur Ausbildung der Stege 7 hergestellt werden, wobei gegebenenfalls eine geeignete Oberflächennachbearbeitung auf das erforderliche Sollmaß erfolgen kann im Wege spanender bzw. schleifender Nachbearbeitung.In principle, however, the wheel disc 4 (FIG. 2) can also be manufactured beforehand in the sense of the required nominal size. I.e. , The wheel disk 4 in question can be produced from the outset, for example, electrochemically or as part of a pressure sintering process in the context of the required nominal size or the precautions for the formation of the webs 7, suitable surface finishing to the required nominal size optionally being able to be carried out by machining or grinding finishing .

Wie insbesondere aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich, wachsen also praktisch die genannten Stege aus der Radscheibe heraus, so daß sie sich hier am stromabwärtigen Ende der betreffenden Scheibenhöcker 8 zwischen den Umfangsnuten 3 erstrecken.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, the above-mentioned webs practically grow out of the wheel disk, so that they extend here between the circumferential grooves 3 at the downstream end of the disk hump 8 in question.

Insbesondere aus Fig. 2 erkennt man ferner, daß die betreffenden Stege 7 nasenartig ausgebildet sind und sich jeweils parallel zu den Scheibenstirnflächen an den Nasenhöckern 8 erstrecken.From FIG. 2 in particular it can also be seen that the webs 7 in question are nose-shaped and each extend parallel to the front faces of the nasal bumps 8.

Wie insbesondere aus Fig. 6 ersichtlich, können die radialen Wandteile der betreffenden Laufschaufeln 1, also beispielsweise der hier hintere radiale Wandteil 6 an der Fußplatte 5, mit räumlich nach innen eingezogenen Ausnehmungen 9 ausgestattet sein, um die betreffenden Gegenabschnitte der Stege 7 an der Radscheibe 4 aufzunehmen.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 6, the radial wall parts of the moving blades 1 in question, that is to say, for example, the radial wall part 6 on the base plate 5, which is at the rear here, can be spatially aligned recesses 9 drawn in on the inside to receive the relevant counter sections of the webs 7 on the wheel disk 4.

Wie ferner aus den Fig. 3,5 und 6 insbesondere ersichtlich ist, weist jede Turbinenlaufschaufel 1 mindestens zwei axial beabstandete radiale, sich über die gesamte Breite einer Fußplatte 5 erstreckende vordere und hintere Wandteile 6' bzw. 6 auf; wie aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich, bildet also die Laufschaufel 1 über das hintere Wandteil 6, beidseitig die Radscheibenoberfläche in Umfangsrichtung überkragende Anschlagflächen gegen die betreffenden Stege 7 an der Radscheibe 4 aus. Die damit einhergehenden Bauteilüberdeckungen N (Fig. 4) können verhältnismäßig klein sein; sie sind abhängig von der Summe der Toleranzen an den betreffenden gegenseitigen Anlagestellen, der Fliehkraft und der Thermodehnungen der Schaufel, der Durchbiegung des betreffenden Steges 7 an der Radscheibe 4 durch Axialkräfte sowie ferner abhängig von der Flächenpressung zwischen dem betreffenden Steg 7 und der Laufschaufel 1.As can also be seen in particular from FIGS. 3, 5 and 6, each turbine blade 1 has at least two axially spaced radial front and rear wall parts 6 ′ and 6, which extend over the entire width of a base plate 5; As can be seen from FIG. 3, the rotor blade 1 thus forms stop surfaces against the relevant webs 7 on the wheel disk 4 via the rear wall part 6 on both sides of the wheel disk surface in the circumferential direction. The associated component overlaps N (FIG. 4) can be relatively small; they are dependent on the sum of the tolerances at the relevant mutual contact points, the centrifugal force and the thermal expansions of the blade, the deflection of the relevant web 7 on the wheel disk 4 by axial forces and also on the surface pressure between the relevant web 7 and the rotor blade 1.

Aus Fig. 3, Fig. 5 wie Fig. 6 ist ferner entnehmbar, daß das jeweils vordere und hintere Ende der Fußplatte 5 jeder Laufschaufel 1 die betreffenden radialen Wandteile 6,6' in axialer Richtung dachförmig überragt.From Fig. 3, Fig. 5 like Fig. 6 it can also be seen that the respective front and rear ends of the base plate 5 of each rotor blade 1 protrude from the radial wall parts 6, 6 'in question in the axial direction.

Gemäß Fig. 7 und 8 erstrecken sich die zuvor genannten Stege 7 an der Radscheibe 4 hier im mittleren Umfangsbereich entlang der Oberflächen der betreffenden Scheibenhöcker 8. Im Zusammenhang mit dieser Konfiguration der Stege 7 ist also eine Schaufelausführung darstellbar, die am stromabwärtigen Ende einen vergleichsweise großen axial auskragenden dachförmigen Überhang mit der Fußplatte 5 ausbildet. Dementsprechend ergibt sich ein vergleichsweise schmaler umfangsseitiger Kanalabschnitt zwischen den beiden radialen Wandteilen 6 und 6', und zwar örtlich oberhalb der von den Höckern 8 ausgebildeten Radscheibenoberfläche.7 and 8, the above-mentioned webs 7 on the wheel disk 4 extend here in the middle circumferential area along the surfaces of the disk bumps 8 in question. In connection with this configuration of the webs 7, a blade design can be represented that has a comparatively large one at the downstream end axially projecting roof-shaped overhang with the base plate 5. Accordingly, there is a comparatively narrow circumferential channel section between the two radial wall parts 6 and 6 ', locally above the wheel disc surface formed by the cusps 8.

Fig. 9 veranschaulicht ein gekühltes Hochdrucklaufschaufelkonzept. Dabei ist der Radscheibe 4 eine stirnseitig mitrotierende Deckscheibe 10 zugeordnet, welche die im Sinne der Fig. 2 bis 6 in der Radscheibe 4 an den Stegen 7 aufsitzenden, zu kühlenden Laufschaufeln 1' auch in der axial entgegengesetzten Richtung fixieren soll. MIt dem äußeren Bauteilabschnitt 10' sitzt also die Deckscheibe 10 stirnseitig an den betreffenden Gegenflächen der radialen Wandteile 6', den Scheibenhökkern 8 (Fig.2) und den Schaufelfüßen 2 einwandfrei auf.9 illustrates a cooled high pressure blade concept. In this case, the wheel disk 4 is assigned a cover disk 10 which also rotates on the end face and which, in the sense of FIGS. 2 to 6, is also intended to fix the rotor blades 1 'to be cooled in the wheel disk 4 on the webs 7 in the axially opposite direction. With the outer component section 10 ', the cover disk 10 is seated correctly on the end face on the relevant mating surfaces of the radial wall parts 6', the disk hub core 8 (FIG. 2) and the blade roots 2.

Gemäß Fig. 9 bildet die Deckscheibe 10 entlang der Radscheibe 4 eine Kühlluftkammer 11 aus, die von den betrefffenden Schaufelfußseiten aus über geeignete Kühlmittelleitungen 12,13 (Kühlluftfluß von F nach F') an die zu kühlenden Laufschaufeln 1' des Laufgitters angeschlossen ist. Dabei wird also die Kammer 11 mittels z.B. am Hochdruckverdichterende entnommener Luft beaufschlagt, die über das Hohlwellensystem des Hochdruckverdichters zugeführt wird; es können hier-bei zwischen jeweiliger Fußplatte 5 sowie einem vorderen und hinteren Wandteil 6',6 und der Radscheibenoberfläche eingeschlossene Zwischenräume zur Kühlluftführung in die Laufschaufeln 1' (Schaufelblätter) ausgebildet sein.According to FIG. 9, the cover disk 10 forms a cooling air chamber 11 along the wheel disk 4, which is connected to the moving blades 1 'of the moving grille from the relevant blade root sides via suitable coolant lines 12, 13 (cooling air flow from F to F'). The chamber 11 is thus e.g. Air taken at the high-pressure compressor end, which is supplied via the hollow shaft system of the high-pressure compressor; In this case, spaces between the respective base plate 5 and a front and rear wall part 6 ', 6 and the wheel disk surface can be formed for guiding the cooling air into the rotor blades 1' (airfoil blades).

Unter Verwendung gleicher Bezugszeichen für im wesentlichen unveränderte Bauteile weicht das Beispiel nach Fig. 11 bis 14 von demjenigen nach Fig. 2 bis 6 dadurch ab, daß am rückwärtigen Ende der Turbinenlaufschaufel 1, im Bereich des hinteren Wandteils 6 sowie zwischen örtlichem Ende der Fußplatte 5 und Fuß 2, eine verhältnismäßig großflächige Ausnehmung 12 ausgebildet ist, in die die Stege 7 örtlich hineinragen (Fig. 13).Using the same reference numerals for essentially unchanged components, the example according to FIGS. 11 to 14 differs from that according to FIGS. 2 to 6 in that at the rear end of the turbine blade 1, in the region of the rear wall part 6 and between the local end of the base plate 5 and foot 2, a relatively large-area recess 12 is formed, into which the webs 7 protrude locally (FIG. 13).

Es ist durchaus möglich, entgegen der bisher gezeigten Einschubrichtung der Laufschaufeln - von links nach rechts - die Schaufeln in umgekehrter Richtung am Rotor bzw. an der Radscheibe 4 in Axialrichtung festzulegen.It is entirely possible, contrary to the insertion direction of the rotor blades shown so far - from left to right - to fix the blades in the opposite direction on the rotor or on the wheel disk 4 in the axial direction.

Anstelle gezeigter Deckscheiben gemäß Fig. 9 können auch anderweitige zusätzliche scheibenförmige Sicherungselemente (mitrotierend) vorgesehen werden, die nicht mit einer gemäß Fig. 9 beispielhaft gewählten Kühlmittelführung im Zusammenhang stehen müssen.Instead of the cover disks shown in FIG. 9, other additional disk-shaped securing elements (co-rotating) can also be provided, which do not have to be related to a coolant guide chosen as an example in accordance with FIG. 9.

Im Hinblick auf z.B. gekühlte Laufschaufeln 1' verdeutlichen die Fig. 15 und 16 nochmals eine Variante, beispielsweise in Form rückwärtigen Eingriffs der Stege 7 in betreffende Ausnehmungen 9 (siehe auch Fig. 6) wobei die betreffenden hinteren radialen Wandteile 6 satt an den Stegen 7 anliegen. Aus Fig. 16 ist ferner erkennbar, daß die Schaufelfußnuten 3 jeweils unter gleichen Winkeln gegenüber der betreffenden Scheibenachse geneigt angeordnet sind. Derartig geneigt bzw. schräg angeordnete Nuten 3 sind bei sämtlichen vorhergehenden Ausführungsformen beispielhaft zugrunde gelegt. Die Axial- bzw. Fußnuten könnten selbstverständlich auch Achsparallel angeordnet sein.With regard to e.g. 15 and 16 once again illustrate a variant, for example in the form of rearward engagement of the webs 7 in the relevant recesses 9 (see also FIG. 6), the rear radial wall parts 6 in question abutting the webs 7. From Fig. 16 it can also be seen that the blade root grooves 3 are each inclined at the same angles with respect to the disk axis in question. Such inclined or inclined grooves 3 are used as an example in all the previous embodiments. The axial or foot grooves could of course also be arranged axially parallel.

Vorteilhaft können ferner beispielhaft genannte Laufgittervarianten so ausgebildet sein, daß die Bauteilüberdeckungen N eine örtliche Sekundärstromdichtung gegenüber der Luftströmung im Verdichterkanal (Verdichterlaufschaufeln) bzw. gegenüber der Heißgasströmung in Turbinenkanal (Turbinenlaufschaufeln) ausbilden.Advantageously, cage variants mentioned by way of example can also be designed such that the component overlaps N form a local secondary flow seal with respect to the air flow in the compressor duct (compressor rotor blades) or with respect to the hot gas flow in the turbine duct (turbine rotor blades).

Hierzu können korrespondierende Abschnitte der Bauteilüberdeckungen mit z.B. durch Flamm- oder Plasmaspritzen erzeugten Dichtmaterialien ausgekleidet sein.Corresponding sections of the component overlaps with e.g. sealing materials produced by flame or plasma spraying.

Insbesondere im Wege des Beispiels nach Fig. 9 können die Bauteilüberdeckungen N eine örtliche Kühlluftabsperrdichtung gegenüber der Heißgasströmung in der Turbine ausbilden.9, the component overlaps N can form a local cooling air shutoff seal with respect to the hot gas flow in the turbine.

Claims (9)

  1. Axially traversed row of rotor blades for compressors or turbines, in particular gas turbine jet engines, in which row the rotor blades (1) are held with their feet (2) at axial grooves (3) of the rotor disc (4), which grooves are geometrically matched to the feet and leave mutually spaced disc protuberances (8), in which component overlaps (N) are formed as axial blade securement between foot-end sections of the blades and the rotor disc and in which the rotor blades (1) between blade foot plates (5) and rotor disc surface enclose cavities extending in an axial and peripheral direction, characterised in that the foot plates (5) have radial wall portions (6, 6') and the component overlaps (N) are formed at the cavities in each case between a radial wall portion (6, 6') and lug-like cross-pieces (7) at the disc protuberances (8) projecting from the rotor disc surface radially into the cavities.
  2. Rotor blade row according to claim 1, characterised in that the respective outer outline contours of the cross-pieces (7) and of a wall portion (6) mutually overlap in the axial position of securement, in which the cross-piece outline contour is formed by the broached contours (R) of adjacent axial grooves (3) geometrically continued outwards on the disc side and the outline contour of the wall portion (6) is formed from the sliding contours (S) of the respective blade foot (2) geometrically continued outwards on the disc side.
  3. Rotor blade row according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the radial wall portion (6) of a blade foot plate (5) has recesses (9) which are drawn inwards spatially for the purpose of receiving respective sections of the cross-pieces (7).
  4. Rotor blade row according to one or several of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that each blade (1) has a front and rear radial wall portion (6';6) which extends in the peripheral direction on the foot plate (5) and of which the front or rear wall portion (6';6), in each case on both sides of the blade foot (2), forms the component overlap (N).
  5. Rotor blade row according to one or several of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the front and rear end of the foot plate (5) of each rotor blade (1) projects over the radial wall portions (6';6) in an axial direction in a roof-like manner.
  6. Rotor blade row according to one or several of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that coordinated with the rotor disc (4) in a manner known per se there is a cover disc (10) which rotates with the rotor disc on the face and which fixes the rotor blades (1'), which sit in the rotor disc (4) at the cross-pieces (7), in the opposite axial direction.
  7. Rotor blade row according to claim 6, having cooled turbine rotor blades, characterised in that the cover disc (10) forms in a manner known per se along the rotor disc (4) at least one cooling air chamber (11) which is connected by way of suitable coolant lines (12, 13) to the rotor blades (1') to be cooled.
  8. Rotor blade row according to one or several of the claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the component overlaps form a local secondary flow seal in respect of compressor air or hot gas.
  9. Rotor blade row according to claim 7, characterised in that the component overlaps form a local cooling air cut-off in respect of the hot gas flow in the turbine, with cavities, enclosed between respective foot plate (5) together with a front and rear radial wall portion (6';6) and the rotor disc surface, being formed for the purpose of guiding cooling air into the rotor blades (1').
EP88120768A 1987-12-19 1988-12-13 Axially traversed row of rotor blades for compressors or turbines Expired - Lifetime EP0321825B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3743253 1987-12-19
DE19873743253 DE3743253A1 (en) 1987-12-19 1987-12-19 AXIAL FLOWED BLADE BLADES FOR COMPRESSORS OR TURBINES

Publications (3)

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EP0321825A2 EP0321825A2 (en) 1989-06-28
EP0321825A3 EP0321825A3 (en) 1989-08-30
EP0321825B1 true EP0321825B1 (en) 1992-12-16

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EP88120768A Expired - Lifetime EP0321825B1 (en) 1987-12-19 1988-12-13 Axially traversed row of rotor blades for compressors or turbines

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US (1) US4940389A (en)
EP (1) EP0321825B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3120849B2 (en)
DE (2) DE3743253A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2036662T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3120849B2 (en) 2000-12-25
DE3876768D1 (en) 1993-01-28
JPH01193005A (en) 1989-08-03
US4940389A (en) 1990-07-10
DE3743253A1 (en) 1989-06-29
DE3743253C2 (en) 1991-04-25
ES2036662T3 (en) 1993-06-01
EP0321825A2 (en) 1989-06-28
EP0321825A3 (en) 1989-08-30

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