EP0313454B1 - Servo-controlled lock with rotary bolt - Google Patents

Servo-controlled lock with rotary bolt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0313454B1
EP0313454B1 EP19880402624 EP88402624A EP0313454B1 EP 0313454 B1 EP0313454 B1 EP 0313454B1 EP 19880402624 EP19880402624 EP 19880402624 EP 88402624 A EP88402624 A EP 88402624A EP 0313454 B1 EP0313454 B1 EP 0313454B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bolt
closing
plate
pin
lock according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19880402624
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0313454A1 (en
Inventor
Joel Girard
Christian Wattebled
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cessione vachette Ymos
Original Assignee
Vachette SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8714529A external-priority patent/FR2622241B1/en
Application filed by Vachette SA filed Critical Vachette SA
Publication of EP0313454A1 publication Critical patent/EP0313454A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0313454B1 publication Critical patent/EP0313454B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B81/00Power-actuated vehicle locks
    • E05B81/12Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators
    • E05B81/20Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators for assisting final closing or for initiating opening
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B15/00Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
    • E05B15/0046Ratchet mechanisms
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B81/00Power-actuated vehicle locks
    • E05B81/12Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators
    • E05B81/20Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators for assisting final closing or for initiating opening
    • E05B81/21Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators for assisting final closing or for initiating opening with means preventing or detecting pinching of objects or body parts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S292/00Closure fasteners
    • Y10S292/43Rear deck lid latches
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T292/00Closure fasteners
    • Y10T292/08Bolts
    • Y10T292/1043Swinging
    • Y10T292/1044Multiple head
    • Y10T292/1045Operating means
    • Y10T292/1047Closure
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T292/00Closure fasteners
    • Y10T292/08Bolts
    • Y10T292/1043Swinging
    • Y10T292/1075Operating means
    • Y10T292/1082Motor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lock comprising a rotary bolt intended to cooperate with a keeper, of the type which includes: motor means capable of assisting at least the closing; manual control means making it possible to ensure opening and closing in the event of failure of the assistance motor means; a transmission device capable of communicating a rotary movement to the bolt from the assistance means for the direction which corresponds to the closing of the lock, as well as anti-blocking means suitable for being actuated by the control means manual in order to prevent the normal blocking action of the transmission device and to disconnect the bolt from the assistance means in the event of their failure.
  • the invention relates in particular, because it is in this case that its application seems to be of most interest, but not exclusively, such a lock intended for a system for closing a door of a motor vehicle, such as a trunk door, a side door, a hood or the like.
  • Such locks have a great smoothness of operation on closing and generally on opening, and improved comfort of use.
  • the user need only manually approach the door, the tailgate or equivalent member of its closed position so that the assistance means intervene automatically and complete, by themselves, closing the door.
  • These assistance means are generally electrical means.
  • the object of the invention is, above all, to provide a lock of the kind defined above which is of a simple and robust construction, and of a reduced space requirement in particular as regards the means for allowing the opening and closing in the event failure of the assistance means.
  • a lock of the kind defined above is characterized in that the transmission device is of the freewheel type and is mounted in a recess of the bolt, concentric with the axis of rotation of this bolt.
  • the device of the freewheel type may comprise notches provided on the internal wall of the recess, and at least one pawl mounted on a rotor and capable of cooperating with the notches, this pawl being elastically biased in the external radial direction to s' engage in a notch, the rotor being wedged on a shaft intended to be driven by the motor means.
  • the anti-blocking means may comprise means for erasing the pawl (s), which means comprise a plate mounted to slide in the radial direction, the movement of this plate being ensured by the manual control means, the plate being able to cooperate with at least one associated pawl to move it away from the internal surface of the recess of the bolt, when said plate is moved radially inwards.
  • Conjugated means comprising, on the one hand, an inclined lumen or ramp and, on the other hand, a pin engaged in this lumen are provided to ensure the radial displacement of the plate.
  • the pin is secured to a part mounted to rotate coaxially with the bolt and whose rotation is obtained by acting on the manual control means, while the inclined light in which the pin is engaged, is provided in the plate, l 'assembly being such that the rotation of the part in an appropriate direction causes the radial displacement of the plate inwards and releases the associated pawl from the notch of the internal recess.
  • the assistance motor means comprise a non-reversible electric geared motor, the rotor of the freewheel type transmission device being linked in rotation to the output shaft of this geared motor.
  • the manual control means advantageously comprise a push-button, or equivalent, suitable for controlling, during its depressing, first of all a switch intended to implement the assistance motor means then, during the continuation of its push-in stroke, manual opening control.
  • an obstacle is opposed to the complete closing of the door which is particularly troublesome in the case where motor assistance means intervene, because they can induce significant forces likely to cause damage on the obstacle hindering the closing.
  • Such an obstacle may be constituted, involuntarily, by a finger, a hand or by luggage.
  • the lock includes means sensitive to the closing resistance force capable of acting on the anti-blocking means and / or on the assistance means for stopping the assisted closing movement when the resistance force exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the above means sensitive to the resistance force are provided to act over a limited range, at the start of the closure.
  • the means sensitive to the closing resistance force comprise a declutching pin, elastically urged, capable of establishing a rotational connection between the bolt driven by the assistance means, and an auxiliary part capable of transmitting the forces. between the bolt and the strike.
  • the declutching pin is oriented substantially radially and is pushed, in the direction of the center, by a spring, this pin comprising a frustoconical head turned radially inward capable of cooperating with a V-shaped notch provided on the periphery of the auxiliary part, rotatably mounted coaxially with the bolt, the pin being carried by the bolt and being able to slide radially.
  • the auxiliary part may have the shape of a neck ronne and comprises an arm extending radially outwards suitable for projecting into a slot in the bolt intended to receive the keeper, the closing force being transmitted to the keeper by the above-mentioned arm.
  • the bolt has a protuberance located behind the arm of the crown, in the direction of rotation corresponding to the closure, an angular difference existing between the facing faces of the arm and of the protuberance when the declutching pin is engaged in the notch of the auxiliary part, this angular difference disappearing and the protrusion coming into abutment against the arm when the declutching pin is of the notch of the auxiliary part.
  • the anti-blocking means comprise a plate mounted to slide substantially in the radial direction and immobilized in rotation
  • this plate advantageously includes a flange which covers the path of the external end of the declutching pin, the assembly being such that when the pin comes out of the notch of the auxiliary part, its opposite end pushes the rim of the said plate, which is thus moved in translation and controls the release of the freewheel.
  • the edge of the above-mentioned plate covers the path of the end of the declutching pin over a limited angular extent corresponding, for example, to a stroke of approximately 10 mm from the keeper, at the start of the closing.
  • a reversing contact suitable for being controlled by the radial displacement of the aforesaid plate or of the declutching pin is provided, this reversing contact controlling the reversal of the direction of rotation of the assistance motor means; in this case, it is not essential to cause the freewheel to be released to stop the closing action since the rotation of the assistance motor is reversed.
  • the triggering threshold of the means sensitive to the closing resistance force corresponds to a force of the order of 10 daN at the level of the force on the keeper.
  • the lock is arranged in such a way that triggering or disengaging is possible only substantially over the first half of the closing stroke.
  • a lock S comprising a rotary bolt 1 intended to cooperate with a strike 2.
  • the lock S is intended for a system for closing a door of a motor vehicle. It is more particularly, for the embodiment of the drawings, a trunk door or a tailgate which pivots about a horizontal axis, oriented transversely to the average longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
  • the lock S comprises a base 3 intended to be fixed to the frame of the vehicle, and stationary relative to this frame.
  • the keeper 2 may include a cylindrical rod having a transverse part, provided on the trunk door or on the tailgate, and movable with the latter. According to the representation of FIG. 1, the keeper 2 therefore describes a circular movement around an axis located on the left of this figure 1.
  • the trajectory of keeper 2 is substantially tangent to a vertical, and the movement of the keeper 2 in the vicinity of the lock S is substantially a vertical rectilinear movement from top to bottom, during closing, and from bottom to top during opening.
  • the base 3 can form a sort of box comprising two parallel side walls 4 between which the bolt is mounted 1.
  • Each wall 4 has a notch 5 whose average direction is that of the movement of the keeper 2 in the vicinity of the lock S.
  • the mean direction of the notches 5 is vertical, these notches being open on the side of the keeper 2.
  • the bolt 1 is formed by a flat piece whose outline, visible in Figure 1, has two elongated edges which are substantially parallel.
  • the bolt 1 is rotatably mounted around a geometric axis A located on one side of the notch 5, on the right side according to the example of Figure 1.
  • the end of the bolt 1 intended to cooperate with the keeper 2 comprises a light 6, limited by two edges parallel to the longitudinal average direction of the bolt 1, and opening on the short side of this bolt facing the strike 2.
  • the average direction of this light 6 is inclined relative to the mean direction of the notch 5, and the opening of said lumen 6 is located in the opening of the notch 5 so that when the keeper 2 enters the notch 5, it penetrates also in said light 6.
  • the end 7 of the bolt opposite the light 6 may have a rounded shape, substantially half circle.
  • a radial extension 8 projecting downward in the embodiment of Figure 1 is provided in the connection area of this end 7 and a long side of the bolt.
  • the outer end of this extension 8 is connected to elastic means 9 for returning the bolt to the open position.
  • These return means 9 are advantageously formed by a tension spring, one end 10 of which is attached to the base 3, while the other end 11 of this spring is attached to a hole 12 provided towards the outer radial end of the extension 8.
  • the light 6 determines, in the bolt 1, two branches 13, 14 located respectively, according to the representation of FIG. 1, to the right and to the left of the mean direction of the light 6.
  • the branch 14 constitutes, in a way, the lower branch most engaged in the base 3.
  • a contact 15, sensitive to the passage of a magnet C carried by the branch 14, for example a "REED" contact is mounted in the base 3.
  • the magnet C In the open position of the lock, as shown in Figure 1, the magnet C is in the vicinity of the contact 15 which occupies a first state.
  • the bolt 1 rotates anti-clockwise, according to FIG. 1, and the end of the branch 14 moves away from the contact 15 which changes state, for example which goes from the open position to the closed position.
  • the contact 15 is suitable for controlling assistance motor means 16, possibly via a relay.
  • These drive means 16 are mechanically connected to the bolt 1 by a kinematic chain, shown diagrammatically, to assist at least the closing of the lock by driving the bolt 1 in the desired direction, that is to say in the opposite direction to the needles of a watch.
  • the motor means 16 are started in the opposite direction, for example by the action of a key or the action of a push button, which allows the bolt 1 under the action of elastic return means 9 to rotate in the opening direction, that is to say in the clockwise direction according to FIG. 1.
  • the lock S comprises a transmission device T of the freewheel type suitable for communicating to the bolt 1 a rotational movement from the assistance means 16 for the direction which corresponds to the closing of the lock, that is to say for the anticlockwise direction according to FIG. 1, as well as anti-blocking means L (FIGS. 2 and 3) suitable for being actuated by manual control means M in order to prevent the normal action for blocking the freewheel 17 and for uncoupling the bolt 1 from the assistance means 16 in the event of the latter failing.
  • a transmission device T of the freewheel type suitable for communicating to the bolt 1 a rotational movement from the assistance means 16 for the direction which corresponds to the closing of the lock, that is to say for the anticlockwise direction according to FIG. 1, as well as anti-blocking means L (FIGS. 2 and 3) suitable for being actuated by manual control means M in order to prevent the normal action for blocking the freewheel 17 and for uncoupling the bolt 1 from the assistance means 16 in the event of the latter failing.
  • the freewheel 17 is mounted in a recess 18 of the bolt 1 concentrically with the axis of rotation A of this bolt.
  • the freewheel 17 comprises notches 19 provided on the internal wall of the recess 18 and two pawls 20, diametrically opposite, mounted on a rotor 21 rotatably mounted on the walls 4 of the base 3, coaxially with the bolt 1.
  • Each pawl 20 is articulated, at one end, on the rotor 21, and is urged by elastic return means 22, in the external radial direction, to engage, by its other end, in a notch 19.
  • the rotor 21 is wedged on a shaft 23 which projects out from the base 3 (see FIG. 2), and which is integral in rotation with a lever 24 whose angular movements are controlled by the assistance means 16.
  • the anti-blocking means L comprise means E for erasing the pawls 20.
  • the means E comprise, for each pawl, a plate 25 ( Figures 2 and 3) slidably mounted in the radial direction.
  • Each of the two diametrically opposite plates 25 has a substantially rectangular outline, as visible in FIG. 3, the side of this plate facing the shaft 23 having a notch 26 in an arc of a circle.
  • the zone 27 of the plate 25 located radially outwards has a greater thickness, as visible in FIG. 2, so as to project transversely, on the side of the bolt 1, by a distance h with respect to the rest of the plate.
  • Each pawl 20, as visible in FIG. 2 has a transverse extension 28 forming a hinge pin in a housing of the base 3, on the side of the bolt 1 opposite to that where the plates are located.
  • the dimension of the pawl 20 according to a direction parallel to the axis A is greater than the thickness of the bolt 1 so that the pawl 20 can protrude, as shown in FIG. 2, beyond the face of the bolt 1 facing the plates 25.
  • a rim 29 in an arc is formed on the internal face of each plate 25 at the connection with the thickest part 27.
  • This rim 29 is located radially outside of the pawls 20.
  • the assembly is arranged in such a way so that the flange 29 comes to cooperate with the part of the pawl 20 projecting relative to the bolt 20, when the associated plate 25 is moved radially inwards, so that the pawl 20 is pushed towards the axis A to the against elastic return means and is therefore released from the notches 19.
  • each plate 25 is ensured, from the manual control means M, using combined means comprising for each plate 25, a light or ramp 30 inclined relative to the radial direction and a pin 31 engaged in this light 30.
  • the pin 31 is integral with a part 32, forming a lever, rotatably mounted coaxially with the bolt 1.
  • Two pins 31 are provided diametrically opposite to cooperate respectively with the light 30 provided in each plate 25.
  • the rotation of the part 32 is obtained by action on the manual control means M which exert a push or a pull at the radial end 33 of this part 32. According to the representation in FIG. 3, the rotation of the part 32 in the direction of Clock hands cause, due to the inclination chosen for the lights 30, a radial displacement towards the inside of the two plates 25 and therefore the erasure of the pawls 20.
  • the assistance motor means 16 can be constituted by a non-reversible electric gear motor, the output shaft of which is linked in rotation to the shaft 23 and to the rotor 21.
  • the locking of the bolt 1, in the closed position, is obtained by stopping the geared motor 16, the engagement of the pawls 20 in the notches 19 preventing rotation of the bolt since the shaft 23 is stationary.
  • the manual control means M can comprise a push button 34, or equivalent, suitable for controlling, during its depressing, first of all a switch 35 intended to implement the motor means 16 in the direction of rotation corresponding to the opening, then, during the continuation of the push-in stroke of the button 34, the manual control of the opening by action on the part 32.
  • the closing of the trunk door is obtained in a conventional manner by slamming this door in the closing direction.
  • the keeper 2 as shown in FIG. 1, moves from top to bottom to enter the notch 5 and the light 6.
  • the keeper causes the bolt 1 to rotate counterclockwise, which is possible because, for this direction of rotation of the bolt 1 relative to the rotor 21 stationary, the pawls 20 do not exert a blocking effect and disappear when the notches 19 pass.
  • Manual opening is obtained by acting on the manual means M and more particularly on the lever-forming part 32 (FIG. 3) by means of the push button 34.
  • the opening action on the push button 34 by fully depressing this push button, causes the lever 32 to rotate clockwise.
  • the cooperation of the pins 31 and the slots 30 causes the displacement of the plates 25 radially inwards, to the extreme position shown in FIG. 3.
  • the edges 29 of the plates 25 cooperate with the pawls 20 and move these pawls inwards, away from the notches 19.
  • the bolt 1 is then released in rotation and begins to rotate in the opening direction (clockwise according to the drawings), under the action of the return spring 9.
  • the keeper 2 is released and the door can be opened.
  • the keeper 2 For closing the door, the keeper 2 always performs the vertical movement from top to bottom according to FIG. 1, due to the manual action of the user on the door.
  • the entry of the keeper 2 in the light 6 causes the beginning of the rotation movement of the bolt 1 in the counterclockwise direction.
  • the shaft 23 and the rotor 21 are driven in the same direction which corresponds to the locking of the pawls 20 in the notches 19 and therefore to the locking of the freewheel 17 which transmits the rotational movement to the bolt 1.
  • information of rotation in the opposite direction is sent to the geared motor 16.
  • This information can be obtained, as explained previously, by the closing of a contact 35 obtained at the start of the travel of the push button. 34.
  • this information could be provided by the action of a key in the lock.
  • the bolt 1a and the keeper 2 are mounted respectively on each of the parts intended to be locked relative to each other when the lock is closed.
  • the keeper is generally mounted on a fixed part of the door frame, while the bolt is mounted on the edge of the door; reverse mounting would be possible.
  • the keeper 2 performs, relative to the axis A of the bolt rotation, a relative movement which can be compared to a translational movement in a direction D substantially orthogonally to axis A.
  • the bolt comprises, on one of its lateral flat faces, a boss 36 located behind the slot 6a according to the direction of rotation corresponding to the closure.
  • the direction of rotation being the clock direction and the light 6a being directed downwards
  • the boss 36 located on the face of the bolt visible in FIG. 4, is located at the bottom of the bolt .
  • the front face 37 of this boss 36 is flat and substantially parallel to the direction of the ray passing through the middle of the lumen 6a. This light determines in the bolt 1 has two branches 13a, 14_a.
  • the bolt 1a comprises, in a peripheral zone situated substantially opposite the lumen 6a, a radial extension 38 provided with a radial housing 39 in which a disengaging pin 40 is mounted.
  • This pin is resiliently stressed by a spring compression 41, radially inward.
  • the spring 41 bears, at its end located radially outward, against a transverse shoulder of the housing 39 and, at its opposite end, against a transverse shoulder determined by a cylindrical zone 42 of larger diameter of the pin 40.
  • This zone 42 is extended radially inwards by a frustoconical head 43.
  • An auxiliary part 44 also rotatably mounted about the axis A is linked in rotation to the bolt 1a by means of the pin 40.
  • This part 44 has the shape of a crown concentric with the bolt, and carries, on its periphery a notch 45, V-shaped, opening outwards and suitable for receiving the head 43 when the axis of the pin 40 is in the bisector plane of the notch 45.
  • the part 44 comprises, substantially opposite the notch 45, an arm 46 projecting radially outward and suitable for being in the lumen 6a when the head 43 is engaged in the notch 45.
  • the edge 47 , of this arm 46 located forwardly in the direction of closure of the lock, is located in front of the rear edge of the slot 6a; when the bolt 1a is rotated in the clockwise direction, the head 43 being in the notch 45, it is the edge 47 of the arm 46 which comes into contact with the keeper 2.
  • the rear edge 48 of the arm 46 is spaced an angular distance from the front face 37 of the boss 36 when the head 43 is in the notch 45. If the part 44 comes to rotate relative to the bolt 1a, in the direction contrary to clock, the rear edge 48 abuts against the face 37 (see FIG. 5).
  • the freewheel 17a is mounted in a recess 18a of the bolt 1a, concentrically with the axis of rotation A.
  • the freewheel 17a comprises notches 19a provided on the internal wall of the recess 18a, and at least one pawl 20 mounted on a rotor 21 suitable for being driven in rotation, by the means 16, coaxially with the bolt 1a.
  • the or each pawl 20 is articulated, at one end, on the rotor 21 and is urged by elastic return means 22, schematically represented, in the external radial direction to engage, by its other end, in a notch 19.
  • These means E comprise a plate 25a mounted to slide in the radial direction, but locked in rotation.
  • the plate 25a has a flange 49 extending along an arc centered on the axis A and located near the outer peripheral limit of the extension 38.
  • the plate 25a has another flange 29a, in an arc, capable of cooperating, during a radial displacement of the plate 25a, with a side projecting part of the pawl 20, on the side opposite to the crown 44.
  • the housing 39 opens, radially outward, through an opening 51 suitable for leaving pass the end 50, while the length H of the pin 40 is provided so that this pin does not protrude by its end 50 beyond the outer radial edge of the extension 38, when the head 43 is housed in the recess 45.
  • the end 50 protrudes beyond the edge of the extension 38 and, cooperating with the rim 49, pushes back the plate 25a and releases the pawl 20 from the notches 19 of the bolt.
  • the angular extent of the flange 49 is such that the end 50 of the pin 40 can cooperate with this flange 49 for the start of the closing stroke of the lock.
  • 52 denotes the range of the relative positions of the center of the keeper 2 for which a disengagement is possible, that is to say for which the end 50 can act against the flange 49.
  • the pin 40 is located beyond the flange 49, so that the end 50 cannot push back the flange 49, as visible on the figure 6.
  • the range 54 of the relative positions of the center of the keeper 2, represented in FIG. 4, corresponds to the manual approach and to the entry of the keeper 2 into the lumen 6a of the bolt.
  • a reversing contact 55 suitable for being controlled by the output of the pin 40 from the recess 43, in the disengaging range 52.
  • This contact 55 can be arranged so as to be controlled by the movement of the plate 25a; for example, the contact 55 comprises a pusher located opposite the external face of the flange 49, the pusher of the contact 55 being pressed when the plate 25a is moved upwards.
  • the contact 55 is combined with a control logic so as to control the reversal of the direction of rotation of the assistance motor means 16 and therefore the reversal of the direction of rotation of the rotor 21.
  • Contact means (not shown) sensitive to the position of the bolt, are provided to activate the assistance means 16 when, after a manual approach, the bolt has turned, in the closing direction, by a relative angle ment weak pre-determined.
  • the door to be closed is approached manually from its closed position and the keeper 2 enters the space limited by the front edge of the light 6a and the front edge 47 of the arm 46.
  • the manual approach corresponding to the range 54 causes, by cooperation of the keeper 2 and the front edge of the light 6a, the rotation of the bolt 1 a in the clockwise direction, the crown 44 remaining linked to the bolt by the head 43 engaged in the notch 45.
  • this approach phase no significant torque is to be transmitted from the bolt 1 a to the crown 4, from the output that there is no reason for the head 44 sort of notch 45.
  • the rotation of the bolt 1a is sufficient to control a starting contact for the assistance motor 16 so that the rotor 21 will be driven in rotation in the clockwise direction, and transmit this movement with the bolt by the cooperation of the pawl 20 and notches 19 provided on the bolt.
  • a torque is therefore transmitted from the rotor 21 to the bolt 1a by the pawl 20, which is arched, and from the bolt 1 a to the auxiliary part 44 by means of the declutching pin 40 whose head 43 is engaged in the recess 45.
  • a closing force is transmitted by the arm 46 to the keeper 42 in contact with it.
  • the rotor 21 starts to rotate in the opposite direction, which also eliminates any torque in the clockwise direction on the bolt 1a. In this case, it is not necessary to lift the pawl 20 and the lower flange 29a of the plate 25a can be eliminated.
  • This solution has the advantage of avoiding a matting of the end of the pawl 20 which cooperates with the teeth 19, as well as a matting of the end of these teeth. Indeed, when the plate 25a is moved to raise the pawl 20, a relatively large force is developed between this pawl 20 and the latch since resistance to closing manifests. Reversing the direction of rotation avoids relatively high friction and shocks.
  • the lock in accordance with FIG. 4 makes it possible to obtain a disengagement making the action of the assistance motor means cease, which avoids damage that is difficult to repair.
  • the pin 40 crosses the angular range corresponding to the flange 49.
  • the forces developed are greater than the triggering threshold of the declutching pin 40 and its spring 41 so that the head 43 will come out of the recess 45.
  • the end 50 can no longer act on the flange 49, assistance continues and the bolt 1a continues to be driven in rotation by the pawl 20, while the arm 46 and the keeper 2 are stopped.
  • the assembly is preferably arranged, in particular as regards the force of the spring 41 and the inclination of the faces 45, so that the disengagement occurs for a force, at the level of the keeper 2, of approximately 10 daN, while the closing force, at the end of closing, is of the order of 50 daN.
  • the declutching range 52 corresponds substantially to the first half of the closing stroke, while the range 53 corresponds to the second half.
  • range 54 corresponds for example to 5 mm, while range 52 corresponds to 10 mm and range 53 also to 10 mm.
  • a lock according to the invention is of a simple and robust embodiment, in a small space due to the housing of the freewheel in the bolt. It is clear that other types of freewheel than that described in the particular embodiment may be suitable.
  • Such a lock is applicable to any system for closing a motor vehicle door, side doors, trunk door, tailgate. Protection in the event of an obstacle during closing can be provided in a simple and space-saving manner.

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  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Description

L'invention est relative à une serrure comprenant un pêne rotatif destiné à coopérer avec une gâche, du genre de celles qui comportent : des moyens moteurs propres à assister au moins la fermeture ; des moyens de commande manuelle permettant d'assurer l'ouverture et la fermeture en cas de panne des moyens moteurs d'assistance ; un dispositif de transmission propre à communiquer au pêne un mouvement de rotation à partir des moyens d'assistance pour le sens qui correspond à la fermeture de la serrure, ainsi que des moyens d'anti-blocage propres à être actionnés par les moyens de commande manuelle en vue d'empêcher l'action normale de blocage du dispositif de transmission et de désaccoupler le pêne des moyens d'assistance en cas de panne de ces derniers.The invention relates to a lock comprising a rotary bolt intended to cooperate with a keeper, of the type which includes: motor means capable of assisting at least the closing; manual control means making it possible to ensure opening and closing in the event of failure of the assistance motor means; a transmission device capable of communicating a rotary movement to the bolt from the assistance means for the direction which corresponds to the closing of the lock, as well as anti-blocking means suitable for being actuated by the control means manual in order to prevent the normal blocking action of the transmission device and to disconnect the bolt from the assistance means in the event of their failure.

L'invention concerne notamment, parce que c'est dans ce cas que son application semble devoir présenter le plus d'intérêt, mais non exclusivement, une telle serrure destinée à un système de fermeture d'une porte de véhicule automobile, telle qu'une porte de coffre, une porte latérale, un capot ou analogue.The invention relates in particular, because it is in this case that its application seems to be of most interest, but not exclusively, such a lock intended for a system for closing a door of a motor vehicle, such as a trunk door, a side door, a hood or the like.

De telles serrures présentent une grande douceur de fonctionnement à la fermeture et généralement à l'ouverture, et un confort d'utilisation amélioré. En effet, lors de la fermeture, il suffit, à l'utilisateur, d'approcher manuellement la porte, le hayon ou organe équivalent de sa position de fermeture pour que les moyens d'assistance interviennent automatiquement et achèvent, par eux-mêmes, la fermeture de la porte. Ces moyens d'assistance sont généralement des moyens électriques.Such locks have a great smoothness of operation on closing and generally on opening, and improved comfort of use. In fact, during closing, the user need only manually approach the door, the tailgate or equivalent member of its closed position so that the assistance means intervene automatically and complete, by themselves, closing the door. These assistance means are generally electrical means.

Les diverses réalisations de serrures de ce type, proposées jusqu'à ce jour, notamment par US-A-3 332 713, sont relativement compliquées et encombrantes, notamment au niveau des moyens permettant d'assurer l'ouverture et la fermeture en cas de panne des moyens moteurs d'assistance.The various embodiments of locks of this type, proposed to date, in particular by US-A-3,332,713, are relatively complicated and bulky, in particular in terms of the means making it possible to ensure opening and closing in the event of failure of the assistance motor means.

L'invention a pour but, surtout, de fournir une serrure du genre défini précédemment qui soit d'une construction simple et robuste, et d'un encombrement réduit notamment en ce qui concerne les moyens pour permettre l'ouverture et la fermeture en cas de panne des moyens d'assistance.The object of the invention is, above all, to provide a lock of the kind defined above which is of a simple and robust construction, and of a reduced space requirement in particular as regards the means for allowing the opening and closing in the event failure of the assistance means.

Selon l'invention, une serrure du genre défini précédemment est caractérisée par le fait que le dispositif de transmission est du type roue libre et est monté dans un évidement du pêne, concentriquement à l'axe de rotation de ce pêne.According to the invention, a lock of the kind defined above is characterized in that the transmission device is of the freewheel type and is mounted in a recess of the bolt, concentric with the axis of rotation of this bolt.

Le dispositif du type roue libre peut comprendre des crans prévus sur la paroi interne de l'évidement, et au moins un cliquet monté sur un rotor et propre à coopérer avec les crans, ce cliquet étant sollicité élastiquement dans le sens radial extérieur pour s'engager dans un cran, le rotor étant calé sur un arbre destiné à être entraîné par les moyens moteurs.The device of the freewheel type may comprise notches provided on the internal wall of the recess, and at least one pawl mounted on a rotor and capable of cooperating with the notches, this pawl being elastically biased in the external radial direction to s' engage in a notch, the rotor being wedged on a shaft intended to be driven by the motor means.

Les moyens d'anti-blocage peuvent comprendre des moyens pour effacer le ou les cliquets, lesquels moyens comprennent une plaque montée coulissante suivant la direction radiale, le déplacement de cette plaque étant assuré par les moyens de commande manuelle, la plaque étant propre à coopérer avec au moins un cliquet associé pour l'écarter de la surface interne de l'évidement du pêne, lorsque ladite plaque est déplacée radialement vers l'intérieur.The anti-blocking means may comprise means for erasing the pawl (s), which means comprise a plate mounted to slide in the radial direction, the movement of this plate being ensured by the manual control means, the plate being able to cooperate with at least one associated pawl to move it away from the internal surface of the recess of the bolt, when said plate is moved radially inwards.

Des moyens conjugués comportant, d'une part, une lumière ou une rampe inclinée et, d'autre part, un pion engagé dans cette lumière sont prévus pour assurer le déplacement radial de la plaque.Conjugated means comprising, on the one hand, an inclined lumen or ramp and, on the other hand, a pin engaged in this lumen are provided to ensure the radial displacement of the plate.

De préférence, le pion est solidaire d'une pièce montée rotative coaxialement au pêne et dont la rotation est obtenue en agissant sur les moyens de commande manuelle, tandis que la lumière inclinée dans laquelle est engagé le pion, est prévue dans la plaque, l'ensemble étant tel que la rotation de la pièce dans un sens approprié provoque le déplacement radial de la plaque vers l'intérieur et dégage le cliquet associé du cran de l'évidement interne.Preferably, the pin is secured to a part mounted to rotate coaxially with the bolt and whose rotation is obtained by acting on the manual control means, while the inclined light in which the pin is engaged, is provided in the plate, l 'assembly being such that the rotation of the part in an appropriate direction causes the radial displacement of the plate inwards and releases the associated pawl from the notch of the internal recess.

Avantageusement, les moyens moteurs d'assistance comprennent un moto-réducteur électrique non réversible, le rotor du dispositif de transmission du type roue libre étant lié en rotation à l'arbre de sortie de ce moto-réducteur.Advantageously, the assistance motor means comprise a non-reversible electric geared motor, the rotor of the freewheel type transmission device being linked in rotation to the output shaft of this geared motor.

Les moyens de commande manuelle comprennent avantageusement un bouton-poussoir, ou équivalent, propre à commander, au cours de son enfoncement, tout d'abord un interrupteur destiné à mettre en oeuvre les moyens moteurs d'assistance puis, lors de la poursuite de sa course d'enfoncement, la commande manuelle de l'ouverture.The manual control means advantageously comprise a push-button, or equivalent, suitable for controlling, during its depressing, first of all a switch intended to implement the assistance motor means then, during the continuation of its push-in stroke, manual opening control.

Il peut arriver, parfois, qu'un obstacle s'oppose à la fermeture complète de la porte ce qui est particulièrement gênant dans le cas où des moyens moteurs d'assistance interviennent, car ils peuvent induire des efforts important susceptibles d'entraîner des dommages sur l'obstacle gênant la fermeture. Un tel obstacle peut être constitué, involontairement, par un doigt, une main ou par des bagages.It can happen, sometimes, that an obstacle is opposed to the complete closing of the door which is particularly troublesome in the case where motor assistance means intervene, because they can induce significant forces likely to cause damage on the obstacle hindering the closing. Such an obstacle may be constituted, involuntarily, by a finger, a hand or by luggage.

Pour réduire au minimum les risques en cas de coincement d'un obstacle lors de la fermeture de la porte, la serrure comporte des moyens sensibles à l'effort de résistance à la fermeture propres à agir sur les moyens d'anti-blocage et/ou sur les moyens d'assistance pour arrêter le mouvement de fermeture assistée lorsque l'effort de résistance dépasse une valeur prédéterminée.To minimize the risks in the event of an obstacle jamming when the door is closed, the lock includes means sensitive to the closing resistance force capable of acting on the anti-blocking means and / or on the assistance means for stopping the assisted closing movement when the resistance force exceeds a predetermined value.

De préférence, les susdits moyens sensibles à l'effort de résistance sont prévus pour agir sur une plage limitée, au début de la fermeture.Preferably, the above means sensitive to the resistance force are provided to act over a limited range, at the start of the closure.

Avantageusement, les moyens sensibles à l'effort de résistance à la fermeture comprennent un pion de débrayage, sollicité élastiquement, propre à établir une liaison en rotation entre le pêne entraîné par les moyens d'assitance, et une pièce auxiliaire propre à transmettre les efforts entre le pêne et la gâche.Advantageously, the means sensitive to the closing resistance force comprise a declutching pin, elastically urged, capable of establishing a rotational connection between the bolt driven by the assistance means, and an auxiliary part capable of transmitting the forces. between the bolt and the strike.

De préférence, le pion de débrayage est orienté sensiblement radialement et est poussé, en direction du centre, par un ressort, ce pion comportant une tête tronconique tournée radialement vers l'intérieur propre à coopérer avec une encoche en V prévue sur la périphérie de la pièce auxiliaire, montée rotative coaxialement au pêne, le pion étant porté par le pêne et pouvant coulisser radialement.Preferably, the declutching pin is oriented substantially radially and is pushed, in the direction of the center, by a spring, this pin comprising a frustoconical head turned radially inward capable of cooperating with a V-shaped notch provided on the periphery of the auxiliary part, rotatably mounted coaxially with the bolt, the pin being carried by the bolt and being able to slide radially.

La pièce auxiliaire peut avoir la forme d'une couronne et comporte un bras s'étendant radialement vers l'extérieur propre à faire saillie dans une lumière du pêne destinée à recevoir la gâche, l'effort de fermeture étant transmis à la gâche par le susdit bras.The auxiliary part may have the shape of a neck ronne and comprises an arm extending radially outwards suitable for projecting into a slot in the bolt intended to receive the keeper, the closing force being transmitted to the keeper by the above-mentioned arm.

Le pêne comporte une protubérance située en arrière du bras de la couronne, selon le sens de rotation correspondant à la fermeture, un écart angulaire existant entre les faces en regard du bras et de la protubérance lorsque le pion de débrayage est engagé dans l'encoche de la pièce auxiliaire, cet écart angulaire disparaissant et la protubérance venant en butée contre le bras lorsque le pion de débrayage sont de l'encoche de la pièce auxiliaire.The bolt has a protuberance located behind the arm of the crown, in the direction of rotation corresponding to the closure, an angular difference existing between the facing faces of the arm and of the protuberance when the declutching pin is engaged in the notch of the auxiliary part, this angular difference disappearing and the protrusion coming into abutment against the arm when the declutching pin is of the notch of the auxiliary part.

Lorsque les moyens d'anti-blocage comprennent une plaque montée coulissante sensiblement suivant la direction radiale et immobilisée en rotation, cette plaque comporte, avantageusement, un rebord qui vient recouvrir la trajectoire de l'extrémité extérieure du pion de débrayage, l'ensemble étant tel que lorsque le pion sort de l'encoche de la pièce auxiliaire, son extrémité opposée repousse le rebord de la susdite plaque, laquelle est ainsi déplacée en translation et commande le déblocage de la roue libre.When the anti-blocking means comprise a plate mounted to slide substantially in the radial direction and immobilized in rotation, this plate advantageously includes a flange which covers the path of the external end of the declutching pin, the assembly being such that when the pin comes out of the notch of the auxiliary part, its opposite end pushes the rim of the said plate, which is thus moved in translation and controls the release of the freewheel.

Le rebord de la susdite plaque recouvre la trajectoire de l'extrémité du pion de débrayage sur une étendue angulaire limitée correspondant, par exemple, à une course d'environ 10 mm de la gâche, au début de la fermeture.The edge of the above-mentioned plate covers the path of the end of the declutching pin over a limited angular extent corresponding, for example, to a stroke of approximately 10 mm from the keeper, at the start of the closing.

Selon une autre possibilité, on prévoit un contact inverseur propre à être commandé par le déplacement radial de la susdite plaque ou du pion de débrayage, ce contact inverseur commandant l'inversion du sens de rotation des moyens moteurs d'assistance ; dans ce cas, il n'est pas indispensable de provoquer un déblocage de la roue libre pour faire cesser l'action de fermeture puisque la rotation du moteur d'assistance est inversée.According to another possibility, a reversing contact suitable for being controlled by the radial displacement of the aforesaid plate or of the declutching pin is provided, this reversing contact controlling the reversal of the direction of rotation of the assistance motor means; in this case, it is not essential to cause the freewheel to be released to stop the closing action since the rotation of the assistance motor is reversed.

Avantageusement, le seuil de déclenchement des moyens sensibles à l'effort de résistance à la fermeture correspond à une force de l'ordre de 10 daN au niveau de l'effort sur la gâche.Advantageously, the triggering threshold of the means sensitive to the closing resistance force corresponds to a force of the order of 10 daN at the level of the force on the keeper.

De préférence, le serrure est agencée de telle sorte que le déclenchement ou débrayage soit possible seulement sensiblement sur la première moitié de la course de fermeture.Preferably, the lock is arranged in such a way that triggering or disengaging is possible only substantially over the first half of the closing stroke.

L'invention consiste, mises à part les dispositions exposées ci-dessus, en un certain nombre d'autres dispositions dont il sera plus explicitement question ci-après à propos d'un mode de réalisation particulier décrit avec référence aux dessins ci-annexés, mais qui n'est nullement limitatif.

  • La figure 1, de ces dessins, est une vue suivant la ligne I-I, figure 2, avec parties arrachées, des principaux éléments d'une serrure conforme à l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une vue de gauche par rapport à la figure 1, avec parties arrachées ou retirées.
  • La figure 3 est une vue suivant la ligne III-III, figure 2, des principales pièces de la serrure, lorsque les moyens de commande manuelle sont actionnés pour provoquer l'ouverture manuelle, cette vue étant rabattue en sens inverse des flèches III.
  • La figure 4 est une vue simplifiée d'une serrure avec pion de débrayage en début de fermeture, lors de l'approche manuelle.
  • La figure 5 représente la serrure en position débrayée.
  • La figure 6 représente la serrure en fin de fermeture.
  • La figure 7, enfin, est un diagramme représentant les efforts mis en jeu lors de la fermeture de la serrure des figures 4 à 6, ces efforts étant portés en ordonnée, en fonction de la course relative gâ- che/pâne, portée en abscisse.
The invention consists, apart from the arrangements set out above, of a certain number of other arrangements which will be more explicitly discussed below in connection with a particular embodiment described with reference to the attached drawings, but which is in no way limiting.
  • Figure 1 of these drawings is a view along line II, Figure 2, with parts broken away, of the main elements of a lock according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a left view with respect to Figure 1, with parts broken away or removed.
  • Figure 3 is a view along line III-III, Figure 2, of the main parts of the lock, when the manual control means are actuated to cause manual opening, this view being folded in the opposite direction of the arrows III.
  • FIG. 4 is a simplified view of a lock with a disengaging pin at the start of closing, during manual approach.
  • Figure 5 shows the lock in the disengaged position.
  • Figure 6 shows the lock at the end of closing.
  • FIG. 7, finally, is a diagram representing the forces brought into play when the lock of FIGS. 4 to 6 is closed, these forces being plotted on the ordinate, as a function of the relative striker / dough stroke, plotted on the abscissa .

En se reportant à la figure 1 des dessins, on peut voir une serrure S comprenant un pêne rotatif 1 destiné à coopérer avec une gâche 2. La serrure S est destinée à un système de fermeture d'une porte de véhicule automobile. Il s'agit plus particulièrement, pour l'exemple de réalisation des dessins, d'une porte de coffre ou d'un hayon qui pivote autour d'un axe horizontal, orienté transversalement par rapport à la direction longitudinale moyenne du véhicule. La serrure S comprend un socle 3 destiné à être fixé sur l'ossature du véhicule, et immobile par rapport à cette ossature. La gâche 2 peut comprendre une tige cylindrique présentant une partie transversale, prévue sur la porte de coffre ou sur le hayon, et mobile avec ce dernier. Selon la représentation de la figure 1, la gâche 2 décrit donc un mouvement circulaire autour d'un axe situé sur la gauche de cette figure 1. Dans la partie correspondant à cette figure 1, la trajectoire de la gâche 2 est sensiblement tangente à une verticale, et le mouvement de la gâche 2 au voisinage de la serrure S est sensiblement un mouvement rectiligne vertical de haut en bas, lors de la fermeture, et de bas en haut lors de l'ouverture.Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, one can see a lock S comprising a rotary bolt 1 intended to cooperate with a strike 2. The lock S is intended for a system for closing a door of a motor vehicle. It is more particularly, for the embodiment of the drawings, a trunk door or a tailgate which pivots about a horizontal axis, oriented transversely to the average longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The lock S comprises a base 3 intended to be fixed to the frame of the vehicle, and stationary relative to this frame. The keeper 2 may include a cylindrical rod having a transverse part, provided on the trunk door or on the tailgate, and movable with the latter. According to the representation of FIG. 1, the keeper 2 therefore describes a circular movement around an axis located on the left of this figure 1. In the part corresponding to this figure 1, the trajectory of keeper 2 is substantially tangent to a vertical, and the movement of the keeper 2 in the vicinity of the lock S is substantially a vertical rectilinear movement from top to bottom, during closing, and from bottom to top during opening.

Le socle 3 peut former une sorte de boîtier comportant deux parois latérales parallèles 4 entre lesquelles est monté le pêne 1. Chaque paroi 4 comporte une échancrure 5 dont la direction moyenne est celle du mouvement de la gâche 2 au voisinage de la serrure S. Dans l'exemple de réalisation de la figure 1, la direction moyenne des échancrures 5 est verticale, ces échancrures étant ouvertes du côté de la gâche 2.The base 3 can form a sort of box comprising two parallel side walls 4 between which the bolt is mounted 1. Each wall 4 has a notch 5 whose average direction is that of the movement of the keeper 2 in the vicinity of the lock S. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the mean direction of the notches 5 is vertical, these notches being open on the side of the keeper 2.

Le pêne 1 est formé par une pièce plate dont le contour, visible sur la figure 1, présente deux bords allongés sensiblement parallèles. Le pêne 1 est monté rotatif autour d'un axe géométrique A située d'un côté de l'échancrure 5, du côté droit selon l'exemple de la figure 1. L'extrémité du pêne 1 destinée à coopérer avec la gâche 2 comporte une lumière 6, limitée par deux bords parallèles à la direction moyenne longitudinale du pêne 1, et débouchant sur le petit côté de ce pêne tourné vers la gâche 2. Dans la position d'ouverture de la serrure, la direction moyenne de cette lumière 6 est inclinée par rapport à la direction moyenne de l'échancrure 5, et l'ouverture de ladite lumière 6 est située dans l'ouverture de l'échancrure 5 de telle sorte que lorsque la gâche 2 entre dans l'échancrure 5, elle pénètre également dans ladite lumière 6.The bolt 1 is formed by a flat piece whose outline, visible in Figure 1, has two elongated edges which are substantially parallel. The bolt 1 is rotatably mounted around a geometric axis A located on one side of the notch 5, on the right side according to the example of Figure 1. The end of the bolt 1 intended to cooperate with the keeper 2 comprises a light 6, limited by two edges parallel to the longitudinal average direction of the bolt 1, and opening on the short side of this bolt facing the strike 2. In the open position of the lock, the average direction of this light 6 is inclined relative to the mean direction of the notch 5, and the opening of said lumen 6 is located in the opening of the notch 5 so that when the keeper 2 enters the notch 5, it penetrates also in said light 6.

L'extrémité 7 du pêne opposée à la lumière 6 peut avoir une forme arrondie, sensiblement en demi- cercle. Dans la zone de raccordement de cette extrémité 7 et d'un grand côté du pêne, une extension radiale 8, faisant saillie vers le bas dans l'exemple de réalisation de la figure 1, est prévu. L'extrémité extérieure de cette extension 8 est reliée à des moyens élastiques 9 de rappel du pêne en position d'ouverture. Ces moyens de rappel 9 sont avantageusement formés par un ressort de traction dont une extrémité 10 est accrochée au socle 3, tandis que l'autre extrémité 11 de ce ressort est accrochée à un trou 12 prévu vers l'extrémité radiale extérieure de l'extension 8.The end 7 of the bolt opposite the light 6 may have a rounded shape, substantially half circle. In the connection area of this end 7 and a long side of the bolt, a radial extension 8, projecting downward in the embodiment of Figure 1, is provided. The outer end of this extension 8 is connected to elastic means 9 for returning the bolt to the open position. These return means 9 are advantageously formed by a tension spring, one end 10 of which is attached to the base 3, while the other end 11 of this spring is attached to a hole 12 provided towards the outer radial end of the extension 8.

La lumière 6 détermine, dans le pêne 1, deux branches 13, 14 situées respectivement, selon la représentation de la figure 1, à droite et à gauche de la direction moyenne de la lumière 6. La branche 14 constitue, en quelque sorte, la branche inférieure la plus engagée dans le socle 3. Un contact 15, sensible au passage d'un aimant C porté par la branche 14, par exemple un contact "REED" est monté dans le socle 3. En position ouverte de la serrure, comme représenté sur la figure 1, t'aimant C se trouve au voisinage du contact 15 lequel occupe un premier état. Lors de la fermeture de la serrure, le pêne 1 tourne dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre, selon la figure 1, et l'extrémité de la branche 14 s'éloigne du contact 15 qui change d'état, par exemple qui passe de la position ouverture à la position fermée.The light 6 determines, in the bolt 1, two branches 13, 14 located respectively, according to the representation of FIG. 1, to the right and to the left of the mean direction of the light 6. The branch 14 constitutes, in a way, the lower branch most engaged in the base 3. A contact 15, sensitive to the passage of a magnet C carried by the branch 14, for example a "REED" contact is mounted in the base 3. In the open position of the lock, as shown in Figure 1, the magnet C is in the vicinity of the contact 15 which occupies a first state. When the lock is closed, the bolt 1 rotates anti-clockwise, according to FIG. 1, and the end of the branch 14 moves away from the contact 15 which changes state, for example which goes from the open position to the closed position.

Le contact 15 est propre à commander des moyens moteurs d'assistance 16, éventuellement par l'intermédiaire d'un relais. Ces moyens moteurs 16 sont reliés mécaniquement au pêne 1 par une chaîne cinématique, représentée schématiquement, pour assister au moins la fermeture de la serrure en entraînant le pêne 1 dans le sens souhaité, c'est-à-dire dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre. Lors de l'ouverture, les moyens moteurs 16 sont mis en marche en sens inverse, par exemple par l'action d'une clé ou l'action d'un bouton-poussoir, ce qui permet au pêne 1 sous l'action des moyens de rappel élastiques 9 de tourner dans le sens de l'ouverture, c'est-à-dire dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre selon la figure 1.The contact 15 is suitable for controlling assistance motor means 16, possibly via a relay. These drive means 16 are mechanically connected to the bolt 1 by a kinematic chain, shown diagrammatically, to assist at least the closing of the lock by driving the bolt 1 in the desired direction, that is to say in the opposite direction to the needles of a watch. When opening, the motor means 16 are started in the opposite direction, for example by the action of a key or the action of a push button, which allows the bolt 1 under the action of elastic return means 9 to rotate in the opening direction, that is to say in the clockwise direction according to FIG. 1.

La serrure S comprend un dispositif de transmission T du type roue libre propre à communiquer au pêne 1 un mouvement de rotation à partir des moyens d'assistance 16 pour le sens qui correspond à la fermeture de la serrure, c'est-à-dire pour le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre selon la figure 1, ainsi que des moyens d'anti-blocage L (figures -2 et 3) propres à être actionnés par des moyens de commande manuelle M en vue d'empêcher l'action normale de blocage de la roue libre 17 et de désaccoupler le pêne 1 des moyens d'assistance 16 en cas de panne de ces derniers.The lock S comprises a transmission device T of the freewheel type suitable for communicating to the bolt 1 a rotational movement from the assistance means 16 for the direction which corresponds to the closing of the lock, that is to say for the anticlockwise direction according to FIG. 1, as well as anti-blocking means L (FIGS. 2 and 3) suitable for being actuated by manual control means M in order to prevent the normal action for blocking the freewheel 17 and for uncoupling the bolt 1 from the assistance means 16 in the event of the latter failing.

Avantageusement, la roue libre 17 est montée dans un évidement 18 du pêne 1 concentriquement à l'axe de rotation A de ce pêne. La roue libre 17 comprend des crans 19 prévus sur la paroi interne de l'évidement 18 et deux cliquets 20, diamétralement opposés, montés sur un rotor 21 monté rotatif sur les parois 4 du socle 3, coaxialement au pêne 1. Chaque cliquet 20 est articulé, à une extrémité, sur le rotor 21, et est sollicité par des moyens de rappel élastiques 22, dans le sens radial extérieur, pour s'engager, par son autre extrémité, dans un cran 19. Le rotor 21 est calé sur un arbre 23 qui fait saillie hors du socle 3 (voir figure 2), et qui est solidaire en rotation d'un levier 24 dont les déplacements angulaires sont commandés par les moyens d'assistance 16.Advantageously, the freewheel 17 is mounted in a recess 18 of the bolt 1 concentrically with the axis of rotation A of this bolt. The freewheel 17 comprises notches 19 provided on the internal wall of the recess 18 and two pawls 20, diametrically opposite, mounted on a rotor 21 rotatably mounted on the walls 4 of the base 3, coaxially with the bolt 1. Each pawl 20 is articulated, at one end, on the rotor 21, and is urged by elastic return means 22, in the external radial direction, to engage, by its other end, in a notch 19. The rotor 21 is wedged on a shaft 23 which projects out from the base 3 (see FIG. 2), and which is integral in rotation with a lever 24 whose angular movements are controlled by the assistance means 16.

Les moyens d'anti-blocage L comprennent des moyens E pour effacer les cliquets 20. Les moyens E comprennent, pour chaque cliquet, une plaque 25 (figures 2 et 3) montée coulissante suivant la direction radiale. Chacune des deux plaques 25 diamétralement opposées a un contour sensiblement rectangulaire, comme visible sur la figure 3, le côté de cette plaque tourné vers l'arbre 23 présentant une échancrure 26 en arc de cercle. La zone 27 de la plaque 25 située radialement vers l'extérieur présente une plus forte épaisseur, comme visible sur la figure 2, de manière à faire saillie transversalement, du côté du pêne 1, d'une distance h par rapport au restant de la plaque.The anti-blocking means L comprise means E for erasing the pawls 20. The means E comprise, for each pawl, a plate 25 (Figures 2 and 3) slidably mounted in the radial direction. Each of the two diametrically opposite plates 25 has a substantially rectangular outline, as visible in FIG. 3, the side of this plate facing the shaft 23 having a notch 26 in an arc of a circle. The zone 27 of the plate 25 located radially outwards has a greater thickness, as visible in FIG. 2, so as to project transversely, on the side of the bolt 1, by a distance h with respect to the rest of the plate.

Chaque cliquet 20, comme visible sur la figure 2, comporte un prolongement transversal 28 formant ergot d'articulation dans un logement du socle 3, du côté du pêne 1 opposé à celui où se trouvent les plaques 25. La dimension du cliquet 20 suivant une direction parallèle à l'axe A est supérieure à l'épaisseur du pêne 1 de telle sorte que le cliquet 20 puisse faire saillie, comme représenté sur la figure 2, au-delà de la face du pêne 1 tournée vers les plaques 25.Each pawl 20, as visible in FIG. 2, has a transverse extension 28 forming a hinge pin in a housing of the base 3, on the side of the bolt 1 opposite to that where the plates are located. The dimension of the pawl 20 according to a direction parallel to the axis A is greater than the thickness of the bolt 1 so that the pawl 20 can protrude, as shown in FIG. 2, beyond the face of the bolt 1 facing the plates 25.

Un rebord 29 en arc de cercle est formé sur la face interne de chaque plaque 25 au niveau du raccordement avec la partie la plus épaisse 27. Ce rebord 29 est situé radialement à l'extérieur des cliquets 20. L'ensemble est agencé de telle sorte que le rebord 29 vienne coopérer avec la partie du cliquet 20 en saillie par rapport au pêne 20, lorsque la plaque associée 25 est déplacée radialement vers l'intérieur, de sorte que le cliquet 20 est repoussé vers l'axe A à l'encontre des moyens élastiques de rappel et est donc dégagé des crans 19.A rim 29 in an arc is formed on the internal face of each plate 25 at the connection with the thickest part 27. This rim 29 is located radially outside of the pawls 20. The assembly is arranged in such a way so that the flange 29 comes to cooperate with the part of the pawl 20 projecting relative to the bolt 20, when the associated plate 25 is moved radially inwards, so that the pawl 20 is pushed towards the axis A to the against elastic return means and is therefore released from the notches 19.

Le déplacement de chaque plaque 25 est assuré, à partir des moyens de commande manuelle M, à l'aide de moyens conjugués comportant pour chaque plaque 25, une lumière ou rampe 30 inclinée par rapport à la direction radiale et un pion 31 engagé dans cette lumière 30. De préférence, le pion 31 est solidaire d'une pièce 32, formant levier, montée rotative coaxialement au pêne 1. Deux pions 31 sont prévus diamétralement opposés pour coopérer respectivement avec la lumière 30 prévue dans chaque plaque 25. La rotation de la pièce 32 est obtenue par action sur les moyens de commande manuelle M qui exercent une poussée ou une traction à l'extrémité radiale 33 de cette pièce 32. Selon la représentation de la figure 3, la rotation de la pièce 32 dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre provoque, du fait de l'inclinaison choisie pour les lumières 30, un déplacement radial vers l'intérieur des deux plaques 25 et donc l'effacement des cliquets 20.The displacement of each plate 25 is ensured, from the manual control means M, using combined means comprising for each plate 25, a light or ramp 30 inclined relative to the radial direction and a pin 31 engaged in this light 30. Preferably, the pin 31 is integral with a part 32, forming a lever, rotatably mounted coaxially with the bolt 1. Two pins 31 are provided diametrically opposite to cooperate respectively with the light 30 provided in each plate 25. The rotation of the part 32 is obtained by action on the manual control means M which exert a push or a pull at the radial end 33 of this part 32. According to the representation in FIG. 3, the rotation of the part 32 in the direction of Clock hands cause, due to the inclination chosen for the lights 30, a radial displacement towards the inside of the two plates 25 and therefore the erasure of the pawls 20.

Les moyens moteurs d'assistance 16 peuvent être constitués par un moto-réducteur électrique non réversible dont l'arbre de sortie est lié en rotation à l'arbre 23 et au rotor 21. Le blocage du pêne 1, en position de fermeture, est obtenu par l'arrêt du moto-réducteur 16, l'engagement des cliquets 20 dans les crans 19 empêchant une rotation du pêne puisque l'arbre 23 est immobile.The assistance motor means 16 can be constituted by a non-reversible electric gear motor, the output shaft of which is linked in rotation to the shaft 23 and to the rotor 21. The locking of the bolt 1, in the closed position, is obtained by stopping the geared motor 16, the engagement of the pawls 20 in the notches 19 preventing rotation of the bolt since the shaft 23 is stationary.

Les moyens de commande manuelle M peuvent comprendre un bouton-poussoir 34, ou équivalent, propre à commander, au cours de son enfoncement, tout d'abord un interrupteur 35 destiné à mettre en oeuvre les moyens moteurs 16 dans le sens de rotation correspondant à l'ouverture, puis, lors de la poursuite de la course d'enfoncement du bouton 34, la commande manuelle de l'ouverture par action sur la pièce 32.The manual control means M can comprise a push button 34, or equivalent, suitable for controlling, during its depressing, first of all a switch 35 intended to implement the motor means 16 in the direction of rotation corresponding to the opening, then, during the continuation of the push-in stroke of the button 34, the manual control of the opening by action on the part 32.

Ceci étant, le fonctionnement d'une serrure conforme à l'invention est le suivant.That said, the operation of a lock according to the invention is as follows.

On considère tout d'abord le fonctionnement en manuel, en supposant que les moyens d'assistance 16 sont hors service. Dans ces conditions, l'arbre 23 ainsi que le rotor 21 de la roue libre 17 sont bloqués en rotation.We first consider manual operation, assuming that the assistance means 16 are out of service. Under these conditions, the shaft 23 as well as the rotor 21 of the freewheel 17 are locked in rotation.

La fermeture de la porte de coffre est obtenue de manière classique par claquement de cette porte dans le sens de la fermeture. La gâche 2, selon la représentation de la figure 1, se déplace de haut en bas pour entrer dans l'échancrure 5 et dans la lumière 6.The closing of the trunk door is obtained in a conventional manner by slamming this door in the closing direction. The keeper 2, as shown in FIG. 1, moves from top to bottom to enter the notch 5 and the light 6.

En venant coopérer avec le bord inférieur de la lumière 6, la gâche entraîne le pêne 1 en rotation dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre, ce qui est possible car, pour ce sens de rotation du pêne 1 par rapport au rotor 21 immobile, les cliquets 20 n'exercent pas un effet de blocage et s'effacent au passage des crans 19.Coming to cooperate with the lower edge of the light 6, the keeper causes the bolt 1 to rotate counterclockwise, which is possible because, for this direction of rotation of the bolt 1 relative to the rotor 21 stationary, the pawls 20 do not exert a blocking effect and disappear when the notches 19 pass.

Le mouvement se poursuit jusqu' la position de fermeture totale avec verrouillages successifs des cliquets 20 qui s'opposent à un mouvement de rotation en sens inverse, c'est-à-dire dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre, du pêne 1.The movement continues until the fully closed position with successive locks of the pawls 20 which oppose a rotation movement in the opposite direction, that is to say in the clockwise direction, of the bolt 1 .

Lorsque la position de fermeture totale est atteinte, le pêne 1 est bloqué dans cette position par les cliquets 20 du fait de l'immobilisation du rotor 21, par arrêt des moyens moteurs 16.When the fully closed position is reached, the bolt 1 is locked in this position by the pawls 20 due to the immobilization of the rotor 21, by stopping the motor means 16.

L'ouverture manuelle est obtenue en agissant sur les moyens manuels M et plus particulièrement sur la pièce formant levier 32 (figure 3) par l'intermédiaire du bouton-poussoir 34. Selon la représentation de la figure 3, l'action d'ouverture sur le bouton-poussoir 34, par enfoncement complet de ce bouton-poussoir, provoque la rotation du levier 32 dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre. La coopération des pions 31 et des lumières 30 provoque le déplacement des plaques 25 radialement vers l'intérieur, jusqu'à la position extrême représentée sur la figure 3. Les rebords 29 des plaques 25 (voir figure 2) viennent coopérer avec les cliquets 20 et déplacer ces cliquets vers l'intérieur, en les écartant des crans 19.Manual opening is obtained by acting on the manual means M and more particularly on the lever-forming part 32 (FIG. 3) by means of the push button 34. According to the representation in FIG. 3, the opening action on the push button 34, by fully depressing this push button, causes the lever 32 to rotate clockwise. The cooperation of the pins 31 and the slots 30 causes the displacement of the plates 25 radially inwards, to the extreme position shown in FIG. 3. The edges 29 of the plates 25 (see FIG. 2) cooperate with the pawls 20 and move these pawls inwards, away from the notches 19.

Le pêne 1 se trouve alors libéré en rotation et se met à tourner dans le sens de l'ouverture, (sens des aiguilles d'une montre selon les dessins), sous l'action du ressort de rappel 9. La gâche 2 est libérée et la porte peut être ouverte.The bolt 1 is then released in rotation and begins to rotate in the opening direction (clockwise according to the drawings), under the action of the return spring 9. The keeper 2 is released and the door can be opened.

On considère maintenant la fermeture et l'ouverture de la serrure dans le cas où. les moyens moteurs d'assistance 16 sont en état de fonctionner.We now consider closing and opening the lock in case. the assist motor means 16 are in working order.

Pour la fermeture de la porte, la gâche 2 effectue toujours le mouvement vertical de haut en bas selon la figure 1, du fait de l'action manuelle de l'utilisateur sur la porte.For closing the door, the keeper 2 always performs the vertical movement from top to bottom according to FIG. 1, due to the manual action of the user on the door.

L'entrée de la gâche 2 dans la lumière 6 provoque le début du mouvement de rotation du pêne 1 dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre.The entry of the keeper 2 in the light 6 causes the beginning of the rotation movement of the bolt 1 in the counterclockwise direction.

Le contact 15, du fait de l'éloignement de la branche 14, change d'état et commande la mise en marche du moto-réducteur 16 qui entraine le levier 24 dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre selon la figure 1. L'arbre 23 et le rotor 21 sont entraînés dans le même sens qui correspond au blocage des cliquets 20 dans les crans 19 et donc au blocage de la roue libre 17 qui transmet le mouvement de rotation au pêne 1.The contact 15, due to the remoteness of the branch 14, changes state and controls the starting of the geared motor 16 which drives the lever 24 anticlockwise according to FIG. 1. The shaft 23 and the rotor 21 are driven in the same direction which corresponds to the locking of the pawls 20 in the notches 19 and therefore to the locking of the freewheel 17 which transmits the rotational movement to the bolt 1.

Le mouvement de fermeture se poursuit automatiquement jusqu'à ce que le pêne 1 atteigne la position de fermeture totale pour laquelle un contact de fin de course (non montré) commande l'arrêt du moto-réducteur 16.The closing movement continues automatically until the bolt 1 reaches the fully closed position for which an end of stroke contact (not shown) controls the stopping of the gear motor 16.

Pour l'ouverture de la porte, une information de rotation en sens inverse est envoyée au moto-réducteur 16. Cette information peut être obtenue, comme expliqué précédemment, par la fermeture d'un contact 35 obtenue en début de course du bouton-poussoir 34. En variante, cette information pourrait être fournie par l'action d'une clé dans la serrure.For the opening of the door, information of rotation in the opposite direction is sent to the geared motor 16. This information can be obtained, as explained previously, by the closing of a contact 35 obtained at the start of the travel of the push button. 34. Alternatively, this information could be provided by the action of a key in the lock.

Du fait de cette rotation en sens inverse du moto-réducteur 16, le rotor 21 va tourner dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre selon la figure 1, les cliquets 20 s'effaçant au passage de chaque cran 19.

  • Le pêne 1 va donc pouvoir effectuer, sous l'action du ressort de rappel , un mouvement de rotation dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre, à une vitesse au plus égale à celle du rotor 21.
  • La gâche 2 sera libérée lorsque la rotation aura atteint une amplitude suffisante.
Due to this rotation in the opposite direction of the geared motor 16, the rotor 21 will turn clockwise according to FIG. 1, the pawls 20 disappearing as each notch 19 passes.
  • The bolt 1 will therefore be able to perform, under the action of the return spring, a rotation movement in the clockwise direction, at a speed at most equal to that of the rotor 21.
  • The keeper 2 will be released when the rotation has reached a sufficient amplitude.

En se reportant aux figures 4 à 6 des dessins, on peut voir une variante de réalisation permettant un débrayage en cas d'obstacle gênant la fermeture. Les éléments identiques ou jouant des rôles analogues à des éléments déjà décrits précédemment, sont désignés par les mêmes références numériques, éventuellement suivis de la lettre a, leur description pouvant ne pas être reprise.Referring to Figures 4 to 6 of the drawings, one can see an alternative embodiment allowing disengagement in the event of an obstacle hindering the closing. Identical elements or playing roles analogous to elements already described above, are designated by the same reference numerals, possibly followed by the letter a, their description not being able to be repeated.

Le pêne 1a et la gâche 2 sont montés respectivement, sur chacune des parties destinées à être bloquées l'une par rapport à l'autre lorsque la serrure est fermée. Par exemple, dans le cas d'une porte de véhicule automobile, la gâche est généralement montée sur une partie fixe de l'entourage de porte, tandis que le pêne est monté sur la tranche de la portière ; un montage inverse serait possible. De toute façon, lors de l'ouverture ou de la fermeture, la gâche 2 effectue, par rapport à l'axe A de rotation du pêne, un mouvement relatif qui peut être assimité à un mouvement de translation suivant une direction D sensiblement orthogonalement à l'axe A.The bolt 1a and the keeper 2 are mounted respectively on each of the parts intended to be locked relative to each other when the lock is closed. For example, in the case of a motor vehicle door, the keeper is generally mounted on a fixed part of the door frame, while the bolt is mounted on the edge of the door; reverse mounting would be possible. Anyway, during the opening or closing, the keeper 2 performs, relative to the axis A of the bolt rotation, a relative movement which can be compared to a translational movement in a direction D substantially orthogonally to axis A.

Selon la représentation des figures 4 à 6, lors de la fermeture, la gâche 2 se déplace de bas en haut par rapport à l'axe A et le pêne 1 a tourne dans le sens d'horloge pour la fermeture. Un mouvement inverse se produit lors de l'ouverture.According to the representation of Figures 4 to 6, when closing, the keeper 2 moves from bottom to top relative to the axis A and the bolt 1 has rotated in the clockwise direction for closing. A reverse movement occurs during opening.

Le pêne comporte, sur une de ses faces planes latérales, un bossage 36 situé en arrière de la lumière 6a selon le sens de rotation correspondant à la fermeture. Dans l'exemple considéré, le sens de rotation étant le sens d'horloge et la lumière 6a étant dirigée vers le bas, le bossage 36, situé sur la face du pêne visible sur la figure 4, se trouve à la partie inférieure du pêne. La face avant 37 de ce bossage 36 est plane et sensiblement parallèle à la direction du rayon passant le milieu de la lumière 6a. Cette lumière détermine dans le pêne 1 a deux branches 13a, 14_a.The bolt comprises, on one of its lateral flat faces, a boss 36 located behind the slot 6a according to the direction of rotation corresponding to the closure. In the example considered, the direction of rotation being the clock direction and the light 6a being directed downwards, the boss 36, located on the face of the bolt visible in FIG. 4, is located at the bottom of the bolt . The front face 37 of this boss 36 is flat and substantially parallel to the direction of the ray passing through the middle of the lumen 6a. This light determines in the bolt 1 has two branches 13a, 14_a.

Le pêne 1a comporte, dans une zone périphérique située sensiblement à l'opposé de la lumière 6a, une extension radiale 38 munie d'un logement radial 39 dans lequel est monté un pion de débrayage 40. Ce pion est sollicité élastiquement, par un ressort de compression 41, radialement vers l'intérieur. Le ressort 41 prend appui, à son extrémité située radialement vers l'extérieur, contre un épaulement transversal du logement 39 et, à son extrémité opposée, contre un épaulement transversal déterminé par une zone cylindrique 42 de plus fort diamètre du pion 40. Cette zone 42 est prolongée radialement vers l'intétieur par une tête tronconique 43.The bolt 1a comprises, in a peripheral zone situated substantially opposite the lumen 6a, a radial extension 38 provided with a radial housing 39 in which a disengaging pin 40 is mounted. This pin is resiliently stressed by a spring compression 41, radially inward. The spring 41 bears, at its end located radially outward, against a transverse shoulder of the housing 39 and, at its opposite end, against a transverse shoulder determined by a cylindrical zone 42 of larger diameter of the pin 40. This zone 42 is extended radially inwards by a frustoconical head 43.

Une pièce auxiliaire 44 montée rotative également autour de l'axe A est liée en rotation au pêne 1a par l'intermédiaire du pion 40. Cette pièce 44 a la forme d'une couronne concentrique au pêne, et porte, sur sa périphérie une encoche 45, en forme de V, s'ouvrant vers l'extérieur et propre à recevoir la tête 43 lorsque l'axe du pion 40 se trouve dans le plan bissecteur de l'encoche 45.An auxiliary part 44 also rotatably mounted about the axis A is linked in rotation to the bolt 1a by means of the pin 40. This part 44 has the shape of a crown concentric with the bolt, and carries, on its periphery a notch 45, V-shaped, opening outwards and suitable for receiving the head 43 when the axis of the pin 40 is in the bisector plane of the notch 45.

La pièce 44 comporte, sensiblement à l'opposé de l'encoche 45, un bras 46 faisant saillie radialement vers l'extérieur et propre à se trouver dans la lumière 6a lorsque la tête 43 est engagée dans l'encoche 45. Le bord 47, de ce bras 46, situé vers l'avant selon le sens de fermeture de la serrure, se trouve en avant du bord arrière de la lumière 6a ; lorsque le pêne la est entraîné en rotation dans le sens d'horloge, la tête 43 se trouvant dans l'encoche 45, c'est le bord 47 du bras 46 qui vient en contact avec la gâche 2.The part 44 comprises, substantially opposite the notch 45, an arm 46 projecting radially outward and suitable for being in the lumen 6a when the head 43 is engaged in the notch 45. The edge 47 , of this arm 46, located forwardly in the direction of closure of the lock, is located in front of the rear edge of the slot 6a; when the bolt 1a is rotated in the clockwise direction, the head 43 being in the notch 45, it is the edge 47 of the arm 46 which comes into contact with the keeper 2.

Le bord arrière 48 du bras 46 est écarté d'une distance angulaire de la face avant 37 du bossage 36 lorsque la tête 43 se trouve dans l'encoche 45. Si la pièce 44 vient à tourner par rapport au pêne 1a, dans le sens contraire d'horloge, le bord arrière 48 vient en butée contre la face 37 (voir figure 5).The rear edge 48 of the arm 46 is spaced an angular distance from the front face 37 of the boss 36 when the head 43 is in the notch 45. If the part 44 comes to rotate relative to the bolt 1a, in the direction contrary to clock, the rear edge 48 abuts against the face 37 (see FIG. 5).

La roue libre 17a est montée dans un évidement 1 8a du pêne 1 a, concentriquement à l'axe de rotation A. La roue libre 17a comprend des crans 19a prévus sur la paroi interne de l'évidement 18a, et au moins un cliquet 20 monté sur un rotor 21 propre à être entraîné en rotation, par les moyens 16, coaxialement au pêne 1a. Le ou chaque cliquet 20 est articulé, à une extrémité, sur le rotor 21 et est sollicité par des moyens de rappel élastiques 22, schématiquement représentés, dans le sens radial extérieur pour s'engager, par son autre extrémité, dans un cran 19.The freewheel 17a is mounted in a recess 18a of the bolt 1a, concentrically with the axis of rotation A. The freewheel 17a comprises notches 19a provided on the internal wall of the recess 18a, and at least one pawl 20 mounted on a rotor 21 suitable for being driven in rotation, by the means 16, coaxially with the bolt 1a. The or each pawl 20 is articulated, at one end, on the rotor 21 and is urged by elastic return means 22, schematically represented, in the external radial direction to engage, by its other end, in a notch 19.

Ces moyens E comprennent une plaque 25a montée coulissante suivant la direction radiale, mais bloquée en rotation. La plaque 25a comporte un rebord 49 s'étendant suivant un arc de cercle centré sur l'axe A et situé au voisinage de la limite périphérique extérieure de l'extension 38. A l'opposé, la plaque 25a comporte un autre rebord 29a, en arc de cercle, propre à coopérer, lors d'un déplacement radial de la plaque 25a, avec une partie en saillie latérale du cliquet 20, du côté opposé à la couronne 44.These means E comprise a plate 25a mounted to slide in the radial direction, but locked in rotation. The plate 25a has a flange 49 extending along an arc centered on the axis A and located near the outer peripheral limit of the extension 38. In contrast, the plate 25a has another flange 29a, in an arc, capable of cooperating, during a radial displacement of the plate 25a, with a side projecting part of the pawl 20, on the side opposite to the crown 44.

Le déplacement de la plaque 25a pour dégager le cliquet 20 des crans 19 doit se faire vers le haut selon la représentation des figures 4 à 6. Ce déplacement peut être assuré à partir des moyens de commande manuelle M.The movement of the plate 25a to disengage the pawl 20 from the notches 19 must be made upwards according to the representation of FIGS. 4 to 6. This movement can be ensured from the manual control means M.

Ce déplacement peut également être assuré par l'extrémité arrondie 50 du pion 40, opposée à la tête 43, lorsque cette tête sort de l'encoche 45. Le logement 39 débouche, radialement vers l'extérieur, par une ouverture 51 propre à laisser passer l'extrémité 50, tandis que la longueur H du pion 40 est prévue pour que ce pion ne fasse pas saillie par son extrémité 50 au-delà du bord radial extérieur de l'extension 38, lorsque la tête 43 est logée dans l'évidement 45. Par contre, lorsque la tête 43 est sortie de cet évidement et appuie contre la périphérie extérieure de la couronne 44 (figure 5), l'extrémité 50 fait saillie au-delà du bord de l'extension 38 et, en coopérant avec le rebord 49, repousse la plaque 25a et dégage le cliquet 20 des crans 19 du pêne.This movement can also be ensured by the rounded end 50 of the pin 40, opposite the head 43, when this head comes out of the notch 45. The housing 39 opens, radially outward, through an opening 51 suitable for leaving pass the end 50, while the length H of the pin 40 is provided so that this pin does not protrude by its end 50 beyond the outer radial edge of the extension 38, when the head 43 is housed in the recess 45. By cons, when the head 43 is out of this recess and presses against the outer periphery of the crown 44 (Figure 5), the end 50 protrudes beyond the edge of the extension 38 and, cooperating with the rim 49, pushes back the plate 25a and releases the pawl 20 from the notches 19 of the bolt.

L'étendue angulaire du rebord 49 est telle que l'extrémité 50 du pion 40 peut coopérer avec ce rebord 49 pour le début de la course de fermeture de la serrure. Sur la figure 4, on a désigné par 52 la plage des positions relatives du centre de la gâche 2 pour lesquelles un débrayage est possible c'est-à-dire pour lesquelles l'extrémité 50 peut agir contre le rebord 49. Pour la plage 53, qui correspond à la fin de la fermeture, située au-delà de la plage 52, le pion 40 se trouve au-delà du rebord 49, de sorte que l'extrémité 50 ne peut repousser le rebord 49, comme visible sur la figure 6.The angular extent of the flange 49 is such that the end 50 of the pin 40 can cooperate with this flange 49 for the start of the closing stroke of the lock. In FIG. 4, 52 denotes the range of the relative positions of the center of the keeper 2 for which a disengagement is possible, that is to say for which the end 50 can act against the flange 49. For the range 53, which corresponds to the end of the closure, located beyond the range 52, the pin 40 is located beyond the flange 49, so that the end 50 cannot push back the flange 49, as visible on the figure 6.

La plage 54 des positions relatives du centre de la gâche 2, représentée sur la figure 4, correspond à l'approche manuelle et à l'entrée de la gâche 2 dans la lumière 6a du pêne.The range 54 of the relative positions of the center of the keeper 2, represented in FIG. 4, corresponds to the manual approach and to the entry of the keeper 2 into the lumen 6a of the bolt.

On prévoit avantageusement un contact inverseur 55 propre à être commandé par la sortie du pion 40 de l'évidement 43, dans la plage 52 de débrayage. Ce contact 55 peut être disposé de manière à être commandé par le déplacement de la plaque 25a ; par exemple le contact 55 comporte un poussoir situé en regard de la face externe du rebord 49, le poussoir du contact 55 étant enfoncé lorsque la plaque 25a est déplacée vers le haut. Le contact 55 est combiné avec une logique de contrôle de manière à commander l'inversion du sens de rotation des moyens moteurs d'assistance 16 et donc l'inversion du sens de rotation du rotor 21.Advantageously, there is provided a reversing contact 55 suitable for being controlled by the output of the pin 40 from the recess 43, in the disengaging range 52. This contact 55 can be arranged so as to be controlled by the movement of the plate 25a; for example, the contact 55 comprises a pusher located opposite the external face of the flange 49, the pusher of the contact 55 being pressed when the plate 25a is moved upwards. The contact 55 is combined with a control logic so as to control the reversal of the direction of rotation of the assistance motor means 16 and therefore the reversal of the direction of rotation of the rotor 21.

Lorsque l'inversion du sens de rotation est commandée, le rotor 21 se met à tourner dans le sens contraire d'horloge et le cliquet 20 s'efface au passage des crans 19, en laissant le pêne 1a libre de tourner dans le sens contraire d'horloge.When the reversal of the direction of rotation is commanded, the rotor 21 starts to turn in the counterclockwise direction and the pawl 20 disappears when the notches 19 pass, leaving the bolt 1a free to turn in the opposite direction clock.

Des moyens de contact (non représentés) sensibles à la position du pêne, sont prévus pour mettre en service les moyens d'assistance 16 lorsque, après une approche manuelle, le pêne la a tourné, dans le sens de la fermeture, d'un angle relativement faible précéterminé.Contact means (not shown) sensitive to the position of the bolt, are provided to activate the assistance means 16 when, after a manual approach, the bolt has turned, in the closing direction, by a relative angle ment weak pre-determined.

Ceci étant, le fonctionnement de la serrure de la figure 4 est le suivant.That said, the operation of the lock of Figure 4 is as follows.

On considère l'opération de fermeture, le pêne la étant initialement en position d'ouverture.We consider the closing operation, the bolt initially being in the open position.

La porte à fermer est approcher manuellement de sa position de fermeture et la gâche 2 entre dans l'espace limité par le bord avant de la lumière 6a et le bord avant 47 du bras 46.The door to be closed is approached manually from its closed position and the keeper 2 enters the space limited by the front edge of the light 6a and the front edge 47 of the arm 46.

L'approche manuelle correspondant à la plage 54 provoque, par coopération de la gâche 2 et du bord avant de la lumière 6a, la rotation du pêne 1 a dans le sens d'horloge, la couronne 44 restant liée au pêne par la tête 43 engagée dans l'encoche 45. Au cours de cette phase d'approche, aucun couple de rotation notable n'est à transmettre du pêne 1 a à la couronne 4, de sortie qu'il n'y aucune raison pour que la tête 44 sorte de l'encoche 45.The manual approach corresponding to the range 54 causes, by cooperation of the keeper 2 and the front edge of the light 6a, the rotation of the bolt 1 a in the clockwise direction, the crown 44 remaining linked to the bolt by the head 43 engaged in the notch 45. During this approach phase, no significant torque is to be transmitted from the bolt 1 a to the crown 4, from the output that there is no reason for the head 44 sort of notch 45.

A la fin de la plage 54, la rotation du pêne la est suffisante pour commander un contact de mise en marche du moteur d'assistance 16 de sorte que le rotor 21 va être entraîné en rotation dans le sens d'horloge, et transmettre ce mouvement au pêne la par la coopération du cliquet 20 et des crans 19 prévus sur le pêne.At the end of range 54, the rotation of the bolt 1a is sufficient to control a starting contact for the assistance motor 16 so that the rotor 21 will be driven in rotation in the clockwise direction, and transmit this movement with the bolt by the cooperation of the pawl 20 and notches 19 provided on the bolt.

De ce fait, le bord avant de la lumière 6a quitte le contact de la gâche 2 qui vient en contact avec le bord avant 47 du bras 46.Therefore, the front edge of the light 6a leaves the contact of the keeper 2 which comes into contact with the front edge 47 of the arm 46.

Un couple de rotation est donc transmis du rotor 21 au pêne 1a par le cliquet 20, qui s'arc-boute, et du pêne 1 a à la pièce auxiliaire 44 par l'intermédiaire du pion de débrayage 40 dont la tête 43 est engagée dans l'évidement 45. Un effort de fermeture est transmis par le bras 46 à la gâche 42 à son contact.A torque is therefore transmitted from the rotor 21 to the bolt 1a by the pawl 20, which is arched, and from the bolt 1 a to the auxiliary part 44 by means of the declutching pin 40 whose head 43 is engaged in the recess 45. A closing force is transmitted by the arm 46 to the keeper 42 in contact with it.

Si, dans la plage 52, une résistance à la fermeture supérieure à celle autorisée par le pion de débrayage 40 et son ressort 41 se manifeste, la tête 43 sont du logement 45 sus l'effet de rampe des surfaces inclinées de l'encoche, en comprimant le ressort 41. Il y a débrayage entre le pêne 1a et la couronne 44. La couronne 44 et le bras 46 cessent de tourner dans le sens d'horloge. Le déplacement du pion 40 se produisant dans la plage angulaire où le rebord 49 recouvre l'extrémité 50, cette extrémité va repousser le rebord 49 vers l'extérieur et déplacer la plaque 25a qui va soulever le cliquet 20. L'extrémité de ce cliquet 20 ne coopère plus avec les crans 19 et le pêne 1a n'est plus soumis à un couple de rotation provenant du rotor 21.If, in range 52, a closing resistance greater than that authorized by the declutching pin 40 and its spring 41 is manifested, the head 43 is of the housing 45 on the ramp effect of the inclined surfaces of the notch, by compressing the spring 41. There is a disengagement between the bolt 1a and the crown 44. The crown 44 and the arm 46 cease to rotate in the clockwise direction. The displacement of the pin 40 occurring in the angular range where the flange 49 covers the end 50, this end will push the flange 49 outwards and move the plate 25a which will lift the pawl 20. The end of this pawl 20 no longer cooperates with the notches 19 and the bolt 1a is no longer subjected to a torque from the rotor 21.

Si un contact inverseur 55 est prévu, le rotor 21 se met à tourner en sens inverse, ce qui supprime également tout couple de rotation dans le sens d'horloge sur le pêne 1a. Dans cette hypothèse, il n'est pas nécessaire de soulever le cliquet 20 et le rebord inférieur 29a de la plaque 25a peut être supprimé. Cette solution présente comme avantage d'éviter un matage de l'extrémité du cliquet 20 qui coopère avec les dents 19, ainsi qu'un matage de l'extrémité de ces dents. En effet, lorsque la plaque 25a est déplacée pour soulever le cliquet 20, un effort relativement important est développé entre ce cliquet 20 et le pêne la puisqu'une résistance à la fermeture se manifeste. L'inversion du sens de rotation évite des frottements et des chocs relativement importants.If a change-over contact 55 is provided, the rotor 21 starts to rotate in the opposite direction, which also eliminates any torque in the clockwise direction on the bolt 1a. In this case, it is not necessary to lift the pawl 20 and the lower flange 29a of the plate 25a can be eliminated. This solution has the advantage of avoiding a matting of the end of the pawl 20 which cooperates with the teeth 19, as well as a matting of the end of these teeth. Indeed, when the plate 25a is moved to raise the pawl 20, a relatively large force is developed between this pawl 20 and the latch since resistance to closing manifests. Reversing the direction of rotation avoids relatively high friction and shocks.

De toute façon, en cas de coincement d'un doigt ou d'un bagage, lors de la fermeture, la serrure conforme à la figure 4 permet d'obtenir un débrayage faisant cesser l'action des moyens moteurs d'assistance, ce qui évite des dommages difficilement réparables.In any case, in the event of a finger or baggage jamming, during closing, the lock in accordance with FIG. 4 makes it possible to obtain a disengagement making the action of the assistance motor means cease, which avoids damage that is difficult to repair.

Si aucun obstacle ne se manifeste dans la première partie de la course de la course de fermeture, le pion 40 franchit la plage angulaire correspondant au rebord 49.If no obstacle appears in the first part of the stroke of the closing stroke, the pin 40 crosses the angular range corresponding to the flange 49.

En fin de fermeture, les efforts développés, notamment en raison de la réaction des joints, sont supérieurs au seuil de déclenchement du pion de débrayage 40 et de son ressort 41 de sorte que la tête 43 va sortir de l'évidement 45. Toutefois, l'extrémité 50 ne pouvant plus agir sur le rebord 49, l'assistance se poursuit et le pêne 1a continue à être entraîné en rotation par le cliquet 20, alors que le bras 46 et la gâche 2 sont arrêtés.At the end of closing, the forces developed, in particular due to the reaction of the seals, are greater than the triggering threshold of the declutching pin 40 and its spring 41 so that the head 43 will come out of the recess 45. However, the end 50 can no longer act on the flange 49, assistance continues and the bolt 1a continues to be driven in rotation by the pawl 20, while the arm 46 and the keeper 2 are stopped.

Dans ces conditions, l'écart (figure 4) entre le bord arrière 48 du bras 46 et la face 37 du bossage 36 disparaît et ladite face 37 vient en appui contre le bord 48 (voir figures 5 et 6).Under these conditions, the gap (FIG. 4) between the rear edge 48 of the arm 46 and the face 37 of the boss 36 disappears and said face 37 comes to bear against the edge 48 (see FIGS. 5 and 6).

Le couple de rotation est alors transmis du pêne 1a au bras 46 par ledit bossage 36. Une force de fermeture est donc transmise par ce bras 46 à la gâche 2.The torque is then transmitted from the bolt 1a to the arm 46 by said boss 36. A closing force is therefore transmitted by this arm 46 to the keeper 2.

L'ensemble est de préférence agencé, notamment en ce qui concerne la force du ressort 41 et l'inclinaison des faces 45, de manière que le débrayage se produise pour un effort, au niveau de la gâche 2, d'environ 10 daN, alors que l'effort de fermeture, en fin de fermeture, est de l'ordre de 50 daN.The assembly is preferably arranged, in particular as regards the force of the spring 41 and the inclination of the faces 45, so that the disengagement occurs for a force, at the level of the keeper 2, of approximately 10 daN, while the closing force, at the end of closing, is of the order of 50 daN.

La plage 52 de débrayage correspond sensiblement à la première moitié de la course de fermeture, tandis que la plage 53 correspond à la deuxième moitié.The declutching range 52 corresponds substantially to the first half of the closing stroke, while the range 53 corresponds to the second half.

Au niveau de la gâche 2, pour une course complète de fermeture d'environ 25 mm, l'approche manuelle (plage 54) correspond par exemple à 5 mm, tandis que la plage 52 correspond à 10 mm et la plage 53 également à 10 mm.At strike 2, for a full closing stroke of approximately 25 mm, the manual approach (range 54) corresponds for example to 5 mm, while range 52 corresponds to 10 mm and range 53 also to 10 mm.

Le diagramme des efforts exprimés en daN, et portés en ordonnée, en fonction de la course de la gâche exprimée en mm et portée en abscisse, est donné sur la figure 7.The diagram of the forces expressed in daN, and carried on the ordinate, as a function of the strike of the strike expressed in mm and carried on the abscissa, is given in FIG. 7.

Une serrure conforme à l'invention est d'une réalisation simple et robuste, sous un faible encombrement du fait du logement de la roue libre dans le pêne. Il est clair que d'autres types de roue libre que celle décrite dans l'exemple de réalisation particulier peuvent convenir.A lock according to the invention is of a simple and robust embodiment, in a small space due to the housing of the freewheel in the bolt. It is clear that other types of freewheel than that described in the particular embodiment may be suitable.

Une telle serrure est applicable à tout système de fermeture d'une porte de véhicule automobile, portes latérales, porte de coffre, hayon. On peut assurer, d'une manière simple et peu encombrante, une protection en cas d'obstacle lors de la fermeture.Such a lock is applicable to any system for closing a motor vehicle door, side doors, trunk door, tailgate. Protection in the event of an obstacle during closing can be provided in a simple and space-saving manner.

Claims (18)

1. Lock comprising a rotary bolt intended to interact with a keeper, in particular for a system for closing a motor vehicle door such as a luggage-compartment door, a side door or a bonnet, comprising drive means capable of assisting at least the closing, and manual-control means enabling the opening and closing to be ensured in the event of the failure of the assisting drive means, a transmission device (T) capable of imparting a rotational movement to the bolt (1) by way of the assisting means (16) for the direction which corresponds to the closing of the lock (S), as well as anti-locking means (L) capable of being actuated by the manual-control means (M) with a view to preventing the normal locking action of the transmission device (T) and to decouple the bolt from the assisting means (16) in the event of the failure of the latter, characterized in that the transmission device (T) is fo the free-wheel type (17) and is mounted in a recess (18) of the bolt, concentric with the axis of rotation of this bolt.
2. Lock according to Claim 1, characterized in that the device (T) of the free-wheel type (17) comprises teeth (19) provided on the inner wall of the recess (18), and at least one pawl (20) mounted on a rotor (21) and capable of interacting with the teeth (19), this pawl (20) being stressed elastically in the radial outward direction in order to engage in a tooth (19), the rotor being keyed on a shaft (23) intended to be driven by the drive means (16).
3. Lock according to Claim 2, characterized in that the anti-locking means (L) comprise means (E) for retracting the pawl or pawls (20).
4. Locking according to Claim 3, characterized in that the means (E) for retracting the pawl or pawls (20) comprise a plate (25) mounted so as to slide in the radial direction, the displacement of this plate (25) being ensured by the manual-control means (M), the plate (25) being able to interact with at least one associated pawl (20) in order to move it away from the inner surface of the recess (18) of the bolt when the said plate (25) is displaced radially inwards.
5. Lock according to Claim 4, characterized in that mating means comprising, on the one hand, an inclined slot (30) and, on the other hand, a pin (31) engaged in this slot are provided in order to ensure the radial displacement of the plate (25).
6. Lock according to Claim 5, characterized in that the pin (31) is integral with a piece (32) which is mounted so as to rotate with a piece (32) which is mounted so as to rotate coaxially with the bolt (1) and the rotation of which is obtained by acting on the manual-control means (M), while the inclined slot (30) in which the pin (31) is engaged is provided in the plate (25), the unit being such that the rotation of the piece (32) in an appropriate direction causes the radial inward displacement of the plate (25) and frees the associated pawl (20) from the tooth (19) of the inner recess.
7. Lock according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the assisting drive means (16) comprise a non-reversible electric geared motor, the rotor (21) of the transmission device (T) of the free-wheel type being connected in rotation with the output shaft of this geared motor.
8. Lock according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the manual-control means (M) comprise a push button (34) capable of controlling, when it is pushed in, firstly a switch (35) intended to start up the assisting drive means (16) and then, when it is pushed in further, the manual control of the opening.
9. Lock according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes means (40, 41) sensitive to the force resisting the closing and capable of acting on the anti-locking means (L) and/or on the assisting (16) in order to halt the power-assisted closing movement when the resisting force exceeds a predetermined value.
10. Lock according to Claim 9, characterized in that the abovementioned means sensitive to the resisting force are provided in order to act over a limited range (52) at the beginning of the closing.
11. Lock according to Claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the means sensitive to the resisting force comprise a disconnecting pin (40) stressed elastically and capable of establishing a rotational link between the bolt (1 a) driven by the assisting means (16, 21) and an auxiliary piece (44) capable of transmitting the force between the bolt (1 a) and the keeper (2).
12. Lock according to Claim 11, characterized in that the disconnecting pin (40) is oriented substantially radially and is pushed towards the centre by a spring (41), this pin having a frustoconical head (43) turned radially inward and capable of interacting with a V-shaped notch (45) provided on the periphery of the auxiliary piece (44) which is mounted so as to rotate coaxially with the bolt (1a), the pin (40) being carried by the bolt (1a) and being capable of sliding radially.
13. Lock according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the auxiliary piece has the shape of a ring (44) and has an arm (46) extending radially outwards and capable of projecting into a slot (6a) of the bolt (1a) intended to receive the keeper (2), the closing force being transmitted to the keeper (2) by the abovementioned arm (46).
14. Lock according to one of Claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the bolt (1a) has a protuberance (36) situated behind the arm (46) of the ring, in the direction of rotation corresponding to the closing, an angular spacing (j) existing between the opposed faces (40, 37) of the arm and of the protuberance when the disconnecting pin (40) is engaged in the notch (45) of the auxiliary piece, this angular spacing vanishing and the protuberance (36) coming into abutment with the arm (46) when the disconnecting pin (40) leaves the notch (45) of the auxiliary piece.
15. Lock according to any one of Claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the anti-locking means (L) comprise a plate (25a) mounted so as to slide substantially in the radial direction and fixed in rotation, this plate (25a) having a rim (49) which covers the trajectory of the outer end (50) of the disconnecting pin (40), the unit being such that when the pin (40) leaves the notch (45) of the auxiliary piece, its opposite end (50) pushes back the rim of the abovementioned plate, which plate is thus displaced translationally and controls the unlocking of the free-wheel (17a).
16. Lock according to Claim 15, characterized in that the rim (49) of the plate (25a) covers the trajectory of the end (50) of the disconnecting pin over a limited angular extent corresponding, for example to a travel of the keeper of approximately 10 mm, at the beginning of the closing.
17. Lock according to one of Claims 11 to 14, characterized in that it includes a changeover contact (55) capable of being controlled by the radial displacement of the abovementioned plate (25a) or of the disconnecting pin (40), this changeover contact (55) controlling the reversal of the direction of rotation of the assisting drive means (16).
18. Lock according to any one of Claims 9 to 17, characterized in that it is arranged such that the disengagement or disconnection is possible only substantially over the first half of the closing travel.
EP19880402624 1987-10-21 1988-10-18 Servo-controlled lock with rotary bolt Expired - Lifetime EP0313454B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8714529A FR2622241B1 (en) 1987-10-21 1987-10-21 ASSISTED LOCK WITH ROTATING PENE
FR8714529 1987-10-21
FR8806852A FR2632003B2 (en) 1987-10-21 1988-05-24 IMPROVEMENTS ON LATCHES ASSISTED AT PENE ROTATIF
FR8806852 1988-05-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0313454A1 EP0313454A1 (en) 1989-04-26
EP0313454B1 true EP0313454B1 (en) 1990-12-19

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ID=26226277

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880402624 Expired - Lifetime EP0313454B1 (en) 1987-10-21 1988-10-18 Servo-controlled lock with rotary bolt

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US4927196A (en)
EP (1) EP0313454B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3861315D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2019468B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2632003B2 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0313454A1 (en) 1989-04-26
DE3861315D1 (en) 1991-01-31
US4927196A (en) 1990-05-22
FR2632003A2 (en) 1989-12-01
FR2632003B2 (en) 1993-12-03
ES2019468B3 (en) 1991-06-16

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