EP0301114B1 - Process for driving pile sections under water - Google Patents

Process for driving pile sections under water Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0301114B1
EP0301114B1 EP87110889A EP87110889A EP0301114B1 EP 0301114 B1 EP0301114 B1 EP 0301114B1 EP 87110889 A EP87110889 A EP 87110889A EP 87110889 A EP87110889 A EP 87110889A EP 0301114 B1 EP0301114 B1 EP 0301114B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pile
driving device
drive unit
driving
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87110889A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0301114A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Kühn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BOMAG-BETEILIGUNGS-GMBH
Original Assignee
Menck GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Menck GmbH filed Critical Menck GmbH
Priority to EP87110889A priority Critical patent/EP0301114B1/en
Priority to DE8787110889T priority patent/DE3771216D1/en
Priority to NO873378A priority patent/NO168315C/en
Priority to JP62254522A priority patent/JPH0678616B2/en
Priority to US07/133,901 priority patent/US4818149A/en
Priority to US07/275,592 priority patent/US4872514A/en
Publication of EP0301114A1 publication Critical patent/EP0301114A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0301114B1 publication Critical patent/EP0301114B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/08Sinking workpieces into water or soil inasmuch as not provided for elsewhere
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02Placing by driving
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/12Underwater drilling
    • E21B7/124Underwater drilling with underwater tool drive prime mover, e.g. portable drilling rigs for use on underwater floors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S173/00Tool driving or impacting
    • Y10S173/01Operable submerged in liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for driving in ramming parts under water, in which a ramming device hanging on a support element and a submersible, electro-hydraulic drive unit are lowered under water and a ramming part is driven in by the ramming device driven by the submerged drive unit, and a method suitable for carrying out this method Drive unit.
  • the ram piles used for this must often be dimensioned stronger and heavier than for the actual anchoring of the structure is necessary so that the ram pile, which is particularly long in the first phase of ramming and is therefore sensitive to bending forces, does not suffer bending damage from the heavy weight of the pile driver weighing several hundred tons and its high impact energy, or from the intended one Driving direction differs.
  • Such thick-walled tubular steel piles which in practice are often over a hundred meters long, are not only very expensive, but also difficult and dangerous to handle, especially since workshop ships with correspondingly large and strong jib cranes are required.
  • the ram pile which initially protrudes long from the sea floor, can only be pre-rammed with a light piling device with relatively low impact energy until no more difficulties with its flexibility are to be expected. Then the light pile driver has to be caught up and a heavier pile driver has to be lowered onto the pile in order to drive it into the intended penetration depth. To do this, however two different pile drivers are lowered one after the other onto the pile and brought up again over water, which takes a lot of time under the not always favorable weather conditions for offshore work and therefore a correspondingly high effort because of the enormous costs of modern workshop ships.
  • the object of the invention is now to provide a method for driving in rammed parts under water of the type mentioned at the outset and a drive unit suitable for this purpose, which in a simple manner enables time and labor-saving, more economical driving in of rammed parts.
  • the thin, thin-walled and lighter driven piles corresponding to the actual foundation requirements can be rammed in much more quickly and efficiently without risk of damage, using two preferably different heavy rammers.
  • the advantages are particularly pronounced when a plurality of adjacent driven piles are to be driven in. Since both pile drivers can be driven with one and the same drive unit in accordance with their energy requirements, only one drive unit is required flexible implementation of pile driving.
  • the invention furthermore, based on the preamble of claim 16, relates to a submersible, electrohydraulic drive unit for underwater piling equipment which is suitable for carrying out the method and has the features of claim 16.
  • This drive unit can also be designed in the manner described in the parallel European patent application EP-A-030 1116 from the same filing date.
  • the conventional method of driving free-standing ramming piles under water works with a ramming hammer 1 hanging from a crane rope 4 from the crane K of a work ship 5, which has several with a drive unit 2 with a pressure medium container 13 attached to its top with this connected via hose lines 12, each driven by electric motors pump units 11 with the interposition of shock absorbers.
  • the pump units 11 are connected to the hydraulic cylinder (not shown) of the ramming hammer 1 by hose lines 9 and 10.
  • the drive unit is supplied with electrical energy via a umbilical 8 guided by a winch 6 of the work ship 5 via a deflection roller 7.
  • the umbilical 8 contains a sufficient number of electrical lines and, in the usual way, the control lines, air supply lines, etc. required for actuating and controlling the ramming hammer 1 and the drive device 2. Since the parts of the drive device are arranged one above the other in the longitudinal direction, the one in the Practice at least about 20 m long hammer 1 and the overall arrangement consisting of at least about 30 m of the drive unit is of considerable length, so that it is particularly difficult to handle, particularly when picking up and putting down on the deck of the work ship 5. In addition, the elongated overall arrangement when lowering under water is difficult to position over the head of the ram pile in such a way that the ramming hammer 1 can be properly placed on the ram pile 14.
  • the heavier pile driver 1 hanging on the suspension cable 4 of the crane K of the work ship 5 is lowered with a lighter pile driver 15 attached to it via a further support element 3 and enclosed by a drive unit 2 connected to it which in turn is supplied with energy via an umbilical 8 and, on the other hand, is not only connected to the associated piling device 15, but also to the heavier piling device 1 via hose lines 9 and 10 and signal lines (not shown).
  • the pump units of the drive unit 2 can each be driven individually or in groups, and the pressure medium flow supplied by them can be supplied to the two rammers 1 and 15 via a switching device with adjustable volume fractions, these can also be driven independently of one another.
  • the lighter ramming device 15 connected to the drive unit 2 is placed on a ramming pile 14 installed ready to drive on the seabed, but still projecting freely with most of its length.
  • the lighter pile driver 15 is now driven by the drive unit 2 to first drive the pile driver 14 with a relatively low weight load and limited impact energy to such an extent that the heavier pile driver 1 can then be placed on the pile driver 14 without endangering it.
  • FIG. 5 This state is shown in which the lighter pile driver 15 moves from the already sufficiently driven pile 14 to an adjacent one Driving pile 14 implemented and the heavier pile driver 1 was applied to the pre-driven pile.
  • the lighter pile driver 15 is then simultaneously driven to advance its pile, while at the same time the heavier pile driver 1 driven by the drive unit 2 via the hose lines 9 and 10 rams the previously driven pile 14 to the intended penetration depth.
  • FIG. 6 shows an advanced phase of a similar mode of operation, but in which the drive unit 2 is connected to the heavier pile driver 1.
  • This arrangement has the advantage that the smaller piling device 15 freed from the drive unit 2, when placed on the ramming pile 14, causes the weight of the latter to be significantly lower, so that it can be pre-rammed particularly gently.
  • both pile drivers 1 and 15 are seated next to each other on adjacent pile piles 14 in the manner shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, it is of course also possible first to drive the pile pile 14 which has already been rammed in with the heavier pile driver 1 with the full energy of the drive unit 2 to the intended penetration depth , whereupon the next pile driver 14 is pre-rammed with the smaller pile driver 15.
  • this requires longer hose lines between the drive unit 2 and the ramming device 1 or 15, which is separate from the latter, since these move farther from one another than when working with the reverse driving sequence. The longer hose lines also make handling more difficult and cause additional costs.
  • two ramming devices 1 and 15 of different weights and different impact energy can be driven in with one and the same drive unit 2 and the ramming piles one after the other in a time-saving and efficient manner with only one lowering of the devices. Since that is in the meantime the necessary catching up of the devices over water and the associated handling risk is eliminated, overall considerable time, labor and cost savings are achieved.
  • the pile drivers 1 and 15 can be lowered on separate support ropes 4 and 3 so that the drive unit 2 attached to a pile driver 15 can both be driven with this , as well as via hose lines 9 and 10 and signal lines as well as a shorter distance limiting rope 47 is connected to the other pile driver 1.
  • the lighter pile driver 15 is designed as a vibration pile driver with unbalance motors driven by the hydraulic pumps of the drive unit 2 via hydraulic motors. According to a modified method of operation, indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG.
  • one of the pile drivers preferably the lighter vibration pile driver 15, can also be suspended directly from the umbilical 8, which is required anyway for supplying the drive unit 2, and which is driven by a winch 6 on the work ship via a deflection roller 7 hangs on the crane k.
  • the Umbilical 8 which is designed for rough handling during offshore work, is usually designed to be particularly robust anyway and also withstands a relatively large tensile load.
  • This arrangement also makes it possible to keep the very expensive Umbilical 8 shorter, since it does not first have to be guided from the winch 6 to a deflection roller 7 at the upper end of the crane boom, which has a significant impact on work cranes with boom lengths over 100 m.
  • the lighter piling device 15 first rams one or more ramming piles 14 and / or the heavier piling device 1 simultaneously drives in another, possibly more resilient piling pile 14 and then is to be converted to pre-rammed piles 14 or both ramming piles 1 and 15 should drive in ram piles 14 which are assigned side by side.
  • it can also make sense to have two To drive rammers with the same impact power or weight next to each other by the same drive unit 2.
  • the progress of the individual ramming processes can also be observed side by side and, if necessary, the volume distribution of the pressure medium flow conveyed by the drive unit into the partial flows supplied to the individual ramming devices 1 and 15 can be adapted appropriately.
  • the left pile driver 14 has already been rammed a sufficient distance with the lighter pile driver 15, while the heavier pile driver 1 is either held above the right pile driver 14 or is deposited on it in the manner shown in broken lines. He can either remain stationary there or, if the drive unit has sufficient drive capacity and the delivery quantity divided as required, can work simultaneously with the lighter piling device 15.
  • the lighter ramming device 15 designed as a ramming hammer with the attached drive unit 2 is placed on a ramming pile 14 provided with a striking plate 28.
  • the drive unit 2 has a jacket housing with a continuous central receiving shaft A, an annular upper supporting plate 17, an annular lower supporting plate 18 provided with an insertion cone 19, an outer jacket wall 16 connecting the supporting plates and a cylindrical inner wall 20 surrounding the receiving slot A.
  • the annular space lying between the cylindrical jacket wall 16 and the inner wall 20 is a plurality of around its circumference
  • Distributed pump units 11 are arranged, each comprising an electric motor 21 and a hydraulic pump 24 connected to it and are aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the receiving shaft A.
  • Each pump unit is assigned an essentially cylindrical pressure medium container 22, which is connected to the hydraulic pump 24 via a hose line 46.
  • the electric motors 21 are connected to corresponding electrical lines in the umbilical 8 via separate electrical lines 43 and a watertight junction box arranged on the upper support plate 17.
  • the pump units 11 are each attached to the inner wall 20 via elastic support elements (not shown), which in turn is elastically cushioned relative to the lower support plate 18 and the upper support plate 17 by a plurality of prestressed spring cylinders 29 with pistons 30 distributed over the circumference and advantageously additionally by corresponding spring cylinders can also be supported radially inwards against the pile 14 or the hammer housing of the pile driver 15.
  • the pressure medium conveyed by the hydraulic pumps 24 flows via a hose line 44 to a switching device 37 arranged on the upper support plate 17, connected to the umbilical 8 via a signal line 42 and via a downstream collecting connection 31 and a hose line 33 to the hydraulic cylinder of the ramming device 15 and, if appropriate Via a hose line 9 to the ramming device 1.
  • the returning pressure medium runs via a hose line 34 or 10, the collecting connection 31 and a return line 45 to the pressure medium container 22. Further details in the arrangement, design and suspension of the electric motors 21, the hydraulic pumps 24 and the pressure medium container 22, and the lines connecting them to each other and to the piling device 15 are in the parallel European patent application further explained to the applicant from the same filing date.
  • At least one buoyancy tank 23 is also attached in the annular space between the jacket wall 16 and the inner wall 20, which either has a wall that withstands the intended diving depth or can be filled with gas via a supply line integrated in the umbilical 8 while expelling water.
  • FIG. 11 shows, two buoyancy containers 23 are provided in the embodiment shown, which extend over essentially the entire height of the jacket wall.
  • Each buoyancy tank 23 expediently has a lockable opening on the bottom for the inlet and outlet of water and a lockable top inlet opening for gas, so that both the extent of the gas filling in the buoyancy tank 23 and the gas pressure can be adjusted by appropriate control.
  • the pile driver 15 is detachably connected to the lower support plate 18 of the drive unit 2 via a fastening flange arranged in the lower section of the hammer housing.
  • the lower support plate 18 also carries a cylindrical downwardly projecting pile guide 25, the interior of which is also designed as a buoyancy container 26. This can be filled with gas via a gas supply line 38, a valve 39 and a passage opening 40.
  • outwardly projecting brackets 35 are arranged, on each of which a propeller device 27, which is driven by a hydraulic motor (not shown) and associated connecting lines from the hydraulic pumps 24, is attached.
  • the ramming device 15 hanging on the supporting cable 3 can be displaced essentially horizontally and / or rotated about its central axis for placement on the ramming pile 14.
  • the pile drivers 1 and 15 can also be equipped with such positioning devices.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Eintreiben von Rammteilen unter Wasser, bei welchem man ein an einem Tragelement hängendes Rammgerät und eine tauchfähige, elektrohydraulische Antriebseinheit unter Wasser absenkt und durch das von der getauchten Antriebseinheit angetriebene Rammgerät ein Rammteil eintreibt, sowie eine zur Ausführung dieses Verfahrens geeignete Antriebseinheit.The invention relates to a method for driving in ramming parts under water, in which a ramming device hanging on a support element and a submersible, electro-hydraulic drive unit are lowered under water and a ramming part is driven in by the ramming device driven by the submerged drive unit, and a method suitable for carrying out this method Drive unit.

Da die zur Ausbeutung von auf oder unter dem Meeresboden befindlichen Rohstoffvorkommen dienenden Arbeiten und die dafür unter Wasser zu installierenden Vorrichtungen und Konstruktionen in immer tieferes Wasser vordringen und somit häufig Rammgeräte in großer Wassertiefe zum Eintreiben von mehreren in gewissen Abständen nebeneinander angeordneten Rammpfählen eingesetzt werden müssen, wird es immer schwieriger, das Rammgerät mit tragbarem Zeit- und Arbeitsaufwand auf die einzutreibenden Rammteile aufzubringen und ein möglichst zeit- und arbeitssparendes Eintreiben ohne Beschädigung der Rammteile zu bewirken. Da es zum Verankern von Offshore-Bohrplattformen und ähnlichen Bauwerken erforderlich ist, an deren Tragbeinen zahlreiche Rammpfähle großen Durchmessers durch ein entsprechend schweres Rammgerät mit sehr hoher Schlagenergie sehr tief in einen mit zunehmender Tiefe immer härter werdenden Meeresboden einzurammen, müssen die dazu verwendeten Rammpfähle oft stärker und schwerer dimensioniert werden, als dies für die eigentliche Verankerung des Bauwerks erforderlich ist, damit der insbesondere in der ersten Phase des Einrammens in sehr großer Länge frei aufragende und daher gegen Biegungskräfte empfindliche Rammpfahl nicht unter dem hohen Gewicht des mehrere hundert Tonnen schweren Rammgeräts und dessen hoher Schlagenergie Biegungsschäden erleidet oder von der vorgesehenen Eintreibrichtung abweicht. Solche in der Praxis oft über hundert Meter langen, starkwandigen Stahlrohr-Pfähle sind nicht nur sehr teuer, sondern auch schwierig und gefahrvoll zu handhaben, zumal dazu Werkstattschiffe mit entsprechend groß und stark bemessenen Auslegerkranen benötigt werden.Since the work used to exploit raw material deposits on or under the sea floor and the devices and constructions to be installed under water penetrate ever deeper water, and therefore piling rigs often have to be used at great depths to drive in several pile piles arranged at certain intervals, it becomes more and more difficult to apply the pile driver to the driven parts to be driven in with a manageable amount of time and effort and to drive them in as quickly and efficiently as possible without damaging the driven parts. As it is used to anchor offshore drilling platforms and similar structures are required, on the supporting legs of which numerous large-diameter ram piles have to be rammed very deeply into a seabed that becomes increasingly hard with increasing depth, the ram piles used for this must often be dimensioned stronger and heavier than for the actual anchoring of the structure is necessary so that the ram pile, which is particularly long in the first phase of ramming and is therefore sensitive to bending forces, does not suffer bending damage from the heavy weight of the pile driver weighing several hundred tons and its high impact energy, or from the intended one Driving direction differs. Such thick-walled tubular steel piles, which in practice are often over a hundred meters long, are not only very expensive, but also difficult and dangerous to handle, especially since workshop ships with correspondingly large and strong jib cranes are required.

Zur Vermeidung dieser Schwierigkeiten hat man bei Rammungen in relativ geringen Wassertiefen kürzere Rammpfähle verwendet und diese jeweils nach entsprechendem Eintreiben in den Meeresboden durch über Wasser erfolgendes Anschweißen zusätzlicher Pfahlabschnitte verlängert. Dies läßt sich jedoch bei Rammungen in großer Wassertiefe nicht mehr durchführen.In order to avoid these difficulties, shorter ramming piles have been used for ramming in relatively shallow water depths, and these have been extended each time they have been driven into the sea floor by welding additional pile sections over water. However, this can no longer be carried out when driving into deep water.

Bei Verwendung von schlankeren und dünnwandigeren und damit auch leichteren Rammpfählen für Rammungen in großer Wassertiefe kann der zunächst mit großer Länge aus dem Meeresboden frei herausragende Rammpfahl nur mit einem leichten Rammgerät relativ geringer Schlagenergie vorgerammt werden, bis keine Schwierigkeiten mit seiner Biegsamkeit mehr zu erwarten sind. Dann muß das leichte Rammgerät aufgeholt und ein schwereres Rammgerät auf den Rammpfahl abgesenkt werden, um diesen auf die vorgesehene Eindringtiefe einzurammen. Hierzu müssen jedoch jeweils zwei verschiedene Rammgeräte nacheinander auf den Rammpfahl abgesenkt und wieder über Wasser aufgeholt werden, was unter den nicht immer günstigen Witterungsbedingungen bei Offshore-Arbeiten sehr viel Zeit und damit wegen der enormen Kosten moderner Werkstattschiffe einen entsprechend hohen Aufwand erfordert. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn die Rammungen in solchen Wassertiefen erfolgen müssen, in denen ein Antrieb des Rammgeräts durch von einer Basis über Wasser zugeführte Druckflüssigkeit wegen der hohen Druckverluste langer Schlauchleitungen und/oder zu starker Viskositätserhöhung der Druckflüssigkeit im kalten Meerwasser nicht mehr durchführbar ist. In solchen Fällen muß mit jedem Rammgerät eine passend ausgelegte, tauchfähige elektrohydraulische Antriebseinheit auf die Arbeitstiefe abgesenkt werden, so daß nicht nur zwei verschiedene Rammgeräte, sondern zusätzlich noch zwei diesen angepaßte Antriebseinheiten vorrätig gehalten und gehandhabt werden müssen.When using slimmer and thinner-walled and therefore also lighter ram piles for ramming in deep water, the ram pile, which initially protrudes long from the sea floor, can only be pre-rammed with a light piling device with relatively low impact energy until no more difficulties with its flexibility are to be expected. Then the light pile driver has to be caught up and a heavier pile driver has to be lowered onto the pile in order to drive it into the intended penetration depth. To do this, however two different pile drivers are lowered one after the other onto the pile and brought up again over water, which takes a lot of time under the not always favorable weather conditions for offshore work and therefore a correspondingly high effort because of the enormous costs of modern workshop ships. This applies in particular if the ramming must take place in water depths in which the driving of the ramming device by hydraulic fluid supplied from a base above water is no longer possible due to the high pressure losses of long hose lines and / or excessive viscosity increase of the hydraulic fluid in cold sea water. In such cases, a suitably designed, submersible electrohydraulic drive unit must be lowered to the working depth with each pile driver, so that not only two different pile drivers, but also two drive units adapted to them must be kept in stock and handled.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es nun, ein Verfahren zum Eintreiben von Rammteilen unter Wasser der eingangs genannten Art sowie eine hierzu geeignete Antriebseinheit zu schaffen, die auf einfache Weise ein zeit- und arbeitssparenderes, wirtschaftlicheres Eintreiben von Rammteilen ermöglicht.The object of the invention is now to provide a method for driving in rammed parts under water of the type mentioned at the outset and a drive unit suitable for this purpose, which in a simple manner enables time and labor-saving, more economical driving in of rammed parts.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist das Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß durch die im Patentanspruch 1 genannten Merkmale gekennzeichnet.To achieve this object, the method of the type mentioned is characterized according to the invention by the features mentioned in claim 1.

Mit diesem Verfahren können den eigentlichen Gründungsanforderungen entsprechende, dünnwandigere und leichtere Rammpfähle mit zwei vorzugsweise verschieden schweren Rammgeräten ohne Beschädigungsgefahr wesentlich rascher und rationeller eingerammt werden. Die Vorteile sind besonders ausgeprägt, wenn eine Mehrzahl von benachbarten Rammpfählen eingetrieben werden sollen. Da beide Rammgeräte mit ein und derselben Antriebseinheit jeweils entsprechend deren Energiebedarf angetrieben werden können, braucht man nur noch eine Antriebseinheit zur flexiblen Durchführung der Rammarbeit.With this method, the thin, thin-walled and lighter driven piles corresponding to the actual foundation requirements can be rammed in much more quickly and efficiently without risk of damage, using two preferably different heavy rammers. The advantages are particularly pronounced when a plurality of adjacent driven piles are to be driven in. Since both pile drivers can be driven with one and the same drive unit in accordance with their energy requirements, only one drive unit is required flexible implementation of pile driving.

Vorteilhafte weitere Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 15 beschrieben.Advantageous further refinements of the method are described in subclaims 2 to 15.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ferner ausgehend vom oberbegriff des Anspruchs 16 eine zur Ausführung des Verfahrens geeignete tauchfähige, elektrohydraulische Antriebseinheit für Unterwasser-Rammgeräte mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 16.The invention furthermore, based on the preamble of claim 16, relates to a submersible, electrohydraulic drive unit for underwater piling equipment which is suitable for carrying out the method and has the features of claim 16.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen dieser Antriebseinheit sind in den Unteransprüchen 17 bis 19 beschrieben.Further refinements of this drive unit are described in subclaims 17 to 19.

Diese Antriebseinheit kann weiterhin in der in der parallelen europäischen Patentanmeldung EP-A-030 1116 vom gleichen Anmeldetage beschriebenen Weise ausgestaltet sein.This drive unit can also be designed in the manner described in the parallel European patent application EP-A-030 1116 from the same filing date.

Im folgenden werden bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens und der Antriebseinheit unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen weiter erläutert.
Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung des Absenkens eines mit einer tauchfähigen Antriebseinheit ausgestatteten, herkömmlichen Unterwasser-Rammgeräts,
Figur 2
das Rammgerät gemäß Figur 1 in auf einem Rammpfahl aufgesetzter Stellung,
Figur 3
das erfindungsgemäß Absenken eines Rammgeräts mit einem an diesem hängendem, mit einer tauchfähigen Antriebseinheit verbundenen leichteren Rammgerät,
Figur 4
die Rammgeräte gemäß Figur 3 in auf einen Rammpfahl aufgesetzter Stellung des leichteren Rammgeräts,
Figur 5
die Rammgeräte gemäß Figur 3 und 4 in auf benachbarte Rammpfähle aufgesetzter Stellung,
Figur 6
die Rammgeräte gemäß der Figuren 3 bis 5 mit anderer Anordnung der Antriebseinheit in auf weiter eingetriebene Rammpfähle aufgesetzter Stellung,
Figur 7
das Absenken von zwei Rammgeräten an getrennten Tragelementen,
Figur 8
die Rammgeräte gemäß Figur 7 mit auf einem Rammpfahl aufsitzenden Vibrations-Rammgerät,
Figur 9
die Rammgeräte gemäß der Figuren 7 und 8 in jeweils auf einem Rammpfahl aufsitzendem Rammgerät,
Figur 10
einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch ein auf einem Rammpfahl aufsitzendes Rammgerät mit angebauter Antriebseinheit,
Figur 11
einen schematischen Querschnitt der Antriebseinheit gemäß Figur 10 in etwa halber Höhe und
Figur 12
einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch ein auf einem Rammpfahl aufsitzendes Rammgerät mit abgewandelter Anbringung der Antriebseinheit.
In the following preferred embodiments of the method and the drive unit are further explained with reference to the attached drawings.
Show it:
Figure 1
1 shows a schematic illustration of the lowering of a conventional underwater piling device equipped with a submersible drive unit,
Figure 2
the piling device according to FIG. 1 in a position placed on a piling,
Figure 3
lowering a piling device according to the invention with a lighter piling device attached to it and connected to a submersible drive unit,
Figure 4
3 the ramming devices according to FIG. 3 in the position of the lighter ramming device placed on a driving pile
Figure 5
the pile drivers according to FIGS. 3 and 4 in the position placed on adjacent pile piles,
Figure 6
the piling rigs according to FIGS. 3 to 5 with a different arrangement of the drive unit in the position placed on further driven piles,
Figure 7
lowering two pile drivers on separate support elements,
Figure 8
7 the pile drivers according to FIG. 7 with a vibratory pile driver sitting on a pile driver,
Figure 9
the pile drivers according to FIGS. 7 and 8 each in a pile driver sitting on a pile driver,
Figure 10
2 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a piling device mounted on a ramming pile with an attached drive unit,
Figure 11
a schematic cross section of the drive unit according to Figure 10 in about half the height and
Figure 12
a schematic longitudinal section through a pile driver sitting on a pile driver with a modified attachment of the drive unit.

Die in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte, herkömmliche Arbeitsweise zum Eintreiben von freistehenden Rammpfählen unter Wasser arbeitet mit einem an einem Kranseil 4 vom Kran K eines Arbeitsschiffes 5 herabhängenden Rammhammer 1, der mit einer an seiner Oberseite angebrachten Antriebseinheit 2 mit einem Druckmittelbehälter 13, mehreren mit diesem über Schlauchleitungem 12 verbundenen, jeweils durch Elektromotoren angetriebenen Pumpeneinheiten 11 unter Zwischenschaltung von Stoßdämpfeinrichtungen fest verbunden ist. Die Pumpeneinheiten 11 sind mit dem nicht dargestellten Hydraulikzylinder des Rammhammers 1 durch Schlauchleitungen 9 und 10 verbunden. Die Antriebseinheit wird über ein von einer Winde 6 des Arbeitsschiffes 5 über eine Umlenkrolle 7 geführtes Umbilical 8 mit elektrischer Energie versorgt. Hierzu enthält das Umbilical 8 eine hinreichende Anzahl elektrischer Leitungen sowie in üblicher Weise die zur Betätigung und Steuerung des Rammhammers 1 und der Antriebsvorrichtung 2 erforderlichen Steuerleitungen, Luftzuleitungen, etc. Da die Teile der Antriebseinrichtung in Längsrichtung übereinander angeordnet sind, weist die aus einem in der Praxis mindestens etwa 20 m langen Rammhammer 1 und dem mindestens etwa 30 m Gehäuse der Antriebseinheit bestehende Gesamtanordnung eine erhebliche Länge auf, so daß sie insbesondere beim Aufnehmen und Ablegen an Deck des Arbeitsschiffes 5 nur schwierig zu handhaben ist. Hinzu kommt, daß die langgestreckte Gesamtanordnung beim Absenken unter Wasser nur schwer so über den Kopf des Rammpfahles zu positionieren ist, daß ein einwandfreies Absetzen des Rammhammers 1 auf dem Rammpfahl 14 erreicht wird.1 and 2, the conventional method of driving free-standing ramming piles under water works with a ramming hammer 1 hanging from a crane rope 4 from the crane K of a work ship 5, which has several with a drive unit 2 with a pressure medium container 13 attached to its top with this connected via hose lines 12, each driven by electric motors pump units 11 with the interposition of shock absorbers. The pump units 11 are connected to the hydraulic cylinder (not shown) of the ramming hammer 1 by hose lines 9 and 10. The drive unit is supplied with electrical energy via a umbilical 8 guided by a winch 6 of the work ship 5 via a deflection roller 7. For this purpose, the umbilical 8 contains a sufficient number of electrical lines and, in the usual way, the control lines, air supply lines, etc. required for actuating and controlling the ramming hammer 1 and the drive device 2. Since the parts of the drive device are arranged one above the other in the longitudinal direction, the one in the Practice at least about 20 m long hammer 1 and the overall arrangement consisting of at least about 30 m of the drive unit is of considerable length, so that it is particularly difficult to handle, particularly when picking up and putting down on the deck of the work ship 5. In addition, the elongated overall arrangement when lowering under water is difficult to position over the head of the ram pile in such a way that the ramming hammer 1 can be properly placed on the ram pile 14.

Bei der in den Figuren 3 bis 5 beispielhaft dargestellten, erfindungsgemäßen Arbeitsweise wird das am Tragseil 4 des Kranes K des Arbeitsschiffes 5 hängende schwerere Rammgerät 1 mit einem daran über ein weiteres Tragelement 3 angehängten leichteren Rammgerät 15 abgesenkt, das von einer damit verbundenen Antriebseinheit 2 umschlossen ist, die ihrerseits über ein Umbilical 8 mit Energie versorgt und andererseits nicht nur mit dem zugehörigen Rammgerät 15, sondern über Schlauchleitungen 9 und 10 und nicht dargestellte Signalleitungen auch mit dem schwereren Rammgerät 1 verbunden ist. Da die Pumpeneinheiten der Antriebseinheit 2 jeweils einzeln oder gruppenweise antreibbar sind und der von diesen gelieferte Druckmittelstrom über eine Umschaltvorrichtung mit einstellbaren Volumenanteilen den beiden Rammgeräten 1 und 15 zugeführt werden kann, lassen sich diese auch voneinander unabhängig antreiben.In the method according to the invention shown by way of example in FIGS. 3 to 5, the heavier pile driver 1 hanging on the suspension cable 4 of the crane K of the work ship 5 is lowered with a lighter pile driver 15 attached to it via a further support element 3 and enclosed by a drive unit 2 connected to it which in turn is supplied with energy via an umbilical 8 and, on the other hand, is not only connected to the associated piling device 15, but also to the heavier piling device 1 via hose lines 9 and 10 and signal lines (not shown). Since the pump units of the drive unit 2 can each be driven individually or in groups, and the pressure medium flow supplied by them can be supplied to the two rammers 1 and 15 via a switching device with adjustable volume fractions, these can also be driven independently of one another.

Bei der in Figur 4 dargestellten Stellung ist das mit der Antriebseinheit 2 verbundene, leichtere Rammgerät 15 auf einen am Meeresboden eintreibbereit installierten, aber noch mit dem größten Teil seiner Länge frei aufragenden Rammpfahl 14 aufgesetzt. Das leichtere Rammgerät 15 wird nun durch die Antriebseinheit 2 angetrieben, um den Rammpfahl 14 bei relativ geringer Gewichtsbelastung und begrenzter Schlagenergie zunächst so weit einzutreiben, daß danach das schwerere Rammgerät 1 ohne Gefährdung des Rammpfahles 14 auf diesen aufgesetzt werden kann. Dieser Zustand ist in Figur 5 dargestellt, in welcher das leichtere Rammgeräte 15 von dem bereits hinreichend voreingetriebenen Rammpfahl 14 auf einen benachbarten Rammpfahl 14 umgesetzt und das schwerere Rammgerät 1 auf den voreingetriebenen Rammpfahl aufgebracht wurde. In der Folge wird dann gleichzeitig das leichtere Rammgerät 15 zum Voreintreiben seines Rammpfahles angetrieben, während gleichzeitig das von der Antriebseinheit 2 über die Schlauchleitungen 9 und 10 angetriebene schwerere Rammgerät 1 den bereits vorgerammten Rammpfahl 14 auf die vorgesehene Eindringtiefe einrammt.In the position shown in FIG. 4, the lighter ramming device 15 connected to the drive unit 2 is placed on a ramming pile 14 installed ready to drive on the seabed, but still projecting freely with most of its length. The lighter pile driver 15 is now driven by the drive unit 2 to first drive the pile driver 14 with a relatively low weight load and limited impact energy to such an extent that the heavier pile driver 1 can then be placed on the pile driver 14 without endangering it. This state is shown in FIG. 5, in which the lighter pile driver 15 moves from the already sufficiently driven pile 14 to an adjacent one Driving pile 14 implemented and the heavier pile driver 1 was applied to the pre-driven pile. As a result, the lighter pile driver 15 is then simultaneously driven to advance its pile, while at the same time the heavier pile driver 1 driven by the drive unit 2 via the hose lines 9 and 10 rams the previously driven pile 14 to the intended penetration depth.

Figur 6 zeigt eine fortgeschrittene Phase einer ähnlichen Arbeitsweise, bei der jedoch die Antriebseinheit 2 mit dem schwereren Rammgerät 1 verbunden ist. Diese Anordnung hat den Vorteil, daß das von der Antriebseinheit 2 befreite kleinere Rammgerät 15 beim Aufsetzen auf den Rammpfahl 14 eine noch wesentlich kleinere Gewichtsbelastung desselben bewirkt, dieser somit besonders schonend vorgerammt werden kann.FIG. 6 shows an advanced phase of a similar mode of operation, but in which the drive unit 2 is connected to the heavier pile driver 1. This arrangement has the advantage that the smaller piling device 15 freed from the drive unit 2, when placed on the ramming pile 14, causes the weight of the latter to be significantly lower, so that it can be pre-rammed particularly gently.

Wenn beide Rammgeräte 1 und 15 in der in den Figuren 5 und 6 dargestellten Weise nebeneinander auf benachbarten Rammpfählen 14 aufsitzen, kann selbstverständlich auch zuerst der bereits vorgerammte Rammpfahl 14 mit dem schwereren Rammgerät 1 mit der vollen Energie der Antriebseinheit 2 auf die vorgesehene Eindringtiefe eingetrieben werden, worauf dann der nächste Rammpfahl 14 mit dem kleineren Rammgerät 15 vorgerammt wird. Dies erfordert jedoch längere Schlauchleitungen zwischen der Antriebseinheit 2 und dem von dieser getrennten Rammgerät 1 bzw. 15, da diese sich dabei weiter voneinander entfernen, als bei der Arbeitsweise mit umgekehrter Rammfolge. Die längeren Schlauchleitungen führen auch zu einer gewissen Erschwerung in der Handhabung und verursachen zusätzliche Kosten.If both pile drivers 1 and 15 are seated next to each other on adjacent pile piles 14 in the manner shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, it is of course also possible first to drive the pile pile 14 which has already been rammed in with the heavier pile driver 1 with the full energy of the drive unit 2 to the intended penetration depth , whereupon the next pile driver 14 is pre-rammed with the smaller pile driver 15. However, this requires longer hose lines between the drive unit 2 and the ramming device 1 or 15, which is separate from the latter, since these move farther from one another than when working with the reverse driving sequence. The longer hose lines also make handling more difficult and cause additional costs.

In der dargestellten Weise können mit zwei Rammgeräten 1 und 15 verschiedenen Gewichts und unterschiedlicher Schlagenergie mit nur ein und derselben Antriebseinheit 2 bei nur einmaligem Absenken der Geräte mehrere Rammpfähle zeitsparend und rationell nacheinander eingerammt werden. Da das bisher zwischenzeitlich erforderliche Aufholen der Geräte über Wasser und das damit verbundene Handhabungsrisiko entfällt, werden insgesamt erhebliche Zeit-, Arbeits- und Kostenersparnisse erzielt.In the manner shown, two ramming devices 1 and 15 of different weights and different impact energy can be driven in with one and the same drive unit 2 and the ramming piles one after the other in a time-saving and efficient manner with only one lowering of the devices. Since that is in the meantime the necessary catching up of the devices over water and the associated handling risk is eliminated, overall considerable time, labor and cost savings are achieved.

Wenn mehrere etwas weiter voneinander entfernt angeordnete Rammpfähle eingetrieben werden sollen, können gemäß den Fig. 7 bis 9 die Rammgeräte 1 und 15 zweckmäßig jeweils an getrennten Tragseilen 4 bzw. 3 so abgesenkt werden, daß die am einen Rammgerät 15 angebrachte Antriebseinheit 2 sowohl mit diesem, als auch über Schlauchleitungen 9 und 10 und Signalleitungen sowie ein demgegenüber kürzeres Abstandsbegrenzungsseil 47 mit dem jeweils anderen Rammgerät 1 verbunden ist. Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist das leichtere Rammgerät 15 als Vibrations-Rammgerät mit von den Hydraulikpumpen der Antriebseinheit 2 über Hydraulikmotoren angetriebenen Unwuchtmotoren ausgebildet. Nach einer abgewandelten, in Figur 7 strichpunktiert angedeuteten Arbeitsweise kann eines der Rammgeräte, vorzugsweise das leichtere Vibrations-Rammgerät 15 auch direkt an dem zur Versorgung der Antriebseinheit 2 ohnehin benötigten Umbilical 8 aufgehängt sein, das von einer Winde 6 auf dem Arbeitsschiff über eine Umlenkrolle 7 am Kran k herabhängt. Dies ist möglich, weil das für die rauhe Handhabung bei Offshore-Arbeiten ausgelegte Umbilical 8 normalerweise ohnehin besonders robust ausgebildet ist und auch eine relativ große Zugbelastung aushält. Diese Anordnung ermöglicht auch, das sehr teure Umbilical 8 kürzer zu halten, da es nicht erst von der Winde 6 bis zu einer Umlenkrolle 7 am oberen Ende des Kranauslegers geführt werden muß, was bei Arbeitskranen mit Auslegerlängen über 100 m erheblich zu Buch schlägt.7 to 9, the pile drivers 1 and 15 can be lowered on separate support ropes 4 and 3 so that the drive unit 2 attached to a pile driver 15 can both be driven with this , as well as via hose lines 9 and 10 and signal lines as well as a shorter distance limiting rope 47 is connected to the other pile driver 1. In the embodiment shown, the lighter pile driver 15 is designed as a vibration pile driver with unbalance motors driven by the hydraulic pumps of the drive unit 2 via hydraulic motors. According to a modified method of operation, indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 7, one of the pile drivers, preferably the lighter vibration pile driver 15, can also be suspended directly from the umbilical 8, which is required anyway for supplying the drive unit 2, and which is driven by a winch 6 on the work ship via a deflection roller 7 hangs on the crane k. This is possible because the Umbilical 8, which is designed for rough handling during offshore work, is usually designed to be particularly robust anyway and also withstands a relatively large tensile load. This arrangement also makes it possible to keep the very expensive Umbilical 8 shorter, since it does not first have to be guided from the winch 6 to a deflection roller 7 at the upper end of the crane boom, which has a significant impact on work cranes with boom lengths over 100 m.

Bei dieser Arbeitsweise kann frei gewählt werden, ob das leichtere Rammgerät 15 zunächst einen oder mehrere Rammpfähle 14 vorrammen und/oder das schwerere Rammgerät 1 gleichzeitig einen anderen, gegebenenfalls belastbareren Rammpfahl 14 eintreiben und dann auf bereits vorgerammte Rammpfähle 14 umgesetzt werden soll oder aber beide Rammgeräte 1 und 15 jeweils nebeneinander zugeordnete Rammpfähle 14 eintreiben sollen. Für derartige Fälle kann es auch sinnvoll sein, zwei Rammgeräte gleicher Schlagleistung bzw. gleichen Gewichts nebeneinander durch die gleiche Antriebseinheit 2 anzutreiben. Bei Verwendung einer entsprechenden Anzahl von Unterwasserkameras kann der Fortschritt der einzelnen Rammvorgänge auch nebeneinander beobachtet und bei Bedarf die volumenmäßige Aufteilung des von der Antriebseinheit geförderten Druckmittelstroms in die den einzelnen Rammgeräten 1 und 15 zugeführten Teilströme zweckentsprechend angepaßt werden.In this mode of operation, it can be freely chosen whether the lighter piling device 15 first rams one or more ramming piles 14 and / or the heavier piling device 1 simultaneously drives in another, possibly more resilient piling pile 14 and then is to be converted to pre-rammed piles 14 or both ramming piles 1 and 15 should drive in ram piles 14 which are assigned side by side. In such cases, it can also make sense to have two To drive rammers with the same impact power or weight next to each other by the same drive unit 2. When using an appropriate number of underwater cameras, the progress of the individual ramming processes can also be observed side by side and, if necessary, the volume distribution of the pressure medium flow conveyed by the drive unit into the partial flows supplied to the individual ramming devices 1 and 15 can be adapted appropriately.

Bei der in Figur 8 dargestellten Anordnung ist der linke Rammpfahl 14 mit dem leichteren Rammgerät 15 bereits um eine hinreichende Strecke vorgerammt worden, während das schwerere Rammgerät 1 entweder über dem rechten Rammpfahl 14 gehalten oder in der strichpunktiert dargestellten Weise auf diesem abgesetzt wird. Er kann dort entweder stillgesetzt bleiben oder bei ausreichender Antriebskapazität der Antriebseinheit und bedarfsgerecht geteilter Fördermenge gleichzeitig mit dem leichteren Rammgerät 15 arbeiten.In the arrangement shown in FIG. 8, the left pile driver 14 has already been rammed a sufficient distance with the lighter pile driver 15, while the heavier pile driver 1 is either held above the right pile driver 14 or is deposited on it in the manner shown in broken lines. He can either remain stationary there or, if the drive unit has sufficient drive capacity and the delivery quantity divided as required, can work simultaneously with the lighter piling device 15.

Bei der in Figur 9 dargestellten Stellung hat das schwerere Rammgerät 1 den rechten Rammpfahl 14 bereits weiter eingetrieben, während das leichtere Rammgerät 15 entweder auf dem linken Pfahl 14 stillgesetzt ist oder diesen noch weiter eintreibt.In the position shown in FIG. 9, the heavier pile driver 1 has already driven the right pile driver 14 further, while the lighter pile driver 15 has either stopped on the left pile 14 or is driving it in even further.

In Figur 10 ist das als Rammhammer ausgebildete leichtere Rammgerät 15 mit der angebauten Antriebseinheit 2 auf einen mit einer Schlagplatte 28 versehenen Rammpfahl 14 aufgesetzt. Die Antriebseinheit 2 besitzt ein Mantelgehäuse mit einem durchgehenden zentralen Aufnahmeschacht A, einer ringförmigen oberen Tragplatte 17, einer mit einem Einführkonus 19 versehenen, ringförmigen unteren Tragplatte 18, einer die Tragplatten verbindenden äußeren Mantelwand 16 und einer der Aufnahmeschacht A umschließenden, zylindrischen Innenwand 20. In dem zwischen der zylindrischen Mantelwand 16 und der Innenwand 20 liegenden Ringraum ist eine Mehrzahl von über dessen Umfang verteilt angeordneten Pumpeneinheiten 11 angeordnet, die jeweils einen Elektromotor 21 und eine mit diesem verbundene Hydraulikpumpe 24 umfassen und parallel zur Längsachse des Aufnahmeschachts A ausgerichtet sind. Jeder Pumpeneinheit ist ein im wesentlichen zylindrischer Druckmittelbehälter 22 zugeordnet, der mit der Hydraulikpumpe 24 über eine Schlauchleitung 46 verbunden ist. Die Elektromotoren 21 werden über getrennte elektrische Leitungen 43 und einen an der oberen Tragplatte 17 angeordneten, wasserdichten Anschlußkasten mit entsprechenden elektrischen Leitungen im Umbilical 8 verbunden. Die Pumpeneinheiten 11 sind jeweils über nicht dargestellte elastische Stützelemente an der Innenwand 20 angebracht, die ihrerseits gegenüber der unteren Tragplatte 18 und der oberen Tragplatte 17 durch mehrere über den Umfang verteilte, vorgespannte Federzylinder 29 mit Kolben 30 elastisch abgefedert ist und vorteilhaft zusätzlich durch entsprechende Federzylinder auch radial einwärts gegen den Rammpfahl 14 oder das Hammergehäuse des Rammgerätes 15 federnd abgestützt sein kann.In FIG. 10, the lighter ramming device 15 designed as a ramming hammer with the attached drive unit 2 is placed on a ramming pile 14 provided with a striking plate 28. The drive unit 2 has a jacket housing with a continuous central receiving shaft A, an annular upper supporting plate 17, an annular lower supporting plate 18 provided with an insertion cone 19, an outer jacket wall 16 connecting the supporting plates and a cylindrical inner wall 20 surrounding the receiving slot A. the annular space lying between the cylindrical jacket wall 16 and the inner wall 20 is a plurality of around its circumference Distributed pump units 11 are arranged, each comprising an electric motor 21 and a hydraulic pump 24 connected to it and are aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the receiving shaft A. Each pump unit is assigned an essentially cylindrical pressure medium container 22, which is connected to the hydraulic pump 24 via a hose line 46. The electric motors 21 are connected to corresponding electrical lines in the umbilical 8 via separate electrical lines 43 and a watertight junction box arranged on the upper support plate 17. The pump units 11 are each attached to the inner wall 20 via elastic support elements (not shown), which in turn is elastically cushioned relative to the lower support plate 18 and the upper support plate 17 by a plurality of prestressed spring cylinders 29 with pistons 30 distributed over the circumference and advantageously additionally by corresponding spring cylinders can also be supported radially inwards against the pile 14 or the hammer housing of the pile driver 15.

Das von den Hydraulikpumpen 24 geförderte Druckmittel strömt über eine Schlauchleitung 44 zu einer an der oberen Tragplatte 17 angeordneten, über eine Signalleitung 42 mit dem Umbilical 8 verbundenen Umschaltvorrichtung 37 und über einen nachgeschalteten Sammelanschluß 31 und eine Schlauchleitung 33 zu dem Hydraulikzylinder des Rammgeräts 15 sowie gegebenenfalls über eine Schlauchleitung 9 zum Rammgerät 1. Das zurückströmende Druckmittel läuft über eine Schlauchleitung 34 bzw. 10, den Sammelanschluß 31 und eine Rückleitung 45 zum Druckmittelbehälter 22. Nähere Einzelheiten in der Anordnung, Ausbildung und Abfederung der Elektromotoren 21, der Hydraulikpumpen 24 und der Druckmittelbehälter 22, sowie der diese miteinander und mit dem Rammgerät 15 verbindenden Leitungen sind in der parallelen europäischen Patentanmeldung
der Anmelderin vom gleichen Anmeldetag weiter erläutert.
The pressure medium conveyed by the hydraulic pumps 24 flows via a hose line 44 to a switching device 37 arranged on the upper support plate 17, connected to the umbilical 8 via a signal line 42 and via a downstream collecting connection 31 and a hose line 33 to the hydraulic cylinder of the ramming device 15 and, if appropriate Via a hose line 9 to the ramming device 1. The returning pressure medium runs via a hose line 34 or 10, the collecting connection 31 and a return line 45 to the pressure medium container 22. Further details in the arrangement, design and suspension of the electric motors 21, the hydraulic pumps 24 and the pressure medium container 22, and the lines connecting them to each other and to the piling device 15 are in the parallel European patent application
further explained to the applicant from the same filing date.

Um die beim Aufsetzen des Rammgerätes 15 auf den noch nicht vorgerammten Rammpfahl 14 einwirkende Gewichtsbelastung zu vermindern, ist im Ringraum zwischen der Mantelwand 16 und der Innenwand 20 ferner mindestens ein Auftriebsbehälter 23 angebracht, der entweder eine der vorgesehenen Tauchtiefe standhaltende Wandung aufweist oder über eine im Umbilical 8 integrierte Versorgungsleitung unter Austreiben von Wasser mit Gas gefüllt werden kann. Wie Figur 11 zeigt, sind bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform zwei über im wesentlichen die gesamte Höhe der Mantelwand durchgehende Auftriebsbehälter 23 vorgesehen. Jeder Auftriebsbehälter 23 weist zweckmäßig eine absperrbare unterseitige Öffnung zum Einlassen und Auslassen von Wasser sowie eine absperrbare oberseitige Einlaßöffnung für Gas auf, so daß durch entsprechende Steuerung sowohl das Ausmaß der Gasfüllung im Auftriebsbehälter 23, als auch der Gasdruck einstellbar sind.In order to increase the weight load when the ramming device 15 is placed on the not yet rammed pile 14 reduce, at least one buoyancy tank 23 is also attached in the annular space between the jacket wall 16 and the inner wall 20, which either has a wall that withstands the intended diving depth or can be filled with gas via a supply line integrated in the umbilical 8 while expelling water. As FIG. 11 shows, two buoyancy containers 23 are provided in the embodiment shown, which extend over essentially the entire height of the jacket wall. Each buoyancy tank 23 expediently has a lockable opening on the bottom for the inlet and outlet of water and a lockable top inlet opening for gas, so that both the extent of the gas filling in the buoyancy tank 23 and the gas pressure can be adjusted by appropriate control.

Bei der in Figur 12 dargestellten, abgewandelten Ausführungsform ist das Rammgerät 15 über einen im unteren Abschnitt des Hammergehäuses angeordneten Befestigungsflansch mit der unteren Tragplatte 18 der Antriebseinheit 2 lösbar verbunden. Die untere Tragplatte 18 trägt in diesem Falle zusätzlich eine zylindrisch abwärts vorstehende Pfahlführung 25, deren Innenraum ebenfalls als Auftriebsbehälter 26 ausgebildet ist. Dieser kann über eine Gaszuleitung 38, ein Ventil 39 und eine Durchlaßöffnung 40 mit Gas befüllt werden. An der äußeren Mantelwand 16 sind auswärts vorstehende Konsolen 35 angeordnet, an denen jeweils ein durch einen nicht dargestellten Hydraulikmotor und zugehörige Verbindungsleitungen von den Hydraulikpumpen 24 angetriebene Propellervorrichtung 27 angebracht ist. Mittels dieser Positioniervorrichtungen kann das am Tragseil 3 hängende Rammgerät 15 zum Aufsetzen auf den Rammpfahl 14 im wesentlichen horizontal verlagert und/oder um seine Mittelachse verdreht werden. Selbstverständlich können auch die Rammgeräte 1 und 15 mit derartigen Positioniervorrichtungen ausgerüstet sein.In the modified embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the pile driver 15 is detachably connected to the lower support plate 18 of the drive unit 2 via a fastening flange arranged in the lower section of the hammer housing. In this case, the lower support plate 18 also carries a cylindrical downwardly projecting pile guide 25, the interior of which is also designed as a buoyancy container 26. This can be filled with gas via a gas supply line 38, a valve 39 and a passage opening 40. On the outer casing wall 16, outwardly projecting brackets 35 are arranged, on each of which a propeller device 27, which is driven by a hydraulic motor (not shown) and associated connecting lines from the hydraulic pumps 24, is attached. By means of these positioning devices, the ramming device 15 hanging on the supporting cable 3 can be displaced essentially horizontally and / or rotated about its central axis for placement on the ramming pile 14. Of course, the pile drivers 1 and 15 can also be equipped with such positioning devices.

Das vorstehend anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsformen beschriebene Verfahren und die zugehörige Antriebseinheit können vom Fachmann je nach den Anforderungen des Einzelfalls in verschiedener Weise zweckentsprechend abgewandelt werden, sofern dabei das wesentliche Merkmal der Absenkung zweier Rammgeräte mit einer gemeinsamen Antriebseinheit erhalten bleibt.The method described above with reference to preferred embodiments and the associated drive unit can be modified by the person skilled in the art in various ways depending on the requirements of the individual case, provided that the essential feature of lowering two piling equipment with a common drive unit is retained.

Claims (19)

  1. Process for driving pile sections under water, wherein a pile-driving device suspended on a carrying element and a submersible electrohydraulic drive unit are lowered under water and a pile section is driven by means of the pile-driving device driven by the submerged drive unit, characterised in that
    a) besides a first pile-driving device (1), a second pile-driving device (15) suspended on said first device or on a further carrying element (3) is lowered in such a way that at least one pile-driving device (15 or 1) assumes a position on top of a pile section (14),
    b) the drive unit (2) is disposed laterally adjacent to a pile-driving device (15 or 1) or on the latter's underside and is connected by hose pipes (9, 10) to both pile-driving devices (1, 15),
    c) after driving in of a pile section (14) by a predetermined amount, the pile-driving device (15 or 1) positioned thereon is moved directly onto another pile section (14) and the other pile-driving device (1 or 15) is used to drive a further pile section (14) or the first pile section (14) further in, and
    d) both pile-driving devices (1, 15) are driven in succession or simultaneously by the same drive unit (2).
  2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that a second pile-driving device (15) which is lighter and has a less intensive driving action than the first pile-driving device (1) is used.
  3. Process according to claim 2, characterised in that the second pile-driving device (15) is suspended by at least one flexible carrying element (3) from the first pile-driving device (1).
  4. Process according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the drive unit (2) is disposed laterally adjacent to or below the lighter pile-driving device (15).
  5. Process according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the drive unit (2) is disposed laterally adjacent to or below the first pile-driving device (1).
  6. Process according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that one pile-driving device (15) is suspended from an umbilical (8) for the drive unit (2) disposed thereon.
  7. Process according to one of claims 1 to 6 for driving a plurality of pile sections, characterised in that firstly the first pile section (14) is driven by the lighter pile-driving device (15) far enough in for it to be able safely to absorb the driving forces of the heavier pile-driving device (1), then the lighter pile-driving device (15) is moved onto a further pile section (14) and the first pile section (14) is driven by the heavier pile-driving device (1) to the required penetration depth, with the pile-driving devices (15, 1) then being successively moved step-by-step onto further pile sections (14) in such a way that each pile section (14) is first driven in by a sufficient amount by the lighter pile-driving device (15) and is then driven further in by the heavier pile-driving device (1).
  8. Process according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that at least one vibratory pile-driving device (15) is used.
  9. Process according to claim 8, characterised in that a lighter vibratory pile-driving device (15) and a heavier pile-driving device (1) with a hydraulically driven impact element are used.
  10. Process according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that a drive unit (2) is used which has a central location shaft (A) for the associated pile-driving device (1, 15) or pile section and an enclosing shell casing.
  11. Process according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that at least one buoyancy hollow chamber (23, 26) of the drive unit (2) and/or of the pile-driving device (15 or 1) is totally or partially filled with gas.
  12. Process according to claim 11, characterised in that the gas quantity for producing buoyancy is so dimensioned that the dead load exerted upon the pile section (14) by the pile-driving device (15) first positioned on top of the pile section (14) and by a drive unit (2) possibly mounted on said pile-driving device does not exceed a predetermined limit value.
  13. Process according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that, to avoid pressure-proof walls, the gas pressure in the buoyancy hollow chamber (23, 26) is adapted to the external pressure at the intended operating depth.
  14. Process according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that at least one substantially horizontally directed thrust stream is generated for positioning the pile-driving device (15 or 1) and, where applicable, the drive unit (2) disposed thereon as they are placed onto the pile section (14).
  15. Process according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that at least one pile section (14) connected to one of the pile-driving devices (1 or 15) is lowered with the pile-driving devices (1, 15).
  16. Submersible electrohydraulic drive unit for underwater pile-driving devices, having hydraulic pumps which are each to be driven by electric motors and are connected to a pressure medium tank, characterised in that
    a) the drive unit (2) has a shell casing (16, 17, 18, 20) with a continuous central location shaft (A) for a pile section (14) or the hammer casing or vibratory head of a pile-driving device (1, 15), one upper and one lower annular supporting plate (17, 18) for detachable fastening on a pile-driving device (1, 15), an outer shell wall (16) connecting the supporting plates (17, 18) and an inner wall (20) enclosing the location shaft (A),
    b) the hydraulic pumps (24) and the associated electric motors (21) are combined to form pump units (21, 24) disposed at peripheral intervals between the inner wall (20) and the shell wall (16) preferably parallel to the location shaft (A), and
    c) changeover devices (37) are provided for apportionably supplying the pressure medium flow generated by the hydraulic pumps (24) through associated hose pipes (9, 10 and/or 32, 33) to the first and/or second pile-driving device (1 and/or 15).
  17. Drive unit according to claim 16, characterised in that the pump units (21, 24) may be driven individually or in groups and the changeover devices (37) are designed so as to supply pressure medium part-flows of adjustable volume to the two pile-driving devices (1, 15).
  18. Drive unit according to claim 16 or 17, characterised in that at least one buoyancy tank (23, 26) for receiving gas is disposed in the shell casing and/or in a guide shell (25) for the pile section (14) projecting downwards from the lower supporting plate (18).
  19. Drive unit according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterised by at least one positioning device (27) having a drivable propeller or some other device for generating a substantially horizontal thrust stream.
EP87110889A 1987-07-28 1987-07-28 Process for driving pile sections under water Expired - Lifetime EP0301114B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87110889A EP0301114B1 (en) 1987-07-28 1987-07-28 Process for driving pile sections under water
DE8787110889T DE3771216D1 (en) 1987-07-28 1987-07-28 METHOD FOR DRIVING RAMP PARTS UNDER WATER.
NO873378A NO168315C (en) 1987-07-28 1987-08-12 PROCEDURE AND DRIVEN FOR RECOVERY OF PILES UNDER WATER
JP62254522A JPH0678616B2 (en) 1987-07-28 1987-10-07 Underwater pile driving method and drive unit for implementing this method
US07/133,901 US4818149A (en) 1987-07-28 1987-12-15 Method of and a drive unit for driving ramming parts under water
US07/275,592 US4872514A (en) 1987-07-28 1988-11-14 Drive unit for driving ramming parts under water

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87110889A EP0301114B1 (en) 1987-07-28 1987-07-28 Process for driving pile sections under water

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0301114A1 EP0301114A1 (en) 1989-02-01
EP0301114B1 true EP0301114B1 (en) 1991-07-03

Family

ID=8197159

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87110889A Expired - Lifetime EP0301114B1 (en) 1987-07-28 1987-07-28 Process for driving pile sections under water

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US4818149A (en)
EP (1) EP0301114B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0678616B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3771216D1 (en)
NO (1) NO168315C (en)

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DE4300075C1 (en) * 1993-01-05 1994-03-17 Hans Kuehn Drive energy transmission system for underwater plant - uses supply lines and umbilical cable handled separately with plug-in coupling at bottom end.
DE4300074C1 (en) * 1993-01-05 1994-05-05 Hans Kuehn Signal and data transmission device for underwater operating plant - uses communications umbilical coupled to separate underwater device linked to plant via cable or radio link
DE4300073C2 (en) * 1993-01-05 1994-10-27 Hans Kuehn Independent submersible drive unit for piling and working tools that can be used under water
US6129487A (en) * 1998-07-30 2000-10-10 Bermingham Construction Limited Underwater pile driving tool
US20050006105A1 (en) * 2002-12-02 2005-01-13 Bell Douglas B Method and apparatus for through rotary sub-sea pile-driving
GB0520891D0 (en) * 2005-10-14 2005-11-23 Tidal Generation Ltd Foundation structure for water current energy system
GB2448358B (en) * 2007-04-12 2009-07-08 Tidal Generation Ltd Installation of underwater ground anchorages
US8033756B2 (en) * 2008-07-21 2011-10-11 Adamson James E Deep water pile driver
AU2010213348B2 (en) 2009-02-10 2015-04-30 Infrabuild Wire Pty Limited Fence post driver
GB0905663D0 (en) * 2009-04-01 2009-05-13 Marine Current Turbines Ltd Methods of and apparatus for the installation of columns/piles
NL2003073C2 (en) 2009-06-23 2010-12-27 Ihc Holland Ie Bv DEVICE AND METHOD FOR REDUCING SOUND.
DK2325397T3 (en) 2009-11-24 2012-10-22 Ihc Holland Ie Bv System and method for installing foundation elements in an underwater foundation
WO2011150335A2 (en) * 2010-05-28 2011-12-01 Lockheed Martin Corporation Undersea anchoring system and method
KR101185031B1 (en) 2010-06-23 2012-09-21 한국건설기술연구원 Suction Anchor Pile with Propellent Device, and Installation Method of Suction Anchor Pile using the Propellent Device
NL2006017C2 (en) 2011-01-17 2012-07-18 Ihc Holland Ie Bv Pile driver system for and method of installing foundation elements in a subsea ground formation.
NL2008279C2 (en) * 2012-02-13 2013-08-14 Ihc Holland Ie Bv A template for and method of installing a plurality of foundation elements in an underwater ground formation.
US20140347476A1 (en) * 2013-05-21 2014-11-27 National Taiwan University Bridge inspecting system and method
KR101652352B1 (en) * 2014-09-24 2016-09-01 삼성중공업 주식회사 Excavation pump device
EP4335974A1 (en) * 2022-09-08 2024-03-13 Technische Universität Hamburg Method of inserting a profile into the ground and vibrator assembly therefor

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4818149A (en) 1989-04-04
JPH0678616B2 (en) 1994-10-05
EP0301114A1 (en) 1989-02-01
NO168315C (en) 1992-02-05
NO873378D0 (en) 1987-08-12
NO168315B (en) 1991-10-28
DE3771216D1 (en) 1991-08-08
US4872514A (en) 1989-10-10
JPS6436822A (en) 1989-02-07
NO873378L (en) 1989-01-30

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