EP0298178A1 - Method and gauge for making a truss - Google Patents

Method and gauge for making a truss Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0298178A1
EP0298178A1 EP87401611A EP87401611A EP0298178A1 EP 0298178 A1 EP0298178 A1 EP 0298178A1 EP 87401611 A EP87401611 A EP 87401611A EP 87401611 A EP87401611 A EP 87401611A EP 0298178 A1 EP0298178 A1 EP 0298178A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
vertical
face
panels
shell
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Application number
EP87401611A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean Louis E. Susanne
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority to FR8600227A priority Critical patent/FR2592678B1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP87401611A priority patent/EP0298178A1/en
Publication of EP0298178A1 publication Critical patent/EP0298178A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
    • B27M3/0073—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by nailing, stapling or screwing connections

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for prefabricating a "shell", that is to say a house element comprising a wall and a roof integral with each other and forming between them a determined obtuse angle.
  • a shell is constituted by a generally wooden frame, comprising long longitudinal butts in one piece, corresponding to both the wall and the roof and must therefore have the obtuse angle determined, said sticks being kept parallel to each other by transverse spacers.
  • the outer part of the framework is covered with a waterproof protective film which is held by longitudinal battens respectively fixed opposite the sticks, a plate of a material such as plywood protected by a paint that can be fixed on said part exterior at wall level.
  • the cells delimited by the sticks and the spacers are filled with an insulating material such as glass wool and the interior part of the framework is covered with a waterproof film, plates made of a material such as an agglomerate being able to be fixed on said interior part at the level of the wall and / or the roof.
  • templates are known at the present time comprising two fixed panels placed directly on the ground or on a horizontal support, one of the panels being arranged horizontally and the other panel being inclined according to the obtuse angle determined or else the two panels being inclined more or less symmetrically so as to make them said obtuse angle, thus making it possible to carry out the relative operations the manufacture of the framework and the interior part of a shell in the flat position, the wall and the roof being produced against the respective interior surfaces of the two panels, while the operations relating to the filling of the cells and to the manufacture of the external part of the framework are carried out after extracting said framework from the template and having it tilted either to the side or upside down.
  • the operation consisting in extracting said shell from the template and tilting it to the position on the side or the upside down position to be able to fill the cells and fix the necessary elements on the external part of the framework proves to be a difficult and delicate operation insofar as it involves manually or mechanically tilting a shell having large dimensions and a relatively large weight while some interior parts of the frame are constituted by a simple waterproof film that the slightest awkwardness could deteriorate.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the drawbacks indicated above by providing a method and a template by which it is possible to achieve all the desired obtuse angles without changing the device and by which the tilting of the shell to the desired position. takes place without any difficulty or risk of deterioration of the finished part of the framework.
  • a method for prefabricating a hull comprising a wall and a roof integral with one another and making between them a determined obtuse angle, of the type consisting in making the hull in the supine position on the side , i.e.
  • a first face of the dihedron is rotated around the vertical edge until it makes the determined angle with the second face and this first face is wedged in rotation and after said production of the shell, the shell is momentarily secured against the second face of the dihedral, the two are uncoupled dihedral faces, the second face is pivoted with the shell outwards, about a horizontal axis corresponding substantially to the line of contact of this second face with the horizontal plane, until the shell reaches a position flat on an independent plate, the shell is separated from the second face, the second face is rotated in the opposite direction until it reaches the initial position and the two faces of the dihedron are coupled again.
  • the template according to the invention comprises a base comprising two fixed wings forming between them an elbow and each having a flat horizontal upper surface, said surfaces being located at approximately the same height, two panels vertical, each arranged on one of the wings of the base and associated with each other, at the elbow, by a vertical articulation axis, a rotary drive device intended to rotate the first panel around the vertical articulation axis until said panel reaches an angular adjustment position for which the outer surfaces of the two panels form a determined obtuse angle between them, a device for wedging the first panel in said angular adjustment position , a device for detachably fixing the shell to the second panel, and a tilting device intended to pivot the second panel about a horizontal axis situated in the sensit also at the line of intersection of the outer surface of the second panel with the upper surface of the corresponding wing, between the vertical position and a external position for which the shell is substantially flat on an independent plate.
  • the two vertical panels are connected to each other by a removable vertical hinge pin.
  • the two vertical panels are separated from each other, the base comprising a fixed vertical pillar disposed between the wings, at the elbow, and comprising an external surface located in the same plane as the external surface of the second panel but separated from the latter by an interval, the first panel being connected to the pillar by a fixed vertical articulation axis.
  • the first panel preferably comprises a bracket integral with the fixed vertical articulation axis, the latter bearing on the pillar and, in all cases, each of the two vertical panels has at its lower part a flange horizontal oriented outwards, the edges of the two panels being arranged at the same height when these panels both occupy the vertical position.
  • the rotary drive device comprises a frame integral with the inner surface of the first panel and carried by rollers which can be driven in rotation on a tread formed on the corresponding wing of the base and provided with pins each corresponding to a angular adjustment position for which the outer surfaces of the two panels form a determined obtuse angle between them, -
  • the horizontal axis is rotatably mounted in transverse lugs protruding below the second panel and behind its outer surface and in transverse elements of the structure of the corresponding wing
  • the lugs may include a guide extension longitudinal cooperating with an orifice formed in said wing and having a shape complementary to that of the cross section of the extension
  • the tilting device comprises at least one double-acting cylinder, the piston rod of which is articulated on a frame integral with the interior surface of the second panel and the cylinder body of which is articulated on the corresponding wing of the base, the device removable fixing which may include at least one clamp, -
  • the vertical axis is rotatably mounted
  • these illustrate the method according to the invention for prefabricating a shell 1 shown diagrammatically in phantom and comprising a wall 2 and a roof 3 which are integral with one another and form between them a obtuse angle determined ⁇ .
  • the method is of the type consisting in making the shell 1 in the supine position on the side, that is to say in making the wall 2 and the roof 3 against the respective external surfaces of the two faces 4 and 5 of a dihedral with a vertical edge 6 having said angle ⁇ and arranged on a horizontal plane 7.
  • a first face 4 of the dihedral is rotated around the vertical edge 6 until it makes the determined angle ⁇ with the second face 5 and the this first rotating face is wedged.
  • said shell is momentarily secured against the second face 5 of the dihedral, the two faces 4 and 5 of the dihedral are uncoupled and the second face 5 is pivoted with the shell 1 towards the outside of the dihedral, around a horizontal axis 8 corresponding substantially to the contact line of this second face 5 with the horizontal plane 7, until the shell reaches a flat position on an independent plate 9.
  • we separate the shell 1 of the second face 5 said second face 5 is pivoted in the opposite direction until it reaches the initial vertical position and the two faces 4 and 5 of the dihedral are coupled again.
  • a template according to the invention essentially comprises a base 10 supporting two vertical panels 11 and 12, one of which can pivot around a vertical axis 6 and the other around a horizontal axis 8.
  • the base 10 comprises two fixed wings 13 and 14 each constituted by a frame which can be sealed to the ground and forming between them an elbow.
  • Each of the wings 13 and 14 has an upper surface 15 or 16 which is planar and preferably horizontal, these two surfaces 15 and 16 being located at approximately the same height.
  • the two vertical panels 11 and 12 are held flat by frames surrounded by stiffening frames which need not be described in detail. These panels are each arranged on one of the wings 13 and 14 of the base 10 and are associated with each other, at the elbow, by the vertical articulation 6, so that their respective external surfaces 17 and 18 make between them the determined obtuse angle ⁇ .
  • the two vertical panels 11 and 12 are connected to each other by a removable vertical axis 6 or by several removable vertical axes 6 arranged in the extension of each other, the associated ends of the two panels comprising for example rounded legs and vertically interposed (not shown) so as to form one or more hinges with the removable vertical articulation axis or axes 6.
  • the two vertical panels 11 and 12 are separated from each other and the base 10 comprises a fixed vertical pillar 19 which is disposed between the wings 13 and 14 at the elbow.
  • the pillar 19 has an outer surface 20 which is located in the same plane as the outer surface 18 of the second vertical panel 12, these two coplanar exterior surfaces 18 and 20 being separated by a vertical gap 21 generally having a small but substantially constant width.
  • the first panel 11 is connected to the pillar 19 by a fixed vertical articulation axis 22, said first panel 11 possibly comprising a bracket 23 secured to said fixed vertical articulation axis 22 so that the latter can rest on pillar 19.
  • the template according to the invention comprises a rotary drive device, which is designated as a whole by 24 and which is intended to rotate the first panel 11 around the vertical axis of articulation 6, 22 up 'that said panel 11 reaches an angular adjustment position for which the outer surfaces 17, 18 of the two panels 11, 12 form between them the determined obtuse angle ⁇ , the latter possibly theoretically varying from 90 ° to 180 ° but having preferably one of the four values 150 °, 145 °, 140 ° and 135 ° which respectively correspond to roof slopes having the values 30 °, 35 °, 40 ° and 45 °.
  • the rotary drive device 24 may comprise a frame 25 integral with the interior surface 26 of the first panel 11, said surface being shown in dashed lines taking into account the stiffening frame.
  • the frame supports the panel 11 so that its outer surface 17 remains vertical and its lower surface 27 remains parallel to the upper face 15 of the corresponding wing 13 and slightly above the latter.
  • the frame 25 is supported by rollers 28 which can be driven in rotation on a tread 29 produced on the corresponding wing 13, for example at its upper face 15, said band 19 being able to be provided with markers 30 each corresponding to an angular adjustment position for which the outer surfaces 17 and 18 of the two panels 11 and 12 are between them a determined obtuse angle, for example the angle ⁇ .
  • the frame 25 can be mounted on a fixed post on the inner face 26 of the first panel 11, in which case the tread 29 is curvilinear and delimited for example by arcs of concentric circles centered on the vertical articulation axis 6 or 22. But it is also possible to connect the armature 25 to the inner face 26 of the first panel 11 by means of pivoting and support members, for example of the hinge type, in which case the tread 29 is generally straight.
  • the rotation drive can be determined by a horizontal toothed sector integral with the panel 11 and cooperating with an external pinion or by any other means, in particular by simple manual drive, the template according to the invention normally comprising a device for wedging the first panel. 11 in the desired angular adjustment position.
  • This wedging device can be constituted by shims or a brake intended to block the rollers 28, or even by simple pins such as the pin 31 passing through both the frame and the rim of one of the rollers, said rim obviously comprising peripheral holes judiciously arranged to correspond to the angular positions identified.
  • the template comprises a removable fixing device 32 intended to make the shell 1 temporarily secured to the second panel 12.
  • the removable fixing device 32 may be constituted for example by one or more clamps arranged outside the stiffening frame surrounding the second panel 12 or penetrating into an orifice provided for this purpose in the upper part of the latter.
  • the template according to the invention comprises a tilting device which is designated as a whole by 33 and which is intended to rotate the second panel 12, around a horizontal axis 34 located substantially at the level of the line of intersection. or support 8 from the surface outer 18 of the second panel 12 on the upper surface 16 of the corresponding wing 14, between the vertical position and an outer position for which the frame of the shell 1 is substantially flat on an independent plate 9.
  • the independent plate 9 corresponds to the upper surface of a carriage 35
  • this allows, after removal of the removable fixing device 32, to move the shell 1 to another work station where the cells are filled and where the internal part of the framework is put in place by another work team, while the first team rotates the second panel 12 of the template in the opposite direction until it comes up against one or two end frames 36 of which only one is shown and the upper part of which optionally includes a stop 37 delimiting the vertical position, a device for hooking and holding the frame that can be associated with it.
  • This first team can then undertake the production of a second hull framework after having modified the angle ⁇ , if necessary, by rotating the first vertical panel 11 to the new desired position.
  • the tilting device 33 comprises at least one double-acting cylinder 38, the piston rod 39 of which is articulated on a frame 40 integral with the interior surface 41 of the second panel 12, said surface being shown in dashed lines taking into account of the stiffening frame, and the body 42 of the cylinder of which is articulated on a base 43 secured to the corresponding wing 14 of the base 10.
  • the horizontal tilting axis 34 which may be a solid rod or a hollow tube, is preferably rotatably mounted, on the one hand, in transverse lugs 44 integral with the second panel 12, projecting below of the lower surface 45 of the latter and behind with respect to its external surface 18 and, on the other hand, in transverse elements (not shown) of the structure of the corresponding wing 14.
  • Said lugs 44 may have an extension 46 which allows their guidance without longitudinal displacement relative to the horizontal axis 34 because each extension 46 cooperates with a guide orifice 47 formed in said corresponding wing 14 and having a shape, for example rectangular, which is generally complementary to that of the cross section of the extension, the latter can be bent or curvilinear.
  • each of the two vertical panels 11 and 12 has at its lower part a horizontal flange 48, 49, which is oriented towards the outside and which extends the lower surface 27 or 45 of the panel considered. It is obvious that the edges 48 and 49 of the two panels 11 and 12 are arranged at the same height when these panels both occupy the vertical position.
  • the outer surface 20 of the pillar 19 may include a short horizontal flange (not shown) disposed at the same height as the flanges 48 and 49, but this flange must be arranged so as not to hinder the tilting of the second panel 12 supporting the frame of shell 1 with its outer part in place.
  • the vertical articulation axis 6 or 22 can be slightly inclined towards the inside of the obtuse angle ⁇ , the flat upper surface 15, 16 of each of the wings 13 and 14 of the base 10 having preferably the same angle of inclination so as to remain perpendicular to said articulation axis 6 or 22, while the stroke of the piston of each of the jacks 38 forming the tilting device 33 of the second panel 12 has a value increased accordingly for reach the flat position on the plate 9 of the carriage 35.
  • the flat outer surfaces 17 and 18 of the panels 11 and 12 are perfectly united, but they can optionally be provided, from place to place, with small positioning shims allowing precise mounting of the sticks before the installation of the spacers, a slight inclination of panels 11 and 12 towards the interior of the obtuse angle obviously facilitating the mounting of the framework.
  • the shell 1 does not necessarily have to have at least one continuous lateral face corresponding to the maximum length of the framework insofar as it is possible to have against the horizontal flange 48 or 49 a wedge having the height and length desired to support the first lower stock having the total length desired for the frame.
  • the operation of the constituent elements of the template corresponds to the different operating phases of the process and does not need to be described in more detail, the two outer hooks of the shell 1 being able to be provided with removable gripping loops facilitating the subsequent handling of the hull finished.
  • the base 10 could comprise, at the free end of each of its fixed wings 13, 14, an extreme vertical upright rising clearly above the corresponding panel and that the vertical pillar 19 could, as to him, be extended to the height of the extreme vertical uprights.
  • a work platform forming the predetermined obtuse angle could then be suspended from cables passing over rollers provided at the upper end of the extreme vertical uprights and of the vertical pillar 19 and allow the personnel to position themselves properly in height. to prefab the hull.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Abstract

A method for making a truss (1) comprising a wall (2) and a roof (3) integral with each other and together forming a specific obtuse angle. This method, which is of the type which consists in producing the wall and the roof against the outer surfaces of the two faces (4, 5) of a dihedron with a vertical edge (6), disposed on a horizontal plane (7), is characterised in that, before producing the truss, a first face (4) of the dihedron is rotated about the vertical edge (6) until it forms the specific angle with the second face (5), and in that, after the production of the truss, the truss (1) is momentarily secured against the second face (5), the two faces (4, 5) are detached from each other, the second face (5) is pivoted with the truss (1) outwards about a horizontal axis (8) until the truss (1) attains a flat position on an independant platform level, the truss (1) is separated from the second face (5), the latter is pivoted in the opposite direction until it attains the initial position and the two faces (4, 5) are recoupled. The invention relates also to a gauge for implementing this method. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un appareil pour préfabriquer une "coque", c'est-à-dire un élément de maison comprenant un mur et un toit solidaires l'un de l'autre et faisant entre eux un angle obtus déter­miné.The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for prefabricating a "shell", that is to say a house element comprising a wall and a roof integral with each other and forming between them a determined obtuse angle.

Une coque est constituée par une ossature générale­ment en bois, comprenant de longues crosses longitudinales d'un seul tenant, correspondant à la fois au mur et au toit et devant donc présenter l'angle obtus déterminé, lesdites crosses étant maintenues parallèles entre elles par des entretoises transversales. La partie extérieure de l'ossa­ture est recouverte d'une pellicule de protection étanche qui est maintenue par des tasseaux longitudinaux respective­ment fixés en regard des crosses, une plaque d'une matière telle que du contreplaqué protégé par une peinture pouvant être fixée sur ladite partie extérieure au niveau du mur. Les alvéoles délimités par les crosses et les entretoises sont remplis d'une matière isolante telle que de la laine de verre et la partie intérieure de l'ossature est recou­verte d'une pellicule étanche, des plaques en une matière telle qu'un aggloméré pouvant être fixées sur ladite partie intérieure au niveau du mur et/ou du toit.A shell is constituted by a generally wooden frame, comprising long longitudinal butts in one piece, corresponding to both the wall and the roof and must therefore have the obtuse angle determined, said sticks being kept parallel to each other by transverse spacers. The outer part of the framework is covered with a waterproof protective film which is held by longitudinal battens respectively fixed opposite the sticks, a plate of a material such as plywood protected by a paint that can be fixed on said part exterior at wall level. The cells delimited by the sticks and the spacers are filled with an insulating material such as glass wool and the interior part of the framework is covered with a waterproof film, plates made of a material such as an agglomerate being able to be fixed on said interior part at the level of the wall and / or the roof.

La fabrication de l'ossature de la coque est parti­culièrement facilitée par l'utilisation d'un gabarit et, dans ce domaine, on connaît à l'heure actuelle des gabarits comprenant deux panneaux fixes disposés directement sur le sol ou sur un support horizontal, l'un des panneaux étant disposé horizontalement et l'autre panneau étant incliné selon l'angle obtus déterminé ou bien les deux panneaux étant inclinés plus ou moins symétriquement de manière à faire entre eux ledit angle obtus, permettant ainsi d'effec­tuer les opérations relatives à la fabrication de l'ossature et de la partie intérieure d'une coque en position à plat, le mur et le toit étant réalisés contre les surfaces inté­rieures respectives des deux panneaux, tandis que les opéra­tions relatives au remplissage des alvéoles et à la fabrica­tion de la partie extérieure de l'ossature sont effectuées après avoir extrait ladite ossature du gabarit et l'avoir fait basculer soit sur le côté, soit sens dessus dessous.The manufacture of the frame of the hull is particularly facilitated by the use of a template and, in this field, templates are known at the present time comprising two fixed panels placed directly on the ground or on a horizontal support, one of the panels being arranged horizontally and the other panel being inclined according to the obtuse angle determined or else the two panels being inclined more or less symmetrically so as to make them said obtuse angle, thus making it possible to carry out the relative operations the manufacture of the framework and the interior part of a shell in the flat position, the wall and the roof being produced against the respective interior surfaces of the two panels, while the operations relating to the filling of the cells and to the manufacture of the external part of the framework are carried out after extracting said framework from the template and having it tilted either to the side or upside down.

Ces gabarits connus présentent l'inconvénient majeur d'être constitués par des panneaux fixes, ce qui impose de changer de gabarit lorsqu'on veut fabriquer une coque dans laquelle l'angle obtus entre le toit et le mur a une valeur différente de celle de l'angle de la coque que l'on vient de réaliser. En fait, il est nécessaire de possé­der autant de gabarits à deux panneaux fixes qu'il existe d'angles obtus courants entre le mur et le toit, par example quatre gabarits pour des pentes de toit correspondant à 30°, 35°, 40° et 45°.These known templates have the major drawback of being constituted by fixed panels, which requires changing the template when it is desired to manufacture a shell in which the obtuse angle between the roof and the wall has a value different from that of the angle of the shell that we just made. In fact, it is necessary to have as many templates with two fixed panels as there are common obtuse angles between the wall and the roof, for example four templates for roof slopes corresponding to 30 °, 35 °, 40 ° and 45 °.

En outre, lorsque l'ossature de la coque et sa partie intérieure ont été réalisées le long des deux pan­neaux fixes du gabarit, l'opération consistant à extraire ladite coque du gabarit et à la faire basculer jusqu'à la position sur le côté ou la position sens dessus dessous pour pouvoir remplir les alvéoles et fixer les éléments néces­saires sur la partie extérieure de l'ossature s'avère être une opération difficile et délicate dans la mesure où il s'agit de faire basculer manuellement ou mécaniquement une coque présentant de grandes dimensions et un poids relative­ment important alors que certaines parties intérieures de l'ossature sont constituées par une simple pellicule étanche que la moindre maladresse pourrait détériorer.In addition, when the frame of the shell and its inner part have been produced along the two fixed panels of the template, the operation consisting in extracting said shell from the template and tilting it to the position on the side or the upside down position to be able to fill the cells and fix the necessary elements on the external part of the framework proves to be a difficult and delicate operation insofar as it involves manually or mechanically tilting a shell having large dimensions and a relatively large weight while some interior parts of the frame are constituted by a simple waterproof film that the slightest awkwardness could deteriorate.

La présente invention vise à remédier aux inconvé­nients indiqués ci-dessus en fournissant un procédé et un gabarit grâce auxquels il est possible de réaliser tous les angles obtus désirés sans changer d'appareil et grâce aux­quels le basculement de la coque jusqu'à la position voulue s'effectue sans aucune difficulté ni aucun risque de dété­rioration de la partie terminée de l'ossature.The present invention aims to remedy the drawbacks indicated above by providing a method and a template by which it is possible to achieve all the desired obtuse angles without changing the device and by which the tilting of the shell to the desired position. takes place without any difficulty or risk of deterioration of the finished part of the framework.

Plus précisément, dans un procédé selon l'invention pour préfabriquer une coque comportant un mur et un toit solidaires l'un de l'autre et faisant entre eux un angle obtus déterminé, du type consistant à réaliser la coque en position couchée sur le côté, c'est-à-dire à réaliser le mur et le toit contre les surfaces extérieures respectives des deux faces d'un dièdre à arête verticale présentant ledit angle et disposé sur un plan horizontal, avant ladite réalisation de la coque, on fait tourner une première face du dièdre autour de l'arête verticale jusqu'à ce qu'elle fasse l'angle déterminé avec la seconde face et l'on cale cette première face en rotation et après ladite réalisation de la coque, on assujettit momentanément la coque contre la seconde face du dièdre, on désaccouple les deux faces du dièdre, on fait pivoter la seconde face avec la coque vers l'extérieur, autour d'un axe horizontal correspondant sensiblement à la ligne de contact de cette seconde face avec le plan horizontal, jusqu'à ce que la coque atteigne une position à plat sur un plateau indépendant, on sépare la coque de la seconde face, on fait pivoter cette seconde face en sens inverse jusqu'à ce qu'elle atteigne la position initiale et l'on accouple à nouveau les deux faces du dièdre.More specifically, in a method according to the invention for prefabricating a hull comprising a wall and a roof integral with one another and making between them a determined obtuse angle, of the type consisting in making the hull in the supine position on the side , i.e. to carry out the wall and roof against the respective external surfaces of the two faces of a dihedron with a vertical edge having said angle and arranged on a horizontal plane, before said realization of the shell, a first face of the dihedron is rotated around the vertical edge until it makes the determined angle with the second face and this first face is wedged in rotation and after said production of the shell, the shell is momentarily secured against the second face of the dihedral, the two are uncoupled dihedral faces, the second face is pivoted with the shell outwards, about a horizontal axis corresponding substantially to the line of contact of this second face with the horizontal plane, until the shell reaches a position flat on an independent plate, the shell is separated from the second face, the second face is rotated in the opposite direction until it reaches the initial position and the two faces of the dihedron are coupled again.

Pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé ci-dessus, le gabarit selon l'invention comprend un socle comportant deux ailes fixes formant entre elles un coude et présentant chacune une surface supérieure horizontale plane, lesdites surfaces étant situées approximativement à la même hauteur, deux panneaux verticaux disposés chacun sur l'une des ailes du socle et associés l'un à l'autre, au niveau du coude, par un axe d'articulation vertical, un dispositif d'entraî­nement en rotation destiné à faire tourner le premier panneau autour de l'axe d'articulation vertical jusqu'à ce que ledit panneau atteigne une position de réglage angulaire pour laquelle les surfaces extérieures des deux panneaux font entre elles l'angle obtus déterminé, un dispositif de calage du premier panneau dans ladite position de réglage angulaire, un dispositif de fixation amovible de la coque sur le second panneau, et un dispositif de basculement destiné à faire pivoter le second panneau, autour d'un axe horizontal situé sensiblement au niveau de ligne d'intersection de la surface extérieure du second panneau avec la surface supérieure de l'aile correspondante, entre la position verticale et une position extérieure pour laquelle la coque est sensiblement à plat sur un plateau indépendant.For the implementation of the above method, the template according to the invention comprises a base comprising two fixed wings forming between them an elbow and each having a flat horizontal upper surface, said surfaces being located at approximately the same height, two panels vertical, each arranged on one of the wings of the base and associated with each other, at the elbow, by a vertical articulation axis, a rotary drive device intended to rotate the first panel around the vertical articulation axis until said panel reaches an angular adjustment position for which the outer surfaces of the two panels form a determined obtuse angle between them, a device for wedging the first panel in said angular adjustment position , a device for detachably fixing the shell to the second panel, and a tilting device intended to pivot the second panel about a horizontal axis situated in the sensit also at the line of intersection of the outer surface of the second panel with the upper surface of the corresponding wing, between the vertical position and a external position for which the shell is substantially flat on an independent plate.

Selon une forme de réalisation possible du gabarit, les deux panneaux verticaux sont reliés l'un à l'autre par un axe d'articulation vertical amovible. Par contre, selon la forme de réalisation préférée du gabarit, les deux pan­neaux verticaux sont séparés l'un de l'autre, le socle com­prenant un pilier vertical fixe disposé entre les ailes, au niveau du coude, et comportant une surface extérieure située dans le même plan que la surface extérieure du second panneau mais séparée de cette dernière par un intervalle, le premier panneau étant relié au pilier par un axe d'arti­culation vertical fixe. Dans ce dernier cas, le premier panneau comporte de préférence une potence solidaire de l'axe d'articulation vertical fixe, ce dernier prenant appui sur le pilier et, dans tous les cas, chacun des deux pan­neaux verticaux comporte à sa partie inférieure un rebord horizontal orienté vers l'extérieur, les rebords des deux panneaux étant disposés à la même hauteur lorsque ces panneaux occupent tous deux la position verticale.According to a possible embodiment of the template, the two vertical panels are connected to each other by a removable vertical hinge pin. On the other hand, according to the preferred embodiment of the template, the two vertical panels are separated from each other, the base comprising a fixed vertical pillar disposed between the wings, at the elbow, and comprising an external surface located in the same plane as the external surface of the second panel but separated from the latter by an interval, the first panel being connected to the pillar by a fixed vertical articulation axis. In the latter case, the first panel preferably comprises a bracket integral with the fixed vertical articulation axis, the latter bearing on the pillar and, in all cases, each of the two vertical panels has at its lower part a flange horizontal oriented outwards, the edges of the two panels being arranged at the same height when these panels both occupy the vertical position.

Suivant d'autres caractéristiques du gabarit selon l'invention :
    - le dispositif d'entraînement en rotation comprend une armature solidaire de la surface intérieure du premier panneau et portée par des roulettes pouvant être entraînées en rotation sur une bande de roulement réalisée sur l'aile correspondante du socle et munie de repères correspondant chacun à une position de réglage angulaire pour laquelle les surfaces extérieures des deux panneaux font entre elles un angle obtus déterminé,
    - l'axe horizontal est monté à rotation dans des pattes transversales faisant saillie au-dessous du second panneau et en arrière de sa surface extérieure et dans des éléments transversaux de la structure de l'aile corrspon­dante, les pattes pouvant comporter un prolongement de gui­dage longitudinal coopérant avec un orifice ménagé dans ladite aile et présentant une forme complémentaire de celle de la section droite du prolongement,
    - le dispositif de basculement comprend au moins un vérin à double effet, dont la tige du piston est articu­lée sur une armature solidaire de la surface intérieure du second panneau et dont le corps du cylindre est articulé sur l'aile correspondante du socle, le dispositif de fixa­tion amovible pouvant comprendre au moins un serre-joint,
    - en outre, l'axe d'articulation vertical peut être légèrement incliné vers l'intérieur de l'angle obtus, la surface supérieure plane de chacune des ailes du socle présentant de préférence le même angle d'inclinaison de manière à rester perpendiculaire audit axe d'articulation, tandis que la course du dispositif de basculement du second panneau présente une valeur augmentée en conséquence.According to other characteristics of the template according to the invention:
the rotary drive device comprises a frame integral with the inner surface of the first panel and carried by rollers which can be driven in rotation on a tread formed on the corresponding wing of the base and provided with pins each corresponding to a angular adjustment position for which the outer surfaces of the two panels form a determined obtuse angle between them,
- The horizontal axis is rotatably mounted in transverse lugs protruding below the second panel and behind its outer surface and in transverse elements of the structure of the corresponding wing, the lugs may include a guide extension longitudinal cooperating with an orifice formed in said wing and having a shape complementary to that of the cross section of the extension,
the tilting device comprises at least one double-acting cylinder, the piston rod of which is articulated on a frame integral with the interior surface of the second panel and the cylinder body of which is articulated on the corresponding wing of the base, the device removable fixing which may include at least one clamp,
- In addition, the vertical articulation axis can be slightly inclined towards the inside of the obtuse angle, the flat upper surface of each of the wings of the base preferably having the same angle of inclination so as to remain perpendicular to said articulation axis, while the stroke of the tilting device of the second panel has a value increased accordingly.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront mieux de la description qui va suivre, faite en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels:

  • la figure 1 représente une vue de face de l'ensem­ble du gabarit et illustre l'essentiel du procédé selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 représente une vue de dessus corres­pondant à la figure 1, le panneau à pivotement autour de l'axe vertical occupant une position parallèle à celle de l'aile de support associée,
  • la figure 3 représente une vue de côté de la partie pivotante autour de l'axe vertical, la partie basculant autour de l'axe horizontal ayant été supprimée à des fins de clarté,
  • la figure 4 représente une vue de côté de la partie basculant autour de l'axe horizontal, le panneau associé étant représenté en position verticale ou non basculée et la partie pivotant autour de l'axe vertical ayant été sup­primée à des fins de clarté,
  • la figure 5 représente une vue de côté similaire à celle de la figure 4, la partie basculant autour de l'axe horizontal étant représentée avec son panneau associé en position basculée ou à plat sur un chariot, et
  • la figure 6 représente une vue en coupe partielle suivant la ligne VI-VI de la figure 1 d'un détail du dis­positif de basculement autour de l'axe horizontal.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge more clearly from the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents a front view of the entire template and illustrates the essentials of the method according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 represents a top view corresponding to FIG. 1, the panel pivoting about the vertical axis occupying a position parallel to that of the associated support wing,
  • FIG. 3 represents a side view of the part pivoting around the vertical axis, the part rocking around the horizontal axis having been deleted for the sake of clarity,
  • FIG. 4 represents a side view of the part tilting around the horizontal axis, the associated panel being shown in a vertical or non-tilted position and the part pivoting around the vertical axis having been removed for clarity purposes,
  • FIG. 5 represents a side view similar to that of FIG. 4, the part tilting around the horizontal axis being represented with its associated panel in tilted or flat position on a trolley, and
  • 6 shows a partial sectional view along line VI-VI of Figure 1 of a detail of the tilting device around the horizontal axis.

Sur ces dessins, les mêmes références désignent les mêmes éléments.In these drawings, the same references designate the same elements.

En se référant aux figures, celles-ci illustrent le procédé selon l'invention pour préfabriquer une coque 1 représentée schématiquement en traits mixtes et comportant un mur 2 et un toit 3 qui sont solidaires l'un de l'autre et font entre eux un angle obtus déterminé α. Comme cela est représenté sur les figures, le procédé est du type con­sistant à réaliser la coque 1 en position couchée sur le côté, c'est-à-dire à réaliser le mur 2 et le toit 3 contre les surfaces extérieures respectives des deux faces 4 et 5 d'un dièdre à arête verticale 6 présentant ledit angle α et disposé sur un plan horizontal 7.Referring to the figures, these illustrate the method according to the invention for prefabricating a shell 1 shown diagrammatically in phantom and comprising a wall 2 and a roof 3 which are integral with one another and form between them a obtuse angle determined α. As shown in the figures, the method is of the type consisting in making the shell 1 in the supine position on the side, that is to say in making the wall 2 and the roof 3 against the respective external surfaces of the two faces 4 and 5 of a dihedral with a vertical edge 6 having said angle α and arranged on a horizontal plane 7.

Selon l'invention, avant la réalisation de la coque 1, on fait tourner une première face 4 du dièdre autour de l'arête verticale 6 jusqu'à ce qu'elle fasse l'angle déter­miné α avec la seconde face 5 et l'on cale cette première face en rotation. Après la réalisation de la coque 1, on assujettit momentanément ladite coque contre la seconde face 5 du dièdre, on désaccouple les deux faces 4 et 5 du dièdre et l'on fait pivoter la seconde face 5 avec la coque 1 vers l'extérieur du dièdre, autour d'un axe horizontal 8 corres­pondant sensiblement à la ligne de contact de cette seconde face 5 avec le plan horizontal 7, jusqu'à ce que la coque atteigne une position à plat sur un plateau indépendant 9. Après quoi, on sépare la coque 1 de la seconde face 5, on fait pivoter ladite seconde face 5 en sens inverse jusqu'à ce qu'elle atteigne la position verticale initiale et l'on accouple à nouveau les deux faces 4 et 5 du dièdre.According to the invention, before the shell 1 is made, a first face 4 of the dihedral is rotated around the vertical edge 6 until it makes the determined angle α with the second face 5 and the this first rotating face is wedged. After the shell 1 has been made, said shell is momentarily secured against the second face 5 of the dihedral, the two faces 4 and 5 of the dihedral are uncoupled and the second face 5 is pivoted with the shell 1 towards the outside of the dihedral, around a horizontal axis 8 corresponding substantially to the contact line of this second face 5 with the horizontal plane 7, until the shell reaches a flat position on an independent plate 9. After which, we separate the shell 1 of the second face 5, said second face 5 is pivoted in the opposite direction until it reaches the initial vertical position and the two faces 4 and 5 of the dihedral are coupled again.

Comme cela sera mieux compris en se référant à la suite de la présente description, il existe certains cas où la phase opératoire consistant à désaccoupler les deux faces 4 et 5 du dièdre et la phase opératoire consistant à accoupler à nouveau ces deux faces 4 et 5 du dièdre peu­vent être supprimées, ce qui rend le procédé selon l'inven­tion encore plus simple et plus rapide dans son exécution.As will be better understood by referring to the remainder of this description, there are certain cases where the operating phase consisting of uncoupling the two faces 4 and 5 of the dihedral and the operating phase consisting to re-couple these two faces 4 and 5 of the dihedral can be omitted, which makes the method according to the invention even simpler and faster in its execution.

D'une façon générale, pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé ci-dessus, un gabarit selon l'invention comprend essentiellement un socle 10 supportant deux panneaux verti­caux 11 et 12, dont l'un peut pivoter autour d'un axe verti­cal 6 et l'autre autour d'un axe horizontal 8.In general, for the implementation of the above method, a template according to the invention essentially comprises a base 10 supporting two vertical panels 11 and 12, one of which can pivot around a vertical axis 6 and the other around a horizontal axis 8.

Plus précisément, le socle 10 comporte deux ailes fixes 13 et 14 constituées chacune par un bâti pouvant être scellé au sol et formant entre elles un coude. Chacune des ailes 13 et 14 présente une surface supérieure 15 ou 16 qui est plane et de préférence horizontale, ces deux surfaces 15 et 16 étant situées approximativement à la même hauteur.More specifically, the base 10 comprises two fixed wings 13 and 14 each constituted by a frame which can be sealed to the ground and forming between them an elbow. Each of the wings 13 and 14 has an upper surface 15 or 16 which is planar and preferably horizontal, these two surfaces 15 and 16 being located at approximately the same height.

Les deux panneaux verticaux 11 et 12 sont main­tenus plans par des charpentes entourées de cadres raidis­seurs n'ayant pas lieu d'être décrits en détail. Ces panneaux sont disposés chacun sur l'une des ailes 13 et 14 du socle 10 et sont associés l'un à l'autre, au niveau du coude, par l'articulation verticale 6, de telle sorte que leurs sur­faces extérieures respectives 17 et 18 font entre elles l'angle obtus déterminé α.The two vertical panels 11 and 12 are held flat by frames surrounded by stiffening frames which need not be described in detail. These panels are each arranged on one of the wings 13 and 14 of the base 10 and are associated with each other, at the elbow, by the vertical articulation 6, so that their respective external surfaces 17 and 18 make between them the determined obtuse angle α.

Selon une forme de réalisation possible, les deux panneaux verticaux 11 et 12 sont reliés l'un à l'autre par un axe vertical amovible 6 ou par plusieurs axes verticaux amovibles 6 disposés dans le prolongement les uns des autres, les extrémités associées des deux panneaux comportant par exemple des pattes arrondies et intercalées verticalement (non représentées) de manière à former une ou plusieurs char­nières avec le ou les axes d'articulation verticaux amovibles 6.According to a possible embodiment, the two vertical panels 11 and 12 are connected to each other by a removable vertical axis 6 or by several removable vertical axes 6 arranged in the extension of each other, the associated ends of the two panels comprising for example rounded legs and vertically interposed (not shown) so as to form one or more hinges with the removable vertical articulation axis or axes 6.

Selon une forme de réalisation préférée, les deux panneaux verticaux 11 et 12 sont séparés l'un de l'autre et le socle 10 comprend un pilier vertical fixe 19 qui est disposé entre les ailes 13 et 14 au niveau du coude. Le pilier 19 présente une surface extérieure 20 qui est située dans le même plan que la surface extérieure 18 du second panneau vertical 12, ces deux surfaces extérieures copla­naires 18 et 20 étant séparées par un intervalle vertical 21 présentant généralement une largeur faible mais sensi­blement constante. Dans cette forme de réalisation préférée du gabarit selon l'invention, le premier panneau 11 est relié au pilier 19 par un axe d'articulation vertical fixe 22, ledit premier panneau 11 pouvant comporter une potence 23 solidaire dudit axe d'articulation vertical fixe 22 de manière que ce dernier puisse prendre appui sur le pilier 19.According to a preferred embodiment, the two vertical panels 11 and 12 are separated from each other and the base 10 comprises a fixed vertical pillar 19 which is disposed between the wings 13 and 14 at the elbow. The pillar 19 has an outer surface 20 which is located in the same plane as the outer surface 18 of the second vertical panel 12, these two coplanar exterior surfaces 18 and 20 being separated by a vertical gap 21 generally having a small but substantially constant width. In this preferred embodiment of the template according to the invention, the first panel 11 is connected to the pillar 19 by a fixed vertical articulation axis 22, said first panel 11 possibly comprising a bracket 23 secured to said fixed vertical articulation axis 22 so that the latter can rest on pillar 19.

En outre, le gabarit selon l'invention comprend un dispositif d'entraînement en rotation, qui est désigné dans son ensemble par 24 et qui est destiné à faire tourner le premier panneau 11 autour de l'axe d'articulation verti­cal 6, 22 jusqu'à ce que ledit panneau 11 atteigne une posi­tion de réglage angulaire pour laquelle les surfaces exté­rieures 17, 18 des deux panneaux 11, 12 font entre elles l'angle obtus déterminé α , ce dernier pouvant théoriquement varier de 90° à 180° mais ayant de préférence l'une des quatre valeurs 150°, 145°, 140° et 135° qui correspondent respectivement à des pentes de toit ayant pour valeurs 30°, 35°, 40° et 45°.In addition, the template according to the invention comprises a rotary drive device, which is designated as a whole by 24 and which is intended to rotate the first panel 11 around the vertical axis of articulation 6, 22 up 'that said panel 11 reaches an angular adjustment position for which the outer surfaces 17, 18 of the two panels 11, 12 form between them the determined obtuse angle α, the latter possibly theoretically varying from 90 ° to 180 ° but having preferably one of the four values 150 °, 145 °, 140 ° and 135 ° which respectively correspond to roof slopes having the values 30 °, 35 °, 40 ° and 45 °.

Par exemple, le dispositif d'entraînement en rota­tion 24 peut comprendre une armature 25 solidaire de la surface intérieure 26 du premier panneau 11, ladite surface étant représentée en traits interrompus compte tenu du cadre raidisseur. L'armature supporte le panneau 11 de telle sorte que sa surface extérieure 17 reste verticale et que sa sur­face inférieure 27 reste parallèle à la face supérieure 15 de l'aile correspondante 13 et légèrement au-dessus de cette dernière. De préférence, l'armature 25 est supportée par des roulettes 28 pouvant être entraînées en rotation sur une bande de roulement 29 réalisée sur l'aile correspondante 13, par exemple au niveau de sa face supérieure 15, ladite bande 19 pouvant être munie de repères 30 correspondant chacun à une position de réglage angulaire pour laquelle les sur­faces extérieures 17 et 18 des deux panneaux 11 et 12 font entre elles un angle obtus déterminé, par exemple l'angle α.For example, the rotary drive device 24 may comprise a frame 25 integral with the interior surface 26 of the first panel 11, said surface being shown in dashed lines taking into account the stiffening frame. The frame supports the panel 11 so that its outer surface 17 remains vertical and its lower surface 27 remains parallel to the upper face 15 of the corresponding wing 13 and slightly above the latter. Preferably, the frame 25 is supported by rollers 28 which can be driven in rotation on a tread 29 produced on the corresponding wing 13, for example at its upper face 15, said band 19 being able to be provided with markers 30 each corresponding to an angular adjustment position for which the outer surfaces 17 and 18 of the two panels 11 and 12 are between them a determined obtuse angle, for example the angle α.

L'armature 25 peut être montée à poste fixe sur la face intérieure 26 du premier panneau 11, auquel cas la bande de roulement 29 est curviligne et délimitée par exem­ple par des arcs de cercles concentriques centrés sur l'axe d'articulation vertical 6 ou 22. Mais il est possible égale­ment de relier l'armature 25 à la face intérieure 26 du premier panneau 11 au moyen d'organes de pivotement et de support, par exemple du genre paumelles, auquel cas la bande de roulement 29 est généralement rectiligne.The frame 25 can be mounted on a fixed post on the inner face 26 of the first panel 11, in which case the tread 29 is curvilinear and delimited for example by arcs of concentric circles centered on the vertical articulation axis 6 or 22. But it is also possible to connect the armature 25 to the inner face 26 of the first panel 11 by means of pivoting and support members, for example of the hinge type, in which case the tread 29 is generally straight.

L'entraînement en rotation peut être déterminé par un secteur denté horizontal solidaire du panneau 11 et coo­pérant avec un pignon extérieur ou par tout autre moyen, notamment par simple entraînement manuel, le gabarit selon l'invention comprenant normalement un dispositif de calage du premier panneau 11 dans la position de réglage angulaire désirée. Ce dispositif de calage peut être constitué par des cales ou un frein destinés à bloquer les roulettes 28 , ou encore par de simples goupilles telles que la goupille 31 traversant à la fois l'armature et la jante de l'une des roulettes, ladite jante comportant évidemment des perçages périphériques judicieusement ménagés pour correspondre aux positions angulaires repérées.The rotation drive can be determined by a horizontal toothed sector integral with the panel 11 and cooperating with an external pinion or by any other means, in particular by simple manual drive, the template according to the invention normally comprising a device for wedging the first panel. 11 in the desired angular adjustment position. This wedging device can be constituted by shims or a brake intended to block the rollers 28, or even by simple pins such as the pin 31 passing through both the frame and the rim of one of the rollers, said rim obviously comprising peripheral holes judiciously arranged to correspond to the angular positions identified.

Pour permettre un basculement ultérieur du second panneau 12 et de la coque 1 autour de l'axe horizontal 8, le gabarit comprend un dispositif 32 de fixation amovible destiné à rendre la coque 1 temporairement solidaire du second panneau 12. Le dispositif 32 de fixation amovible peut être constitué par exemple par un ou plusieurs serre-­joints disposés à extérieur du cadre raidisseur entourant le second panneau 12 ou pénétrant dans un orifice ménagé à cet effet dans la partie supérieure de ce dernier.To allow a subsequent tilting of the second panel 12 and of the shell 1 around the horizontal axis 8, the template comprises a removable fixing device 32 intended to make the shell 1 temporarily secured to the second panel 12. The removable fixing device 32 may be constituted for example by one or more clamps arranged outside the stiffening frame surrounding the second panel 12 or penetrating into an orifice provided for this purpose in the upper part of the latter.

Enfin, le gabarit selon l'invention comprend un dispositif de basculement qui est désigné dans son ensemble par 33 et qui est destiné à faire pivoter le second panneau 12, autour d'un axe horizontal 34 situé sensiblement au niveau de la ligne d'intersection ou d'appui 8 de la surface extérieure 18 du second panneau 12 sur la surface supérieure 16 de l'aile correspondante 14, entre la position verticale et une position extérieure pour laquelle l'ossature de la coque 1 est sensiblement à plat sur un plateau indépendant 9.Finally, the template according to the invention comprises a tilting device which is designated as a whole by 33 and which is intended to rotate the second panel 12, around a horizontal axis 34 located substantially at the level of the line of intersection. or support 8 from the surface outer 18 of the second panel 12 on the upper surface 16 of the corresponding wing 14, between the vertical position and an outer position for which the frame of the shell 1 is substantially flat on an independent plate 9.

Dans le cas où le plateau indépendant 9 corres­pond à la surface supérieure d'un chariot 35, celui-ci permet, après enlèvement du dispositif 32 de fixation amovi­ble, de déplacer la coque 1 jusqu'à un autre poste de travail où les alvéoles sont remplis et où la partie inté­rieure de l'ossature est mise en place par une autre équipe de travail, tandis que la première équipe fait pivoter le second panneau 12 du gabarit en sens inverse jusqu'à ce qu'il vienne buter contre un ou deux bâtis d'extrémité 36 dont un seul est représenté et dont la partie supérieure comporte éventuellement une butée 37 délimitant la position verticale, un dispositif d'accrochage et de maintien du cadre pouvant lui être associé. Cette première équipe peut alors entreprendre la réalisation d'une seconde ossature de coque après avoir modifié l'angle α , si cela est néces­saire, en faisant tourner le premier panneau vertical 11 jusqu'à la nouvelle position désirée.In the case where the independent plate 9 corresponds to the upper surface of a carriage 35, this allows, after removal of the removable fixing device 32, to move the shell 1 to another work station where the cells are filled and where the internal part of the framework is put in place by another work team, while the first team rotates the second panel 12 of the template in the opposite direction until it comes up against one or two end frames 36 of which only one is shown and the upper part of which optionally includes a stop 37 delimiting the vertical position, a device for hooking and holding the frame that can be associated with it. This first team can then undertake the production of a second hull framework after having modified the angle α, if necessary, by rotating the first vertical panel 11 to the new desired position.

De préférence, le dispositif de basculement 33 comprend au moins un vérin 38 à double effet, dont la tige 39 du piston est articulée sur une armature 40 solidaire de la surface intérieure 41 du second panneau 12, ladite surface étant représentée en traits interrompus compte tenu du cadre raidisseur, et dont le corps 42 du cylindre est articulé sur une embase 43 solidaire de l'aile correspon­dante 14 du socle 10.Preferably, the tilting device 33 comprises at least one double-acting cylinder 38, the piston rod 39 of which is articulated on a frame 40 integral with the interior surface 41 of the second panel 12, said surface being shown in dashed lines taking into account of the stiffening frame, and the body 42 of the cylinder of which is articulated on a base 43 secured to the corresponding wing 14 of the base 10.

En outre, l'axe de basculement horizontal 34, qui peut être une tige pleine ou un tube creux, est de préfé­rence monté à rotation, d'une part, dans des pattes trans­versales 44 solidaires du second panneau 12, faisant saillie au-dessous de la surface inférieure 45 de ce dernier et en arrière par rapport à sa surface extérieure 18 et, d'autre part, dans des éléments transversaux (non représen­tés) de la structure de l'aile correspondante 14. Lesdites pattes 44 peuvent comporter un prolongement 46 qui permet leur guidage sans déplacement longitudinal par rapport à l'axe horizontal 34 du fait que chaque prolongement 46 coo­père avec un orifice de guidage 47 ménagé dans ladite aile correspondante 14 et présentant une forme, par exemple rec­tangulaire, qui est généralement complémentaire de celle de la section droite du prolongement, ce dernier pouvant être coudé ou curviligne.In addition, the horizontal tilting axis 34, which may be a solid rod or a hollow tube, is preferably rotatably mounted, on the one hand, in transverse lugs 44 integral with the second panel 12, projecting below of the lower surface 45 of the latter and behind with respect to its external surface 18 and, on the other hand, in transverse elements (not shown) of the structure of the corresponding wing 14. Said lugs 44 may have an extension 46 which allows their guidance without longitudinal displacement relative to the horizontal axis 34 because each extension 46 cooperates with a guide orifice 47 formed in said corresponding wing 14 and having a shape, for example rectangular, which is generally complementary to that of the cross section of the extension, the latter can be bent or curvilinear.

Dans la pratique, chacun des deux panneaux verti­caux 11 et 12 comporte à sa partie inférieure un rebord horizontal 48, 49, qui est orienté vers l'extérieur et qui prolonge la surface inférieure 27 ou 45 du panneau consi­déré. Il est évident que les rebords 48 et 49 des deux panneaux 11 et 12 sont disposés à la même hauteur lorsque ces panneaux occupent tous deux la position verticale. En outre, la surface extérieure 20 du pilier 19 peut comporter un court rebord horizontal (non représenté) disposé à la même hauteur que les rebords 48 et 49, mais ce rebord doit être ménagé de manière à ne pas gêner le basculement du second panneau 12 supportant l'ossature de la coque 1 avec sa partie extérieure en place.In practice, each of the two vertical panels 11 and 12 has at its lower part a horizontal flange 48, 49, which is oriented towards the outside and which extends the lower surface 27 or 45 of the panel considered. It is obvious that the edges 48 and 49 of the two panels 11 and 12 are arranged at the same height when these panels both occupy the vertical position. In addition, the outer surface 20 of the pillar 19 may include a short horizontal flange (not shown) disposed at the same height as the flanges 48 and 49, but this flange must be arranged so as not to hinder the tilting of the second panel 12 supporting the frame of shell 1 with its outer part in place.

Selon une forme de réalisation avantageuse, l'axe d'articulation vertical 6 ou 22 peut être légèrement incliné vers l'intérieur de l'angle obtus α, la surface supérieure plane 15, 16 de chacune des ailes 13 et 14 du socle 10 présentant de préférence le même angle d'inclinaison de manière à rester perpendiculaire audit axe d'articulation 6 ou 22, tandis que la course du piston de chacun des vérins 38 formant le dispositif de basculement 33 du second panneau 12 présente une valeur augmentée en conséquence pour attein­dre la position à plat sur le plateau 9 du chariot 35.According to an advantageous embodiment, the vertical articulation axis 6 or 22 can be slightly inclined towards the inside of the obtuse angle α, the flat upper surface 15, 16 of each of the wings 13 and 14 of the base 10 having preferably the same angle of inclination so as to remain perpendicular to said articulation axis 6 or 22, while the stroke of the piston of each of the jacks 38 forming the tilting device 33 of the second panel 12 has a value increased accordingly for reach the flat position on the plate 9 of the carriage 35.

D'une façon générale, les surfaces extérieures planes 17 et 18 des panneaux 11 et 12 sont parfaitement unies mais elles peuvent éventuellement être munies, de place en place, de petites cales de positionnement permettant un montage précis des crosses avant la mise en place des entre­toises, une légère inclinaison des panneaux 11 et 12 vers l'intérieur de l'angle obtus facilitant à l'évidence le montage de l'ossature.In general, the flat outer surfaces 17 and 18 of the panels 11 and 12 are perfectly united, but they can optionally be provided, from place to place, with small positioning shims allowing precise mounting of the sticks before the installation of the spacers, a slight inclination of panels 11 and 12 towards the interior of the obtuse angle obviously facilitating the mounting of the framework.

Il y a lieu de noter que la coque 1 ne doit pas nécessairement présenter au moins une face latérale continue correspondant à la longueur maximale de l'ossature dans la mesure où l'on peut disposer contre le rebord horizontal 48 ou 49 une cale présentant la hauteur et la longueur vou­lues pour supporter la première crosse inférieure ayant la longueur totale désirée pour l'ossature.It should be noted that the shell 1 does not necessarily have to have at least one continuous lateral face corresponding to the maximum length of the framework insofar as it is possible to have against the horizontal flange 48 or 49 a wedge having the height and length desired to support the first lower stock having the total length desired for the frame.

Il y a lieu de noter également qu'il est préférable de réaliser la partie rectiligne la plus lourde, qu'il s'agisse du mur ou du toit, contre la surface extérieure 18 du panneau 12 destiné à pivoter autour de l'axe horizon­tal, afin d'éviter tout mouvement de basculement nuisible pour l'ensemble de l'ossature lorsque celle-ci est libérée du panneau 12 sur le plateau 9.It should also be noted that it is preferable to make the heaviest straight part, whether it is the wall or the roof, against the external surface 18 of the panel 12 intended to pivot around the horizontal axis. , in order to avoid any tilting movement harmful to the entire frame when the latter is released from the panel 12 on the plate 9.

Le fonctionnement des éléments constitutifs du gabarit correspond aux différentes phases opératoires du procédé et n'a pas lieu d'être décrit plus en détail, les deux crosses extérieures de la coque 1 pouvant être munies de boucles de préhension amovibles facilitant la manutention ultérieure de la coque terminée.The operation of the constituent elements of the template corresponds to the different operating phases of the process and does not need to be described in more detail, the two outer hooks of the shell 1 being able to be provided with removable gripping loops facilitating the subsequent handling of the hull finished.

Il est bien entendu que la présente invention n'a été décrite et représentée qu'à titre explicatif mais nul­lement limitatif et qu'on pourra y apporter toute modifica­tion utile, notamment dans le domaine des équivalences tech­niques, sans sortir de son cadre.It is understood that the present invention has been described and shown for explanatory purposes but in no way limitative and that any useful modification may be made to it, in particular in the field of technical equivalences, without going beyond its ambit.

Pour être complet, on notera que le socle 10 pourrait comporter à l'extrémité libre de chacune de ses ailes fixes 13, 14, un montant verti­cal extrême s'élevant nettement au-dessus du panneau correspondant et que le pilier vertical 19 pourrait, quant à lui, être prolongé jusqu'à la hau­teur des montants verticaux extrêmes. Dans ce cas, une nacelle de travail formant l'angle obtus prédéterminé pourrait alors être suspendue à des câbles passant sur des galets prévus à l'extrémité supérieure des montants verticaux extrêmes et du pilier vertical 19 et permettre au personnel de se positionner convenablement en hauteur pour préfabriquer la coque.To be complete, it will be noted that the base 10 could comprise, at the free end of each of its fixed wings 13, 14, an extreme vertical upright rising clearly above the corresponding panel and that the vertical pillar 19 could, as to him, be extended to the height of the extreme vertical uprights. In this case, a work platform forming the predetermined obtuse angle could then be suspended from cables passing over rollers provided at the upper end of the extreme vertical uprights and of the vertical pillar 19 and allow the personnel to position themselves properly in height. to prefab the hull.

Claims (10)

1. Procédé pour préfabriquer une coque (1) compor­tant un mur (2) et un toit (3) solidaires l'un de l'autre et faisant entre eux un angle obtus déterminé (α), du type consistant à réaliser la coque en position couchée sur le côté, c'est-à-dire à réaliser le mur et le toit contre les surfaces extérieures respectives des deux faces (4,5) d'un dièdre à arête verticale (6) présentant ledit angle et disposé sur un plan horizontal (7), caractérisé par le fait qu'avant ladite réalisation de la coque on fait tourner une première face (4) du dièdre autour de l'arête verticale (6) jusqu'à ce qu'elle fasse l'angle déterminé (α) avec la seconde face (5) et l'on cale cette première face (4) en rotation et qu'après ladite réalisation de la coque, on assujettit momentanément la coque (1) contre la seconde face (5) du dièdre, on désaccouple les deux faces (4,5) du dièdre, on fait pivoter la seconde face (5) avec la coque (1) vers l'extérieur, autour d'un axe horizontal (8) correspondant sensiblement à la ligne de contact de cette seconde face (5) avec le plan horizontal (7), jusqu'à ce que la coque (1) atteigne une position à plat sur un plateau indépendant (9), on sépare la coque (1) de la seconde face (5), on fait pivoter cette second face (5) en sens inverse jusqu'à ce qu'elle atteigne la position initiale et l'on accouple à nouveau les deux faces (4,5) du dièdre.1. Method for prefabricating a hull (1) comprising a wall (2) and a roof (3) integral with each other and forming between them a determined obtuse angle (α), of the type consisting in making the hull by side lying position, that is to say to realize the wall and the roof against the respective exterior surfaces of the two faces (4,5) of a dihedral with vertical edge (6) having said angle and arranged on a horizontal plane (7), characterized in that before said production of the shell, a first face (4) of the dihedral is rotated around the vertical edge (6) until it makes the determined angle (α) with the second face (5) and this first face (4) is wedged in rotation and that after said production of the shell, the shell (1) is temporarily secured against the second face (5) of the dihedral , the two faces (4,5) of the dihedral are uncoupled, the second face (5) is pivoted with the shell (1) outwards, around a horizontal axis (8) corresponding substantially to the contact line of this second face (5) with the horizontal plane (7), until the hull (1) reaches a flat position on an independent plate (9), the hull (1) is separated from the second face (5), this second face (5) is pivoted in the opposite direction until it reaches the initial position and the two faces (4,5) of the dihedron are coupled again. 2. Gabarit pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé sui­vant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'il com­prend un socle (10) comportant deux ailes fixes (13,14) formant entre elles un coude et présentant chacune une sur­face supérieure horizontale plane (15,16), lesdites surfaces étant situées approximativement à la même hauteur, deux panneaux verticaux (11, 12) disposés chacun sur l'une des ailes (13, 14) du socle (10) et associés l'un à l'autre, au niveau du coude, par un axe d'articulation vertical (6), un dispositif d'entraînement en rotation (24) destiné à faire tourner le premier panneau (11) autour de l'axe d'articulation vertical (6) jusqu'à ce que ledit panneau (11) atteigne une position de réglage angulaire pour laquelle les surfaces extérieures (17,18) des deux panneaux (11,12) font entre elles l'angle obtus déterminé (α ), un dispositif (31) de calage du premier panneau (11) dans ladite position de réglage angulaire, un dispositif (32) de fixation amovi­ble de la coque (1) sur le second panneau (12), et un dispo­sitif de basculement (33) destiné à faire pivoter le second panneau (12), autour d'un axe horizontal (34) situé sensi­blement au niveau de la ligne d'intersection (8) de la sur­face extérieure (18) du second panneau (12) avec la surface supérieure (16) de l'aile correspondante (14), entre la posi­tion verticale et une position extérieure pour laquelle la coque (1) est sensiblement à plat sur un plateau indépen­dant (9).2. Template for implementing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a base (10) comprising two fixed wings (13,14) forming between them an elbow and each having a flat horizontal upper surface (15,16), said surfaces being located at approximately the same height, two vertical panels (11, 12) each arranged on one of the wings (13, 14) of the base (10) and associated one with the other, at the elbow, by a vertical articulation axis (6), a rotary drive device (24) intended to rotate the first panel (11) around the vertical articulation axis (6) until said panel (11) reaches an angular adjustment position for which the outer surfaces (17,18) of the two panels (11,12) form between them the determined obtuse angle (α), a device (31) for wedging the first panel ( 11) in said angular adjustment position, a device (32) for removable fixing of the shell (1) on the second panel (12), and a tilting device (33) intended to pivot the second panel (12), about a horizontal axis (34) located substantially at the level of the line of intersection (8) of the outer surface (18) of the second panel (12) with the upper surface (16) of the corresponding wing (14) , between the vertical position and an external position for which the shell (1) is substantially flat on an independent plate (9). 3. Gabarit suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que les deux panneaux verticaux (11,12) sont reliés l'un à l'autre par un axe d'articulation vertical (6) amovible.3. Template according to claim 2, characterized in that the two vertical panels (11,12) are connected to each other by a vertical hinge pin (6) removable. 4. Gabarit suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que les deux panneaux verticaux (11,12) sont séparés l'un de l'autre, le socle (10) comprenant un pilier vertical fixe (19) disposé entre les ailes (13,14), au niveau du coude, et comportant une surface extérieure (20) située dans le même plan que la surface extérieure (18) du second panneau (12) mais séparée de cette dernière par un intervalle (21), le premier panneau (11) étant relié au pilier (19) par un axe d'articulation vertical fixe (22).4. Template according to claim 2, characterized in that the two vertical panels (11,12) are separated from each other, the base (10) comprising a fixed vertical pillar (19) disposed between the wings ( 13,14), at the elbow, and comprising an external surface (20) situated in the same plane as the external surface (18) of the second panel (12) but separated from the latter by an interval (21), the first panel (11) being connected to the pillar (19) by a fixed vertical hinge pin (22). 5. Gabarit suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que le premier panneau comporte une potence (23) solidaire de l'axe d'articulation vertical fixe (22), ce dernier prenant appui sur le pilier (19).5. Template according to claim 4, characterized in that the first panel comprises a bracket (23) secured to the fixed vertical articulation axis (22), the latter resting on the pillar (19). 6. Gabarit suivant l'une quelconque des revendica­tions 2 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que chacun des deux panneaux verticaux (11,12) comporte à sa partie inférieure un rebord horizontal (48,49) orienté vers l'extérieur, les rebords des deux panneaux étant disposés à la même hauteur lorsque ces deux panneaux occupent tous deux la position verticale.6. Template according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that each of the two vertical panels (11,12) has at its lower part a horizontal flange (48,49) oriented outwards, the flanges of the two panels being arranged at the same height when these two panels both occupy the position vertical. 7. Gabarit suivant l'une quelconque des revendica­tions 2 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif (24) d'entraînement en rotation comprend une armature (25) soli­daire de la surface intérieure (26) du premier panneau (11) et portée par des roulettes (28) pouvant être entraînées en rotation sur une bande de roulement (29) réalisée sur l'aile (13) correspondante du socle (10) et munie de repères (30) correspondant chacun à une position de réglage angu­laire pour laquelle les surfaces extérieures (17,18) des deux panneaux (11,12) font entre elles un angle obtus déter­miné (α).7. Template according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the device (24) for driving in rotation comprises a frame (25) integral with the interior surface (26) of the first panel (11) and carried by castors (28) which can be rotated on a tread (29) formed on the wing (13) corresponding to the base (10) and provided with pins (30) each corresponding to an angular adjustment position for which the outer surfaces (17,18) of the two panels (11,12) form between them a determined obtuse angle (α). 8. Gabarit suivant l'une quelconque des revendi­cations 2 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que l'axe horizontal (34) est monté à rotation dans des pattes transversales (44) faisant saillie au-dessous du second panneau (12) et en arrière de sa surface extérieure (18) et dans des éléments transversaux de la structure de l'aile correspondante (14), les pattes pouvant comporter un prolongement (46) de guidage longitudinal coopérant avec un orifice (47) ménagé dans ladite aile et présentant une forme complémentaire de celle de la section droite du prolongement.8. Template according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the horizontal axis (34) is rotatably mounted in transverse lugs (44) projecting below the second panel (12) and in rear of its outer surface (18) and in transverse elements of the structure of the corresponding wing (14), the tabs may include an extension (46) of longitudinal guide cooperating with an orifice (47) formed in said wing and having a shape complementary to that of the cross section of the extension. 9. Gabarit suivant l'une quelconque des revendi­cations 2 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de basculement (33) comprend au moins un vérin (38) à double effet, dont la tige (39) du piston est articulée sur une armature (40) solidaire de la surface intérieure (41) du second panneau (12) et dont le corps (42) du cylindre est articulé sur l'aile correspondante (14) du socle (10), le dispositif (32) de fixation amovible pouvant comprendre au moins un serre-joint.9. Template according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the tilting device (33) comprises at least one jack (38) double-acting, the rod (39) of the piston is articulated on a frame (40) integral with the inner surface (41) of the second panel (12) and the body (42) of the cylinder of which is articulated on the corresponding wing (14) of the base (10), the fixing device (32) removable which may include at least one clamp. 10. Gabarit suivant l'une quelconque des revendi­cations 2 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que l'axe d'articula­tion vertical (6, 22) est légèrement incliné vers l'inté­rieur de l'angle obtus (α), la surface supérieure plane (15, 16) de chacune des ailes (13,14) du socle (10) présentant de préférence le même angle d'inclinaison de manière à rester perpendiculaire audit axe d'articulation, tandis que la course du dispositif de basculement (33) du second panneau (12) présente une valeur augmentée en conséquence.10. Template according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the vertical articulation axis (6, 22) is slightly inclined towards the inside of the obtuse angle (α), the upper surface plane (15, 16) of each of the wings (13,14) of the base (10) preferably having the same angle of inclination so as to remain perpendicular to said axis of articulation, while the stroke of the tilting device (33) of the second panel (12) has a value increased accordingly.
EP87401611A 1986-01-09 1987-07-08 Method and gauge for making a truss Withdrawn EP0298178A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8600227A FR2592678B1 (en) 1986-01-09 1986-01-09 PROCESS AND TEMPLATE FOR PREFABRICATING A HULL FOR THE BUILDING INDUSTRY
EP87401611A EP0298178A1 (en) 1987-07-08 1987-07-08 Method and gauge for making a truss

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87401611A EP0298178A1 (en) 1987-07-08 1987-07-08 Method and gauge for making a truss

Publications (1)

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EP0298178A1 true EP0298178A1 (en) 1989-01-11

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EP87401611A Withdrawn EP0298178A1 (en) 1986-01-09 1987-07-08 Method and gauge for making a truss

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EP (1) EP0298178A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111705662A (en) * 2020-05-22 2020-09-25 中建三局集团有限公司 Deformable frame suitable for inclined structure construction

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2122254A5 (en) * 1971-01-14 1972-08-25 Moehlenpar Walter
US3945630A (en) * 1975-05-09 1976-03-23 Brunemann James C Assembly support for pre-fabricating building panels
US4077106A (en) * 1977-04-13 1978-03-07 Betty A. Lichenstein Pallet making assembly

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2122254A5 (en) * 1971-01-14 1972-08-25 Moehlenpar Walter
US3945630A (en) * 1975-05-09 1976-03-23 Brunemann James C Assembly support for pre-fabricating building panels
US4077106A (en) * 1977-04-13 1978-03-07 Betty A. Lichenstein Pallet making assembly

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111705662A (en) * 2020-05-22 2020-09-25 中建三局集团有限公司 Deformable frame suitable for inclined structure construction
CN111705662B (en) * 2020-05-22 2022-03-25 中建三局集团有限公司 Deformable frame suitable for inclined structure construction

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