EP0296570A1 - Hoch effizienter Niederdruck-Karbonator und Verfahren - Google Patents

Hoch effizienter Niederdruck-Karbonator und Verfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0296570A1
EP0296570A1 EP88109949A EP88109949A EP0296570A1 EP 0296570 A1 EP0296570 A1 EP 0296570A1 EP 88109949 A EP88109949 A EP 88109949A EP 88109949 A EP88109949 A EP 88109949A EP 0296570 A1 EP0296570 A1 EP 0296570A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
vessel
gas
carbonator
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP88109949A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mark W Hancock
Marvin M May
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Aquatec Inc
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Aquatec Inc
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/068,017 external-priority patent/US4940164A/en
Priority claimed from US07/067,803 external-priority patent/US4859376A/en
Priority claimed from US07/068,018 external-priority patent/US4850269A/en
Application filed by Aquatec Inc filed Critical Aquatec Inc
Publication of EP0296570A1 publication Critical patent/EP0296570A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D1/00—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught
    • B67D1/0042—Details of specific parts of the dispensers
    • B67D1/0057—Carbonators
    • B67D1/0069—Details
    • B67D1/0071—Carbonating by injecting CO2 in the liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/234—Surface aerating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/234—Surface aerating
    • B01F23/2341—Surface aerating by cascading, spraying or projecting a liquid into a gaseous atmosphere
    • B01F23/23413—Surface aerating by cascading, spraying or projecting a liquid into a gaseous atmosphere using nozzles for projecting the liquid into the gas atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/236—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids specially adapted for aerating or carbonating beverages
    • B01F23/2362—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids specially adapted for aerating or carbonating beverages for aerating or carbonating within receptacles or tanks, e.g. distribution machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/236—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids specially adapted for aerating or carbonating beverages
    • B01F23/2363—Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Arrangements, e.g. comprising controlling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/2366—Parts; Accessories
    • B01F23/2368—Mixing receptacles, e.g. tanks, vessels or reactors, being completely closed, e.g. hermetically closed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23762—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
    • B01F25/21—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams with submerged injectors, e.g. nozzles, for injecting high-pressure jets into a large volume or into mixing chambers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
    • B01F25/25—Mixing by jets impinging against collision plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/82—Combinations of dissimilar mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/20—Measuring; Control or regulation
    • B01F35/21—Measuring
    • B01F35/211—Measuring of the operational parameters
    • B01F35/2112—Level of material in a container or the position or shape of the upper surface of the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D1/00—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught
    • B67D1/0003—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught the beverage being a single liquid
    • B67D1/0009—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught the beverage being a single liquid the beverage being stored in an intermediate container connected to a supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D1/00—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught
    • B67D1/0042—Details of specific parts of the dispensers
    • B67D1/0057—Carbonators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D1/00—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught
    • B67D1/0042—Details of specific parts of the dispensers
    • B67D1/0057—Carbonators
    • B67D1/0061—Carbonators with cooling means
    • B67D1/0066—Carbonators with cooling means outside the carbonator
    • B67D1/0067—Cooling coil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D1/00—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught
    • B67D1/0042—Details of specific parts of the dispensers
    • B67D1/0057—Carbonators
    • B67D1/0061—Carbonators with cooling means
    • B67D1/0066—Carbonators with cooling means outside the carbonator
    • B67D1/0068—Cooling bath
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D1/00—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught
    • B67D1/08—Details
    • B67D1/0801—Details of beverage containers, e.g. casks, kegs
    • B67D2001/0812—Bottles, cartridges or similar containers
    • B67D2001/0814—Bottles, cartridges or similar containers for upside down use
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D2210/00—Indexing scheme relating to aspects and details of apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught or for controlling flow of liquids under gravity from storage containers for dispensing purposes
    • B67D2210/00028—Constructional details
    • B67D2210/00065—Constructional details related to the use of drinking cups or glasses
    • B67D2210/0007—For use with partially pre-filled cups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D2210/00—Indexing scheme relating to aspects and details of apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught or for controlling flow of liquids under gravity from storage containers for dispensing purposes
    • B67D2210/00028—Constructional details
    • B67D2210/00099—Temperature control
    • B67D2210/00118—Heating and cooling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to carbonating liquids and more particularly to improved means to prepare substantially continuous supplies of carbonated water at low gas and liquid operating pressures.
  • Certain known carbonating systems commonly operate with inlet gas pressures of 90 to 110 psi for ambient temperature carbonation.
  • the pump usually supplies liquid to the pressure vessel at pressures generally of the order of 130 pounds per square inch (psi) or greater.
  • Such high fluid pressures require costly materials and often preclude the use of inexpensive plastic components.
  • a further disadvantage of conventional systems is the difficulty of separating the pump and the carbonator. Such separation is desirable in applica­tions where safety factors or noise or system centra­lization is a consideration. System separation is presently accomplished by placing both pump and carbonator in a remote location and by running soda lines to cold plates or other cooling means close to the point of dispensing.
  • Low pressure carbonators operate at or below freezing temperatures and have means to continuously recircu­late or otherwise agitate the fluid to be carbonated. While both devices are highly efficient, neither is well suited to post mix or home beverage applica­tions. Further, the low temperatures involved are difficult to achieve in standard post-mix equipment which are in current use.
  • Still another known apparatus includes a dry refrigera­tion system, a large stainless steel carbonator tank, several syrup tanks, and means for plumbing the unit to a municipal water supply.
  • a disadvantage of this apparatus is inefficient on-line carbonation.
  • system performance relies to a substantial degree on carbonation over time by natural absorption and a large reserve supply of soda water carbonated by this process.
  • a further disadvantage of such apparatus is its inability to maintain efficient performance after dispensing several gallons of soda water due to the accumulation of atmospheric gases, as further described hereinafter.
  • a further space limiting design factor is the carbon dioxide cylinder located in the same housing as the carbonator.
  • Further disadvantages include the relatively cumbersome manual operations required to maintain the system and the waiting period of 5 to 6 hours to carbonate the volume of water.
  • Other disadvantages include the excessive use of carbon dioxide often associated with batch-type systems. Since the gas-storage pressure cylinder is one of the most costly components of a home beverage system, the number of drinks produced by a given amount of carbon dioxide is an important consideration. Excess carbon dioxide usage translates into larger storage cylinders and higher initial costs for a given performance level; or, alternative severelyly, a reduced number of drinks served for a given sized container of carbon dioxide.
  • batch-type carbonators require venting at the end of each cycle, they generally require more carbon dioxide per drink than carbonators of other designs.
  • a volume of carbon dioxide at 90 psig equal to the volume of liquid dispensed is vented during each fill cycle.
  • the vented carbon dioxide alone is substantially greater than the amount required for good beverage quality.
  • a carbona­tion pressure vessel incorporates a valve which operates only in substantially fully open and fully closed modes to reduce the pressure drop across the operating valve and thereby reduce the requisite operating pressures.
  • Such a valve permits maximum use of available munici­pal water pressure to effect carbon dioxide solvation.
  • a small booster pump may be easily added, and a pressure switch may be incorporated into a single unit allowing the pump and carbonator pressure vessel to be separated without the need for electrical wiring.
  • Reduced operating pressures permit use of a lower-cost plastic pressure vessel and plastic water-supply precooler that can be conveniently stored within a refrigerator cabinet. Gas pressures and liquid levels within the pressure vessel are automatically controlled, and high carbonation efficiency is maintained by venting accumulated atmospheric gases via secondary solvation techniques.
  • Carbonated water is withdrawn as needed from the pressure vessel and is dispensed in the manner of one embodiment that assures post mixing with flavored syrup in a container to produce a finished carbonated soft drink.
  • FIG. 1 a carbonation system which embodies several aspects of the current invention.
  • Water at ambient temperature from a source 2 enters pump assembly 4 and pump 6 via filter 8 and internal check valve 10.
  • This permits the pump to be used as a booster for line water pressure, thus minimizing the capacity and motor size required to deliver a given volume of fluid at any desired pressure.
  • Pump assembly 4 can be eliminated if the pressure at source 2 if sufficiently high for the application.
  • the pump 6, if used, may be equipped with a bypass valve 12 which is generally spring loaded to regulate and relieve excess pressure.
  • the bypass valve 12, if provided, should recirculated a minimum amount of fluid since such recirculation requires pumping energy.
  • the pressurized fluid passes through internal check valve 14 to conduit 16 and subsequently through check valve 18 and check valve 20 to the interior of the carbonator designated generally as 22.
  • Double check valves 18, 20 prevent reverse flow through the pump and may be required by certain municipal codes to protect the potable water supply.
  • the check valves may be built into valve inlet port 24 of carbonator 22.
  • Pressure vessel 22 is equipped with a mechanically-actuated diaphragm float valve 26 which includes a sensing element 28 mechanically linked to the body thereof. When the fluid level 30 and sensing element fall below a predetermined level, valve 26 opens, the pressure in conduit 16 falls to or below the pressure in the vessel and pressure switch 32 closes to supply electricity to pump 6.
  • valve 26 operates only in full “on” or full “off” modes and offers a minimum of pressure drop resistance in the "on”-mode.
  • most mechanical float valves presently available utilize a liquid level-sensing element operatively connected to a device which seats around an orifice.
  • An inherent characteristic of such valves is that effective orifice area and flow rate are a function of the position of the sensing element. In applications where a maximum fluid level shuts off the valve, the flow rate decreases and friction loss across the valve increases as the float approaches the maximum level. Such a characteristic is undesirable in carbonation applications, especially where inlet pressure is limited. Valves of this type are also prone to leak, which can be detrimental in carbonator applications.
  • the full pressure of the fluid to be carbonated is immediately available at nozzle 34. Since friction loss of any kind is a key consideration, it is desirable that all piping systems be sized for substantially zero friction loss at the desired flow.
  • valve 26 rapidly closes and the full flow of the fluid into the vessel abruptly ceases causing a rapid pressure rise in conduit 16.
  • pressure switch 32 immediately deactivates pump 6.
  • Carbon dioxide is supplied to carbonator 22 from storage cylinder 40 through an isolation valve 42, pressure regulator 44, check valve 46, and diffuser element 48.
  • the pressure in carbonator 22 is maintained by regulator 44 within the differential limits of the pressure drops caused by flow through the hydraulic devices and piping of the system.
  • Pressure gages 50 register the pressure in storage cylinder 40 and the line to carbonator 22.
  • Carbonation is brought about predominantly by one or more nozzles 34 that are disposed in carbonator 22 to direct the inlet water downwardly toward the liquid surface. As the liquid enters carbonator 22 and impinges upon the surface of the liquid 56, the gasses resident in gas space 54 become entrained in the body of liquid 56.
  • diffuser element 48 introduces small bubbles 58 of carbon dioxide gas when the gas pressure in carbonator 22 falls below the predetermined level set on regulator 44.
  • Carbonator 22 is equipped with a safety valve 52 to release pressure in the event of an overpressure condition.
  • Carbonated liquid may be withdrawn from carbonator 22 through protected outlet 60 and dispensed through post-mix cooling and dispensing equipment.
  • This equipment may include cold plate 62 and dispensing valve 64.
  • the cold plate 62 is shown disposed within an ice storage container 66 that is provided with drain means 68 for removal of liquid water therefrom.
  • Carbonator 22 may also be disposed in ice storage container 66 and supplied with cool and uncarbonated water from cooling plate 62.
  • water will pass with little friction loss through pump 6 when valve 26 is open. Thus, if adequate supply pressure is available, the pump will not be activated and carbonation will take place under supply water pressure only.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown an alternate inlet water dispersing means.
  • the water passes through a nozzle assembly 70 and is directed thereby to impact against a splash plate 72 located near the top center of carbonator 22.
  • This causes the water to be broken up into a large number of droplets 74 with large aggregate liquid surface area.
  • carbon dioxide is rapidly absorbed.
  • Further carbonation takes place as the droplets impact the walls 76 of the vessel and drop by gravity along the walls and then into the the body of liquid 56.
  • An annular drip ring 78 having a concave cross section 80 may be installed to keep the fluid off the vessel walls.
  • Secondary droplets 82 are formed at the ring and subsequently fall through the atmosphere of the vessel. Further solvation occurs when the secondary droplets 82 impact the body of liquid 56.
  • Carbonator efficiency directly affects the required gas and liquid operating pressures involved in the process.
  • the following table indicates approximate gas operating pressures required to achieve a carbonation level of about 4.2 volumes of gas per volume of water in a carbonator operating at 23.9 degrees Celcius (neglecting the heat produced by the solvation process).
  • Efficiency % Carb. Gas Pres. Req. @ 23.9 deg. C 100 66 95 70 90 74 85 79 80 85 75 92
  • Carbonation devices of a size suitable for post-mix applications have been tested for their relative effectiveness in dissolving carbon dioxide gas in the water injected through nozzle 34. It has been determined that the level of carbonation in the downwardly-directed nozzle configuration shown in Figure 1 that the efficiency of operation can be improved by adjusting the flow characteristics of nozzle 34. More specifically, higher carbonation levels have been achieved with one or more nozzles 34 having blunt or plate-like orifices, as illustrated in Figure 6, than with tapered nozzles. For a given flow and pressure, the plate-like orifice produces a slower velocity but larger diameter liquid stream. As presently understood, the liquid stream from a blunt-tip nozzle causes greater surface disturbance and increased bubble density in and penetration of the body of liquid 56.
  • Municipal and private water supplies absorb such gasses from treatment prior to delivery to the domestic consumer.
  • Municipal plants commonly aerate incoming water by allowing it to flow over graduated steps or by subjecting it to other cascading processes, and private water systems frequently use holding tanks under air pressure as a storage means prior to distribution. These latter systems are commonly used in high rise buildings to stabilize water pressures delivered to different floors. Such systems are often held at pressures of the order of 35 psi and, upon standing, can absorb over three times the amount of atmospheric gasses as possible through normal atmospheric aeration.
  • this displacement of carbon dioxide is responsible for the performance decline observed.
  • the magnitude of the overall decline is directly related to the total amount of atmospheric gasses in the input fluid. This, in turn, can be linked to the temperature and pressure at which the input fluid is aerated and is further controlled by surface area exposure and contact time with the air.
  • low-pressure carbonation is more sensitive to dissolved-air performance decreases (on a percentage basis) than is high-pressure carbonation.
  • low-temperature carbonation is more sensitive to dissolved air performance decreases that is high-temperature carbonation.
  • the latter effect is due to the steeper slope of the solubility curve for carbon dioxide in water compared with the corresponding curves of the individual atmospheric gasses in the range normally encountered in beverage applications.
  • Volumetric absorption is the volume of gas at given temperature T (not reduced to 0°C) and given pressure that can be incorporated into a given volume of uncarbonated water inside a carbonator. Within the ranges normally employed for beverage carbonation, the volumetric absorption of carbon dioxide is substantially independent of gas pressure; and Volumes refer to the measure of carbonation strength, as normally used in the art.
  • the problems of controlling carbonation level in the presence of dissolved atmospheric gasses in the inlet water are substantially resolved for warm carbonator applications in the manner described with reference to the simplified diagram of Figure 3.
  • the fluid level in carbonator 22 modulates between upper liquid level 84 and lower liquid level 86, as determined by suitable control means (not shown). These level limits define a liquid volume V l .
  • Another volume, V g is defined by upper liquid level 84 and the interior top surface 88 of carbonator 22.
  • a simplified model of carbonator operation follows, where a volume V l is dispensed through valve 64 and then replaced by fluid from source 2.
  • the pressure in gas space 90 during filling depends on the temperature of the fluid and the efficiency (defined as % of theoretical carbon dioxide solubility) of the carbonator. Assuming a 90% efficiency and no dissolved atmospheric gasses, the approximate gas pressures can be tracked as a function of carbonating temperature as follows:
  • V l As water from source 2 enters the carbonator, the volume of uncarbonated liquid, V l will absorb about 1.0 volume of gas. Thus, the volume of water entering will just absorb the volume of gas it replaces. No additional gas will enter the carbonator and the pressure in gas space 90 will remain stable at the regulator setting during the entire fill cycle.
  • the body of liquid 56 acts like a semipermeable piston to increase the pressure in gas space 90.
  • the magnitude of the increase at the end of the fill cycle will depend on the ratio V g :V l and the availability of pressure at Source 2.
  • volumetric absorption is based upon temperature. It should also be understood that volumetric absorption is adversely affected by accumulation of atmospheric gasses.
  • carbonator 22 is selectively vented of excess pressure in response to a decrease in volumetric absorption of the inlet water.
  • a change in volumetric absorption may be due to a temperature increase as previously described, or, alternatively may be due to an increase or accumulation of atmospheric gasses in gas space 90, as previously described.
  • a carbonator according to the present invention may in practice operated at about 85 psi gas pressure and about 100 psi liquid pressure and be provided with a relief valve 52 set at about 95 psi. Further, the ratio of V g :V l may be selected to provide venting based on a selected level of volumetric absorption.
  • the gas relief pressure setting is generally established at not more than 20-25 psi above the regulator pressure.
  • vent valve 94 is actuated in response to the sensing element 28 or to actuation of valve 26.
  • the flow through vent valve 94 is preferably restricted either mechanically or by timing means so that only a selected volume of gas is vented during each cycle.
  • the ratio of liquid input to gas vented may in some cases be selected by this technique. This type of venting has advantage in cold carbonating applications where the embodiment of Figure 3 is generally unusable.
  • FIG 5 there is shown an alternative venting scheme in which the gas in gas space 90 is vented in response to dispensing carbonated liquid from carbonator 22.
  • the gas in gas space 90 is vented through (or by other means responsive to the opening of) the dispensing valve 64.
  • dispensing valve 64 may include switch contacts for controlling a Solenoid-actuated valve disposed to vent gas in response to dispensing through valve 64.
  • a homogenizing chamber 100 in communication with vent tube 102.
  • the homogenizing chamber 100 is also connected to protected inlet tube 104.
  • the ratio of gas and liquid entering homogenizing chamber 100 is preset by controlling the respective sizes of gas inlet orifice 108 and protected inlet tube 104.
  • the homogenizing chamber 100 may include a series of fine screens and baffles which break up entering gas bubbles.
  • a gas/liquid slurry is delivered to choke line 106.
  • the restriction in choke line 106 allows a relatively slow, even expansion of the bubbles entrained in the liquid being dispensed.
  • the decarbonation which normally takes place when large bubbles are dispensed with liquid through valve 64 is thus minimized. As shown in Fig.
  • 6 carbonator 22 includes a shell 110 and a base 112, both molded of a plastic material such as polycarbonate (or other plastic material that is approved for contact with food stuffs and that exhibits a ductile failure mode).
  • the two pieces matingly join together by male thread 114 formed in base 112 and female thread 116 formed in shell 110.
  • a fluid-tight seal against O-ring 118 is formed when male thread 114 is fully engaged in female thread 116.
  • Grips 120 are formed on both base 112 and shell 110.
  • the base includes a supply line port 122 to facilitate routing of lines into the connections on the underside.
  • a second port 124 allows finger access to a safety valve (not shown) which incorporates a finger tab for manual venting.
  • Valve 26 operates only in substantially fully open and fully closed conditions in response to level-sensing element 28. Suitable valves of this type are described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 3,495,803.
  • This valve 26 includes a valve body 128 which fastens to base 112 of carbonator 22 by means of a fastening nut 130.
  • Inlet port 24 is fastened to valve 26 by means of compression nut 131.
  • An air and liquid tight seal is formed as gasket 132 is compressed against fluid inlet riser 134 of base 112 when nut 130 is tightened.
  • a stainless steel locating ring 136 having an ear portion 138 is fastened around valve body 128 to limit rotation of the valve body 128 and other components inside carbonator 22.
  • Valve body 128 includes a nipple outlet 140 which attaches to inlet tube 142 which, in turn, is connected to nozzle 34.
  • a diaphragm and float assembly 144 mates with valve body 128 by means of a quarter-turn, twist-lock engagement.
  • Diaphragm and float assembly 144 includes a float 146 (which is one embodiment of a sensing element 28).
  • Float 146 includes an upper cup 148 and a lower cup 150 which snap together and fit slidingly over mast 152 of diaphragm and float assembly 144.
  • Float 146 is connected to activating lever 154 by means of linkage 156.
  • the carbonator vessel 22 is formed of such an approved plastic and is coated additionally to form a vapor barrier thereon.
  • a compound such as polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) has been formed to create such a vapor barrier.
  • PVdC polyvinylidene chloride
  • valve body 5 that is secured by guides 7 to the interior of valve body 5 and the valve body 5 is linked to an actuating float 13 by pivoted linkage member 12.
  • Valve body 5 moves down and inlet tube 2 unseats from valve seat 6.
  • the valve opens quickly, Water then enters the carbonator through nozzle 10.
  • Nozzle 10 may include a blunted interior portion 20 which aids the aforecited increase in carbonator performance.
  • the fall of float 13 is limited by detent member 14 which engages the indented portion 18 of valve body 5.
  • the fall of valve body 5 is further limited by tie rod 17 so that valve body 5 cannot fully disengage from inlet tube 2.
  • float 13 remains in a stationary detent position until the buoyancy of the float overcomes the opposing force of the detent, and the valve then rapidly closes.
  • valve body 7 includes outlet ports 9a, 9b, 11 and an intermediate inlet port 8, 10, and also includes slidable pistons disposed on rod 13 that is actuated by the pivoted actuator 3 in response to the float tie rod 1 and positioning clip 2.
  • the float tie rod moves up and down in response to float position (ie, liquid level).
  • float position ie, liquid level
  • a volume of gas equal to the volume of chambers 17a and 17b will thus be vented each time the float (not shown) moves with the water level through selected levels in the carbonator vessel.
  • the Y-shaped actuator 3 is toggled by springs (not shown) to cause the valve to snap each time it changes position. This is desirable to prevent the chamber seals from lodging in the middle of inlet port 8 and outlet ports 9a and 9b. Such a condition could result if the fill rate approximately equals the rate of withdrawal of carbonated liquid in the carbonator vessel.
  • FIG. 9 there is shown a carbonator system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention which operates on source 2 of pressurized water.
  • Inlet water from the source 2 is filtered 8 and, optionally, boosted in pressure by pump unit 4 of the type previously described for delivery via conduit 16 to plate-like water reservoir 72.
  • This reservoir 72 is formed of plastic material, preferably having relatively high thermal transmission, to include a serpentine water channel that enhances the plug-like, serial flow of water therethrough.
  • a fluid passage 74 is coupled to the upper elbows of the serpentine path to promote rapid collection and passage of any gasses out of the reservoir.
  • This reservoir 72 may be conveniently positioned in the back of a refrigerator cabinet, as shown in Figure 13, to cool the inlet water supplied to the carbonator vessel 22.
  • the inlet water may also be cooled by an ice-filled cooling unit 66 either as an alternative to reservoir 72 or as a supplemental cooler to increase the volumetric carbonation capacity of the system. Ice may be loaded into the housing through removable top 80, and water may be suitably drained via conduit 68 as the inlet water in cooling coil 82 exchanges heat and is reduced in temperature.
  • Either or both of the reservoir 72 and unit 66 supply cool water directly to the dispensing valve 64 via selection valve 108, or through check valves 18, 20 to the inlet port 24 of the carbonator vessel 22.
  • This vessel may be formed of plastic material such as polycarbonate and coated 90 with a gas-impervious material such as polyvinylidene chloride to inhibit the diffusion of carbon dioxide gas through the vessel walls.
  • the vessel may also be housed in a refrigerator cabinet, as shown in Figure 13.
  • the inlet water is controlled via valve 26 of the full-on, full-off type previously described in response to the level 30 of water within the vessel.
  • the inlet water is directed downwardly at the water surface via blunt nozzle 34 which is positioned at least 2 inches above the maximum water level.
  • Carbon dioxide gas contained under pressure within pressure vessel 40 is released through regulator 44 and choke line or restrictor 110 and check valve 46 and diffusing element 48 into the fluid in vessel 22. Carbon dioxide bubbles 56 through the water and accumulates within the vessel 22 in the space 54 above the water level until the fluid pressure in the vessel substantially equals the pressure level set by regulator 44.
  • the choke or restrictor 110 aids in forming small bubbles 56 (with large ratios of surface area to volume) that remain in contact with the water longer for more efficient carbonation.
  • cooled inlet water at pressure levels above the gas pressure set by regulator 44 is introduced into the vessel 22 under control, for example, of a level-responsive valve 26, and the fluid pressure within the vessel is controlled by the regulator 44 as carbon dioxide gas is absorbed by the water in vessel 22.
  • the outlet system of the present invention includes an homogenizing chamber 92 that is connected to vent tube 94 which also serves as a gas conduit to the pressure safety valve 52.
  • a gas-flow restriction 96 is included in the gas line entering the homogenizer chamber 92 to limit the amount of gas that is vented during dispensing.
  • the gas entering the chamber 92 (including accumulated atmospheric gasses and carbon dioxide) passes into diffuser 98 where it is combined with water that enters the chamber through the protected inlet 100.
  • the inlet tube 102 has reduced internal cross section to form a predetermined pressure drop at the dispensing flow rate. This pressure differential is the basis for introducting gasses into the chamber 92 via the tube 94.
  • a plurality of fine screens and baffles 104 are disposed down stream of the diffuser 98 and inlet 100, 102 to form a slurry-like fluid containing dissolved CO2 and finely-divided bubbles of undissolved gasses.
  • the outlet conduit from chamber 92 includes a choke or flow restrictor 106 to provide desired flow conditions through the selector valve 108 and dispenser valve 64.
  • the selector and dispenser valves may be conveniently consolidated into the same unit for easy selection of carbonated water or chilled water.
  • slow flow allows the lines entering the refrigerator, as in Figure 13, to be quite small.
  • slow flow creates minimum amounts of friction loss in domestic water systems, especially those equipped with pressure regulators.
  • slow flow rates reduce the size and capacity of boosting pumps required in areas where municipal water pressure is insufficient.
  • these components may be furnished in kit form for retrofitting a home refrigerator.
  • vessel 22 is supplied to be positioned in a remote corner of the refrigerator and liquid reservoir 72 is positioned against the lower section of the back wall.
  • a dispensing valve 64 as illustrated in Figure 10, is disposed in a holder 138 adhesively attached in a convenient location on an interior wall of the refrigerator. Alternatively, valve holder 138 and dispensing valve 64 may be placed on the outside of the refrigerator so that a drink may be made without opening the refrigerator door.
  • Flexible conduit 106 may be fabricated to retain a permanent spiral so that when dispensing valve 64 is removed from valve holder 138, dispensing valve 64 is able to extend for some distance outside the refrigerator to dispense a drink. When dispensing valve 64 is placed back into holder 138, flexible conduit 106 returns automatically to a neat and compact coil.
  • a gas supply conduit 150 and liquid supply conduit may be routed to enter through the door seal or at the bottom of the refrigerator.
  • 3/16" and 1/4" OD tubing for gas and liquid supply conduits is adequate. Such sizes can easily pass through most door seals without significantly altering seal integrity.
  • Gas and liquid supply conduits may be routed and held in position inside the refrigerator by pressure-sensitive conventional adhesive clips similar to those known and used to route wire and small cables in electronic equipment.
  • the liquid supply conduit may be connected to the ice-maker supply source, if the latter is available and adequately sized.
  • the carbon dioxide storage cylinder 40 is placed outside the refrigerated cabinet and can be conveniently located in the vent space in back of the refrigerator, under the kitchen sink or other accessible location. Storage cylinder 40 may also be placed inside the refrigerator if desired or in a special compartment made for the purpose by the manufacturer.
  • FIG 10 there is shown a perspective view of the dispensing valve 64 with convenient manual actuator 130 an angled outlet tube 134 for connection via flexible liquid conduit 106 to the selector valve 108 of Figure 9.
  • the angled outlet tube greatly facilitates mixing and swirling in the dispensed (carbonated) water a quantity of flavored syrup predeposited in a container 142 which is then disposed beneath the valve 64 to receive the dispensed water.
  • a drink cup or other container having therein a preselected quantity of flavoring syrup, or other drink-flavoring material, disposed therein is positioned beneath the angled outlet tube 136 to dispense the carbonated or uncarbonated water into the cup and into the syrup therein in a swirling, post-mixing manner to prepare the finished drink without the need for a spoon or stirrer.
  • a preselected quantity of flavoring syrup for convenient post-mix applications may be provided by sealing the syrup within the cup using manually-removable sealing means.
  • FIG 11 there is shown an alternative embodiment of the apparatus of Figure 9 in an original equipment refrigerator application and which includes an elelctrically-activated dispensing valve 116 responsive to closure of switch 120 by activating lever 121, and an electrically-activated filler valve 114 responsive to the float switch 118. Chilled water or carbonated water may be dispensed through the same valve 116, depending upon the manual selection and the associated switch settings 122.
  • FIG 11 there is shown one embodiment of the ice cooled cooling unit 66 of Figure 9 wherein drain conduit 68 is operatively connected to the evaporator pan 160 of the refrigerator. Such pans are commonly located near condensing coils 162 to transfer heat thereto and promote rapid evaporation of defrost water. Drain conduit 68 may be placed at the bottom of cooling unit 66 or, alternatively, near the tip thereof to drain liquid water into evaporator pan 160.
  • Ice may be added to cooling unit 66 either manually or automatically from the refrigerator ice maker.
  • Management control of the carbonator cooling system can be easily accomplished with appropriately placed sensors. For example, control of ice delivery can be accomplished with an appropriately placed temperature, or wane-type ice sensor. Ice delivery can be inhibited if evaporator pan 160 becomes full as detected by an appropriately placed liquid sensor. An indicator light or message can further advise the consumer not to place any further ice in the cooling reservoir when the evaporator pan is full.
  • cooling unit 66 An advantage of cooling unit 66 is that properly configured, it is possible to provide cooler supply water to the carbonator and lower the gas and liquid operating requirements thereof.
  • reservoir 72 may be placed in thermal communication with cooling unit 66 for this purpose.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the low-voltage circuitry used to control the electrically-activated valves.
  • the relay 126 with coil 127 and time-delay relay 124 with delay coil 129 of conventional design control the actuation of the valves 112, 114, 116 in response to actuation of dispenser switch 120 and actuation of float switch 118. If a leak should develop downstream from valve 1, the time-delay relay 124 will time out and limit the flow.
  • FIG. 13 there is shown a perspective view of the present invention installed as original equipment within a refrigerator, with the vessel 22 positioned in a remote corner and the liquid reservoir 72 positioned against the lower section of the back wall.
  • a visual screen of translucent plastic may be positioned in front of the vessel 22 to obscure view of the vessel 22 when the refrigerator door is open.
  • Selector and dispensing switches 120, 122 may be positioned in a recess within the door at a location adjacent the conventional ice dispenser and selector 144, 146.
  • carbonated water is dispensed from a tube or nozzle (not visisble in Fig. 13) suitably disposed to create a swirling or mixing motion in the beverage container for facile mixing of a post mix soft drink.
  • the carbonator of the present invention operates about a point chosen on the carbonator curve that is near realistic specifications for carbonation under anticipated worst-case operating conditions for the application. Under good carbonation conditions known in the art, about 4.2 volumes of carbon dioxide in the carbonator produces carbonated water of sufficient strength to withstand dilution with flavoring syrup. In ambient temperature carbonation applications, most municipal water supplies have a maximum water temperature (during the summer months) of about 23.9° C. This point can be selected as the worst-case temperature operating condition. Using carbon dioxide soluability curves, the approximate gas pressures needed to create this level of carbonation are listed in the following table.
  • Carbonators embodying elements of the present invention operating with single nozzles have achieved efficiencies as high as 88% (based on the temperature of the outlet fluid) at 8 psi pressure drop across the nozzle. Somewhat higher gas pressures and liquid pressure differentials may be required in field applications where safety margins and best case embodiment may not be the most economically practical.
  • a small commercial version of the present invention (suitable for use in ambient temperature carbonation applications) uses a small all-plastic pump to produce about 1.1 to 1.2 gallons per minute of carbonated water. The overall weight of the system is about 7-8 pounds and the pump consumes about 1.1 amperes at 115 volts AC.
  • a home refrigerator embodiment of the present invention uses a cooled water reservoir having capacity of approximately 50 ounces and a carbonator having a liquid capacity of about 1.2 quarts. Once cooled, its produces 8 or more 8-ounce glasses of high quality carbonated water when supplied with 45 psi minimum liquid pressure (without the need for supplemental cooling equipment such as cooling unit 66).
  • the carbonator of the present invention may operate to vent atmospheric gasses which come out of solution during carbonation.
  • the effect of such venting depends on the amount of dissolved air in the inlet water, the operating pressure of the carbonator, the carbonation temperature, the carbonator efficiency, and the amount of gasses vented.
  • the effect of venting a predetermined amount of gas from the carbonator along with the equilibrium partial pressures of atmospheric gasses in the carbonator may be estimated for any given set of inlet fluid and operating conditions by use of mathematical models based on the application of Henry's law and the solubility curves of the gasses present.
  • the worst-case atmospheric gas condition largely determines the amount of gas to be vented, yet, as indicated, is subject to specific to carbonator opertaing conditions.
  • venting of about 10% of the gas volume dispensed results in a significant reduction of atmospheric gasses in the carbonator with concomitant increase in carbonator performance. Additional venting is desirable to achieve near maximum benefits when greater amounts of atmospheric gasses are present.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Devices For Dispensing Beverages (AREA)
  • Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
EP88109949A 1987-06-26 1988-06-22 Hoch effizienter Niederdruck-Karbonator und Verfahren Withdrawn EP0296570A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/068,017 US4940164A (en) 1987-06-26 1987-06-26 Drink dispenser and method of preparation
US07/067,803 US4859376A (en) 1987-06-26 1987-06-26 Gas-driven carbonator and method
US07/068,018 US4850269A (en) 1987-06-26 1987-06-26 Low pressure, high efficiency carbonator and method
US68018 1987-06-26
US68017 1993-05-27
US67803 1998-04-29

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EP0296570A1 true EP0296570A1 (de) 1988-12-28

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994005407A1 (de) * 1992-08-28 1994-03-17 Bosch-Siemens Hausgeräte Gmbh Vorrichtung zum bereiten und ausgeben von erfrischungsgetränken
WO1994005408A1 (de) * 1992-08-28 1994-03-17 Bosch-Siemens Hausgeräte Gmbh Vorrichtung zum bereiten und ausgeben von erfrischungsgetränken
EP0960573A2 (de) * 1998-05-28 1999-12-01 Heinz Stricker Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von kohlesäurehaltigem Wasser
DE102005039985A1 (de) * 2005-08-23 2007-03-08 Margret Spiegel Das mindestens eine Karbonatorkreislaufpumpe dadurch gesteuert wird, bei Druckabfall über die angeschlossene Kreislaufleitung durch Unterbrechung des Flüssigkeitskreislaufes den Pumpendruck zu erhöhen
WO2009043088A1 (en) * 2007-10-01 2009-04-09 Dorjoviv Pty Ltd A method and plant for producing carbonated water
CN106145415A (zh) * 2016-08-03 2016-11-23 厦门阿玛苏电子卫浴有限公司 一种能出苏打水的净水机
EP3330214A1 (de) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-06 Anheuser-Busch InBev S.A. Verfahren zur herstellung und zur ausgabe von kohlensäurehaltigen bier hergestellt aus konzentrat
EP3330217A1 (de) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-06 Anheuser-Busch InBev S.A. Verfahren zur herstellung und ausgabe von kohlensäurehaltigen bier aus bierkonzentrat
EP3330215A1 (de) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-06 Anheuser-Busch InBev S.A. Verfahren zur herstellung und ausgabe von kohlensäurehaltigem bier aus bierkonzentrat
EP3330218A1 (de) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-06 Anheuser-Busch InBev S.A. Verfahren zur herstellung und ausgabe von kohlensäurehaltigem bier aus bierkonzentrat
EP3330216A1 (de) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-06 Anheuser-Busch InBev S.A. Verfahren zur herstellung und ausgabe von kohlensäurehaltigem bier aus bierkonzentrat
EP3288433A4 (de) * 2015-04-30 2018-10-24 The Coca-Cola Company Vakuumseitenentlüfter
EP2963366B1 (de) 2014-07-04 2018-10-24 LG Electronics Inc. Vorrichtung zur herstellung von kohlensäurehaltigem wasser und kühlschrank damit und verfahren zur steuerung davon
WO2019061644A1 (zh) * 2017-09-27 2019-04-04 佛山市顺德区美的饮水机制造有限公司 水路***及具有其的净饮机
CN110465223A (zh) * 2019-09-06 2019-11-19 韩山师范学院 一次性可降解航空餐勺生产装置

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DE2340249A1 (de) * 1971-06-30 1975-02-20 Frank M Iannelli Gasbetriebene karboniervorrichtung
DE2647597A1 (de) * 1975-12-22 1977-06-30 Cons Foods Corp Verfahren und vorrichtung zum karbonisieren und kuehlen einer fluessigkeit in einem einzigen arbeitsgang
WO1984000671A1 (en) * 1982-08-20 1984-03-01 Sodastream Ltd Liquid aerating apparatus

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US3552726A (en) * 1968-12-11 1971-01-05 Eaton Yale & Towne Motorless carbonator and method of operation
DE2340249A1 (de) * 1971-06-30 1975-02-20 Frank M Iannelli Gasbetriebene karboniervorrichtung
DE2647597A1 (de) * 1975-12-22 1977-06-30 Cons Foods Corp Verfahren und vorrichtung zum karbonisieren und kuehlen einer fluessigkeit in einem einzigen arbeitsgang
WO1984000671A1 (en) * 1982-08-20 1984-03-01 Sodastream Ltd Liquid aerating apparatus

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994005407A1 (de) * 1992-08-28 1994-03-17 Bosch-Siemens Hausgeräte Gmbh Vorrichtung zum bereiten und ausgeben von erfrischungsgetränken
WO1994005408A1 (de) * 1992-08-28 1994-03-17 Bosch-Siemens Hausgeräte Gmbh Vorrichtung zum bereiten und ausgeben von erfrischungsgetränken
US5464124A (en) * 1992-08-28 1995-11-07 The Coca-Cola Company Apparatus for preparing and dispensing post-mix beverages
EP0960573A2 (de) * 1998-05-28 1999-12-01 Heinz Stricker Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von kohlesäurehaltigem Wasser
EP0960573A3 (de) * 1998-05-28 2000-02-23 Heinz Stricker Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von kohlesäurehaltigem Wasser
DE102005039985A1 (de) * 2005-08-23 2007-03-08 Margret Spiegel Das mindestens eine Karbonatorkreislaufpumpe dadurch gesteuert wird, bei Druckabfall über die angeschlossene Kreislaufleitung durch Unterbrechung des Flüssigkeitskreislaufes den Pumpendruck zu erhöhen
WO2009043088A1 (en) * 2007-10-01 2009-04-09 Dorjoviv Pty Ltd A method and plant for producing carbonated water
EP2963366B1 (de) 2014-07-04 2018-10-24 LG Electronics Inc. Vorrichtung zur herstellung von kohlensäurehaltigem wasser und kühlschrank damit und verfahren zur steuerung davon
EP3288433A4 (de) * 2015-04-30 2018-10-24 The Coca-Cola Company Vakuumseitenentlüfter
CN106145415A (zh) * 2016-08-03 2016-11-23 厦门阿玛苏电子卫浴有限公司 一种能出苏打水的净水机
WO2018100110A1 (en) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Anheuser-Busch Inbev S.A. Method for production and dispensing carbonated beer from beer concentrate
BE1025423B1 (nl) * 2016-11-30 2019-02-20 Anheuser-Busch Inbev S.A. Werkwijze voor het produceren en verdelen van koolzuurhoudend bier uit bierconcentraat
EP3330216A1 (de) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-06 Anheuser-Busch InBev S.A. Verfahren zur herstellung und ausgabe von kohlensäurehaltigem bier aus bierkonzentrat
WO2018100107A1 (en) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Anheuser-Busch Inbev S.A. Method for production and dispensing carbonated beer from beer concentrate.
WO2018100114A1 (en) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Anheuser-Busch Inbev S.A. Method for production and dispensing carbonated beer from beer concentrate
WO2018100105A1 (en) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Anheuser-Busch Inbev S.A. Method for production and dispensing carbonated beer from beer concentrate
EP3330215A1 (de) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-06 Anheuser-Busch InBev S.A. Verfahren zur herstellung und ausgabe von kohlensäurehaltigem bier aus bierkonzentrat
WO2018100116A1 (en) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Anheuser-Busch Inbev S.A. Method for production and dispensing carbonated beer from beer concentrate
EP3330217A1 (de) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-06 Anheuser-Busch InBev S.A. Verfahren zur herstellung und ausgabe von kohlensäurehaltigen bier aus bierkonzentrat
EP3330214A1 (de) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-06 Anheuser-Busch InBev S.A. Verfahren zur herstellung und zur ausgabe von kohlensäurehaltigen bier hergestellt aus konzentrat
BE1025421B1 (nl) * 2016-11-30 2019-02-20 Anheuser-Busch Inbev S.A. Werkwijze voor het produceren en verdelen van koolzuurhoudend bier uit bierconcentraat
EP3330218A1 (de) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-06 Anheuser-Busch InBev S.A. Verfahren zur herstellung und ausgabe von kohlensäurehaltigem bier aus bierkonzentrat
BE1025424B1 (nl) * 2016-11-30 2019-02-20 Anheuser-Busch Inbev S.A. Werkwijze voor het produceren en verdelen van koolzuurhoudend bier uit bierconcentraat
BE1025422B1 (nl) * 2016-11-30 2019-02-20 Anheuser-Busch Inbev S.A. Methode voor de productie en verdeling van koolzuurhoudend bier uit bierconcentraat
BE1025420B1 (nl) * 2016-11-30 2019-02-20 Anheuser-Busch Inbev S.A. Werkwijze voor het produceren en verdelen van koolzuurhoudend bier van bierconcentraat
CN110267905A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2019-09-20 安海斯-布希英博有限公司 由啤酒浓缩物生产和调配碳酸啤酒的方法
CN110234596A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2019-09-13 安海斯-布希英博有限公司 由啤酒浓缩物生产和调配碳酸啤酒的方法
CN110234594A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2019-09-13 安海斯-布希英博有限公司 由啤酒浓缩物生产和调配碳酸啤酒的方法
CN110234597A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2019-09-13 安海斯-布希英博有限公司 由啤酒浓缩物生产和调配碳酸啤酒的方法
CN110234593A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2019-09-13 安海斯-布希英博有限公司 由啤酒浓缩物生产和调配碳酸啤酒的方法
CN110234595A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2019-09-13 安海斯-布希英博有限公司 由啤酒浓缩物生产和调配碳酸啤酒的方法
WO2019061644A1 (zh) * 2017-09-27 2019-04-04 佛山市顺德区美的饮水机制造有限公司 水路***及具有其的净饮机
CN110465223A (zh) * 2019-09-06 2019-11-19 韩山师范学院 一次性可降解航空餐勺生产装置

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