EP0295601B2 - Method for making a yarn, and yarn having a sheath-core-structure - Google Patents

Method for making a yarn, and yarn having a sheath-core-structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0295601B2
EP0295601B2 EP88109358A EP88109358A EP0295601B2 EP 0295601 B2 EP0295601 B2 EP 0295601B2 EP 88109358 A EP88109358 A EP 88109358A EP 88109358 A EP88109358 A EP 88109358A EP 0295601 B2 EP0295601 B2 EP 0295601B2
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EP
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Prior art keywords
yarn
yarns
core
dtex
multifilament
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0295601A2 (en
EP0295601B1 (en
EP0295601A3 (en
Inventor
Karl Dipl.- Ing. Greifeneder
Kurt Dipl.- Ing. Truckenmueller
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Amann and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
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Amann and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02JFINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/16Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
    • D02G1/168Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam including drawing or stretching on the same machine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a yarn with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding yarn.
  • Synthetic fibers which are also called chemical fibers, are not ready for processing immediately after primary spinning.
  • the chemical fibers In order to produce the essential textile properties such as elasticity, elongation, low shrinkage behavior or the like, the chemical fibers have to be drawn after primary spinning.
  • the macromolecules arranged in a tangled position after the primary spinning are aligned in the longitudinal direction of the fiber, so that they assume a macrostructure which corresponds to the structure of the natural fibers.
  • the fibers stretched in this way then go on sale as textile fibers.
  • fibers which have only been partially stretched by the chemical fiber manufacturer and which are pre-stretched or pre-oriented or POY yarns, these yarns or fibers being named uniformly as pre-oriented fibers in the following description.
  • These pre-oriented fibers supplied by the chemical fiber supplier are then stretched again by the customer before further processing in order to produce the textile properties mentioned above.
  • Pre-oriented fibers are also available, which must also be stretched before further processing.
  • These pre-oriented multifilament yarns intended for the production of high-strength yarns are distinguished from the pre-oriented fibers described above by a higher degree of polymerization and thus by an approximately 10-20% higher solution viscosity, measured according to SNV standards 195590 and 195591.
  • the previously oriented pre-oriented fibers are fed to a pin via a first delivery mechanism which is driven at a first speed.
  • the fibers are deflected around the pin by a certain angle, for example between 270 and 360 °, preferably 360 °, and drawn off with a second delivery mechanism which transports the fibers at a second speed.
  • a pin heated to a temperature of 140 ° C to 200 ° C is used, which has a diameter between about 40 mm and about 80 mm.
  • the fibers are usually drawn with a degree of stretching of approximately 1: 1.5 to 1: 1.7, the degree of stretching being defined as the ratio of the first speed (ie the speed of the first delivery unit) to the second speed (ie the speed of the second delivery unit) ).
  • a method with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from US-A-36 94 872.
  • an undrawn polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane or nylon multifilament yarn is used as the starting material, which is stretched with the aid of a corresponding stretching pin, the dimensions of which are open in US Pat. No. 3,694,872.
  • the yarn is heated to a temperature between 250 ° C and 325 ° C. Due to the known drawing, however, it is not possible to significantly increase the strength of the yarn.
  • the previously reported and post-published WO-A-8 809 403 describes another stretching method which dispenses entirely with a corresponding stretching pin.
  • the multifilament yarn which contains at least one multifilament adhesive yarn component, is stretched between two godets.
  • US-A 4 615 167 describes a stretching method which, like the prior art mentioned at the outset, uses a heated pin, dimensions of the heated pin not being mentioned in this American patent.
  • the degree of stretching used in the known method corresponds to the degree of stretching which is customary for the yarn to be drawn in each case or is below the usual degree of stretching.
  • the yarn thus hidden is then swirled with an effect yarn in accordance with US Pat. No. 4,615,167.
  • the resulting yarn optionally has yarn loops or yarn loops, the diameter of which is not reduced in comparison to the diameter of the yarn loops or yarn loops that arise immediately after the intermingling.
  • US Pat. No. 4,615,167 describes yet another yarn variant in which the core material is constricted by contraction of the yarn loops or yarn loops.
  • a POY yarn is used as the starting material in the known process, but US-A 4 615 167 leaves open what material it is.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method of the type specified by which yarns with a particularly high strength can be produced.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the basic idea of using an unheated pin instead of the previously heated pin of the prior art.
  • the pre-oriented fibers described above normal POY yarns, POY yarns with a higher degree of polymerization
  • the unheated pin has a diameter which is less than 10 mm.
  • the polyester multifilament yarns are heated to a temperature between about 100 ° C and about 250 ° C for 0.01 s to 10 s.
  • a maximum degree of stretching of 1: 2.7 is set as the degree of stretching.
  • the inventive method described above has a number of advantages. It was thus found that, with the same degree of stretching, the polyester yarns treated by the process according to the invention have up to 25% higher specific strength than yarns processed by the known process described above.
  • the specific strength is defined as the force per titer (cN / tex).
  • the polyester yarns produced according to the invention also have up to 40% less free thermal shrinkage than the yarns processed by the conventional method.
  • polyester yarns according to the invention for example sewing threads, warp threads, weft threads or woven and knitted fabrics, in further processing, for example in dyeing, printing, steaming or in confectioning, or in end use, for example when washing or ironing, have excellent dimensional stability in thermal or hydrothermal treatments.
  • the method according to the invention has another significant advantage.
  • these capillary breaks already occur with a degree of stretching of approximately 1: 1.8 to a maximum of 1: 2.0.
  • the same starting materials can be stretched in the process according to the invention up to a degree of stretching of 1: 2.3 and a maximum of 1: 2.7 before the first capillary breaks occur.
  • the temperature, the residence time and the degree of stretching depend on the starting material used in each case.
  • a pre-oriented polyester fiber normal POY multifilament yarns, POY multifilament yarns with a higher degree of polymerization
  • Particularly good results in terms of specific strength and low thermal shrinkage can be achieved in the process according to the invention if dwell times between about 0.05 s and about 1 s at temperatures between about 180 ° C and about 240 ° C, the aforementioned residence times and temperatures depending on the type of heating.
  • the starting material used is preferably heated after being deflected around the pin by direct contact with a heated heating device.
  • the known contact heaters such as, for example, a heating drum or in particular a heating plate, which is referred to in technical jargon as a hotplate, can be used as the heating device. It is also possible to heat the polyester multifilament yarn to the above-mentioned temperatures by indirect heating, for example via appropriately designed heating pipes.
  • the polyester multifilament yarn can also be heated by irradiation, using IR emitters or preferably lasers, in particular gas lasers, such as CO2 or CO lasers, for this purpose.
  • the temperature of the heating device is preferably set to a value between approximately 180 ° C. and approximately 240 ° C.
  • the processed material is approximately at a temperature between 140 ° C. (with short contact times) and approximately 220 ° C. (with the previously mentioned longer contact times) ) heated.
  • a further embodiment of the method according to the invention provides for the pen to be cooled using a suitable fluid. This ensures in a particularly suitable manner that even with prolonged use of the method according to the invention there is no uncontrolled, constantly increasing heating of the material, which may lead to undesirable fluctuations in the fiber structure and thus in the properties.
  • the cooling described above is achieved by continuously blowing the pen and the material around it with an air stream. It is also possible to provide a cooling device for the pen, through which a suitable cooling fluid, for example water or freon, flows continuously.
  • a suitable cooling fluid for example water or freon
  • this is preferably cooled to a predetermined length after heating.
  • the length is formed depending on the respective material in such a way that the material can shrink freely when it cools down to a temperature of about 40.degree.
  • the polyester multifilament yarn produced by the method according to the invention can be wound up under tension, without tension or with lead. If the polyester yarn is dyed after production, it is recommended to use it without tension on corresponding cores used for dyeing, so that the yarns can still shrink during dyeing.
  • the polyester multifilament yarns dyed in this way then have a further reduced cooking or thermal shrinkage at 180 ° C.
  • the degree of stretching (1st speed: 2nd speed) can be as high in the method according to the invention as in the known method, i.e. depending on the polyester multifilament yarn used, between about 1: 1.3 to about 1: 1.9.
  • Particularly high strengths are achieved if a degree of stretching of greater than 1: 2.0, in particular a degree of stretching between 1: 2.1 to 1: 2.7, is selected in the process according to the invention, since at these relatively high degrees of stretching there is a further increase in the specific strength (in force per titer; cN / tex) can be determined.
  • polyester multifilament yarns made from pre-oriented fibers which have a number of filament yarns between about 20 and about 500, preferably between about 30 and about 150, which is common for textile purposes. Furthermore, they have a customary titer between approximately 100 dtex and approximately 1000 dtex, preferably between approximately 100 dtex and approximately 600 dtex.
  • the degree of stretching is usually between about 5% and about 50%, preferably between about 20% and about 40%, above the degree of stretching which the manufacturer of the respective material recommends.
  • the upper limit of the degree of stretching is a value which is between approximately 5% and approximately 25% below the degree of stretching at which the polyester multifilament yarn breaks.
  • polyester multifilament yarns can be produced by the process according to the invention, which have a significantly increased specific strength and a significantly reduced free thermal shrinkage or boiling shrinkage compared to yarns produced conventionally. By varying the degree of stretching, the specific strength, the thermal shrinkage and the cooking shrinkage can be adapted to the respective requirements.
  • a pre-oriented polyester multifilament yarn is preferably used as the starting material, which is treated in accordance with the above statements.
  • Another embodiment of the process according to the invention provides that a pre-oriented polyester multifilament yarn with a high degree of polymerization is used as the starting material, the statements made above regarding the process parameters apply here.
  • the specific strength is again significantly improved compared to a material that has been treated conventionally and the thermal shrinkage at 180 ° C. or the cooking shrinkage are further reduced.
  • the polyester multifilament yarn treated as described above is provided before winding with one rotation, this rotation being between about 5 turns / m and about 400 turns / m, preferably between about 8 turns / m and about 30 turns / m.
  • the twisted polyester multifilament yarn is then wound up and can be further processed in any way, which can be done, for example, by texturing, twisting, dyeing, finishing and / or weaving.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the polyester multifilament yarn is subsequently intermingled in a fluid stream with a second yarn (fancy yarn) to form a core-sheath yarn provided with loops and loops, the intermingling being carried out in such a way that the Multifilament yarn forms the inner core and the second yarn (fancy yarn) forms the sheath enveloping the core.
  • Such swirling is carried out in the nozzle devices known per se.
  • the core-jacket yarn produced in accordance with the invention has a higher strength, a lower thermal and cooking shrinkage, in particular due to a uniform tone -in-tone coloring.
  • the core yarn core yarn
  • the core yarn does not become darker, lighter or in a different tone in comparison to the enveloping sheath yarn (fancy yarn), which both consist of the same material.
  • both yarn components core and effect components
  • the fancy yarn is significantly larger or smaller, for example by a factor between 1.5 and 4.
  • the above-described improvement in the dyeing behavior of the polyester yarn produced by the process according to the invention is attributed to the fact that, by using an unheated stick with the aforementioned diameter, the thermal treatment which immediately followed me, the temperature and residence time of the aforementioned Values can be varied, and due to the previously described cooling conditions in which the voltage can be changed, the coloring behavior of the core material can be adapted to the coloring behavior of the effect material.
  • the polyester multifilament yarn forming the core and the effect yarn forming the sheath are usually swirled with a lead.
  • leads are preferably selected for the multifilament yarn which lie between approximately 1% and approximately 7%.
  • the lead values for the fancy yarn are about 15% and about 45%.
  • a further embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the core material is wetted with water or an aqueous dispersion before the turbulence.
  • the water or the aqueous dispersion has the effect that the friction between the individual filaments is reduced.
  • the addition of water intensifies the turbulence, which is particularly noticeable when using an aqueous dispersion.
  • aqueous dispersions can be used that have granular particles whose specific weight is greater than 1 g / cm3.
  • the concentration of the granular particles in such a dispersion is between about 5 g / l and about 150 g / l, preferably between about 30 g / l and about 60 g / l.
  • the diameters of the granular particles vary between approximately 4 »m and approximately 400» m, in particular between approximately 20 »m and approximately 100» m.
  • the Mohs hardness of the grain particles is between 1 and 6 1/2, preferably between 3 and 5.
  • talc, diatomaceous earth, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide and / or barium sulfate can be used as grain-like particles, it also being possible to use a instead of the dispersion Use suspension in the concentration and composition mentioned above.
  • a multifilament yarn is used as the fancy yarn in the method according to the invention, which has about half of the elementary threads of the core yarn.
  • a typical core material has between about 40 and about 500 filaments, preferably between about 50 and about 150.
  • the titer of the fancy yarn is usually about 15% to about 40% of the titer of the core yarn.
  • a dyeing behavior which is particularly uniform with regard to the color tone and the depth of color can be achieved in a further embodiment of the method according to the invention by also spinning the fancy yarn around an unheated pin with a diameter of less than 10 mm at an angle between 270 ° and 360 ° before the swirling , preferably 360 °, and then the fancy yarn immediately after the deflection to a temperature between 100 ° C and 250 ° C, in particular to a temperature between 180 ° C and 240 ° C, for 0.01 s to 10 s, especially for 0.05 s to 1 s, heated.
  • the fancy yarn is adapted in its treatment to the treatment of the core yarn before the intermingling.
  • another embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that after interlacing, the yarns are rotated between about 100 turns / m and about 400 turns / m, preferably between about 150 Turns / m and about 300 turns / m.
  • the yarn produced by the method according to the invention can also be provided with significantly fewer twists, for example a protective twist between approximately 2 twists / m and approximately 20 twists / m.
  • the yarn produced according to the invention is preferably wound up without tension or with lead, it can shrink during a subsequent hydrothermal treatment, for example during dyeing.
  • a subsequent hydrothermal treatment for example during dyeing.
  • the degree of reduction essentially depends on whether, during the previous heating of the effect material and the subsequent cooling, tensions were frozen which cause the fiber material to shrink during the hydrothermal treatment.
  • a relatively low-volume yarn is to be produced in the process according to the invention, which is desirable, for example, when using such a yarn as a sewing thread, then the fancy yarn must be heated and then cooled under tension.
  • such a sewing thread still has a certain volume, so that air is enclosed within the thread, which is pressed out during the sewing process, in particular when the thread is deflected on the thread guide members or the needle. This in turn causes cooling of the deflecting members or the needle, so that the frequency of thread breakage is significantly reduced compared to a yarn in which the loops are drawn together like knots.
  • Another embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the intermingled yarns are subjected to a tension treatment before they are wound up.
  • the self-crossing loops or loops formed during swirling are reduced, the diameter of the loops or loops being reduced by approximately 20% to approximately 95% depending on the tension applied.
  • This reduction in the diameter of the loops and loops has an influence on the cohesion of the yarn composite and on the volume and properties of a yarn produced in this way.
  • the volume of the yarn decreases as the diameter of the loops increases.
  • the yarn composite is improved, so that such a yarn can be processed without difficulty even without additional twisting or twisting, for example as a warp in the weaving mill, during knitting or in particular as a sewing thread.
  • a yarn whose loops and loops have been reduced by applying a tension has excellent properties when used as a sewing yarn. It was thus found that a sewing thread whose loop or loop diameter is reduced to about 80% -95% by the tension treatment described above compared to a sewing thread made from the same starting materials, the loops of which were drawn together to form knots, showed significantly fewer thread breaks during sewing tests. This is attributed, on the one hand, to the fact that a yarn whose loops or loops were not knotted together includes a substantially larger volume of air than a yarn whose loops and loops were knotted together.
  • the yarn produced according to the invention has a considerably higher strength compared to a conventionally treated yarn, so that the reduced frequency of thread breakage during sewing tests can be explained in the yarn produced according to the invention. It was also possible to determine by comparative dyeing tests that, using the same starting materials in a conventionally produced sewing thread, the core material colored differently from the effect material both in terms of color depth and color tone, while this is not the case with the sewing thread produced according to the invention.
  • the polyester yarn is fed to the tension treatment at a rate which is between 0.1% and 5%, in particular between 0.1% and 2.5%, less than the rate at which the Yarn is withdrawn from the tension treatment.
  • the speed differences mentioned above depend on the one hand on the desired reduction in diameter and on the other hand on the respective starting material and the conditions of the stretching (degree of stretching, temperature, residence time and tension during cooling).
  • Another embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that, in addition to the tension treatment or instead of the tension treatment, a thermal treatment is carried out before the entangled polyester yarns are wound up, the temperature of the thermal treatment being between about 100 ° C. and about 250 ° C., in particular between about 180 ° C and about 230 ° C, varies.
  • the thermal treatment like the tension treatment, results in a reduction in the diameter of the intersecting loops and loops, which includes the advantages already set out above.
  • frozen tensions are released in the yarn, so that a yarn treated in this way has thermal shrinkage values or cooking shrinkage values which are between about 2% and about 4%, based on the initial length.
  • the thermal treatment which is carried out with dwell times between about 0.01 s to about 10 s, in particular between 0.05 s and 1 s, further adjusts the coloring behavior of the core material to the coloring behavior of the effect material. This has the effect that, in the case of a yarn of this type, even when dyed with large molecular dyes which mark the structural differences, there is no different dyeing behavior of core and fancy yarn.
  • the intermingled polyester yarns are preferably fed to the thermal treatment at a rate which is equal to or higher than the rate at which the yarns are withdrawn from the thermal treatment.
  • feed speeds are used which are 0.1% to 10%, preferably 2% to 4%, higher than the take-off speeds. This ensures that the intermingled polyester yarns can shrink freely during the thermal treatment, so that they are not frozen Stresses that can later trigger an undesirable shrinkage.
  • a sewing thread is to be produced using the method described above, it is advisable to use a pre-oriented polyester multifilament thread (POY thread) as the starting material for the core component.
  • POY thread pre-oriented polyester multifilament thread
  • the core yarn is deflected around an unheated pin by an angle between approximately 270 ° and 360 °, preferably approximately 360 °.
  • the pin has a diameter smaller than 10 mm.
  • the core yarn is then preferably heated to a temperature between about 180 ° and about 250 ° by contact heating using a hot plate.
  • the drawing of the core yarn is effected between a first delivery unit, which unwinds the core yarn from a bobbin, and a second delivery unit, which is arranged behind the heating plate.
  • the degree of stretching is preferably between 1: 1.7 and 1: 2.7, in particular between 1: 2.0 and 1: 2.4, i.e. as the lower limit between about 5% and about 50% above the draw ratio recommended by the manufacturer and as the upper limit between about 5% and about 25% below a value at which the yarn breaks.
  • the core yarn is shrunk to a temperature of about 50 ° C. and then swirled with a lead of between 1% and 7% with a second yarn which forms the fancy yarn.
  • the fancy yarn is conventionally pre-drawn over a heated pin or preferably treated as described above for the core yarn, only the fancy yarn having an advance between 15% and 45% of the interlacing.
  • the core-sheath yarn which has the self-crossing loops or loops, is subjected to a tension treatment.
  • the intermingled yarn is fed at a tensioning rate which is between about 2% and about 5% less than the rate at which the yarn is withdrawn from the tensioning treatment.
  • a thermal treatment at a temperature between about 180 ° C. and 240 ° C. for about 0.05 s and about 2 s.
  • the rate of feed to the thermal treatment is about 2% to about 5% higher than the rate of withdrawal from the thermal treatment.
  • the yarn is then cooled to a temperature between about 60 ° C and about 40 ° C with constant length.
  • the polyester yarn is then wound up with low tension and, if necessary, provided with a turn between 100 turns / m and 600 turns / m before and / or after the take-up.
  • the sewing thread thus produced is dyed according to the usual methods and then finished.
  • the hydrothermal treatment during dyeing may result in a further reduction in the diameter of the loops.
  • the diameter of the crossing loops and loops is due to the tension treatment, the thermal Treatment, the cooling after the thermal treatment and possibly by the hydrothermal treatment to a value between about 20% and about 95% of their original diameter.
  • the proportion of loops or loops in the finished yarn that have been knotted together ie below 15%, preferably below 5%, based on the total number the loops and loops should be.
  • a core yarn 1 which is a pre-oriented polyester multifilament yarn (POY yarn) with a single filament titer of 10.23 dtex
  • a second yarn (fancy yarn) 2 which is also a pre-oriented polyester multifilament yarn (POY yarn) with a single filament titer of 3.46 dtex, get from a supply in a slip gate to a nozzle 3 in separate ways.
  • the core yarn first passes through a drawing zone with a feed mechanism 4, an unheated drawing pin 5, which is wrapped by the core yarn 1 at an angle of 360 °, a heating plate 6 and a godet 7 and then passes through a device 8 for wetting with water Nozzle 3, where it is swirled with the fancy yarn 2.
  • the fancy yarn 2 has previously passed through a delivery unit 9, a drawing device 10 and a further delivery unit 11.
  • the stretching device 10 in the embodiment shown consists of a conventionally designed heated pin (hot pin) with a diameter of 60 mm, while the stretch pin 5 has a diameter of 8 mm. As described above, the fancy yarn 2 also wraps around the drawing pin 10.
  • the yarn 12 formed in the nozzle which has projecting, self-intersecting loops and loops, passes through a tension treatment provided between the delivery mechanisms 17 and 18 and a heat treatment zone.
  • the heat treatment zone has a delivery unit 13, a heating device 14 and a delivery unit 15.
  • the heating device 14 is designed as a heating tube and has the usual regulating and control devices, so that a desired temperature can be set in the range between approximately 100 ° C. and approximately 250 ° C.
  • the tension treatment and in the heating device 14 reduce the diameters of the loops and loops by approximately 20 to approximately 95%, the reduction in diameter depending on the one hand on the material being processed and on the other hand on the speed of the delivery mechanisms 13 and 15 relative to one another, as is the case here was previously described starting out.
  • the finished yarn is then fed to a winder 16 in the usual manner.
  • the fancy yarn was drawn according to the manufacturer at a draw ratio of 1: 1.73 and a temperature of the draw pin of 140 ° C.
  • the core yarn was placed with a lead of 4% and the fancy yarn with a lead of 20% of the nozzle.
  • the temperature of the heater 14 was set to a value of 230 ° C.
  • the individual speeds of the delivery plants were selected so that the speed at the rewinder was 16,500 m / min.
  • the specific strength of the core yarn 1 in front of the nozzle was measured. It was 60 cN / tex.
  • the device described above was converted in such a way that the stretch pin 5 was replaced by a conventional, heated stretch pin which was heated to a temperature of 140.degree. At the same time, the heating plate 6 was removed. The process described at the outset was carried out on such a converted system with the same base yarn and the same fancy yarn.
  • the core yarn was drawn according to the manufacturer's instructions at a draw ratio of 1: 1.86.
  • Core yarn was removed in front of the nozzle 3 and the strength of this core yarn was measured.
  • the core yarn drawn at 1: 1.86 had a specific strength of 40 cN / tex.
  • Sewing thread No. 1 was used to denote the thread whose core thread has a specific strength of 60 cN / tex.
  • Sewing thread No. 2 was the thread whose core thread had a specific strength of 40 cN / tex and sewing thread No. 3 was the thread whose core thread had a specific strength of 41 cN / tex.
  • a sewing thread No. 4 the core thread of which had a specific strength of 40 cN / tex and which was produced from the same starting materials and which had the same titer as the sewing threads 1 to 3, was used as a reference thread in the subsequent industrial sewing tests.
  • the sewing thread 4 did not have loops or loops reduced in size, but rather loops and loops drawn together in knots.
  • sewing thread 1 had the lowest frequency of thread breakage when sewing forwards, backwards and multidirectionally with numbers of stitches between 4000 and 6000 stitches per minute.
  • sewing thread No. 2 had a thread breakage frequency that was within the tolerance for error with sewing thread No. 3.
  • Sewing threads 1 to 4 were then wound up on the dyeing bobbin and dyed in a bath with several dye combinations. Since all four sewing threads were made of polyester, the dyeings were carried out at 130 ° C. The following temperature profile was chosen for the coloring: Starting temperature: 70 ° C Heating rate to 130 ° C with 2 ° C / minute Residence time at 130 ° C: 45 minutes Cool to 80 ° C at 2 ° C / minute After dyeing, the material was rinsed twice cold and hot and then dried conventionally. The dye liquors were adjusted to pH 4.5 by adding acetic acid and sodium acetate. Furthermore, all liquors had 0.5 g / l of a dispersing / leveling agent (Lewegal HTN, Bayer). The following dye combinations were used:
  • the material that was treated with the unheated stretching pin in connection with the subsequent heating plate has significantly higher specific strengths with significantly reduced thermal shrinkage.
  • the specific strengths that occur when the degree of stretching is greater than 1: 2 cannot be achieved with the material that has only been processed using the heated stretching pin, since the degree of stretching is already 1: 1.9 to 1: 1, 95 capillary cracks occurred. Therefore, the strength value of 48 cN / tex, with a degree of stretching of 1: 2, is the first material was obtained, not suitable for production. A maximum specific strength of 43.05 cN / tex can thus be achieved for the starting material 2 in the process in which stretching was carried out using a heated pen.
  • the values in the second table are different.
  • the material stretched over the unheated pin in connection with the heating plate has a maximum specific strength of 67 cN / tex, since the first capillary breaks were noticeable at a stretching ratio of 1: 2.325.
  • a larger batch of several tons of yarn with a draw ratio of 1: 2.3 was experimentally produced under production conditions. No capillary breaks were found here.
  • the degree of stretching specified by the manufacturer for the starting material 2 is 1: 1.8 to 1: 1.85.
  • the starting material 2 was a commercially available POY polyester yarn.
  • Another starting material 3 was stretched differently, as described above for starting material 2.
  • the starting material 3 which was also a polyester multifilament yarn, had an initial titer of 410 dtex and an elementary thread count of 40.
  • the starting material 3 was only drawn with a degree of stretching of 1: 1.85 over the pin heated to 140 ° C., which had a diameter of 60 mm.
  • the degree of stretching of 1: 1.85 corresponded to the manufacturer's recommendation for this material.
  • the yarn thus treated had the following specific strength and thermal shrinkage. Table 3 Degree of stretching spec. Strength (cN / tex) Thermal shrink (180 ° C) 1: 1.850 34.8 10th
  • the starting material 3 was stretched over an unheated pin with a diameter of 8 mm and subsequent heating by means of a heating plate of 240 °, varying the degree of stretching.
  • the following specific strengths and thermal shrinkage values could be achieved: Table 4 Degree of stretching spec.
  • the first capillary breaks only occurred when the degree of stretching was greater than 1: 2.475.
  • a larger batch of the starting material 3 was already produced under production conditions with a degree of stretching of 1: 2,300, without any capillary breaks occurring.

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
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Abstract

A method is described for making a yarn, wherein a synthetic partially oriented multifilament yarn is delivered at a first speed to a pin, guided around the pin for between 270 DEG and 360 DEG , preferably for about 360 DEG , and then taken off at a second speed. This second speed is higher than the first speed. Thereafter the multifilament yarn is wound up. The pin used is an unheated pin having a diameter of less than 10 mm. Immediately after the multifilament yarn has been laid around the pin, the multifilament yarn is heated to a temperature between 100 DEG C and 250 DEG C for from 0.01 s to 10 s. <??>There is also described an apparatus for carrying out the method. This apparatus comprises a first delivery system for hauling off the multifilament yarn, preferably off a package, a pin wrapped by the yarn, a second delivery system for hauling the yarn off the pin, and a winder. The pin is constructed as an unheated pin having a diameter of less than 10 mm. A heater is situated between the pin and the second delivery system. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Garnes mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie ein dem entsprechendes Garne.The present invention relates to a method for producing a yarn with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding yarn.

Synthetische Fasern, die auch Chemiefasern genannt werden, sind direkt nach dem Primärspinnen nicht verarbeitungsfertig. Um die wesentlichen textilen Eigenschaften, wie beispielsweise Elastizität, Dehnung, niedriges Schrumpfverhalten o.ä., zu erzeugen, müssen die Chemiefasern nach dem Primärspinnen verstreckt werden. Durch das Verstrecken werden die nach dem Primärspinnen in einer Wirrlage angeordneten Makromoleküle in Faserlängsrichtung ausgerichtet, so daß sie eine Makrostruktur einnehmen, die der Struktur der natürlichen Fasern entspricht. Die so verstreckten Fasern gelangen dann als textile Fasern in den Handel.Synthetic fibers, which are also called chemical fibers, are not ready for processing immediately after primary spinning. In order to produce the essential textile properties such as elasticity, elongation, low shrinkage behavior or the like, the chemical fibers have to be drawn after primary spinning. As a result of the stretching, the macromolecules arranged in a tangled position after the primary spinning are aligned in the longitudinal direction of the fiber, so that they assume a macrostructure which corresponds to the structure of the natural fibers. The fibers stretched in this way then go on sale as textile fibers.

Neben den zuvor beschriebenen vollverstreckten Fasern sind Fasern bekannt, die beim Chemiefaserhersteller nur teilweise verstreckt worden sind und die als vorverstreckte oder vororientierte oder POY-Garne bezeichnet werden, wobei in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung diese Garne bzw. Fasern einheitlich als vororientierte Fasern benannt werden. Diese, vom Chemiefaserlieferanten gelieferten vororientierten Fasern werden dann vom Abnehmer vor der weiteren Verarbeitung nochmals verstreckt, um die zuvor genannten textilen Eigenschaften zu erzeugen.In addition to the fully stretched fibers described above, fibers are known which have only been partially stretched by the chemical fiber manufacturer and which are pre-stretched or pre-oriented or POY yarns, these yarns or fibers being named uniformly as pre-oriented fibers in the following description. These pre-oriented fibers supplied by the chemical fiber supplier are then stretched again by the customer before further processing in order to produce the textile properties mentioned above.

Ferner sind vororientierte Fasern erhältlich, die ebenfalls vor der Weiterverarbeitung verstreckt werden müssen. Diese für die Herstellung von hochfesten Garnen bestimmten vororientierten Multifilamentgarne zeichnen sich gegenüber den vorstehend beschriebenen vororientierten Fasern durch einen höheren Polymerisationsgrad und damit durch eine etwa 10 - 20 % höhere Lösungsviskosität, gemessen nach SNV-Norm 195590 bzw. 195591, aus.Pre-oriented fibers are also available, which must also be stretched before further processing. These pre-oriented multifilament yarns intended for the production of high-strength yarns are distinguished from the pre-oriented fibers described above by a higher degree of polymerization and thus by an approximately 10-20% higher solution viscosity, measured according to SNV standards 195590 and 195591.

Um ein derartiges Verstrecken vor der Weiterverarbeitung der Fasern zu ermöglichen, werden die zuvor aufgeführten vororientierten Fasern über ein erstes Lieferwerk, das mit einer ersten Geschwindigkeit angetrieben wird, einem Stift zugeführt. Hierbei werden die Fasern um einen bestimmten Winkel, beispielsweise zwischen 270 und 360°, vorzugsweise 360°, um den Stift umgelenkt und mit einem zweiten Lieferwerk, das mit einer zweiten Geschwindigkeit die Fasern transportiert, abgezogen. Dabei wird ein auf eine Temperatur von 140° C bis 200° C erwärmter Stift verwendet, der einen Durchmesser zwischen etwa 40 mm und etwa 80 mm besitzt. Üblicherweise werden die Fasern mit einem Verstreckungsgrad von etwa 1 : 1,5 bis 1 : 1,7 verstreckt, wobei der Verstreckungsgrad definiert ist als Verhältnis der ersten Geschwindigkeit (d.h. der Geschwindigkeit des ersten Lieferwerkes) zur zweiten Geschwindigkeit (d.h. der Geschwindigkeit des zweiten Lieferwerkes).In order to enable such stretching before further processing of the fibers, the previously oriented pre-oriented fibers are fed to a pin via a first delivery mechanism which is driven at a first speed. Here, the fibers are deflected around the pin by a certain angle, for example between 270 and 360 °, preferably 360 °, and drawn off with a second delivery mechanism which transports the fibers at a second speed. A pin heated to a temperature of 140 ° C to 200 ° C is used, which has a diameter between about 40 mm and about 80 mm. The fibers are usually drawn with a degree of stretching of approximately 1: 1.5 to 1: 1.7, the degree of stretching being defined as the ratio of the first speed (ie the speed of the first delivery unit) to the second speed (ie the speed of the second delivery unit) ).

Wie bereits vorstehend dargelegt, werden durch eine derartige Verstreckung im wesentlichen die textilen Eigenschaften des Fasermaterials festgelegt. Die Festigkeit der Fasern nimmt dabei mit zunehmendem Verstreckungsgrad zu. Hierbei sind jedoch bei dem bekannten Verfahren, das einen beheizten Stift verwendet, bezüglich des Verstreckungsgrades Grenzen gesetzt, da abhängig von der jeweils verwendeten Faser bei einem Verstreckungsgrad zwischen etwa 1 : 1,7 und 1 : 1,9 unerwünschte Brüche von Einzelfilamenten (Kapillarbrüche) auftreten.As already explained above, such a stretching essentially determines the textile properties of the fiber material. The strength of the fibers increases with the degree of stretching. However, in the known method using a heated pin, there are limits to the degree of stretching, since depending on the fiber used in each case, with a degree of stretching between approximately 1: 1.7 and 1: 1.9, undesirable breaks in individual filaments (capillary breaks) occur.

Ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patentanspruchs 1 ist aus der US-A-36 94 872 bekannt. Hierbei wird bei dem bekannten Verfahren als Ausgangsmaterial ein nicht verstrecktes Polyethylen-, Polypropylen-, Polyurethan- oder Nylon-Multifilamentgarn eingesetzt, das mit Hilfe eines entsprechenden Streckstiftes, dessen Dimensionen in der US-A-36 94 872 offengelassen sind, verstreckt wird. Anschließend nach der Verstreckung wird das Garn auf eine Temperatur zwischen 250 °C und 325 °C erwärmt. Durch die bekannte Verstreckung ist es jedoch nicht möglich, die Festigkeit des Garnes nennenswert zu erhöhen.A method with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from US-A-36 94 872. Here, in the known method, an undrawn polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane or nylon multifilament yarn is used as the starting material, which is stretched with the aid of a corresponding stretching pin, the dimensions of which are open in US Pat. No. 3,694,872. Then, after drawing, the yarn is heated to a temperature between 250 ° C and 325 ° C. Due to the known drawing, however, it is not possible to significantly increase the strength of the yarn.

Ergänzend zu dem vorstehend aufgeführten Stand der Technik wird noch auf die US-A-40 44 089 verwiesen, die ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Garnen beschreibt, bei denen über die Garnlänge gesehen bewußt erzeugte Dick- und Dünnstellen vorhanden sind. In dieser amerikanischen Patentschrift ist zwar der Durchmesser des dort eingesetzten Streckstiftes mit 0,495 cm angegeben, wobei jedoch auch hier ein nicht verstrecktes Ausgangsmaterial eingesetzt wird. Darüber hinaus gibt diese amerikanische Patentschrift keinerlei Hinweise darauf, daß durch ein derartiges Verstrecken die Festigkeit des verstreckten Garnes entsprechend verändert wird.In addition to the prior art listed above, reference is also made to US-A-40 44 089, which describes a process for the production of yarns in which thick and thin spots deliberately produced over the yarn length are present. In this American patent, the diameter of the straightening pin used there is specified as 0.495 cm, but here, too, an undrawn starting material is used. In addition, this American patent specification gives no indication that the strength of the drawn yarn is changed accordingly by such drawing.

Die vorangemeldete und nachveröffentlichte WO-A-8 809 403 beschreibt ein anderes Verstreckungsverfahren, das auf einen entsprechenden Streckstift gänzlich verzichtet. Hierbei wird das multifile Garn, das mindestens eine multifile Klebegarnkomponente enthält, zwischen zwei Galetten verstreckt.The previously reported and post-published WO-A-8 809 403 describes another stretching method which dispenses entirely with a corresponding stretching pin. The multifilament yarn, which contains at least one multifilament adhesive yarn component, is stretched between two godets.

In der US-A 4 615 167 ist ein Verstreckungsverfahren beschrieben, das, wie der eingangs genannte Stand der Technik, einen beheizten Stift einsetzt, wobei Dimensionen zu dem geheizten Stift in dieser amerikanischen Patentschrift nicht genannt sind. Der bei dem bekannten Verfahren angewendete Verstreckungsgrad entspricht dem für das jeweils zu verstreckende Garn üblichen Verstreckungsgrad oder er liegt unter dem üblichen Verstreckungsgrad. Das so versteckte Garn wird anschließend gemäß der US-A 4 615 167 mit einem Effektgarn verwirbelt. Das hierbei entstehende Garn weist wahlweise Garnschlaufen bzw. Garnschlingen auf, deren Durchmesser im Vergleich zu dem Durchmesser der Garnschlingen bzw. Garnschlaufen, die unmittelbar nach dem Verwirbeln entstehen, nicht verkleinert sind. Darüber hinaus beschreibt die US-A 4 615 167 noch eine weitere Garnvariante, bei der das Kernmaterial durch zusammengezogene Garnschlaufen bzw. Garnschlingen eingeschnürt ist. Als Ausgangsmaterial wird bei dem bekannten Verfahren ein POY-Garn eingesetzt, wobei jedoch die US-A 4 615 167 offen läßt, um welches Material es sich dabei handelt.US-A 4 615 167 describes a stretching method which, like the prior art mentioned at the outset, uses a heated pin, dimensions of the heated pin not being mentioned in this American patent. The degree of stretching used in the known method corresponds to the degree of stretching which is customary for the yarn to be drawn in each case or is below the usual degree of stretching. The yarn thus hidden is then swirled with an effect yarn in accordance with US Pat. No. 4,615,167. The resulting yarn optionally has yarn loops or yarn loops, the diameter of which is not reduced in comparison to the diameter of the yarn loops or yarn loops that arise immediately after the intermingling. In addition, US Pat. No. 4,615,167 describes yet another yarn variant in which the core material is constricted by contraction of the yarn loops or yarn loops. A POY yarn is used as the starting material in the known process, but US-A 4 615 167 leaves open what material it is.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der angegebenen Art zur Verfügung zu stellen, durch das Garne mit einer besonders hohen Festigkeit herstellbar sind.The present invention has for its object to provide a method of the type specified by which yarns with a particularly high strength can be produced.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the characterizing features of patent claim 1.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beruht auf dem Grundgedanken, anstelle des vorstehend beheizten Stiftes des Standes der Technik einen unbeheizten Stift zu verwenden. Hierbei werden die eingesetzten zuvor beschriebenen vororientierten Fasern (normale POY-Garne, POY-Garne mit höherem Polymerisationsgrad), bei denen es sich um Polyestergarne handelt und als Multifilamentgarne vorliegen, um den unbeheizten Stift um etwa 270° bis etwa 360°, vorzugsweise etwa 360°, umgelenkt. Der unbeheizte Stift weist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren einen Durchmesser auf, der kleiner als 10 mm ist. Unmittelbar nach dem Umlenken um den Stift werden die Polyester-Multifilamentgarne auf eine Temperatur zwischen etwa 100° C und etwa 250° C für 0,01 s bis 10 s erwärmt. Als Verstreckungsgrad wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ein Verstreckungsgrad von maximal 1 : 2,7 eingestellt.The method according to the invention is based on the basic idea of using an unheated pin instead of the previously heated pin of the prior art. Here, the pre-oriented fibers described above (normal POY yarns, POY yarns with a higher degree of polymerization), which are polyester yarns and are present as multifilament yarns, are around the unheated pin by about 270 ° to about 360 °, preferably about 360 °, redirected. In the method according to the invention, the unheated pin has a diameter which is less than 10 mm. Immediately after the deflection around the pin, the polyester multifilament yarns are heated to a temperature between about 100 ° C and about 250 ° C for 0.01 s to 10 s. In the process according to the invention, a maximum degree of stretching of 1: 2.7 is set as the degree of stretching.

Das zuvor beschriebene erfindungsgemäße Verfahren weist eine Reihe von Vorteilen auf. So konnte festgestellt werden, daß bei einem gleichen Verstreckungsgrad die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren behändelten Polyester-Garne im Vergleich zu Garnen, die nach dem zuvor beschriebenen, bekannten Verfahren verarbeitet wurden, eine bis zu 25 % höhere spezifische Festigkeit aufweisen. Hierbei ist die spezifische Festigkeit definiert als Kraft pro Titer (cN/tex). Auch besitzen die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Polyester-Garne im Vergleich zu den nach dem herkömmlichen Verfahren verarbeiteten Garnen einen bis zu 40 % geringeren freien Thermoschrumpf. Dies wiederum führt dazu, daß die aus den erfindungsgemäßen Polyester-Garnen hergestellten Endprodukte, beispielsweise Nähgarne, Kettgarne, Schußgarne oder gewebte und gewirkte Flächengebilde, bei der weiteren Verarbeitung, beispielsweise beim Färben, Drucken, Dämpfen oder in der Konfektion, oder im Endgebrauch, beispielsweise beim Waschen oder Bügeln, eine ausgezeichnete Dimensionsstabilität bei thermischen oder hydrothermischen Behandlungen aufweisen.The inventive method described above has a number of advantages. It was thus found that, with the same degree of stretching, the polyester yarns treated by the process according to the invention have up to 25% higher specific strength than yarns processed by the known process described above. The specific strength is defined as the force per titer (cN / tex). The polyester yarns produced according to the invention also have up to 40% less free thermal shrinkage than the yarns processed by the conventional method. This in turn leads to the end products produced from the polyester yarns according to the invention, for example sewing threads, warp threads, weft threads or woven and knitted fabrics, in further processing, for example in dyeing, printing, steaming or in confectioning, or in end use, for example when washing or ironing, have excellent dimensional stability in thermal or hydrothermal treatments.

Darüberhinaus weist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren noch einen weiteren wesentlichen Vorteil auf. So ist es durch Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens möglich, besonders hohe Verstreckungsgrade anzuwenden, die bei dem konventionellen Verfahren wegen des Auftretens von Fadenbrüchen (Kapillarbrüchen) nicht angewendet werden können. So treten beispielsweise bei dem konventionellen Verfahren abhängig von dem jeweiligen Ausgangsmaterial diese Kapillarbrüche bereits bei einem Verstreckungsgrad von etwa 1 : 1,8 bis maximal 1 : 2,0 auf. Hingegen können die gleichen Ausgangsmaterialien bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bis zu einem Verstreckungsgrad von 1 : 2,3 und maximal 1 : 2,7 verstreckt werden, bevor die ersten Kapillarbrüche auftreten. Dies wiederum führt dazu, daß die spezifische Festigkeit der erfindungsgemäß bearbeiteten Polyester-Garne im Vergleich zu konventionell hergestellten Garnen zwischen etwa 35 % und etwa 50 % höher liegt, wie dies die nachfolgend noch wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispiele belegen. Hierdurch wird es wiederum möglich, aus Ausgangsmaterialien mit normaler Festigkeit durch Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens hochfeste Polyester-Garne herzustellen, so daß auf die Verwendung von entsprechend hochfesten Ausgangsmaterialien, die entsprechend kostspielig sind, verzichtet werden kann. Neben den Kostenvorteilen eröffnet das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren darüberhinaus noch völlig neue technologische Bereiche, wie dies nachfolgend noch am Beispiel von Nähgarnen dargelegt wird.In addition, the method according to the invention has another significant advantage. Thus, by using the method according to the invention, it is possible to use particularly high degrees of stretching, which cannot be used in the conventional method due to the occurrence of thread breaks (capillary breaks). In the conventional method, for example, depending on the respective starting material, these capillary breaks already occur with a degree of stretching of approximately 1: 1.8 to a maximum of 1: 2.0. On the other hand, the same starting materials can be stretched in the process according to the invention up to a degree of stretching of 1: 2.3 and a maximum of 1: 2.7 before the first capillary breaks occur. This in turn leads to the specific strength of the invention processed polyester yarns is between about 35% and about 50% higher compared to conventionally produced yarns, as evidenced by the exemplary embodiments shown below. This in turn makes it possible to produce high-strength polyester yarns from starting materials with normal strength, so that the use of corresponding high-strength starting materials, which are correspondingly expensive, can be dispensed with. In addition to the cost advantages, the method according to the invention also opens up completely new technological areas, as will be explained below using the example of sewing threads.

Die zuvor beschriebenen Vorteile, die durch die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erreichbar sind, werden darauf zurückgeführt, daß bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren der Verstreckungspunkt zwischen dem unbeheizten Stift und der beheizten Zone angeordnet ist, was eine bessere und höhere Orientierung der in den Fasern des Garnes angeordneten Makromoleküle bewirkt. Hierdurch wird die höhere spezifische Festigkeit und die geringere Schrumpfneigung der so hergestellten Fasern erklärlich.The advantages described above, which can be achieved by using the method according to the invention, are attributed to the fact that in the method according to the invention the drawing point is arranged between the unheated pin and the heated zone, which results in better and higher orientation of the fibers arranged in the yarn Macromolecules causes. This explains the higher specific strength and the lower tendency to shrink of the fibers produced in this way.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren richten sich die Temperatur, die Verweilzeit und der Verstreckungsgrad nach dem jeweils eingesetzten Ausgangsmaterial. Als Ausgangsmaterial wird, wie vorstehend beschrieben, eine vororientierte Polyester-Faser (normales POY-Multifilamentgarne, POY-Multifilamentgarne mit höheren Polymerisationsgrad) verwendet. Besonders gute Ergebnisse bezüglich der spezifischen Festigkeit und eines niedrigen Thermoschrumpfes lassen sich bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren dann erzielen, wenn man Verweilzeiten zwischen etwa 0,05 s und etwa 1 s bei Temperaturen zwischen etwa 180° C und etwa 240° C auswählt, wobei die zuvor genannten Verweilzeiten und Temperaturen von der Art der Erwärmung abhängen. Vorzugsweise wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren das eingesetzte Ausgangsmaterial nach dem Umlenken um den Stift durch direktem Kontakt mit einer erhitzten Heizeinrichtung erwärmt. Als Heizeinrichtung können die bekannten Kontaktheizungen, wie beispielsweise eine Heiztrommel oder insbesondere eine Heizplatte, die in der Fachsprache als hotplate bezeichnet wird, verwendet werden. Ebenso ist es möglich, das Polyester-Multifilamentgarn durch indirekte Heizung, beispielsweise über entsprechend ausgebildete Heizrohre, auf die zuvor genannten Temperaturen zu erwärmen. Auch kann die Aufheizung des Polyester-Multifilamentgarnes durch Bestrahlung erfolgen, wobei hierfür IR-Strahler oder vorzugsweise Laser, insbesondere Gaslaser, wie beispielsweise CO₂- oder CO-Laser, verwendet werden.In the process according to the invention, the temperature, the residence time and the degree of stretching depend on the starting material used in each case. As described above, a pre-oriented polyester fiber (normal POY multifilament yarns, POY multifilament yarns with a higher degree of polymerization) is used as the starting material. Particularly good results in terms of specific strength and low thermal shrinkage can be achieved in the process according to the invention if dwell times between about 0.05 s and about 1 s at temperatures between about 180 ° C and about 240 ° C, the aforementioned residence times and temperatures depending on the type of heating. In the method according to the invention, the starting material used is preferably heated after being deflected around the pin by direct contact with a heated heating device. The known contact heaters, such as, for example, a heating drum or in particular a heating plate, which is referred to in technical jargon as a hotplate, can be used as the heating device. It is also possible to heat the polyester multifilament yarn to the above-mentioned temperatures by indirect heating, for example via appropriately designed heating pipes. The polyester multifilament yarn can also be heated by irradiation, using IR emitters or preferably lasers, in particular gas lasers, such as CO₂ or CO lasers, for this purpose.

Wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren das Multifilamentgarn über einen direkten Kontakt mit der Heizeinrichtung erwärmt, so stellt man vorzugsweise die Temperatur der Heizeinrichtung auf einen Wert zwischen etwa 180° C und etwa 240° C ein. Abhängig von der jeweiligen Erwärmungszeit, die vorzugsweise hierbei zwischen etwa 0,05 s und etwa 1 s liegt, wird das bearbeitete Material etwa auf eine Temperatur zwischen 140° C (bei kurzen Kontaktzeiten) und etwa 220° C (bei den zuvor genannten längeren Kontaktzeiten) erhitzt. Eine derartige, relativ hohe Materialtemperatur ist trotz der zuvor genannten relativ kurzen Kontaktzeiten nicht ungewöhnlich, da aufgrund von Messungen festgestellt werden konnte, daß sich das Material beim Umlenken um den Stift aufgrund der zwischen dem Stift und dem Material auftretenden Reibung auf einen Temperaturbereich zwischen etwa 35° C und etwa 75° C, in der Regel auf etwa 50° C, erhitzt. Ist bei bestimmten Ausgangsmaterialien ein derartiges Erhitzen unerwünscht, so sieht eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vor, daß der Stift über ein geeignetes Fluid gekühlt wird. Hierdurch wird in besonders geeigneter Weise sichergestellt, daß auch bei längerer Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens keine unkontrollierte, sich ständig erhöhende Erwärmung des Materials auftritt, was ggf. zu unerwünschten Schwankungen in der Faserstruktur und damit in den Eigenschaften führen kann.If, in the method according to the invention, the multifilament yarn is heated by direct contact with the heating device, the temperature of the heating device is preferably set to a value between approximately 180 ° C. and approximately 240 ° C. Depending on the respective heating time, which is preferably between approximately 0.05 s and approximately 1 s, the processed material is approximately at a temperature between 140 ° C. (with short contact times) and approximately 220 ° C. (with the previously mentioned longer contact times) ) heated. Such a, relatively high material temperature is not unusual despite the aforementioned relatively short contact times, since measurements have shown that the material, when deflected around the pin, changes to a temperature range between approximately 35 due to the friction that occurs between the pin and the material ° C and heated to about 75 ° C, typically to about 50 ° C. If such heating is undesirable for certain starting materials, a further embodiment of the method according to the invention provides for the pen to be cooled using a suitable fluid. This ensures in a particularly suitable manner that even with prolonged use of the method according to the invention there is no uncontrolled, constantly increasing heating of the material, which may lead to undesirable fluctuations in the fiber structure and thus in the properties.

Im einfachsten Fall wird die vorbeschriebene Kühlung dadurch erreicht, daß man den Stift und das darum geführte Material ständig mit einem Luftstrom anbläst. Ebenso ist es möglich, innerhalb des Stiftes eine Kühlvorrichtung für diesen vorzusehen, die kontinuierlich von einem geeigneten Kühlfluid, beispielsweise Wasser oder Freon, durchströmt wird.In the simplest case, the cooling described above is achieved by continuously blowing the pen and the material around it with an air stream. It is also possible to provide a cooling device for the pen, through which a suitable cooling fluid, for example water or freon, flows continuously.

Um bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren besonders niedrige Thermoschrumpfwerte des bearbeiteten Polyester-Multifilamentgarnes sicherzustellen, wird dieses vorzugsweise nach dem Erwärmen unter einer vorgegebenen Länge abgekühlt. Hierbei wird die Länge abhängig von dem jeweiligen Material derart ausgebildet, daß das Material beim Abkühlen bis auf eine Temperatur von etwa 40° C bis etwa 60° C frei schrumpfen kann. Selbstverständlich ist es jedoch auch möglich, in der Abkühlphase auf das Polyester-Multifilamentgarn eine vorgegebene Spannung einwirken zu lassen.In order to ensure particularly low thermal shrinkage values of the processed polyester multifilament yarn in the method according to the invention, this is preferably cooled to a predetermined length after heating. Here, the length is formed depending on the respective material in such a way that the material can shrink freely when it cools down to a temperature of about 40.degree. However, it is of course also possible to let a predetermined tension act on the polyester multifilament yarn in the cooling phase.

Abhängig von der Weiterverarbeitung des nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Polyester-Multifilamentgarnes kann dieses unter Spannung, spannungslos oder mit Voreilung aufgewickelt werden. Wird das Polyestergarne im Anschluß an die Herstellung gefärbt, so empfiehlt es sich, es spannungslos auf entsprechende für die Färbung verwendete Hülsen aufzuwickeln, so daß das Garne beim Färben noch schrumpfen kann. Die so gefärbten Polyester-Multifilamentgarne weisen dann einen nochmals verringerten Koch- bzw. Thermoschrumpf bei 180°C auf.Depending on the further processing of the polyester multifilament yarn produced by the method according to the invention, it can be wound up under tension, without tension or with lead. If the polyester yarn is dyed after production, it is recommended to use it without tension on corresponding cores used for dyeing, so that the yarns can still shrink during dyeing. The polyester multifilament yarns dyed in this way then have a further reduced cooking or thermal shrinkage at 180 ° C.

Wie bereits vorstehend ausgeführt, kann bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren der Verstreckungsgrad (1.Geschwindigkeit: 2.Geschwindigkeit) genauso hoch sein wie bei dem bekannten Verfahren, d.h. abhängig von dem jeweils eingesetzten Polyester-Multifilamentgarne, zwischen etwa 1 : 1,3 bis etwa 1 : 1,9. Besonders hohe Festigkeiten erzielt man, wenn man bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren einen Verstreckungsgrad von größer als 1 : 2,0, insbesondere einen Verstreckungsgrad zwischen 1 : 2,1 bis 1 : 2,7 auswählt, da bei diesen relativ hohen Verstreckungsgraden eine nochmalige Zunahme der spezifischen Festigkeit (in Kraft pro Titer; cN/tex) feststellbar ist. Die zuvor genannten Verstreckungsgrade beziehen sich dabei auf Polyester-Multifilamentgarne aus vororientierten Fasern (POY-Garnen), die eine für textile Zwecke übliche Elementarfadenzahl zwischen etwa 20 und etwa 500, vorzugsweise zwischen etwa 30 und etwa 150 haben. Ferner weisen sie einen üblichen Titer zwischen etwa 100 dtex und etwa 1000 dtex, vorzugsweise zwischen etwa 100 dtex und etwa 600 dtex, auf.As already stated above, the degree of stretching (1st speed: 2nd speed) can be as high in the method according to the invention as in the known method, i.e. depending on the polyester multifilament yarn used, between about 1: 1.3 to about 1: 1.9. Particularly high strengths are achieved if a degree of stretching of greater than 1: 2.0, in particular a degree of stretching between 1: 2.1 to 1: 2.7, is selected in the process according to the invention, since at these relatively high degrees of stretching there is a further increase in the specific strength (in force per titer; cN / tex) can be determined. The degrees of stretching mentioned above relate to polyester multifilament yarns made from pre-oriented fibers (POY yarns), which have a number of filament yarns between about 20 and about 500, preferably between about 30 and about 150, which is common for textile purposes. Furthermore, they have a customary titer between approximately 100 dtex and approximately 1000 dtex, preferably between approximately 100 dtex and approximately 600 dtex.

Allgemein ist festzuhalten, daß bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren der Verstreckungsgrad üblicherweise zwischen etwa 5 % und etwa 50 %, vorzugsweise zwischen etwa 20 % und etwa 40 %,über dem Verstreckungsgrad liegt, den der Hersteller des jeweiligen Materials empfiehlt. Als obere Grenze des Verstreckungsgrades ist ein Wert anzusehen, der zwischen etwa 5 % und etwa 25 % unter dem Verstreckungsgrad liegt, bei dem es zu einem Bruch des Polyester-Multifilamentgarnes kommt. Berücksichtigt man die zuvor allgemein genannte untere und obere Grenze des Verstreckungsgrades, so sind durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren Polyester Multifilamentgarne herstellbar, die im Vergleich zu herkömmlich hergestellten Garnen eine deutlich erhöhte spezifische Festigkeit und einen erheblich verringerten freien Thermoschrumpf bzw. Kochschrumpf aufweisen. Durch Variation des Verstreckungsgrades können die spezifische Festigkeit, der Thermoschrumpf sowie der Kochschrumpf an die jeweiligen Erfordernisse angepaßt werden.In general, it should be noted that in the process according to the invention the degree of stretching is usually between about 5% and about 50%, preferably between about 20% and about 40%, above the degree of stretching which the manufacturer of the respective material recommends. The upper limit of the degree of stretching is a value which is between approximately 5% and approximately 25% below the degree of stretching at which the polyester multifilament yarn breaks. Taking into account the previously mentioned general Lower and upper limits of the degree of stretching, polyester multifilament yarns can be produced by the process according to the invention, which have a significantly increased specific strength and a significantly reduced free thermal shrinkage or boiling shrinkage compared to yarns produced conventionally. By varying the degree of stretching, the specific strength, the thermal shrinkage and the cooking shrinkage can be adapted to the respective requirements.

Vorzugsweise wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren als Ausgangsmaterial ein vororientiertes Polyester-Multifilamentgarn eingesetzt, das entsprechend den vorstehenden Ausführungen behandelt wird.In the method according to the invention, a pre-oriented polyester multifilament yarn is preferably used as the starting material, which is treated in accordance with the above statements.

Eine andere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, daß als Ausgangsmaterial ein vororientiertes Polyester-Multifilamentgarn mit höhrem Polymerisationsgrad eingesetzt wird, wobei hierbei bezüglich der Verfahrensparameter die zuvor dargelegten Ausführungen gelten. Bei einem derartigen Ausgangsmaterial werden im Vergleich zu einem Material, das herkömmlich behandelt worden ist, die spezifische Festigkeit nochmals deutlich verbessert und der Thermoschrumpf bei 180° C bzw. der Kochschrumpf weiter verringert.Another embodiment of the process according to the invention provides that a pre-oriented polyester multifilament yarn with a high degree of polymerization is used as the starting material, the statements made above regarding the process parameters apply here. With such a starting material, the specific strength is again significantly improved compared to a material that has been treated conventionally and the thermal shrinkage at 180 ° C. or the cooking shrinkage are further reduced.

Bei einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens versieht man das gemäß den zuvor dargelegten Ausführungen behandelte Polyester Multifilamentgarn vor der Aufwicklung mit einer Drehung, wobei diese Drehung zwischen etwa 5 Drehungen/m und etwa 400 Drehungen/m, vorzugsweise zwischen etwa 8 Drehungen/m und etwa 30 Drehungen/m, beträgt.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the polyester multifilament yarn treated as described above is provided before winding with one rotation, this rotation being between about 5 turns / m and about 400 turns / m, preferably between about 8 turns / m and about 30 turns / m.

Anschließend wird das gedrehte Polyester Multifilamentgarn aufgewickelt und kann in beliebiger Weise weiterverarbeitet werden, was beispielsweise durch Texturieren, Zwirnen, Färben, Avivieren und/oder Verweben geschehen kann.The twisted polyester multifilament yarn is then wound up and can be further processed in any way, which can be done, for example, by texturing, twisting, dyeing, finishing and / or weaving.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, daß man das Polyester Multifilamentgarn anschließend in einem Fluidstrom mit einem zweiten Garn (Effektgarn) unter Ausbildung eines mit Schlaufen und Schlingen versehenen Kern-Mantel-Garnes verwirbelt, wobei man die Verwirbelung derart durchführt, daß das Multifilamentgarn den innenliegenden Kern und das zweite Garn (Effektgarn) den den Kern umhüllenden Mantel bildet. Ein derartiges Verwirbeln nimmt man in den an sich bekannten Düseneinrichtungen vor. Der besondere Vorteil des nach dem zuvor beschriebenen Verfahren hergestellten Garnes liegt gegenüber einem nach dem Stand der Technik hergestellten entsprechenden Garn darin, daß sich das erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Kern-Mantel-Garn neben einer höheren Festigkeit, einem geringeren Thermo- und Kochschrumpf insbesondere durch eine gleichmäßige Ton-in-Ton-Färbung auszeichnet. Hierbei färbt sich nicht, wie bei dem herkömmlich hergestellten Kern-Mantel-Garn, das Kerngarn (Coregarn) im Vergleich zu dem umhüllenden Mantelgarn (Effektgarn), die beide aus dem gleichen Material bestehen, dunkler, heller oder in einem anderen Ton an. Vielmehr weisen beide Garnkomponenten (Kern- und Effektkomponente) sowohl einen gleichen Farbton als auch eine gleiche Farbtiefe auf. Dies trifft auch selbst dann zu, wenn der Titer der Einzelfilamente des Kerngarnes im Vergleich zu dem Titer der Einzelfilamente dem Effektgarnes wesentlich größer oder kleiner ist, beispielsweise um einen Faktor zwischen 1,5 und 4.A particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the polyester multifilament yarn is subsequently intermingled in a fluid stream with a second yarn (fancy yarn) to form a core-sheath yarn provided with loops and loops, the intermingling being carried out in such a way that the Multifilament yarn forms the inner core and the second yarn (fancy yarn) forms the sheath enveloping the core. Such swirling is carried out in the nozzle devices known per se. The particular advantage of the yarn produced by the previously described method compared to a corresponding yarn produced according to the prior art is that the core-jacket yarn produced in accordance with the invention has a higher strength, a lower thermal and cooking shrinkage, in particular due to a uniform tone -in-tone coloring. Here, as with the conventionally produced core-sheath yarn, the core yarn (core yarn) does not become darker, lighter or in a different tone in comparison to the enveloping sheath yarn (fancy yarn), which both consist of the same material. Rather, both yarn components (core and effect components) have both the same color tone and the same color depth. This also applies even if the titer of the individual filaments of the core yarn in comparison to the titer of the individual filaments, the fancy yarn is significantly larger or smaller, for example by a factor between 1.5 and 4.

Die zuvor beschriebene Verbesserung dem Anfärbeverhaltens dem nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Polyestergarnes wird darauf zurückgeführt, daß durch die Verwendung eines ungeheizten Stiftes mit dem zuvor genannten Durchmesser, die mich hieran unmittelbar anschließende thermische Behandlung, die in ihrer Temperatur und in ihrer Verweilzeit in den zuvor genannten Werten variierbar ist, und durch die zuvor beschriebenen Bedingungen beim Abkühlen, bei denen die Spannung verändert werden kann, das Anfärbeverhalten des Kernmaterials an das Anfärbeverhalten des Effektmaterials anpaßbar ist.The above-described improvement in the dyeing behavior of the polyester yarn produced by the process according to the invention is attributed to the fact that, by using an unheated stick with the aforementioned diameter, the thermal treatment which immediately followed me, the temperature and residence time of the aforementioned Values can be varied, and due to the previously described cooling conditions in which the voltage can be changed, the coloring behavior of the core material can be adapted to the coloring behavior of the effect material.

Üblicherweise werden bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren das den Kern bildende Polyester-Multifilamentgarn und das den Mantel bildende Effektgarn mit einer Voreilung verwirbelt. Vorzugsweise werden hierfür für das Multifilamentgarn Voreilungen ausgewählt, die zwischen etwa 1 % und etwa 7 % liegen. Für das Effektgarn betragen die Voreilungswerte etwa 15 % und etwa 45 %.In the method according to the invention, the polyester multifilament yarn forming the core and the effect yarn forming the sheath are usually swirled with a lead. For this purpose, leads are preferably selected for the multifilament yarn which lie between approximately 1% and approximately 7%. The lead values for the fancy yarn are about 15% and about 45%.

Um eine besonders hohe Verwirbelung, d.h. eine hohe Zahl von sich selbst kreuzenden Schleifen oder Schlaufen, zu erreichen, sieht eine weitere Ausführungsform dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vor, daß vor dem Verwirbeln das Kernmaterial mit Wasser oder einer wäßrigen Dispersion genetzt wird. Hierbei bewirkt das Wasser bzw. die wäßrige Dispersion, daß die Reibung zwischen den Einzelfilamenten verringert wird. Ferner intensiviert der Wasserzusatz die Verwirbelung, was sich insbesondere bei Verwendung einer wäßrigen Dispersion bemerkbar macht. Als wäßrige Dispersionen können solche verwendet werden, die kornartige Partikel aufweisen, deren spezifisches Gewicht größer als 1 g/cm³ ist. Die Konzentration der kornartigen Partikel in einer derartigen Dispersion liegt zwischen etwa 5 g/l und etwa 150 g/l, vorzugsweise zwischen etwa 30 g/l und etwa 60 g/l. Die Durchmesser der kornartigen Partikel variieren zwischen etwa 4 »m und etwa 400 »m, insbesondere zwischen etwa 20 »m und etwa 100 »m. Die Härte nach Mohs der Kornpartikel beträgt zwischen 1 und 6 1/2, vorzugsweise zwischen 3 und 5. Als kornartige Partikel können beispielsweise Talkum, Kieselgur, Aluminiumoxid, Titandioxid und/oder Bariumsulfat eingesetzt werden, wobei es ebenso möglich ist, anstelle der Dispersion eine Suspension in der zuvor genannten Konzentration und Zusammensetzung zu verwenden.In order to achieve a particularly high level of turbulence, ie a high number of self-intersecting loops or loops, a further embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the core material is wetted with water or an aqueous dispersion before the turbulence. The water or the aqueous dispersion has the effect that the friction between the individual filaments is reduced. The addition of water intensifies the turbulence, which is particularly noticeable when using an aqueous dispersion. As aqueous dispersions can be used that have granular particles whose specific weight is greater than 1 g / cm³. The concentration of the granular particles in such a dispersion is between about 5 g / l and about 150 g / l, preferably between about 30 g / l and about 60 g / l. The diameters of the granular particles vary between approximately 4 »m and approximately 400» m, in particular between approximately 20 »m and approximately 100» m. The Mohs hardness of the grain particles is between 1 and 6 1/2, preferably between 3 and 5. For example, talc, diatomaceous earth, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide and / or barium sulfate can be used as grain-like particles, it also being possible to use a instead of the dispersion Use suspension in the concentration and composition mentioned above.

Üblicherweise wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren als Effektgarn ein Multifilamentgarn verwendet, das etwa die Hälfte der Elementarfäden des Kerngarnes aufweist. So besitzt ein typisches Kernmaterial zwischen etwa 40 und etwa 500 Elementarfäden, vorzugsweise zwischen etwa 50 und etwa 150.Usually a multifilament yarn is used as the fancy yarn in the method according to the invention, which has about half of the elementary threads of the core yarn. For example, a typical core material has between about 40 and about 500 filaments, preferably between about 50 and about 150.

Der Titer des Effektgarnes beträgt üblicherweise etwa 15 % bis etwa 40 % des Titer des Kerngarnes. Normalerweise werden Kerngarne mit einem Titer zwischen etwa 100 dtex und etwa 1000 dtex, vorzugsweise zwischen etwa 100 dtex und etwa 600 dtex, verwendet.The titer of the fancy yarn is usually about 15% to about 40% of the titer of the core yarn. Core yarns with a titer between approximately 100 dtex and approximately 1000 dtex, preferably between approximately 100 dtex and approximately 600 dtex, are normally used.

Ein besonders bezüglich des Farbtones und der Farbtiefe gleichmäßiges Anfärbeverhalten kann bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens dadurch erreicht werden, daß man das Effektgarn vor dem Verwirbeln ebenfalls um einen unbeheizten Stift mit einem Durchmesser kleiner als 10 mm um einen Winkel zwischen 270° und 360°, vorzugsweise 360°, umlenkt, und anschließend das Effektgarn unmittelbar nach dem Umlenken auf eine Temperatur zwischen 100° C und 250° C, insbesondere auf eine Temperatur zwischen 180° C und 240° C, für 0,01 s bis 10 s, insbesondere für 0,05 s bis 1 s, erwärmt. Hierdurch wird vor der Verwirbelung das Effektgarn in seiner Behandlung an die Behandlung des Kerngarnes angepaßt. Dies trifft insbesondere dann zu, wenn man das Effektgarn und das Kerngarn mit dem selben Verstreckungsgrad verstreckt, der in den eingangs beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren genannten Größenbereichen liegt. Besonders vorteilhaft auf das Anfärbeverhalten des Effektgarnes wirkt es sich dann noch aus, wenn man die Abkühlbedingungen bezüglich der Spannung beim Abkühlen und der Abkühlrate an die Abkühlbedingungen des Kerngarnes anpaßt.A dyeing behavior which is particularly uniform with regard to the color tone and the depth of color can be achieved in a further embodiment of the method according to the invention by also spinning the fancy yarn around an unheated pin with a diameter of less than 10 mm at an angle between 270 ° and 360 ° before the swirling , preferably 360 °, and then the fancy yarn immediately after the deflection to a temperature between 100 ° C and 250 ° C, in particular to a temperature between 180 ° C and 240 ° C, for 0.01 s to 10 s, especially for 0.05 s to 1 s, heated. As a result, the fancy yarn is adapted in its treatment to the treatment of the core yarn before the intermingling. This is particularly true if the fancy yarn and the core yarn are drawn with the same degree of drawing, which is in the size ranges mentioned at the outset in the process according to the invention. It has a particularly advantageous effect on the dyeing behavior of the fancy yarn if the cooling conditions with regard to the tension during cooling and the cooling rate are adapted to the cooling conditions of the core yarn.

Die zuvor dargelegten Ausführungen sind auf ein Verfahren gerichtet, bei dem ein Effektgarn mit einem Kerngarn verwirbelt werden. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren mehrere Kerngarne mit einem Effektgarn oder mehrere Effektgarne mit einem Kerngarn zu verwirbeln, wobei vorzugsweise ein bis vier Kerngarne mit ein bis vier Effektgarnen verwirbelt werden.The above explanations are directed to a method in which a fancy yarn is interwoven with a core yarn. Of course, it is also possible in the method according to the invention to interweave several core yarns with one fancy yarn or several fancy yarns with one core yarn, preferably one to four core yarns with one to four fancy yarns.

Auch kann man Karn- und Effektgarn statt miteinander zu verwirbeln auch nach einem herkömmlichen Verfahren miteinander verzwirnen.You can also twist floss and fancy yarns together using a conventional process instead of intermingling.

Um den Verbund der Einzelfilamente der so hergestellten verwirbelten Garne weiter zu verbessern, sieht eine andere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vor, daß man die Garne nach dem Verwirbeln mit einer Drehung zwischen etwa 100 Drehungen/m und etwa 400 Drehungen/m, vorzugsweise zwischen etwa 150 Drehungen/m und etwa 300 Drehungen/m, versieht. Ist hingegen ein sehr voluminöses Garn erwünscht, so kann das nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellte Garn auch mit wesentlich weniger Drehungen, beispielsweise einer Schutzdrehung zwischen etwa 2 Drehungen/m und etwa 20 Drehungen/m, versehen werden.In order to further improve the bond between the individual filaments of the interlaced yarns produced in this way, another embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that after interlacing, the yarns are rotated between about 100 turns / m and about 400 turns / m, preferably between about 150 Turns / m and about 300 turns / m. However, if a very voluminous yarn is desired, the yarn produced by the method according to the invention can also be provided with significantly fewer twists, for example a protective twist between approximately 2 twists / m and approximately 20 twists / m.

Wird das erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Garn vorzugsweise spannungslos oder mit Voreilung aufgewickelt, so kann es bei einer anschließenden hydrothermischen Behandlung, beispielsweise beim Färben, schrumpfen. Dies führt dazu, daß die sich selbst überkreuzenden Schlingen bzw. Schlaufen in ihrem Durchmesser um etwa 20 % bis etwa 95 % verkleinert werden. Der Grad der Verkleinerung hängt dabei im wesentlichen davon ab, ob bei der vorherigen Erwärmung des Effektmaterials und bei der sich hieran anschließenden Abkühlung Spannungen eingefroren wurden, die bei der hydrothermischen Behandlung ein Schrumpfen des Fasermaterials bewirken. Soll bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ein relativ volumenarmes Garn hergestellt werden, was beispielsweise bei der Verwendung eines derartigen Garnes als Nähgarn erwünscht ist, so muß man die Erwärmung des Effektgarnes und die sich hieran anschließende Abkühlung unter Spannung durchführen. In diesem Fall tritt ein besonders starker Schrumpf auf, der dazu führt, daß der Durchmesser der sich überkreuzenden Schleifen und Schlingen durch die hydrothermische Behandlung entsprechend verkleinert werden, beispielsweise um 60 bis 95 %, bezogen auf den ursprünglichen Durchmesser. Ein völliges Zuziehen der Schlingen bzw. Schleifen unter Ausbildung von entsprechenden Knoten ist hingegen bei einem derartigen, als Nähgarn verwendeten Garn unerwünscht, da hierdurch die Verarbeitungseigenschaften eines solchen Garnes verschlechtert werden. So konnte festgestellt werden, daß die in ihrem Durchmesser verkleinerten Schleifen bzw. Schlingen einen sehr guten Garnzusammenhalt bewirken, was insbesondere wegen der hohen Beanspruchung eines Nähgarns bei der Verarbeitung erwünscht ist. Darüberhinaus besitzt ein derartiges Nähgarn noch ein gewisses Volumen, so daß innerhalb des Garnes Luft eingeschlossen ist, die beim Nähvorgang, insbesondere beim Umlenken des Garnes an den Fadenleitorganen bzw. der Nadel, herausgepreßt wird. Dies wiederum bewirkt eine Kühlung der Umlenkorgane bzw. der Nadel, so daß die Fadenbruchhäufigkeit im Vergleich zu einem Garn, bei dem die Schlingen knotenartig zusammengezogen sind, deutlich verringert ist.If the yarn produced according to the invention is preferably wound up without tension or with lead, it can shrink during a subsequent hydrothermal treatment, for example during dyeing. This means that the self-crossing loops or loops are reduced in diameter by about 20% to about 95%. The degree of reduction essentially depends on whether, during the previous heating of the effect material and the subsequent cooling, tensions were frozen which cause the fiber material to shrink during the hydrothermal treatment. If a relatively low-volume yarn is to be produced in the process according to the invention, which is desirable, for example, when using such a yarn as a sewing thread, then the fancy yarn must be heated and then cooled under tension. In this case, a particularly strong shrinkage occurs, which leads to the diameter of the intersecting loops and loops being reduced accordingly by the hydrothermal treatment, for example by 60 to 95%, based on the original diameter. A complete tightening of the loops or loops with the formation of corresponding knots is, however, undesirable in the case of such a thread used as sewing thread, since the processing properties of such a thread are thereby impaired. It was thus found that the loops or loops, which are smaller in diameter, bring about very good yarn cohesion, which is desirable in particular because of the high demands placed on a sewing thread during processing is. In addition, such a sewing thread still has a certain volume, so that air is enclosed within the thread, which is pressed out during the sewing process, in particular when the thread is deflected on the thread guide members or the needle. This in turn causes cooling of the deflecting members or the needle, so that the frequency of thread breakage is significantly reduced compared to a yarn in which the loops are drawn together like knots.

Eine andere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, daß die miteinander verwirbelten Garne vor dem Aufwickeln einer Spannungsbehandlung unterworfen werden. Hierbei werden die beim Verwirbeln gebildeten sich selbst überkreuzenden Schlingen oder Schlaufen verkleinert, wobei abhängig von der angelegten Spannung der Durchmesser der Schlingen bzw. Schlaufen um etwa 20 % bis etwa 95 % verringert wird. Diese Verringerung der Durchmesser der Schlingen und Schlaufen hat einen Einfluß auf den Zusammenhalt des Garnverbundes sowie auf das Volumen und die Eigenschaften eines so hergestellten Garnes. Wie bereits zuvor ausgeführt, nimmt mit zunehmender Verringerung des Durchmessers der Schlingen bzw. Schlaufen das Volumen des Garnes ab. Gleichzeitig wird der Garnverbund verbessert, so daß ein derartiges Garn ohne Schwierigkeiten auch ohne zusätzliche Drehung bzw. Zwirnung einwandfrei, beispielsweise als Kette in der Weberei, beim Wirken oder insbesondere als Nähgarn, verarbeitet werden kann. Ebenso wie das zuvor beschriebene Garn, das eine hydrothermische Behandlung erfahren hat, weist ein Garn, dessen Schlingen und Schlaufen durch Anlegung einer Spannung verkleinert wurden, bei einer Verwendung als Nähgarn hervorragende Eigenschaften auf. So konnte festgestellt werden, daß ein Nähgarn, dessen Schlingen- bzw. Schlaufendurchmesser durch die zuvor beschriebene Spannungsbehandlung auf etwa 80 % - 95 % verringert wurden, im Vergleich zu einem Nähgarn aus den gleichen Ausgangsmaterialien, dessen Schlingen und Schlaufen unter Ausbildung von Knoten zusammengezogen waren, bei Nähversuchen wesentlich weniger Fadenbrüche zeigt. Dies wird einerseits darauf zurückgeführt, daß ein Garn, dessen Schlingen bzw. Schlaufen nicht knotenartig zusammengezogen waren, im Vergleich zu einem Garn, dessen Schlingen und Schlaufen knotenartig zusammengezogen waren, ein wesentlich größeres Luftvolumen einschließt. Darüberhinaus weist das erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Garn wegen seiner speziellen Behandlung eine wesentlich höhere Festigkeit im Vergleich zu einem konventionell behandelten Garn auf, so daß bei dem erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Garn die verringerte Fadenbruchhäufigkeit bei Nähversuchen erklärlich wird. Auch konnte durch vergleichende Färbeversuche festgestellt werden, daß sich unter Verwendung von gleichen Ausgangsmaterialien bei einem herkömmlich hergestellten Nähgarn das Kernmaterial von dem Effektmaterial sowohl in der Farbtiefe als auch im Farbton untreschiedlich anfärbte, während dies bei dem erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Nähgarn nicht der Fall ist.Another embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the intermingled yarns are subjected to a tension treatment before they are wound up. Here, the self-crossing loops or loops formed during swirling are reduced, the diameter of the loops or loops being reduced by approximately 20% to approximately 95% depending on the tension applied. This reduction in the diameter of the loops and loops has an influence on the cohesion of the yarn composite and on the volume and properties of a yarn produced in this way. As previously stated, the volume of the yarn decreases as the diameter of the loops increases. At the same time, the yarn composite is improved, so that such a yarn can be processed without difficulty even without additional twisting or twisting, for example as a warp in the weaving mill, during knitting or in particular as a sewing thread. Like the yarn described above, which has undergone hydrothermal treatment, a yarn whose loops and loops have been reduced by applying a tension has excellent properties when used as a sewing yarn. It was thus found that a sewing thread whose loop or loop diameter is reduced to about 80% -95% by the tension treatment described above compared to a sewing thread made from the same starting materials, the loops of which were drawn together to form knots, showed significantly fewer thread breaks during sewing tests. This is attributed, on the one hand, to the fact that a yarn whose loops or loops were not knotted together includes a substantially larger volume of air than a yarn whose loops and loops were knotted together. In addition, because of its special treatment, the yarn produced according to the invention has a considerably higher strength compared to a conventionally treated yarn, so that the reduced frequency of thread breakage during sewing tests can be explained in the yarn produced according to the invention. It was also possible to determine by comparative dyeing tests that, using the same starting materials in a conventionally produced sewing thread, the core material colored differently from the effect material both in terms of color depth and color tone, while this is not the case with the sewing thread produced according to the invention.

Um die zuvor beschriebene Spannungsbehandlung nach dem Verwirbeln durchzuführen, wird das Polyestergarn der Spannungsbehandlung mit einer Geschwindigkeit zugeführt, die zwischen 0,1 % und 5 %, insbesondere zwischen 0,1 % und 2,5 % geringer ist als die Geschwindigkeit, mit der das Garn aus der Spannungsbehandlung abgezogen wird. Hierbei hängen die zuvor genannten Geschwindigkeitsdifferenzen einerseits von der gewünschten Verringerung des Durchmessers und andererseits von dem jeweiligen Ausgangsmaterial und den Bedingungen der Verstreckung (Verstreckungsgrad, Temperatur, Verweilzeit und Spannung beim Abkühlen) ab.In order to carry out the above-described tension treatment after intermingling, the polyester yarn is fed to the tension treatment at a rate which is between 0.1% and 5%, in particular between 0.1% and 2.5%, less than the rate at which the Yarn is withdrawn from the tension treatment. The speed differences mentioned above depend on the one hand on the desired reduction in diameter and on the other hand on the respective starting material and the conditions of the stretching (degree of stretching, temperature, residence time and tension during cooling).

Eine andere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, daß man zusätzlich zur Spannungsbehandlung oder anstelle der Spannungsbehandlung eine thermische Behandlung vor dem Aufwickeln der verwirbelten Polyestergarne durchführt, wobei die Temperatur der thermischen Behandlung zwischen etwa 100° C und etwa 250° C, insbesondere zwischen etwa 180° C und etwa 230° C, variiert. Durch die thermische Behandlung wird dabei, ähnlich wie durch die Spannungsbehandlung, eine Verkleinerung der Durchmesser der sich überkreuzenden Schlingen und Schlaufen erreicht, was die zuvor bereits dargelegten Vorteile beinhaltet. Darüberhinaus werden im Garn eingefrorene Spannungen ausgelöst, so daß ein so behandeltes Garn Thermoschrumpfwerte bzw. Kochschrumpfwerte aufweist, die zwischen etwa 2 % und etwa 4 %, bezogen auf die Ausgangslänge, liegen. Auch wird durch die thermische Behandlung, die bei Verweilzeiten zwischen etwa 0,01 s bis etwa 10 s, insbesondere zwischen 0,05 s und 1 s, durchgeführt wird, das Anfärbeverhalten von dem Kernmaterial an das Anfärbeverhalten des Effektmaterials weiter angeglichen. Dies bewirkt, daß bei einem derartigen Garn selbst bei Färbung mit großmolekularen, die Strukturunterschiede markierenden Farbstoffe kein unterschiedliches Anfärbeverhalten von Kern- und Effektgarn auftritt.Another embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that, in addition to the tension treatment or instead of the tension treatment, a thermal treatment is carried out before the entangled polyester yarns are wound up, the temperature of the thermal treatment being between about 100 ° C. and about 250 ° C., in particular between about 180 ° C and about 230 ° C, varies. The thermal treatment, like the tension treatment, results in a reduction in the diameter of the intersecting loops and loops, which includes the advantages already set out above. In addition, frozen tensions are released in the yarn, so that a yarn treated in this way has thermal shrinkage values or cooking shrinkage values which are between about 2% and about 4%, based on the initial length. The thermal treatment, which is carried out with dwell times between about 0.01 s to about 10 s, in particular between 0.05 s and 1 s, further adjusts the coloring behavior of the core material to the coloring behavior of the effect material. This has the effect that, in the case of a yarn of this type, even when dyed with large molecular dyes which mark the structural differences, there is no different dyeing behavior of core and fancy yarn.

Vorzugsweise führt man die verwirbelten Polyestergarne der thermischen Behandlung mit einer Geschwindigkeit zu, die gleich oder höher ist als die Geschwindigkeit, mit der man die Garne aus der thermischen Behandlung abzieht. Hierbei werden insbesondere Zuführgeschwindigkeiten verwendet, die um 0,1 % bis 10 %, vorzugsweise um 2 % bis 4 %, höher liegen als die Abzugsgeschwindigkeiten. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß die verwirbelten Polyestergarne bei der thermischen Behandlung frei schrumpfen können, so daß sie keine eingefrorenen Spannungen, die später einen unerwünschten Schrumpf auslösen können, aufweisen.The intermingled polyester yarns are preferably fed to the thermal treatment at a rate which is equal to or higher than the rate at which the yarns are withdrawn from the thermal treatment. In particular feed speeds are used which are 0.1% to 10%, preferably 2% to 4%, higher than the take-off speeds. This ensures that the intermingled polyester yarns can shrink freely during the thermal treatment, so that they are not frozen Stresses that can later trigger an undesirable shrinkage.

Soll nach dem zuvor beschriebenen Verfahren ein Nähgarn hergestellt werden, so bietet es sich an, für die Kernkomponente als Ausgangsmaterial ein vororientiertes Polyester-Multifilamentgarn (POY-Garn) zu verwenden. Hierbei wird das Kerngarn um einen unbeheizten Stift um einen Winkel zwischen etwa 270° und 360°, vorzugsweise um etwa 360°, umgelenkt. Der Stift weist einen Druchmesser kleiner als 10 mm auf. Anschließend wird das Kerngarn vorzugsweise durch Kontaktheizung mittels einer Heizplatte (hot plate) auf eine Temperatur zwischen etwa 180° und etwa 250° erwärmt. Die Verstreckung des Kerngarnes wird zwischen einem ersten Lieferwerk, das das Kerngarn von einer Spule abwickelt und einem zweiten Lieferwerk, das hinter der Heizplatte angeordnet ist, bewirkt. Der Verstreckungsgrad liegt abhängig von dem jeweils verwendeten Ausgangsmaterial vorzugsweise zwischen 1 : 1,7 und 1 : 2,7, insbesondere zwischen 1 : 2,0 und 1 : 2,4, d.h. als untere Grenze zwischen etwa 5 % und etwa 50 % über dem vom Hersteller empfohlenen Verstreckungsgrad und als obere Grenze zwischen etwa 5 % und etwa 25 % unterhalb eines Wertes, bei dem das Garn bricht. Hiernach wird das Kerngarn freischrumpfend auf eine Temperatur von etwa 50° C abgekühlt, und danach mit einer Voreilung zwischen 1 % und 7 % mit einem zweiten Garn, das das Effektgarn bildet, verwirbelt.If a sewing thread is to be produced using the method described above, it is advisable to use a pre-oriented polyester multifilament thread (POY thread) as the starting material for the core component. Here, the core yarn is deflected around an unheated pin by an angle between approximately 270 ° and 360 °, preferably approximately 360 °. The pin has a diameter smaller than 10 mm. The core yarn is then preferably heated to a temperature between about 180 ° and about 250 ° by contact heating using a hot plate. The drawing of the core yarn is effected between a first delivery unit, which unwinds the core yarn from a bobbin, and a second delivery unit, which is arranged behind the heating plate. Depending on the starting material used in each case, the degree of stretching is preferably between 1: 1.7 and 1: 2.7, in particular between 1: 2.0 and 1: 2.4, i.e. as the lower limit between about 5% and about 50% above the draw ratio recommended by the manufacturer and as the upper limit between about 5% and about 25% below a value at which the yarn breaks. After this, the core yarn is shrunk to a temperature of about 50 ° C. and then swirled with a lead of between 1% and 7% with a second yarn which forms the fancy yarn.

Das Effektgarn wird vor der Verwirbelung konventionell über einen geheizten Stift vorverstreckt oder vorzugsweise so behandelt, wie dies für das Kerngarn vorstehend beschrieben wurde, wobei lediglich das Effektgarn mit einer Voreilung zwischen 15 % und 45 % der Verwirbelung zugeführt wird.Before the interlacing, the fancy yarn is conventionally pre-drawn over a heated pin or preferably treated as described above for the core yarn, only the fancy yarn having an advance between 15% and 45% of the interlacing.

Nach dem Verwirbeln wird das Kern-Mantel-Garn, das die sich selbst überkreuzenden Schlingen bzw. Schlaufen aufweist, einer Spannungsbehandlung unterworfen. Abhängig von der jeweils gewünschten Verkleinerung der Durchmesser der Schlingen bzw. Schlaufen wird das verwirbelte Garn mit einer Geschwindigkeit der Spannungsbehandlung zugeführt, die zwischen etwa 2 % und etwa 5 % geringer ist als die Geschwindigkeit, mit der das Garn aus der Spannungsbehandlung abgezogen wird. Hieran schließt sich eine thermische Behandlung bei einer Temperatur zwischen etwa 180° C und 240° C während etwa 0,05 s und etwa 2 s an. Die Zuführgeschwindigkeit zu der thermischen Behandlung ist etwa 2 % bis etwa 5 % hoher als die Abzugsgeschwindigkeit aus der thermischen Behandlung. Hiernach wird das Garn längenkonstant auf eine Temperatur zwischen etwa 60° C und etwa 40° C abgekühlt. Anschließend wird das Polyestergarn spannungsarm aufgewickelt und ggf. vor und/oder nach der Aufwicklung noch mit einer Drehung zwischen 100 Drehungen/m und 600 Drehungen/m versehen.After intermingling, the core-sheath yarn, which has the self-crossing loops or loops, is subjected to a tension treatment. Depending on the desired reduction in the diameter of the loops or loops, the intermingled yarn is fed at a tensioning rate which is between about 2% and about 5% less than the rate at which the yarn is withdrawn from the tensioning treatment. This is followed by a thermal treatment at a temperature between about 180 ° C. and 240 ° C. for about 0.05 s and about 2 s. The rate of feed to the thermal treatment is about 2% to about 5% higher than the rate of withdrawal from the thermal treatment. The yarn is then cooled to a temperature between about 60 ° C and about 40 ° C with constant length. The polyester yarn is then wound up with low tension and, if necessary, provided with a turn between 100 turns / m and 600 turns / m before and / or after the take-up.

Das so hergestellte Nähgarn wird nach den üblichen Verfahren gefärbt und anschließend aviviert. Abhängig von der Spannung bei der Spannungsbehandlung nach dem Verwirbeln, der Temperatur und der Spannung der thermischen Behandlung und der Spannung beim Abkühlen kann durch die hydrothermische Behandlung beim Färben eine weitere Verringerung des Durchmessers der Schlingen bzw. Schlaufen auftreten. Hierbei muß jedoch verhindert werden, daß das Nähgarn noch so weit schrumpft, daß sich die Schlingen bzw. Schlaufen knotenartig zusammenziehen.The sewing thread thus produced is dyed according to the usual methods and then finished. Depending on the tension in the tension treatment after swirling, the temperature and the tension of the thermal treatment and the tension on cooling, the hydrothermal treatment during dyeing may result in a further reduction in the diameter of the loops. However, it must be prevented that the sewing thread shrinks so much that the loops or loops contract like knots.

In den vorstehenden Ausführungen ist ausgeführt, daß sich die Durchmesser der sich überkreuzenden Schlaufen und Schlingen durch die Spannungsbehandlung, die thermische Behandlung, die Abkühlung nach der thermischen Behandlung und ggf. durch die hydrothermische Behandlung auf einen Wert zwischen etwa 20 % und etwa 95 % ihres ursprünglichen Durchmessers verringern. Selbstverständlich kann nicht ausgeschlossen werden, daß dabei sich wenige Schlaufen und Schlingen knotenartig zusammenziehen, wobei jedoch der Anteil der knotenartig zusammengezogenen Schlaufen bzw. Schlingen in dem fertigen Garn so gering wie möglich, d.h. unter 15 %, vorzugsewise unter 5 %, bezogen auf die Gesamtzahl der Schlaufen und Schlingen, sein soll.In the above, it is stated that the diameter of the crossing loops and loops is due to the tension treatment, the thermal Treatment, the cooling after the thermal treatment and possibly by the hydrothermal treatment to a value between about 20% and about 95% of their original diameter. Of course, it cannot be ruled out that a few loops and loops will contract in a knot-like manner, but the proportion of loops or loops in the finished yarn that have been knotted together as little as possible, ie below 15%, preferably below 5%, based on the total number the loops and loops should be.

Weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sowie der erfindungsgemäßen Garnes sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Further advantageous developments of the method according to the invention and of the yarns according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird nachfolgend anhand der Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.The method according to the invention is explained in more detail below using the exemplary embodiments.

Hierbei zeigt die einzige Figur der Zeichnung eine Prinzipdarstellung des Garnlaufes bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren.Here, the only figure of the drawing shows a schematic diagram of the yarn path in the method according to the invention.

Ein Kerngarn 1, das ein vororientiertes Polyester-Multifilamentgarn (POY-Garn) mit einem Einzelfilamenttiter von 10,23 dtex ist, und ein zweites Garn (Effektgarn) 2, das ebenfalls ein vororientiertes Polyester-Multifilamentgarn (POY-Garn) mit einem Einzelfilamenttiter von 3,46 dtex ist, gelangen von einem Vorrat in einem Aufsteckgatter auf getrennten Wegen zu einer Düse 3.A core yarn 1, which is a pre-oriented polyester multifilament yarn (POY yarn) with a single filament titer of 10.23 dtex, and a second yarn (fancy yarn) 2, which is also a pre-oriented polyester multifilament yarn (POY yarn) with a single filament titer of 3.46 dtex, get from a supply in a slip gate to a nozzle 3 in separate ways.

Das Kerngarn durchläuft zunächst eine Streckzone mit einem Lieferwerk 4, einen unbeheizten Streckstift 5, der von dem Kerngarn 1 mit einem Winkel von 360° umschlungen wird, einer Heizplatte 6 und einer Galette 7 und gelangt dann über eine Einrichtung 8 zur Benetzung mit Wasser in die Düse 3, wo es mit dem Effektgarn 2 verwirbelt wird.The core yarn first passes through a drawing zone with a feed mechanism 4, an unheated drawing pin 5, which is wrapped by the core yarn 1 at an angle of 360 °, a heating plate 6 and a godet 7 and then passes through a device 8 for wetting with water Nozzle 3, where it is swirled with the fancy yarn 2.

Das Effektgarn 2 hat zuvor ein Lieferwerk 9, eine Streckvorrichtung 10 und ein weiteres Lieferwerk 11 durchlaufen. Die Streckvorrichtung 10 besteht bei der gezeigten Ausführungsform aus einem konventionell ausgebildeten beheizten Streckstift (hot pin) mit einem Durchmesser von 60 mm, während der Streckstift 5 einen Durchmesser von 8 mm aufweist. Wie vorstehend beschrieben, umschlingt auch das Effektgarn 2 den Streckstift 10.The fancy yarn 2 has previously passed through a delivery unit 9, a drawing device 10 and a further delivery unit 11. The stretching device 10 in the embodiment shown consists of a conventionally designed heated pin (hot pin) with a diameter of 60 mm, while the stretch pin 5 has a diameter of 8 mm. As described above, the fancy yarn 2 also wraps around the drawing pin 10.

Im Anschluß an die Verwirbelung der beiden Garne 1 und 2 in der Düse 3 durchläuft das in der Düse gebildete Garn 12, das abstehende, sich selbst kreuzende Schlingen und Schlaufen aufweist, eine zwischen den Lieferwerken 17 und 18 vorgesehene Spannungsbehandlung und eine Wärmebehandlungszone. Hierbei weist die Wärmebehandlungszone ein Lieferwerk 13, eine Heizeinrichtung 14 und ein Lieferwerk 15 auf. Die Heizeinrichtung 14 ist bei der in der Zeichnung gezeigten Ausführungsform als Heizrohr ausgebildet und verfügt über die üblichen Regel- und Steuereinrichtungen, so daß eine gewünschte Temperatur im Bereich zwischen etwa 100° C und etwa 250° C einstellbar ist. Durch die Spannungsbehandlung und in der Heizeinrichtung 14 werden die Durchmesser der Schlingen und Schlaufen um etwa 20 bis etwa 95 % verringert, wobei die Verkleinerung der Durchmesser einerseits vom jeweils verarbeiteten Material und andererseits von der Geschwindigkeit der Lieferwerke 13 und 15 relativ zueinander abhängt, wie dies zuvor ausgehend beschrieben wurde. Das fertige Garn wird dann in üblicher Weise einer Aufwicklung 16 zugeführt.Following the intermingling of the two yarns 1 and 2 in the nozzle 3, the yarn 12 formed in the nozzle, which has projecting, self-intersecting loops and loops, passes through a tension treatment provided between the delivery mechanisms 17 and 18 and a heat treatment zone. Here, the heat treatment zone has a delivery unit 13, a heating device 14 and a delivery unit 15. In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the heating device 14 is designed as a heating tube and has the usual regulating and control devices, so that a desired temperature can be set in the range between approximately 100 ° C. and approximately 250 ° C. The tension treatment and in the heating device 14 reduce the diameters of the loops and loops by approximately 20 to approximately 95%, the reduction in diameter depending on the one hand on the material being processed and on the other hand on the speed of the delivery mechanisms 13 and 15 relative to one another, as is the case here was previously described starting out. The finished yarn is then fed to a winder 16 in the usual manner.

Auf der zuvor beschriebenen Vorrichtung wurde das Kerngarn 1, das nach Angaben des Herstellers mit einem Verstreckungsgrad 1 : 1,86 verstreckt werden muß, mit einem Verstrekkungsgrad von 1 : 2,3 verstreckt. Hierbei betrug die Temperatur der Heizplatte 250° C.The core yarn 1, which according to the manufacturer had to be drawn with a degree of stretching of 1: 1.86, was drawn with a degree of stretching of 1: 2.3 on the device described above. The temperature of the heating plate was 250 ° C.

Das Effektgarn wurde nach Angaben des Herstellers bei einem Verstreckungsgrad von 1 : 1,73 und einer Temperatur des Streckstiftes von 140° C verstreckt.The fancy yarn was drawn according to the manufacturer at a draw ratio of 1: 1.73 and a temperature of the draw pin of 140 ° C.

Das Kerngarn wurde mit einer Voreilung von 4 % und das Effektgarn mit einer Voreilung von 20 % der Düse vorgelegt.The core yarn was placed with a lead of 4% and the fancy yarn with a lead of 20% of the nozzle.

Die Temperatur der Heizeinrichtung 14 wurde auf einen Wert von 230° C eingestellt. Die einzelnen Geschwindigkeiten der Lieferwerke wurden so ausgewählt, daß die Geschwindigkeit an der Aufwicklung 16 500 m/min betrug.The temperature of the heater 14 was set to a value of 230 ° C. The individual speeds of the delivery plants were selected so that the speed at the rewinder was 16,500 m / min.

Die spezifische Festigkeit des Kerngarnes 1 vor der Düse wurde gemessen. Sie betrug 60 cN/tex. Vergleichsweise hierzu wurde die zuvor beschriebene Vorrichtung dahingehend umgebaut, daß der Streckstift 5 durch einen konventionellen, beheizten Streckstift ausgetauscht wurde, der auf eine Temperatur von 140° C erwärmt wurde. Gleichzeitig wurde die Heizplatte 6 entfernt. Auf einer derartigen umgebauten Anlage wurde mit dem gleichen Grundgarn und dem gleichen Effektgarn das eingangs beschriebene Verfahren durchgeführt. Hierbei wurde das Kerngarn gemäß den Angaben des Herstellers bei einem Verstreckungsgrad von 1 : 1,86 verstreckt.The specific strength of the core yarn 1 in front of the nozzle was measured. It was 60 cN / tex. In comparison to this, the device described above was converted in such a way that the stretch pin 5 was replaced by a conventional, heated stretch pin which was heated to a temperature of 140.degree. At the same time, the heating plate 6 was removed. The process described at the outset was carried out on such a converted system with the same base yarn and the same fancy yarn. The core yarn was drawn according to the manufacturer's instructions at a draw ratio of 1: 1.86.

Vor der Düse 3 wurde Kerngarn entnommen und die Festigkeit dieses Kerngarnes gemessen. Das bei 1 : 1,86 verstreckte Kerngarn besaß eine spezifische Festigkeit von 40 cN/tex.Core yarn was removed in front of the nozzle 3 and the strength of this core yarn was measured. The core yarn drawn at 1: 1.86 had a specific strength of 40 cN / tex.

In einem weiteren Versuch auf der umgebauten Anlage unter Verwendung des konventionell ausgebildeten Streckstiftes, der einen Durchmesser von 60 mm aufwies und der auf eine Temperatur von 140° C erwärmt wurde, wurde versucht, das Kerngarn 1 mit einem Verstreckungsgrad von 1 : 2 zu behandeln. Hierbei konnte festgestellt werden, daß das Kerngarn 1 vor der Düse 3 eine Vielzahl von Kapillarbrüchen aufwies, so daß dieser Versuch abgebrochen werden mußte.In a further test on the converted system using the conventionally designed drawing pin, which had a diameter of 60 mm and was heated to a temperature of 140 ° C., an attempt was made to treat the core yarn 1 with a drawing ratio of 1: 2. It was found that the core yarn 1 had a large number of capillary breaks in front of the nozzle 3, so that this experiment had to be stopped.

Ein weiterer Versuch wurde bei einem Verstreckungsgrad von 1 : 1,925 durchgeführt. Hierbei wies das unter Verwendung des konventionellen Streckstiftes hergestellte Kerngarn eine geringfügig verbesserte spezifische Festigkeit auf, die bei 41 cN/tex lag.Another test was carried out at a draw ratio of 1: 1.925. This indicated using core yarn produced in the conventional drawing pin had a slightly improved specific strength, which was 41 cN / tex.

Die Kerngarne, die unterschiedliche vorverstreckt waren, wurden, wie vorstehend beschrieben, mit dem gleichen Effektgarn 2 verwirbelt, anschließend einer Wärmebehandlung unterworfen und danach aufgewickelt. Hierbei wurde mit Nähgarn Nr. 1 das Garn bezeichnet, dessen Kerngarn eine spezifische Festigkeit von 60 cN/tex aufweist. Als Nähgarn Nr. 2 wurde das Garn bezeichnet, dessen Kerngarn eine spezifische Festigkeit von 40 cN/tex und als Nähgarn Nr. 3 wurde das Garn bezeichnet, dessen Kerngarn eine spezifische Festigkeit von 41 cN/tex besaß.The core yarns, which were differently pre-drawn, were interwoven with the same fancy yarn 2 as described above, then subjected to a heat treatment and then wound up. Sewing thread No. 1 was used to denote the thread whose core thread has a specific strength of 60 cN / tex. Sewing thread No. 2 was the thread whose core thread had a specific strength of 40 cN / tex and sewing thread No. 3 was the thread whose core thread had a specific strength of 41 cN / tex.

Ein Nähgarn Nr. 4, dessen Kerngarn eine spezifische Festigkeit von 40 cN/tex aufwies und das aus den gleichen Ausgangsmaterialien hergestellt wurde und das den gleichen Titer wie die Nähgarne 1 bis 3 besaß, wurde als Vergleichsgarn mit bei den anschließenden industriellen Nähversuchen eingesetzt. Hierbei wies das Nähgarn 4 im Unterschied zu den Nähgarnen 1 bis 3 nicht verkleinerte Schlingen bzw. Schlaufen, sondern knotenartig zusammengezogene Schlingen und Schlaufen auf.A sewing thread No. 4, the core thread of which had a specific strength of 40 cN / tex and which was produced from the same starting materials and which had the same titer as the sewing threads 1 to 3, was used as a reference thread in the subsequent industrial sewing tests. In contrast to the sewing threads 1 to 3, the sewing thread 4 did not have loops or loops reduced in size, but rather loops and loops drawn together in knots.

Die Ergebnisse der industriellen Nähversuche zeigten, daß das Nähgarn 1 beim vorwärts, rückwärts und multidirektionalem Nähen bei Stichzahlen zwischen 4000 und 6000 Stichen pro Minute die geringste Fadenbruchhäufigkeit aufwies. Eine hierzu etwa 30 % höhere Fadenbruchhäufigkeit stellte sich beim Nähgarn Nr. 3 ein, während das Nähgarn Nr. 2 eine innerhalb der Fehlertoleranz mit dem Nähgarn Nr. 3 liegende Fadenbruchhäufigkeit besaß. Deutlich schlechter verhielt sich das Nähgarn Nr. 4, dessen Fadenbruchhäufigkeit 45 % höher war als die des Nähgarnes Nr. 1.The results of the industrial sewing tests showed that sewing thread 1 had the lowest frequency of thread breakage when sewing forwards, backwards and multidirectionally with numbers of stitches between 4000 and 6000 stitches per minute. An approximately 30% higher frequency of thread breakage occurred with sewing thread No. 3, while sewing thread No. 2 had a thread breakage frequency that was within the tolerance for error with sewing thread No. 3. Behaved significantly worse No. 4 sewing thread, whose thread break frequency was 45% higher than that of No. 1 sewing thread.

Die Nähgarne 1 bis 4 wurden anschließend auf die Färbespule aufgewickelt und in einem Bad mit mehreren Farbstoffkombinationen gefärbt. Da alle vier Nähgarne aus Polyester waren, wurden die Färbungen bei 130° C durchgeführt. Für die Färbung wurde folgender Temperaturverlauf gewählt:
Starttemperatur: 70° C
Aufheizgeschwindigkeit auf 130° C mit 2° C/Minute
Verweilzeit bei 130° C: 45 Minuten
Abkühlen auf 80° C mit 2° C/Minute
Nach dem Färben wurde das Material zweimal kalt und heiß gespült und anschließend konventionell getrocknet. Die Färbeflotten wurden jeweils durch Zugabe von Essigsäure und Natriumacetat auf einen pH-Wert von 4,5 eingestellt. Ferner wiesen alle Flotten 0,5 g/l eines Dispergier-/Egalisiermittels (Lewegal HTN, Firma Bayer) auf. Zur Anwendung gelangten folgende Farbstoffkombinationen:
Sewing threads 1 to 4 were then wound up on the dyeing bobbin and dyed in a bath with several dye combinations. Since all four sewing threads were made of polyester, the dyeings were carried out at 130 ° C. The following temperature profile was chosen for the coloring:
Starting temperature: 70 ° C
Heating rate to 130 ° C with 2 ° C / minute
Residence time at 130 ° C: 45 minutes
Cool to 80 ° C at 2 ° C / minute
After dyeing, the material was rinsed twice cold and hot and then dried conventionally. The dye liquors were adjusted to pH 4.5 by adding acetic acid and sodium acetate. Furthermore, all liquors had 0.5 g / l of a dispersing / leveling agent (Lewegal HTN, Bayer). The following dye combinations were used:

Farbstoffkombination I:Dye combination I:

0,5 % Resolingelbbraun 3 GL, 200 %ig
(C. I. Disperse orange 29)
0,25 % Resolinrot FB, 200 %ig
(C. I. Disperse red 60)
1 % Resolinmarineblau 2 GLS, 200 %ig
(C. I. Disperse blue 79)
0.5% resol yellow-brown 3 GL, 200%
(CI Disperse orange 29)
0.25% Resolin Red FB, 200%
(CI Disperse red 60)
1% Resolin Navy Blue 2 GLS, 200%
(CI Disperse blue 79)

Farbstoffkombination II:Dye combination II:

3 % Resolinmarineblau 2 GLS, 200 %ig
(C. I. Disperse blue 79)
0,15 % Resolingelb 5 GL, 200 %ig
0,8 % Resolinrot BBL, 200 %ig
3% Resolin Navy Blue 2 GLS, 200%
(CI Disperse blue 79)
0.15% resol yellow 5 GL, 200%
0.8% Resolin Red BBL, 200%

Farbstoffkombination III:Dye combination III:

0,5 % Resolinblau BBLS, 200%ig
(C. I. Disperse blue 165)
1,5 % Resolingelbbraun 3 GL, 200 %ig
(C. I. Disperse orange 29)
0,5 % Resolinrot FB, 200 %ig
(C. I. Disperse red 60)
Die visuelle und farbmetrische Auswertung der vier Nähgarne zeigte, daß lediglich die Stabwicklung des Nähgarnes 1 sowohl vom Farbton als auch von der Farbtiefe einen einheitlichen Farbeindruck vermittelte. Die Färbungen der Nähgarne 2 bis 4 waren unegal und schipprig. Deutlich konnte das im Farbton und in der Farbtiefe unterschiedlich angefärbte Kernmaterial erkannt werden.
0.5% resoline blue BBLS, 200%
(CI Disperse blue 165)
1.5% resol yellow-brown 3 GL, 200%
(CI Disperse orange 29)
0.5% Resolin Red FB, 200%
(CI Disperse red 60)
The visual and colorimetric evaluation of the four sewing threads showed that only the rod winding of the sewing thread 1 conveyed a uniform color impression both from the color tone and from the color depth. The dyeings of sewing threads 2 to 4 were uneven and shippy. The core material, which was colored differently in color and depth, could be clearly recognized.

Zur Erzielung von Vergleichswerten wurden weitere Materialien behandelt. Hierfür wurden zunächst als Ausgangsmaterial ein Polyestermultifilamentgarn mit einem Ausgangstiter von 285 dtex und einer Elementarfadenzahl von 32 eingesetzt. Dieses als Ausgangsmaterial 2 bezeichnete Material wurde unter Variation der Verstreckungsgrade um einen auf 140° C beheizten Stift mit einem Winkel von 360° umschlungen und dort verstreckt. Die Ergebnisse der spezifischen Festigkeiten und des freien Thermoschrumpfes bei 180° C in Abhängigkeit von dem gewählten Verstreckungsgrad sind der nachfolgenden Tabelle zu entnehmen. Tabelle 1 Verstreckungsgrad spez. Festigkeit (cN/tex) Thermoschrumpf (180° C) 1 : 1,700 37,24 10,1 1 : 1,800 39,08 10,9 1 : 1,900 43,05 11,88 1 : 2,000 48 12,3 Other materials were treated to achieve comparative values. A polyester multifilament yarn with an initial titer of 285 dtex and an elementary thread count of 32 was initially used as the starting material. This material, referred to as starting material 2, was wrapped around a pin heated to 140 ° C. at an angle of 360 ° and varied there, varying the degrees of stretching. The results of the specific strengths and the free thermal shrinkage at 180 ° C depending on the selected degree of stretching can be found in the table below. Table 1 Degree of stretching spec. Strength (cN / tex) Thermal shrink (180 ° C) 1: 1,700 37.24 10.1 1: 1,800 39.08 10.9 1: 1,900 43.05 11.88 1: 2,000 48 12.3

Das gleiche Ausgangsmaterial 2 wurde um einen unbeheizten Stift von einem Durchmesser von 8 mm mit einem Winkel von 360° umschlungen und anschließend über eine auf 240° C erhitzte Heizplatte geführt und dabei mit unterschiedlichen Verstreckungsgraden verstreckt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung sind der nachfolgenden Tabelle zu entnehmen. Tabelle 2 Verstreckungsgrad spez. Festigkeit (cN/tex) Thermoschrumpf (180° C) 1 : 1,750 41,06 6,29 1 : 1,900 42,61 6,29 1 : 1,850 45,26 6,09 1 : 1,900 49,22 5,88 1 : 1,950 50,06 6,06 1 : 2,000 52,28 6,09 1 : 2,050 55,93 6,29 1 : 2,100 57,69 6,29 1 : 2,125 59,99 6,29 1 : 2,150 61,03 6,09 1 : 2,175 62,85 6,09 1 : 2,200 63,20 6,29 1 : 2,225 64,90 6,29 1 : 2,250 63,97 6,10 1 : 2,275 67,00 6,10 1 : 2,300 67,12 6,10 The same starting material 2 was wrapped around an unheated pin with a diameter of 8 mm at an angle of 360 ° and then passed over a heating plate heated to 240 ° C and stretched with different degrees of stretching. The results of this investigation are shown in the table below. Table 2 Degree of stretching spec. Strength (cN / tex) Thermal shrink (180 ° C) 1: 1.750 41.06 6.29 1: 1,900 42.61 6.29 1: 1.850 45.26 6.09 1: 1,900 49.22 5.88 1: 1.950 50.06 6.06 1: 2,000 52.28 6.09 1: 2.050 55.93 6.29 1: 2,100 57.69 6.29 1: 2.125 59.99 6.29 1: 2.150 61.03 6.09 1: 2.175 62.85 6.09 1: 2,200 63.20 6.29 1: 2.225 64.90 6.29 1: 2.250 63.97 6.10 1: 2.275 67.00 6.10 1: 2,300 67.12 6.10

Wie dem Vergleich dieser beiden zuvor aufgeführten Tabellen zu entnehmen ist, besitzt das Material, das über den unbeheizten Streckstift in Verbindung mit der sich hieran anschließenden Heizplatte behandelt wurde, bei deutlich verringertem Thermoschrumpf erheblich höhere spezifische Festigkeiten. Insbesondere die spezifischen Festigkeiten, die bei Verstreckungsgraden von größer als 1 : 2 auftreten, sind bei dem Material, das nur über den geheizten Streckstift bearbeitet wurde, nicht erreichbar, da hierbei schon bei einem Verstreckungsgrad von 1 : 1,9 bis 1 : 1,95 Kapillarrisse auftraten. Von daher ist der Festigkeitswert von 48 cN/tex, der bei einem Verstreckungsgrad von 1 : 2 bei dem ersten Material erzielt wurde, nicht für die Produktion geeignet. Somit ist für das Ausgangsmaterial 2 bei dem Verfahren, bei dem über einen beheizten Stift verstreckt wurde, eine maximale spezifische Festigkeit von 43,05 cN/tex zu erreichen.As can be seen from the comparison of these two tables listed above, the material that was treated with the unheated stretching pin in connection with the subsequent heating plate has significantly higher specific strengths with significantly reduced thermal shrinkage. In particular, the specific strengths that occur when the degree of stretching is greater than 1: 2 cannot be achieved with the material that has only been processed using the heated stretching pin, since the degree of stretching is already 1: 1.9 to 1: 1, 95 capillary cracks occurred. Therefore, the strength value of 48 cN / tex, with a degree of stretching of 1: 2, is the first material was obtained, not suitable for production. A maximum specific strength of 43.05 cN / tex can thus be achieved for the starting material 2 in the process in which stretching was carried out using a heated pen.

Anders sehen die Werte bei der zweiten Tabelle aus. Hierbei weist das über den unbeheizten Stift in Verbindung mit der Heizplatte verstreckte Material eine maximale spezifische Festigkeit von 67 cN/tex auf, da bei einem Verstreckungsgrad von 1 : 2,325 die ersten Kapillarbrüche bemerkbar wurden. Unter Produktionsbedingungen wurde versuchsweise eine größere Charge von mehreren Tonnen Garn bei einem Verstreckungsgrad von 1 : 2,3 hergestellt. Hierbei konnten keine Kapillarbrüche festgestellt werden. Ergänzend sei noch angefügt, daß der vom Hersteller für das Ausgangsmaterial 2 angegebene Verstreckungsgrad bei 1 : 1,8 bis 1 : 1,85 liegt. Bei dem Ausgangsmaterial 2 handelte es sich um im Handel erhältliches POY-Polyestergarn.The values in the second table are different. The material stretched over the unheated pin in connection with the heating plate has a maximum specific strength of 67 cN / tex, since the first capillary breaks were noticeable at a stretching ratio of 1: 2.325. A larger batch of several tons of yarn with a draw ratio of 1: 2.3 was experimentally produced under production conditions. No capillary breaks were found here. In addition, it should be added that the degree of stretching specified by the manufacturer for the starting material 2 is 1: 1.8 to 1: 1.85. The starting material 2 was a commercially available POY polyester yarn.

Ein weiteres Ausgangsmaterial 3 wurde, wie vorstehend zum Ausgangsmaterial 2 beschrieben, unterschiedlich verstreckt. Hierbei wies das Ausgangsmaterial 3, bei dem es sich ebenfalls um ein Polyestermultifilamentgarn handelte, einen Ausgangstiter von 410 dtex und eine Elementarfadenzahl von 40 auf. Abweichend von den Untersuchungen zum Ausgangsmaterial 2 wurde das Ausgangsmaterial 3 nur mit einem Verstreckungsgrad von 1 : 1,85 über den auf 140° C beheizten Stift, der einen Durchmesser von 60 mm aufwies, verstreckt. Der Verstreckungsgrad von 1 : 1,85 entsprach der Empfehlung des Herstellers für dieses Material. Das so behandelte Garn besaß folgende spezifische Festigkeit und folgenden Thermoschrumpf. Tabelle 3 Verstreckungsgrad spez. Festigkeit (cN/tex) Thermoschrumpf (180° C) 1 : 1,850 34,8 10 Another starting material 3 was stretched differently, as described above for starting material 2. Here, the starting material 3, which was also a polyester multifilament yarn, had an initial titer of 410 dtex and an elementary thread count of 40. In contrast to the investigations of the starting material 2, the starting material 3 was only drawn with a degree of stretching of 1: 1.85 over the pin heated to 140 ° C., which had a diameter of 60 mm. The degree of stretching of 1: 1.85 corresponded to the manufacturer's recommendation for this material. The yarn thus treated had the following specific strength and thermal shrinkage. Table 3 Degree of stretching spec. Strength (cN / tex) Thermal shrink (180 ° C) 1: 1.850 34.8 10th

Ferner wurde versucht, bei dem zuvor genannten Material den Verstreckungsgrad zu erhöhen. Hierbei konnte jedoch festgestellt werden, daß bereits bei einem Verstreckungsgrad von 1 : 1,95 erste Kapillarbrüche sichtbar wurden, während bei einem Verstreckungsgrad von 1 : 2,075 sich die Kapillarbrüche derart häuften, daß ein derartig verstrecktes Garn nicht mehr brauchbar war.Attempts have also been made to increase the degree of stretching of the material mentioned above. It was found, however, that the first capillary breaks were already visible at a degree of stretching of 1: 1.95, while at a degree of stretching of 1: 2.075 the capillary breaks became so frequent that such a stretched yarn was no longer usable.

Vergleichsweise hierzu wurde das Ausgangsmaterial 3 über einen unbeheizten Stift mit einem Durchmesser von 8 mm und einer anschließenden Erwärmung mittels einer Heizplatte von 240° unter Variation des Verstreckungsgrades verstreckt. Hierbei konnten folgende spezifische Festigkeiten und Thermoschrumpfwerte erreicht werden: Tabelle 4 Verstreckungsgrad spez. Festigkeit (cN/tex) Thermoschrumpf (180° C) 1 : 1,850 38,23 6,68 1 : 1,950 42,19 6,88 1 : 2,050 51,15 6,68 1 : 2,150 56,81 6,90 1 : 2,200 58,87 6,88 1 : 2,250 61,47 7,09 1 : 2,300 64,02 6,88 1 : 2,350 66,40 6,88 1 : 2,375 67,12 6,90 1 : 2,400 68,44 6,88 1 : 2,425 69,23 6,88 1 : 2,450 68,81 6,68 1 : 2,500 71,74 6,68 1 : 2,500 70,92 6,69 In comparison to this, the starting material 3 was stretched over an unheated pin with a diameter of 8 mm and subsequent heating by means of a heating plate of 240 °, varying the degree of stretching. The following specific strengths and thermal shrinkage values could be achieved: Table 4 Degree of stretching spec. Strength (cN / tex) Thermal shrink (180 ° C) 1: 1.850 38.23 6.68 1: 1.950 42.19 6.88 1: 2.050 51.15 6.68 1: 2.150 56.81 6.90 1: 2,200 58.87 6.88 1: 2.250 61.47 7.09 1: 2,300 64.02 6.88 1: 2,350 66.40 6.88 1: 2.375 67.12 6.90 1: 2,400 68.44 6.88 1: 2.425 69.23 6.88 1: 2.450 68.81 6.68 1: 2,500 71.74 6.68 1: 2,500 70.92 6.69

Erst bei einem Verstreckungsgrad größer als 1 : 2,475 traten erste Kapillarbrüche auf. Unter Produktionsbedingungen wurden bereits eine größere Charge des Ausgangsmaterials 3 bei einem Verstreckungsgrad von 1 : 2,300 hergestellt, ohne daß dabei Kapillarbrüche auftraten.The first capillary breaks only occurred when the degree of stretching was greater than 1: 2.475. A larger batch of the starting material 3 was already produced under production conditions with a degree of stretching of 1: 2,300, without any capillary breaks occurring.

Claims (39)

  1. A method of producing a yarn according to which a synthetic multifilament yarn is fed to a pin with a first speed, the multifilament yarn is deflected around the pin between about 270° and 360°, preferably around 360°, the multifilament yarn is heated immediately after the deflection and is drawn off with a second speed which is higher than the first speed, and the drawn-off multifilament yarn is wound up, characterized by using a pre-oriented polyester multifilament yarn (POY polyester yarn) as multifilament yarn, by drawing said pre-oriented polyester multifilament yarn (POY polyester yarn) up to a drawing ratio of 1:2,7, by using a non-heated pin having a diameter smaller than 10 mm as pin, and by heating the multifilament yarn after the deflection to a temperature of between 100°C and 250 °C for 0.01 s to 10 s.
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by heating the multifilament yarn to a temperature of between 180 °C and 240 °C for 0.05 s to 1 s.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by heating the multifilament yarn by contact with a heating means, especially a heating plate or a heating drum.
  4. The method according to claim 3, characterized by heating the heating means to a temperature of between 180 °C and 240 °C.
  5. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by cooling the multifilament yarn after the heating below a predetermined length of a length, which has such a value that the material can freely shrink.
  6. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by drawing off the multifilament yarn with a second speed which is higher than the first speed by the factor 1.3 to 2.7, especially the factor 1.7 to 2.4.
  7. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by using a pre-drawn polyester multifilament yarn (POY polyester yarn) whose solution viscosity is 10 - 20 % higher than the solution viscosity of a normal POY polyester yarn.
  8. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by providing the multifilament yarn with a twist of between 5 and 400 twists/m, preferably of between 8 and 30 twists/m, prior to winding up.
  9. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by using a multifilament yarn having a number of elementary threads of between about 20 and about 500, preferably of between about 30 and about 150.
  10. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by using a multifilament yarn with a titre of between about 100 dtex and about 1000 dtex, preferably of between about 100 dtex and about 600 dtex.
  11. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by intermingling the multifilament yarn in a fluid stream with a second yarn (effect yarn) without winding up the same before, so that a core-jacket-yarn provided with loops and slings is formed, wherein the intermingling is carried out such that the multifilament yarn forms the inner core and the second yarn forms the jacket enclosing the core, and by subsequently winding up the core-jacket-yarn.
  12. The method according to claim 11, characterized by feeding the multifilament yarn with an overfeed of between 1 % and 7 % and the second yarn with an overfeed of between 15 % and 45 % to the intermingling.
  13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized by wetting the multifilament yarn with water or an aqueous dispersion prior to intermingling.
  14. The method according to one of the claims 11 to 13, characterized by using a pre-drawn polyester multifilament yarn (POY polyester yarn) as second yarn.
  15. The method according to claim 14, characterized by using as second yarn a multifilament yarn the titre of which is about 15 % to about 40 % and the number of elementary threads of which is about 50 %, related to the tire or the number of elementary threads of the core yarn, respectively.
  16. The method according to one of the claims 11 to 15, characterized by deflecting the second yarn, prior to intermingling, around a non-heated pin with a diameter smaller than 10 mm by an angle of between about 270° and 360°, preferably 360°, and by heating the second yarn, immediately after the deflection, to a temperature of between 100 °C and 250 °C, especially to a temperature of between 180 °C and 240 °C, for 0.01 s to 10 s, especially for 0.05 s to 1 s.
  17. The method according to claim 16, characterized by drawing off the second yarn from the pin with a speed which is higher than the speed with which the second yarn is fed to the pin by the factor 1.3 to 2.7, especially the factor 1.7 to 2.4.
  18. The method according to one of the claims 11 to 17, characterized by intermingling one to four first multifilament yarns with one to four second yarns.
  19. The method according to one of the claims 11 to 18, characterized by providing the yarns with a twist of between 100 twists/m and 500 twists/m after intermingling.
  20. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by dyeing and/or lubricating the yarn or the yarns prior to winding up the same.
  21. The method according to one of the claims 11 to 20, characterized by subjecting the intermingled yarns to a tension treatment prior to winding up the same so that the self-crossing slings or loops formed during intermingling are decreased in such a manner that they are reduced in their diameter for about 20 % to about 95 %, related to their original diameter.
  22. The method according to claim 21, characterized by feeding the intermingled yarns to the tension treatment with a speed which is between 0.1 % and 5 %, especially between 0.1 and 2.5 %, lower than the speed with which the yarns are drawn off the tension treatment.
  23. The method according to one of the claims 11 to 22, characterized by subjecting the intermingled yarns prior to winding up to a thermal treatment at a temperature of between about 100 °C and 250 °C, especially of between about 180 °C and about 240 °C.
  24. The method according to claim 23, characterized by carrying out the thermal treatment in a hot stream of air.
  25. The method according to one of the claims 23 or 24, characterized by carrying out the thermal treatment for between 0.01 s and 10 s, especially for between 0.05 s and 1 s.
  26. The method according to one of the claims 23 to 25, characterized by feeding the intermingled yarns to the thermal treatment with a speed which is equal to or higher than the speed with which the yarns are drawn off the thermal treatment.
  27. The method according to claim 26, characterized by using a feed speed which is higher than the drawn-off speed for about 0.1 % to 10 %, preferably 2 % to 4 %.
  28. The method according to one of the claims 23 to 27, characterized by providing the intermingled yarns with a twist of between about 10 twists/m and about 800 twists/m, preferably of between about 100 twists and about 600 twists.
  29. The method according to one of the claims 11 to 28, characterized by winding up the intermingled yarns with an overfeed of between 0 % and 10 %, and subsequently dyeing and/or lubricating the same.
  30. A yarn, especially a sewing yarn, produced according to one of the claims 21 to 29, containing polyester multifilament and having a core-jacket-structure with at least one inner multifile core material and at least one multifile effect yarn intermingled therewith, whereby the self-crossing loops and slings formed during said intermingling are reduced relative to their original diameters, charcterized in that less than 15 %, preferably less than 5 %, of said self-crossing loops and slings formed during said intermingling are drawn together in a knot-like manner and in that at least 85 %, perferably 95 %, of said self-crossing loops and slings formed during intermingling have a diameter, which is about 20 % till about 95 % of the original diameter.
  31. The yarn according to claim 30, characterized in that it consists of up to four polyester multifile core materials and up to four polyester multifile effect yarns.
  32. The yarn according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that it is threaded and has between 100 twists/m and 600 twists/m.
  33. The yarn according to one of the claims 30 to 32, characterized in that the core material has a number of elementary threads of between 20 and 500, preferably of between 30 and 150.
  34. The yarn according to one of the claims 30 to 33, characterized in that the effect yarn has a number of elementary threads which corresponds to about half of the number of elementary threads of the core material.
  35. The yarn according to one of the claims 30 to 34, characterized in that the core material has a titre of between 100 dtex and 1000 dtex, preferably of between 100 dtex and 600 dtex.
  36. The yarn according to one of the claims 30 to 35, characterized in that the titre of the effect yarn corresponds to about 15 % up to about 40 % of the tire of the core yarn.
  37. The yarn according to one of the claims 30 to 36, characterized in that the yarn has a thermal shrinkage at 180 °C and a boiling shrinkage in water of between 2 % and 4 %.
  38. The yarn according to one of the claims 30 to 37, characterized in that the core material, prior to the drawing, has an original titre of 285 dtex and a number of elementary threads of 32, that it has a titre of between 162.8 dtex and 123.9 dtex after the drawing, and that the specific strength of the core material varies between 41.06 cN/tex and 67.12 cN/tex.
  39. The yarn according to one of the preceding claims 30 to 38, characterized in that the core material as starting material has a titre of 410 dtex and a number of elementary threads of 40, that the core material after the drawing has a titre of between 221.6 dtex and 165.8 dtex and a specific strength of between 38.23 cN/tex and 68.81 cN/tex.
EP88109358A 1987-06-15 1988-06-13 Method for making a yarn, and yarn having a sheath-core-structure Expired - Lifetime EP0295601B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873720237 DE3720237A1 (en) 1987-06-15 1987-06-15 METHOD FOR PRODUCING AIR BLOW TEXTURED SEWING THREAD
DE3720237 1987-06-15

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0295601A2 EP0295601A2 (en) 1988-12-21
EP0295601A3 EP0295601A3 (en) 1991-04-17
EP0295601B1 EP0295601B1 (en) 1992-01-15
EP0295601B2 true EP0295601B2 (en) 1995-07-26

Family

ID=6329871

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88109358A Expired - Lifetime EP0295601B2 (en) 1987-06-15 1988-06-13 Method for making a yarn, and yarn having a sheath-core-structure

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US5083419A (en)
EP (1) EP0295601B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE71675T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8802925A (en)
DE (2) DE3720237A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2029699T5 (en)
HK (1) HK54792A (en)
MX (1) MX172928B (en)
SG (1) SG41992G (en)
ZA (1) ZA884233B (en)

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DE3816318C1 (en) * 1988-05-13 1989-11-30 Amann & Soehne Gmbh & Co, 7124 Boennigheim, De
DE3831700A1 (en) * 1988-09-17 1990-03-22 Amann & Soehne METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A YARN, IN PARTICULAR A SEWING YARN, AND A YARN
DE3844615A1 (en) * 1988-09-17 1990-03-22 Amann & Soehne Yarn, in particular sewing thread
DE3834139A1 (en) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-19 Hoechst Ag TWO-COMPONENT LOOP SEWING YARN AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
DE4004721C2 (en) * 1988-12-13 2002-09-26 Staehle Gmbh H Process for the production of an air textured thread
US5054174A (en) * 1988-12-13 1991-10-08 Barmag Ag Method of producing an air textured yarn
EP0415032A3 (en) * 1989-07-10 1991-12-11 Amann & Soehne Gmbh & Co. Sewing thread and process for its manufacture
DE4121638C2 (en) * 1990-08-17 1993-11-04 Amann & Soehne YARN, ESPECIALLY SEWING YARN, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A YARN
DE4215176C3 (en) * 1992-05-08 1996-06-20 Gerd Ebert Sewing thread, hereby sewn fabric and method for producing a splash-proof seam
DE4215016A1 (en) * 1992-05-12 1993-11-18 Amann & Soehne High-strength sewing thread and method for producing such a sewing thread
DE4215015A1 (en) * 1992-05-12 1993-11-18 Amann & Soehne Stretching process
DE4215212A1 (en) * 1992-05-12 1993-11-18 Amann & Soehne Core yarn and process for producing a core yarn
EP0586951B1 (en) * 1992-08-26 1999-10-06 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Bicomponent looped yarns with a fine yarn count and high strength, method of production and their use as sewing and embroidery threads
DE4424547C2 (en) * 1993-07-15 2001-05-17 Staehle Gmbh H Process for producing a sewing thread and sewing thread
EP0664352B1 (en) * 1994-01-20 1999-03-17 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Looped two component yarn, method for its production and its use as a sewing or embroidery thread
DE4443456A1 (en) * 1994-12-07 1996-07-04 Hoechst Trevira Gmbh & Co Kg Two-component loop yarns made from aramid filaments, process for their production and their use
ES2140817T3 (en) * 1995-01-25 2000-03-01 Rhodia Filtec Ag PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A POLYESTER FRAME WIRE FOR TIRES.
US6074751A (en) * 1995-09-13 2000-06-13 Toray Industries, Inc. Composite textured yarn, a process for its production, woven or knitted fabrics made thereof, and an apparatus for producing it
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DE19730977A1 (en) * 1997-07-18 1999-01-21 Guetermann Ag Process for the production of air-textured sewing threads
US20020011018A1 (en) * 2000-07-17 2002-01-31 Healy Francis J. Air-texturized dubbing yarn and method of tying a fishing fly using same
EP1579043A4 (en) * 2002-12-17 2008-08-06 Du Pont Method for control of yarn processing equipment
DE10301925A1 (en) * 2003-01-17 2004-07-29 Deutsche Institute für Textil- und Faserforschung Production of multi-component, multi-filament thread with varied shrinkage characteristics, processes components separately and continuously then combines them
CN1303266C (en) * 2003-05-08 2007-03-07 中国石化仪征化纤股份有限公司 Manufacture of high tenacity low-stretch polyester filaments
DE102005013186A1 (en) * 2005-03-22 2006-09-28 Invista Technologies S.A.R.L. Sewing thread made of polybutylene terephthalate
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WO2014005577A2 (en) * 2012-07-02 2014-01-09 Casar Drahtseilwerk Saar Gmbh Device and method for producing a strand or a cable
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US11591748B2 (en) 2020-01-14 2023-02-28 Shadow Works, Llc Heat treated multilayer knitted textile of liquid crystal polymer fibers and modified polyacrylonitrile fibers, and process for making same

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3720237A1 (en) 1989-01-05
ES2029699T5 (en) 1995-12-01
SG41992G (en) 1992-10-02
US5083419A (en) 1992-01-28
DE3720237C2 (en) 1989-06-29
MX172928B (en) 1994-01-24
EP0295601A2 (en) 1988-12-21
HK54792A (en) 1992-07-30
DE3867719D1 (en) 1992-02-27
ES2029699T3 (en) 1992-09-01
ZA884233B (en) 1989-02-22
EP0295601B1 (en) 1992-01-15
ATE71675T1 (en) 1992-02-15
EP0295601A3 (en) 1991-04-17
BR8802925A (en) 1989-01-03

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