EP0290627B1 - Heat pipe for cooling substances - Google Patents

Heat pipe for cooling substances Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0290627B1
EP0290627B1 EP87908018A EP87908018A EP0290627B1 EP 0290627 B1 EP0290627 B1 EP 0290627B1 EP 87908018 A EP87908018 A EP 87908018A EP 87908018 A EP87908018 A EP 87908018A EP 0290627 B1 EP0290627 B1 EP 0290627B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jacket
cooler
heat
heat pipe
channels
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87908018A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0290627A1 (en
EP0290627A4 (en
Inventor
Alexandr Naumovich Gershuni
Valery Stepanovich Maisotsenko
Vladilen Kominovich Zaripov
Mikhail Grigorievich Semena
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Kievsky Politekhnichesky Institut Imeni
ODESSKY INZHENERNO-STROITELNY INSTITUT
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Kievsky Politekhnichesky Institut Imeni
ODESSKY INZHENERNO-STROITELNY INSTITUT
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Publication of EP0290627A4 publication Critical patent/EP0290627A4/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/911—Vaporization

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cooler in the form of a heat pipe for cooling substances.
  • the invention can be used for cooling solid, liquid and gaseous substances such as food, medical and biological preparations, chemical substances, etc.
  • the invention can be used to maintain the temperature conditions during the operation of heat-stressed parts of various equipment, devices and apparatus.
  • Coolers for materials in the form of a heat pipe with an evaporation and a condensation zone are known.
  • the heat is extracted from the substance to be cooled in the evaporation zone and the heat is given off to the coolant in the condensation zone.
  • a disadvantage of these coolers is that they cannot achieve a cooling effect, ie a temperature below the coolant temperature on the surface of the cooler Tube can not be reached.
  • Another disadvantage is a small heat exchange area of the heat pipe when exchanging heat with the surroundings, which severely limits the possibilities of the heat pipe to maintain the required heat status of the objects, and the heat pipe as a heat transfer element between the flows of the "hot” and the "cold”"Medium to be transferred heat flow is emitted in a low value.
  • the disadvantage mentioned is particularly pronounced under the conditions when the gas streams wash around the housing surface in the evaporation and in the condensation zone of the heat pipe.
  • a cooler for materials is known, which is designed in the form of a heat pipe (S. Chi “heat pipes", theory and practice, Moscow, Mashinostroenie, 1981, pp. 39 to 40 Fig. 1.24, 1.25), which has a housing with a Evaporation zone, in which heat is extracted from the material to be cooled, and with a condensation zone, which is provided with outer fins cooled by a gas stream.
  • a heat pipe S. Chi "heat pipes", theory and practice, Moscow, Mashinostroenie, 1981, pp. 39 to 40 Fig. 1.24, 1.25
  • the gas flow around the heat pipe is in no way restricted, resulting in low gas velocity between the fins, which results in a low heat dissipation coefficient and a low cooling efficiency.
  • This cooler like the previously described cooler, allows a substance to be cooled to a certain temperature which, however, exceeds the coolant temperature. With the cooler, however, a substance cannot be cooled to a temperature below the coolant temperature, ie a cooling effect cannot be achieved
  • a disadvantage of the cooler is also the fact that the effectiveness in cooling a substance (with a given internal heat resistance of the heat pipe and a given coolant temperature) can only be increased by increasing the area of the outer fins and by more intensely giving off heat to the gas flow, as a result of which the mass, the dimensions, the metal expenditure and the energy consumption for the fan drive are increased. In addition, certain limits are set in this regard, which are due to the physical laws of the heat transfer processes.
  • a cooler which consists of a metal block to which a semiconductor device is attached and at least one heat pipe (GB-A-2 167 550).
  • the condensation zone of the heat pipe (or the heat pipes) has outer ribs and is provided with a jacket which is open for movement of a gas flow from one side.
  • the presence of the jacket allows the gas flow to be directed sensibly with an increase in its velocity between the fins, resulting in an increase in cooling efficiency.
  • this known cooler has all the other disadvantages of the cooler described above, i.e. still insufficient cooling of the semiconductor device, and the inability to achieve a cold effect.
  • a cooling effect can be achieved by means of cooling devices and devices of various types and designs.
  • all of these coolers have a number of significant disadvantages: high energy expenditure, which leads to a large increase in energy consumption when used massly; Difficulties in manufacture, operation and repair, which result in significant production and operating costs; Environmental hazard, due to the use of freon, ammonia and other toxic substances as coolants.
  • An object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages described above.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a cooler for fabrics in the form of a heat pipe with such a design that the cooler has a cooling effect and an increased cooling efficiency.
  • a heat pipe for cooling substances with an evaporation zone in which heat is extracted from the substance to be cooled, and with a condensation zone which is provided with outer fins around which a gas stream flows the heat pipe having a jacket which is suitable for the Gas flow supply is open from one side, characterized in that the outer ribs are arranged in the jacket such that their end faces form a cavity for the gas flow reversal with the wall of the jacket on the other side, the adjacent ribs on the side of the gas supply in pairs below Formation of channels between each pair and within each pair are hermetically connected, the walls of the inner channels formed are provided with a coating with capillaries and pores, the ends of which come into contact with a liquid medium, and that on the jacket in the area of the inner channels at the Place the hermetic connection of the ribs to pairs of openings for the exhaust gas is provided in the atmosphere.
  • a water container is provided in the jacket.
  • Heat pipe there is the possibility to achieve a cooling effect, i.e. to cool a substance to a temperature below the coolant temperature and to increase the cooling efficiency.
  • the rib temperature drops, the gas flow absorbs the heat, becomes moist and is expelled into the atmosphere through the openings in the jacket.
  • the temperature of the condensation zone and the substance to be cooled is reduced, and there is an additional cooling of the gas stream in the channels between the pairs of ribs.
  • a peculiar circuit for evaporative cooling is obtained, in which a gas (for example air) does not enter the interior channels from the environment as in the conventional circuit, but already cooled gas exiting the channels between the pairs, which occurs in contrast to the usual circuit, it allows the cooling limit to be lowered to a temperature below the wet temperature of the atmospheric air.
  • a gas for example air
  • openings for the exit of the exhaust air into the atmosphere are expediently provided on the jacket in the area of the inner channels at the location of the hermetic connection of the ribs to pairs.
  • the cooler is equipped with the water container in the jacket.
  • the substance to be cooled constantly develops a considerable amount of heat, its temperature can be reduced to a value exceeding the temperature of the inflowing air with the cooler according to the invention, the cooling efficiency being much higher compared to the known existing coolers in the form of heat pipes, ie a much lower temperature of the substance to be cooled can be achieved than in the known analog coolers.
  • the cooler according to the invention has significant advantages compared to the known coolers.
  • a cooler designed as described above on the basis of a copper heat pipe with a diameter of 14 mm, which has an evaporation and a condensation zone each 150 mm long and in which on the surface of the condensation zone rectangular copper ribs with a size of 100 ⁇ 70 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm are arranged at a distance of 3 mm from each other, at a temperature of the incoming air of 20 ° C, a relative humidity of 50% and a throughput of 25 kg / h a surface temperature of the heat pipe in reached the evaporation zone of 14.6 ° C, ie maintain a temperature of 5.4 ° C below the temperature of the incoming air.
  • a cooler according to the invention can be manufactured and used for household and industrial use as a stationary, portable and built-in cooler. Furthermore, a cooler according to the invention is characterized by a low specific energy consumption, reliability and simplicity in operation, small size, small dimensions and environmental friendliness.
  • the cooler (Fig. 1, 2) is in the form of an axial heat pipe 1 with an evaporation and a condensation zone 2 and 3, respectively. Rectangular transverse ribs 4 are provided on the surface of the condensation zone 3.
  • the cooler has a jacket 5 which is open for the supply of a gas stream (for example an air stream) from one of the sides.
  • the said ribs 4 are arranged such that their end faces form a cavity A for the airflow reversal with the wall of the jacket 5 on the side opposite the air flow supply side.
  • the adjacent fins 4 are hermetically connected to pairs 6 on the air supply side to form channels 7 between each pair and channels 8 within each pair.
  • the walls of the inner channels 8 have a covering 9 with capillaries and pores, which is produced directly on the ribs 4 by any method or is applied and fastened to these in a known method.
  • the ends of the coating 9 with capillaries and pores are in contact with a liquid medium such as water 10, which is located in a container 11 housed in the jacket 5.
  • openings 12 are provided in the area of the inner channels 8 at the point of the hermetic connection of the ribs to pairs for the exit of the exhaust air into the atmosphere.
  • the cooler for fabrics works as follows: an air flow from the environment is fed into the channels 7 between each pair 6 of the fins 4, flows through these channels and enters the cavity A, where it is reversed and directed into the inner channels 8. In the inner channels 8, the air flows in countercurrent to the air in the channels 7. When the wet coating 9 with capillaries and pores, wetted with water 10 from the container 11, is evaporated through the air, the moisture evaporates, as a result of which the heat from the ribs 4 and the ribbed outer surface of zone 3 of the heat pipe is removed. The moist exhaust air flow exits into the atmosphere via the openings 12.
  • the cooler can be designed in the form of a heat pipe with longitudinal ribs in the condensation zone.
  • the gas flows in the channels run parallel to the heat pipe axis.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment variant of the invention, which represents a coaxial heat pipe.
  • the evaporation zone 2 and the condensation zone 3 are designed as coaxially arranged shells, and the heat is not transferred axially from the evaporation zone to the condensation zone, as in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, but radially.
  • Such a constructive solution makes it possible to create a cooling chamber B, which is conveniently arranged from the point of view of the function, for the substance to be cooled with unchanged dimensions of the cooler.
  • the construction elements and the operation of the cooler in this embodiment variant are similar to that described above.
  • the fabric cooler does not consist of a single heat pipe but of a set of heat pipes in which the condensation zones have common outer ribs which are arranged in the jacket.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Abstract

The device consists of a heat-pipe (1) having an evaporation and a condensation zone (2, 3) and provided, within zone (3), with external ribs (4). The cooler has a jacket (5) open on one of its sides to let the gas flow in, and the ribs (4) are arranged inside it so as to form on the other side by their end-faces, together with the wall of the jacket (5), a chamber (4) for diverting the gas flow. The adjacent ribs (4) are hermetically connected in pairs so as to provide channels (7, 8) inside and between the pairs. The walls of the internal channels (8) are provided with a capillary-porous layer (9), the ends of which contact with a liquid medium (10).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kühler in Form eines Wärmerohres zur Kühlung von Stoffen.The invention relates to a cooler in the form of a heat pipe for cooling substances.

Die Erfindung kann zur Kühlung von festen, flüssigen und gasförmigen Stoffen wie Nahrungsmittel, medizinische und biologische Präparate, chemische Substanzen usw. eingesetzt werden.The invention can be used for cooling solid, liquid and gaseous substances such as food, medical and biological preparations, chemical substances, etc.

Außerdem kann die Erfindung zur Unterhaltung der Temperaturbedingungen beim Betrieb wärmebeanspruchter Teile verschiedener Ausrüstungen, Geräte und Apparate zur Anwendung kommen.In addition, the invention can be used to maintain the temperature conditions during the operation of heat-stressed parts of various equipment, devices and apparatus.

Es sind Kühler für Stoffe in Form eines Wärmerohres mit einer Verdampfungs- und einer Kondensationszone bekannt. In der Verdampfungszone wird dem zu kühlenden Stoff die Wärme entzogen und in der Kondensationszone wird die Wärme an das Kühlmittel abgegeben. Ein Nachteil dieser Kühler besteht darin, daß darin ein Kälteeffekt nicht erzielt werden kann, d.h. eine unter der Kühlmitteltemperatur liegende Temperatur auf der Oberfläche eines derartigen Rohres nicht erreicht werden kann. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist eine geringe Wärmeaustauschfläche des Wärmerohres beim Wärmeaustausch mit der Umgebung, wodurch die Möglichkeiten des Wärmerohres, den erforderlichen Wärmezustand der Objekte zu unterhalten, stark eingeschränkt werden sowie der durch das Wärmerohr als Wärmeübertragungselement zwischen den Strömen des "heißen" und des "kalten" Mediums zu übertragende Wärmestrom in einem geringen Wert abgegeben wird. Besonders stark kommt der genannte Nachteil unter den Bedingungen zur Geltung, wenn die Gasströme die Gehäuseoberfläche in der Verdampfungs- und in der Kondensationszone des Wärmerohres umspülen.Coolers for materials in the form of a heat pipe with an evaporation and a condensation zone are known. The heat is extracted from the substance to be cooled in the evaporation zone and the heat is given off to the coolant in the condensation zone. A disadvantage of these coolers is that they cannot achieve a cooling effect, ie a temperature below the coolant temperature on the surface of the cooler Tube can not be reached. Another disadvantage is a small heat exchange area of the heat pipe when exchanging heat with the surroundings, which severely limits the possibilities of the heat pipe to maintain the required heat status of the objects, and the heat pipe as a heat transfer element between the flows of the "hot" and the "cold""Medium to be transferred heat flow is emitted in a low value. The disadvantage mentioned is particularly pronounced under the conditions when the gas streams wash around the housing surface in the evaporation and in the condensation zone of the heat pipe.

Es ist ein Kühler für Stoffe bekannt, der in Form eines Wärmerohres ausgebildet ist (S. Chi "Wärmerohre", Theorie und Praxis, Moskau, Mashinostroenie, 1981, S. 39 bis 40 Abb. 1.24, 1.25), das ein Gehäuse mit einer Verdampfungszone, in der dem zu kühlenden Stoff Wärme entzogen wird, und mit einer Kondensationszone, die mit durch einen Gasstrom gekühlten Außenrippen versehen ist, enthält. In diesem Kühler für Stoffe ist einer der obengenannten Nachteile beseitigt, und zwar ist die Wärmeaustauschfläche mit dem Gasstrom durch die vorhandenen Außenrippen wesentlich vergrößert. Jedoch ist der das Wärmerohr umspülende Gasstrom in keiner Weise beschränkt, was zu einer niedrigen Geschwindigkeit des Gases zwischen den Rippen führt, wodurch ein niedriger Wärmeabgabekoeffizient und eine geringe Kühlungswirksamkeit hervorgerufen werden.A cooler for materials is known, which is designed in the form of a heat pipe (S. Chi "heat pipes", theory and practice, Moscow, Mashinostroenie, 1981, pp. 39 to 40 Fig. 1.24, 1.25), which has a housing with a Evaporation zone, in which heat is extracted from the material to be cooled, and with a condensation zone, which is provided with outer fins cooled by a gas stream. In this cooler for fabrics, one of the disadvantages mentioned above has been eliminated, namely the heat exchange area with the gas flow through the existing outer ribs has been significantly increased. However, the gas flow around the heat pipe is in no way restricted, resulting in low gas velocity between the fins, which results in a low heat dissipation coefficient and a low cooling efficiency.

Dieser Kühler wie auch der vorher beschriebene Kühler gestattet es, einen Stoff auf eine bestimmte Temperatur zu kühlen, die jedoch die Kühlmitteltemperatur überschreitet. Mit dem Kühler kann jedoch ein Stoff auf eine unter der Kühlmitteltemperatur liegende Temperatur nicht gekühlt werden, d.h. ein Kälteeffekt kann nicht erzielt werden.Zum Nachteil des Kühlers gehört auch der Umstand, daß die Wirksamkeit beim Kühlen eines Stoffes (bei einem vorgegebenen inneren Wärmewiderstand des Wärmerohres und einer vorgegebenen Kühlmitteltemperatur) nur durch eine Vergrößerung der Fläche der äußeren Berippung und durch eine intensivere Wärmeabgabe an den Gasstrom erhöht werden kann, wodurch die Masse, die Abmessungen, der Metallaufwand und der Energieverbrauch für den Lüfterantrieb vergrößert werden. Außerdem sind in dieser Hinsicht bestimmte Grenzen gesetzt, die durch physikalische Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Wärmeübertragungsprozesse bedingt sind.This cooler, like the previously described cooler, allows a substance to be cooled to a certain temperature which, however, exceeds the coolant temperature. With the cooler, however, a substance cannot be cooled to a temperature below the coolant temperature, ie a cooling effect cannot be achieved A disadvantage of the cooler is also the fact that the effectiveness in cooling a substance (with a given internal heat resistance of the heat pipe and a given coolant temperature) can only be increased by increasing the area of the outer fins and by more intensely giving off heat to the gas flow, as a result of which the mass, the dimensions, the metal expenditure and the energy consumption for the fan drive are increased. In addition, certain limits are set in this regard, which are due to the physical laws of the heat transfer processes.

Es ist auch ein Kühler bekannt, der aus einem Metallblock, an welchem eine Halbleitervorrichtung befestigt ist, und wenigstens einem Wärmerohr besteht (GB-A-2 167 550). Die Kondensationszone des Wärmerohres (oder der Wärmerohre) hat äußere Rippen und ist mit einem Mantel versehen, der für Bewegung eines Gasstromes von einer Seite offen ist. Im Gegensatz zu dem zuvor beschriebenen bekannten Kühler ermöglicht es das Vorhandensein des Mantels ein vernünftiges Leiten des Gasstromes mit einer Erhöhung seiner Geschwindigkeit zwischen den Rippen, woraus sich eine Erhöhung der Kühlungswirksamkeit ergibt. Abgesehen davon besitzt jedoch dieser bekannte Kühler alle weiteren Nachteile des zuvor beschriebenen Kühlers, d.h. immer noch unzureichende Kühlung der Halbleitervorrichtung, und die Unmöglichkeit, einen Kälteeffekt zu erzielen.A cooler is also known which consists of a metal block to which a semiconductor device is attached and at least one heat pipe (GB-A-2 167 550). The condensation zone of the heat pipe (or the heat pipes) has outer ribs and is provided with a jacket which is open for movement of a gas flow from one side. In contrast to the known cooler described above, the presence of the jacket allows the gas flow to be directed sensibly with an increase in its velocity between the fins, resulting in an increase in cooling efficiency. Apart from this, however, this known cooler has all the other disadvantages of the cooler described above, i.e. still insufficient cooling of the semiconductor device, and the inability to achieve a cold effect.

Ein Kälteeffekt kann mittels Kühlgeräten und -apparaten verschiedener Typen und Konstruktionen erzielt werden. Jedoch sind alle diese Kühler mit einer Reihe wesentlicher Nachteile behaftet: hoher Energieaufwand, der bei ihrem Masseneinsatz zu einer starken Zunahme des Energieverbrauches führt; Schwierigkeiten bei der Herstellung, beim Betrieb und bei der Reparatur, wodurch wesentliche Produktions- und Betriebskosten entstehen; Umweltgefährdung, die auf die Anwendung von Freon, Ammoniak und anderen toxischen Stoffen als Kühlmittel zurückzuführen ist.A cooling effect can be achieved by means of cooling devices and devices of various types and designs. However, all of these coolers have a number of significant disadvantages: high energy expenditure, which leads to a large increase in energy consumption when used massly; Difficulties in manufacture, operation and repair, which result in significant production and operating costs; Environmental hazard, due to the use of freon, ammonia and other toxic substances as coolants.

Ein Ziel der Erfindung ist die Beseitigung der oben beschriebenen Nachteile.An object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages described above.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kühler für Stoffe in Form eines Wärmerohres mit einer solchen konstruktiven Ausführung zu schaffen, daß der Kühler einen Kälteeffekt und eine erhöhte Kühlwirksamkeit hat.The invention has for its object to provide a cooler for fabrics in the form of a heat pipe with such a design that the cooler has a cooling effect and an increased cooling efficiency.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Wärmerohr zur Kühlung von Stoffen mit einer Verdampfungszone, in der dem zu kühlenden Stoff Wärme entzogen wird, und mit einer Kondensationszone, die mit von einem Gasstrom umspülten Außenrippen versehen ist, wobei das Wärmerohr einen Mantel hat, der für die Gasstromzufuhr von einer Seite offen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenrippen in dem Mantel derart angeordnet sind, daß ihre Stirnseiten mit der Wand des Mantels auf der anderen Seite einen Hohlraum für die Gasstromumkehr bilden, die benachbarten Rippen auf der Seite der Gaszufuhr zu Paaren unter Bildung von Kanälen zwischen jedem Paar und innerhalb jedes Paares hermetisch verbunden sind, die Wände der gebildeten Innenkanäle mit einem Überzug mit Kapillaren und Poren versehen sind, deren Enden mit einem flüssigen Medium in Berührung treten, und daß auf dem Mantel im Bereich der Innenkanäle an der Stelle der hermetischen Verbindung der Rippen zu Paaren Öffnungen für den Austritt des Abgases in die Atmosphäre vorgesehen sind.This object is achieved by a heat pipe for cooling substances with an evaporation zone in which heat is extracted from the substance to be cooled, and with a condensation zone which is provided with outer fins around which a gas stream flows, the heat pipe having a jacket which is suitable for the Gas flow supply is open from one side, characterized in that the outer ribs are arranged in the jacket such that their end faces form a cavity for the gas flow reversal with the wall of the jacket on the other side, the adjacent ribs on the side of the gas supply in pairs below Formation of channels between each pair and within each pair are hermetically connected, the walls of the inner channels formed are provided with a coating with capillaries and pores, the ends of which come into contact with a liquid medium, and that on the jacket in the area of the inner channels at the Place the hermetic connection of the ribs to pairs of openings for the exhaust gas is provided in the atmosphere.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist in dem Mantel ein Wasserbehälter vorgesehen.According to a preferred embodiment, a water container is provided in the jacket.

Durch die Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Kühlers bzw.By executing the cooler according to the invention or

Wärmerohres ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, einen Kälteeffekt zu erzielen, d.h. einen Stoff auf eine unter der Kühlmitteltemperatur liegende Temperatur zu kühlen, und die Kühlwirksamkeit zu erhöhen.Heat pipe there is the possibility to achieve a cooling effect, i.e. to cool a substance to a temperature below the coolant temperature and to increase the cooling efficiency.

Das Wesen der Erfindung besteht im folgenden. Da der Kühler mit einem Mantel versehen ist, der von der einen Seite offen ist, auf der anderen Seite ein Hohlraum für die Gasstromumkehr vorgesehen ist und die Rippen derart verbunden sind, daß Kanäle gebildet werden, kann der Gasstrom zuerst in die Kanäle (zwischen jedem Rippenpaar) geleitet werden, die durch die zu Paaren hermetisch verbundenen benachbarten Rippen gebildet sind, und dann nach dem Austritt aus diesen Kanälen im Hohlraum umgekehrt werden, der durch die Rippenstirnseiten und die Mantelwand gebildet ist, und in die Innenkanäle jedes Rippenpaares im Gegenstrom geleitet werden. Den an den Wänden der Innenkanäle befindlichen Überzug mit Kapillaren und Poren kann man mit einem flüssigen Medium durchtränken. Durch das Fließen des Gasstromes in diesen Kanälen wird dann eine Verdampfung der Flüssigkeit aus den Poren des Überzuges hervorgerufen. Im Ergebnis wird die Wärme von den Rippen und der Oberfläche des Wärmerohres in der Kondensationszone abgeführt und:

  • a) zwischen der Kondensations- und der Verdampfungszone entsteht ein Temperaturgradient und das Wärmerohr beginnt nach dem bekannten Verdampfungs- und Kondensationsprozeß zu funktionieren, wobei die Wärme von dem zu kühlenden Stoff abgeführt wird;
  • b) gleichzeitig wird der Gasstrom vorgekühlt, der in die Kanäle zwischen den Rippenpaaren geleitet ist und im Gegenstrom zum Gasstrom in den Innenkanälen fließt.
The essence of the invention is as follows. Since the cooler is provided with a jacket which is open on one side, a cavity for the gas flow reversal is provided on the other side and the fins are connected in such a way that channels are formed, the gas flow can first enter the channels (between each Pair of ribs), which are formed by the adjacent ribs hermetically connected in pairs, and then, after emerging from these channels, are reversed in the cavity formed by the rib ends and the jacket wall, and are directed in countercurrent into the inner channels of each pair of ribs . The coating with capillaries and pores on the walls of the inner channels can be soaked with a liquid medium. The gas flow in these channels then causes evaporation of the liquid from the pores of the coating. As a result, the heat is dissipated from the fins and the surface of the heat pipe in the condensation zone and:
  • a) a temperature gradient arises between the condensation and evaporation zone and the heat pipe begins to function according to the known evaporation and condensation process, the heat being removed from the material to be cooled;
  • b) at the same time the gas stream is precooled, which is directed into the channels between the pairs of fins and flows in countercurrent to the gas stream in the inner channels.

Wenn der vorgekühlte Gasstrom in die Innenkanäle gelangt, sinkt die Rippentemperatur ab, der Gasstrom nimmt die Wärme auf, wird feucht und durch die Öffnungen im Mantel in die Atmosphäre ausgestoßen. Durch die Senkung der Rippentemperatur wird die Temperatur der Kondensationszone und des zu kühlenden Stoffes erniedrigt,und es findet eine zusätzliche Kühlung des Gasstromes in den Kanälen zwischen den Rippenpaaren statt. Beim Ablauf des Prozesses in der beschriebenen Reihenfolge wird im Ergebnis erzielt, daß die Temperatur des zu kühlenden Stoffes auf eine unter der Temperatur des zuströmenden Gases liegende Temperatur erniedrigt wird, d.h. es wird ein Kälteeffekt gewährleistet. Somit wird durch die genannten Merkmale des Kühlers ein eigenartiger Kreislauf für Verdampfungskühlung erhalten, bei dem ein Gas (beispielsweise Luft) nicht aus der Umgebung wie beim üblichen Kreislauf, sondern bereits gekühltes, aus den Kanälen zwischen den Paaren austretendes Gas in die Innenkanäle eintritt, was im Unterschied zum üblichen Kreislauf es gestattet, die Kühlgrenze auf eine unter der Naßtemperatur der atmosphärischen Luft liegende Temperatur zu senken.When the pre-cooled gas flow enters the inner channels, the rib temperature drops, the gas flow absorbs the heat, becomes moist and is expelled into the atmosphere through the openings in the jacket. By lowering the Rib temperature, the temperature of the condensation zone and the substance to be cooled is reduced, and there is an additional cooling of the gas stream in the channels between the pairs of ribs. When the process proceeds in the order described, the result is that the temperature of the substance to be cooled is reduced to a temperature below the temperature of the inflowing gas, ie a cooling effect is ensured. Thus, through the mentioned features of the cooler, a peculiar circuit for evaporative cooling is obtained, in which a gas (for example air) does not enter the interior channels from the environment as in the conventional circuit, but already cooled gas exiting the channels between the pairs, which occurs in contrast to the usual circuit, it allows the cooling limit to be lowered to a temperature below the wet temperature of the atmospheric air.

Zur VergröBerung der Oberfläche des durch die Luft umspülten Überzuges mit Kapillaren und Poren werden zweckmäßigerweise an dem Mantel im Bereich der Innenkanäle an der Stelle der hermetischen Verbindung der Rippen zu Paaren Öffnungen für den Austritt der Abluft in die Atmosphäre vorgesehen. Um weiterhin die Betriebszeit des Kühlers ohne Nachfüllen eines flüssigen Mediums zu verlängern, ist der Kühler mit dem Wasserbehälter in dem Mantel ausgerüstet.To increase the surface area of the air-washed coating with capillaries and pores, openings for the exit of the exhaust air into the atmosphere are expediently provided on the jacket in the area of the inner channels at the location of the hermetic connection of the ribs to pairs. In order to further extend the operating time of the cooler without refilling a liquid medium, the cooler is equipped with the water container in the jacket.

Wenn der zu kühlende Stoff eine beträchtliche Wärme ständig entwickelt, kann seine Temperatur mit dem Kühler gemäß der Erfindung auf einen die Temperatur der zuströmenden Luft überschreitenden Wert gesenkt werden, wobei die Kühlwirksamkeit im Vergleich zu den bekannten bestehenden Kühlern in Form von Wärmerohren viel höher ist, d.h. es kann eine viel tiefer liegende Temperatur des zu kühlenden Stoffes als in den analogen bekannten Kühlern erreicht werden.If the substance to be cooled constantly develops a considerable amount of heat, its temperature can be reduced to a value exceeding the temperature of the inflowing air with the cooler according to the invention, the cooling efficiency being much higher compared to the known existing coolers in the form of heat pipes, ie a much lower temperature of the substance to be cooled can be achieved than in the known analog coolers.

Folglich hat der erfindungsgemäße Kühler wesentliche Vorteile im Vergleich zu den bekannten Kühlern. Es wird z.B. in einem wie oben beschrieben ausgeführten Kühler auf der Basis eines kupfernen Wärmerohres mit einem Durchmesser von 14 mm, das eine Verdampfungs- und eine Kondensationszone von je 150 mm Länge hat und bei dem auf der Oberfläche der Kondensationszone rechteckige kupferne Querrippen mit einer Größe von 100  ×  70 mm und einer Dicke von 0,5 mm in einem Abstand von 3 mm voneinander angeordnet sind, bei einer Temperatur der zuströmenden Luft von 20°C, einer relativen Feuchtigkeit von 50% und einem Durchsatz von 25 kg/h eine Oberflächentemperatur des Wärmerohres in der Verdampfungszone von 14,6°C erreicht, d.h. eine um 5,4°C unter der Temperatur der zuströmenden Luft liegende Temperatur erhalten. Wenn an der Oberfläche dieses Wärmerohres in der Verdampfungszone ein Objekt mit einer Wärmeentwicklung von 300 W angeordnet wird, erweist sich seine Temperatur als um 38°C tiefer liegend im Vergleich zur Temperatur des gleichen Objektes, das jedoch an einem Wärmerohr bekannter Konstruktion und gleicher Größe angeordnet wird, und um die gleiche Temperatur zu erreichen, muß das bekannte Wärmerohr eine Länge der Kondensationszone um das Zweifache, eine Masse und einen Metallaufwand um das 1,7 fache und einen Luftdurchsatz um das 2,1 fache größer als bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Wärmerohr haben.Consequently, the cooler according to the invention has significant advantages compared to the known coolers. For example in a cooler designed as described above on the basis of a copper heat pipe with a diameter of 14 mm, which has an evaporation and a condensation zone each 150 mm long and in which on the surface of the condensation zone rectangular copper ribs with a size of 100 × 70 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm are arranged at a distance of 3 mm from each other, at a temperature of the incoming air of 20 ° C, a relative humidity of 50% and a throughput of 25 kg / h a surface temperature of the heat pipe in reached the evaporation zone of 14.6 ° C, ie maintain a temperature of 5.4 ° C below the temperature of the incoming air. If an object with a heat development of 300 W is arranged on the surface of this heat pipe in the evaporation zone, its temperature turns out to be 38 ° C lower than the temperature of the same object, but which is arranged on a heat pipe of known construction and size is, and in order to reach the same temperature, the known heat pipe must have a length of the condensation zone twice, a mass and a metal expenditure by 1.7 times and an air flow rate by 2.1 times greater than in the heat pipe according to the invention.

Ein Kühler gemäß der Erfindung kann für Haushalt und Industrie als stationärer, tragbarer und in Transportmittel eingebauter Kühler hergestellt und verwendet werden. Weiterhin zeichnet sich ein Kühler gemäß der Erfindung durch einen niedrigen spezifischen Energieverbrauch, Zuverlässigkeit und Einfachheit im Betrieb, kleine Masse, geringe Abmessungen sowie Umweltfreundlichkeit aus.A cooler according to the invention can be manufactured and used for household and industrial use as a stationary, portable and built-in cooler. Furthermore, a cooler according to the invention is characterized by a low specific energy consumption, reliability and simplicity in operation, small size, small dimensions and environmental friendliness.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung beispielsweise erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Kühler in Form eines Wärmerohres gemäß der Erfindung im Längsschnitt,
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt nach der Linie II-II der Fig. 1, und
  • Fig. 3 eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform eines Kühlers gemäß der Erfindung im Längsschnitt.
The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing, for example. Show it:
  • 1 shows a cooler in the form of a heat pipe according to the invention in longitudinal section,
  • Fig. 2 shows a section along the line II-II of Fig. 1, and
  • Fig. 3 shows a modified embodiment of a cooler according to the invention in longitudinal section.

Der Kühler (Fig. 1, 2) ist in Form eines axialen Wärmerohres 1 mit einer Verdampfungs- und einer Kondensationszone 2 bzw. 3 ausgebildet. An der Oberfläche der Kondensationszone 3 sind rechteckige Querrippen 4 vorgesehen. Der Kühler hat einen Mantel 5, der für die Zufuhr eines Gasstromes (beispielsweise eines Luftstromes) von der einen der Seiten offen ist. Im Mantel 5 sind die genannten Rippen 4 so angeordnet, daß ihre Stirnseiten mit der Wand des Mantels 5 auf der der Luftstromzufuhrseite gegenüberliegenden Seite einen Hohlraum A für die Luftstromumkehr bilden. Die benachbarten Rippen 4 sind auf der Luftzufuhrseite zu Paaren 6 unter Bildung von Kanälen 7 zwischen jedem Paar und von Kanälen 8 innerhalb jedes Paares hermetisch verbunden.The cooler (Fig. 1, 2) is in the form of an axial heat pipe 1 with an evaporation and a condensation zone 2 and 3, respectively. Rectangular transverse ribs 4 are provided on the surface of the condensation zone 3. The cooler has a jacket 5 which is open for the supply of a gas stream (for example an air stream) from one of the sides. In the jacket 5, the said ribs 4 are arranged such that their end faces form a cavity A for the airflow reversal with the wall of the jacket 5 on the side opposite the air flow supply side. The adjacent fins 4 are hermetically connected to pairs 6 on the air supply side to form channels 7 between each pair and channels 8 within each pair.

Die Wände der Innenkanäle 8 haben einen Überzug 9 mit Kapillaren und Poren, der nach einem beliebigen Verfahren unmittelbar auf den Rippen 4 hergestellt oder in einem bekannten Verfahren auf diese aufgetragen und befestigt ist. Die Enden des Überzuges 9 mit Kapillaren und Poren stehen mit einem flüssigen Medium wie Wasser 10 in Berührung, das sich in einem im Mantel 5 untergebrachten Behälter 11 befindet. Im Mantel 5 sind im Bereich der Innenkanäle 8 an der Stelle der hermetischen Verbindung der Rippen zu Paaren Öffnungen 12 für den Austritt der Abluft in die Atmosphäre vorgesehen.The walls of the inner channels 8 have a covering 9 with capillaries and pores, which is produced directly on the ribs 4 by any method or is applied and fastened to these in a known method. The ends of the coating 9 with capillaries and pores are in contact with a liquid medium such as water 10, which is located in a container 11 housed in the jacket 5. In the jacket 5, openings 12 are provided in the area of the inner channels 8 at the point of the hermetic connection of the ribs to pairs for the exit of the exhaust air into the atmosphere.

Der Kühler für Stoffe funktioniert folgendermaßen: Ein Luftstrom aus der Umgebung wird in die Kanäle 7 zwischen jedem Paar 6 der Rippen 4 zugeführt, strömt durch diese Kanäle und gelangt in den Hohlraum A, wo er umgekehrt und in die Innenkanäle 8 geleitet wird. In den Innenkanälen 8 fließt die Luft im Gegenstrom zur Luft in den Kanälen 7. Beim Umspülen des mit dem Wasser 10 aus dem Behälter 11 benetzten feuchten Überzuges 9 mit Kapillaren und Poren durch die Luft verdampft die Feuchtigkeit, wodurch die Wärme von den Rippen 4 und der berippten Außenfläche der Zone 3 des Wärmerohres abgeführt wird. Der feuchte Abluftstrom tritt über die Öffnungen 12 in die Atmosphäre aus.The cooler for fabrics works as follows: an air flow from the environment is fed into the channels 7 between each pair 6 of the fins 4, flows through these channels and enters the cavity A, where it is reversed and directed into the inner channels 8. In the inner channels 8, the air flows in countercurrent to the air in the channels 7. When the wet coating 9 with capillaries and pores, wetted with water 10 from the container 11, is evaporated through the air, the moisture evaporates, as a result of which the heat from the ribs 4 and the ribbed outer surface of zone 3 of the heat pipe is removed. The moist exhaust air flow exits into the atmosphere via the openings 12.

In einer anderen Ausführungsvariante kann der Kühler in Form eines Wärmerohres mit Längsrippen in der Kondensationszone ausgebildet werden. In diesem Fall fließen die Gasströme in den Kanälen parallel zur Wärmerohrachse.In another embodiment variant, the cooler can be designed in the form of a heat pipe with longitudinal ribs in the condensation zone. In this case, the gas flows in the channels run parallel to the heat pipe axis.

In Fig. 3 ist eine weitere Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung gezeigt, die ein koaxiales Wärmerohr darstellt. In diesem Kühler sind die Verdampfungszone 2 und die Kondensationszone 3 als koaxial angeordnete Hüllen ausgeführt, und die Wärme wird von der Verdampfungszone auf die Kondensationszone nicht axial, wie in der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1,2, sondern radial übertragen. Eine derartige konstruktive Lösung gestattet es, eine vom Standpunkt der Funktion bequem angeordnete Kühlkammer B für den zu kühlenden Stoff bei unveränderten Abmessungen des Kühlers zu schaffen. Die Konstruktionselemente und der Betrieb des Kühlers in dieser Ausführungsvariante sind ähnlich wie oben beschrieben.3 shows a further embodiment variant of the invention, which represents a coaxial heat pipe. In this cooler, the evaporation zone 2 and the condensation zone 3 are designed as coaxially arranged shells, and the heat is not transferred axially from the evaporation zone to the condensation zone, as in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, but radially. Such a constructive solution makes it possible to create a cooling chamber B, which is conveniently arranged from the point of view of the function, for the substance to be cooled with unchanged dimensions of the cooler. The construction elements and the operation of the cooler in this embodiment variant are similar to that described above.

Es ist ebenfalls eine Variante möglich, bei der der Kühler für Stoffe nicht aus einem einzigen Wärmerohr, sondern aus einem Satz von Wärmerohren besteht, bei denen die Kondensationszonen gemeinsame äußere Rippen haben, die in dem Mantel angeordnet sind.A variant is also possible in which the fabric cooler does not consist of a single heat pipe but of a set of heat pipes in which the condensation zones have common outer ribs which are arranged in the jacket.

Claims (2)

1. Heat exchange tube (1) for cooling substances with an evaporation zone (2) in which heat is extracted from the substance to be cooled, and with a condensation zone (3) which is provided with external fins (4) around which flows a gas stream, wherein the heat exchange tube has a jacket (5) which is open for supply of the gas stream on one side, characterised in that the external fins (4) are arranged in the jacket (5) in such a way that their end faces with the wall of the jacket (5) form on the other side a cavity (A) for changing the direction of the gas stream, the adjacent fins (4) on the gas supply side are hermetically connected in pairs (6), forming channels (7, 8) between each pair and within each pair, the walls of the inner channels (8) formed are provided with a coating (9) with capillaries and pores the ends of which come into contact with a liquid medium (10), and that in the jacket (5) in the region of the inner channels (8) at the point of hermetic connection of the fins (4) in pairs, openings (12) are provided for escape of the waste gas into the atmosphere.
2. Heat exchange tube according to claim 1, characterised in that a water reservoir (11) is arranged in the jacket (5).
EP87908018A 1986-11-18 1987-11-16 Heat pipe for cooling substances Expired - Lifetime EP0290627B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU864148435A RU1768914C (en) 1986-11-18 1986-11-18 Heat transfer tube
SU4148435 1986-11-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0290627A1 EP0290627A1 (en) 1988-11-17
EP0290627A4 EP0290627A4 (en) 1989-04-12
EP0290627B1 true EP0290627B1 (en) 1991-06-05

Family

ID=21268006

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87908018A Expired - Lifetime EP0290627B1 (en) 1986-11-18 1987-11-16 Heat pipe for cooling substances

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US (1) US4842052A (en)
EP (1) EP0290627B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01501413A (en)
AU (1) AU599740B2 (en)
RU (1) RU1768914C (en)
WO (1) WO1988004022A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5050391A (en) * 1991-01-18 1991-09-24 Ari-Tec Marketing, Inc. Method and apparatus for gas cooling
DE69414970T2 (en) * 1993-10-06 1999-05-27 Kansai Electric Power Co Heat pipe and gas-liquid contact device with heat exchange, with heat pipes, and plate heat exchanger with gas-liquid contact
NL1021812C1 (en) * 2002-04-26 2003-10-28 Oxycell Holding Bv Dew point cooler.
US7093452B2 (en) * 2004-03-24 2006-08-22 Acma Limited Air conditioner
US7181918B2 (en) * 2004-03-25 2007-02-27 Oxycell Holding B.V. Vehicle cooler

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1999074A (en) * 1934-07-24 1935-04-23 Eugene N Baldwin Condenser
US2218407A (en) * 1937-08-25 1940-10-15 E A Lab Inc Air conditioner
US3714981A (en) * 1971-02-03 1973-02-06 Noren Prod Inc Heat shield assembly
SU474122A1 (en) * 1973-05-07 1975-06-14 Московский Институт Электронного Машиностроения Cooling device
SU700771A1 (en) * 1976-06-01 1979-11-30 Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Тепло- И Массообмена Им. А.В.Лыкова Ан Белорусской Сср Centrigugal axial heat pipe
DE2656030A1 (en) * 1976-12-10 1978-06-15 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag HEAT EXCHANGER
DE2841051A1 (en) * 1978-09-21 1980-04-03 Daimler Benz Ag HEAT TRANSFER ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLE OF THE HEAT PIPE
SU851013A1 (en) * 1979-11-14 1981-07-30 За витель Solar heater
CA1146431A (en) * 1980-06-26 1983-05-17 Wilfred B. Sorensen Heat actuated system for circulating heat transfer liquids
FR2494419A1 (en) * 1980-11-14 1982-05-21 Charbonnier Roger Heat accumulator with unidirectional heat transfer duct - has duct transferring heat from source to tank with severed wick contained within it
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SU1121551A1 (en) * 1983-04-27 1984-10-30 Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Тепло- И Массообмена Им.А.В.Лыкова Solar heat collector
JPS6089687A (en) * 1983-10-19 1985-05-20 Fuji Electric Corp Res & Dev Ltd Annular heat pipe
JPS61113265A (en) * 1984-11-08 1986-05-31 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Cooling device for semiconductor element or the like

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0290627A1 (en) 1988-11-17
AU599740B2 (en) 1990-07-26
US4842052A (en) 1989-06-27
EP0290627A4 (en) 1989-04-12
RU1768914C (en) 1992-10-15
WO1988004022A1 (en) 1988-06-02
JPH01501413A (en) 1989-05-18
AU8334587A (en) 1988-06-16

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