EP0287422B1 - Strut grid for cross-supporting the tubes of a heat exchanger tube bundle and assembling process of such a strut grid - Google Patents

Strut grid for cross-supporting the tubes of a heat exchanger tube bundle and assembling process of such a strut grid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0287422B1
EP0287422B1 EP19880400777 EP88400777A EP0287422B1 EP 0287422 B1 EP0287422 B1 EP 0287422B1 EP 19880400777 EP19880400777 EP 19880400777 EP 88400777 A EP88400777 A EP 88400777A EP 0287422 B1 EP0287422 B1 EP 0287422B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
branches
tubes
hoops
grid
staples
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP19880400777
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0287422A1 (en
Inventor
Philippe Schutzenberger
Gérard Stalport
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Areva NP SAS
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Framatome SA
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Publication of EP0287422A1 publication Critical patent/EP0287422A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F28F9/0133—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by concentric strips

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Heat exchangers are known which are used as standby heat exchangers for cooling the primary fluid of a nuclear reactor.
  • emergency heat exchangers are provided which are used for cooling the reactor after a shutdown following an incident, in particular in the failure of the main cooling circuit.
  • Such emergency exchangers are immersed in the primary sodium filling the reactor vessel and comprise a bundle of tubes inside which secondary sodium circulates ensuring the cooling of the primary sodium by heat exchange through the wall of the tubes.
  • the secondary sodium is itself cooled outside the reactor vessel, in a sodium-air exchanger.
  • the exchanger comprises a bundle of tubes which is immersed, vertically, over part of its height, in the primary liquid sodium filling the reactor vessel.
  • the bundle tubes each have an inlet end attached to a first tubular plate and an outlet end attached to a second tubular plate.
  • the two tubular plates are arranged in the same plane and have the same vertical axis which corresponds to the vertical axis of the beam.
  • One of the plates located at the central part of the beam is circular and the other plate, located at the peripheral part, is annular.
  • the tubes consist, over most of their length, by rectilinear and parallel branches which are arranged vertically, when the bundle is in place in the nuclear reactor vessel.
  • the bundle is of substantially circular section and has an axis parallel to the rectilinear branches of the tubes passing through the center of successive straight sections of the bundle in which the tubes are distributed in a regular network.
  • spacer grids are parallel to the tubular plates and substantially reproduce the network formed by the holes for the passage of the tubes in the tubular plates.
  • Such spacer grids are constituted by circular hoops of constant height and of radius increasing towards the outside, arranged coaxially so that two successive hoops delimit an annular row of substantially constant width.
  • Elastic sheet metal devices are arranged in each of the annular rows and are fixed, on the one hand to the inner hoop and on the other hand to the outer hoop delimiting the row.
  • the elastic devices therefore ensure the assembly of the hoops constituting the spacer grid.
  • the elastic devices include housings for receiving the tubes and ensuring their transverse maintenance.
  • the elastic devices consist of a continuous metal band folded in a sinusoidal fashion and put in the form of a crown having a crenellated section providing successive housings for the tubes.
  • each of the elastic holding devices is in the form of a set of U-shaped jumpers arranged successively in an annular row, each comprising two branches providing a housing for them a tube and a common connecting part, the branches being welded at their ends to the outer hoop, in spaced zones from one another and the common part to the inner hoop.
  • the shaping by folding of the crenellated crown a priori defines the relative arrangement of the tubes in the corresponding annular row. This therefore results in a lack of flexibility as to the arrangement of the tubes in the rows, when the beam is put in place.
  • the tubes are produced and shaped so as to have a perfectly defined geometry, their positioning in the cross sections can present some difficulties if their relative arrangement is defined a priori. This is particularly so because of the very long length of the bundle tubes.
  • each spacer grid comprises an internal part intended to receive the branches of the tubes connected to the central circular tubular plate and an external part intended to receive the branches of the tubes connected to the external annular tubular plate.
  • the internal part of the spacer grids is assembled, the assembly of the external part being carried out at the time of the assembly of the tubes of the bundle which are placed successively in the annular rows of the spacer grids.
  • This mounting of the external part of the spacer grids to advancement requires being able to adapt the elastic devices for holding the tubes to the exact position of these tubes at the time of assembly.
  • the production of elastic devices in the form of a corrugated metal strip and wound in a crown does not allow this adaptation to be easily ensured.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a heat exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes having straight and parallel branches between them and a plurality of spacer grids distributed in the axial direction of the branches of the bundle tubes, so as to ensure transverse holding of the branches of the tubes in a regular network in planes perpendicular to the axial direction, each of the spacer grids being constituted by a set of circular hoops having a common axis 0 parallel to the branches of the tubes and by elastic holding devices tubes constituted by a set of U-shaped jumpers arranged successively in an annular row each comprising two branches providing between them a housing for a tube and a common connecting part, the branches being welded at their free ends to the outer hoop, following areas spaced from each other and the share ie common to the inner hoop, ensuring the connection between the hoops and maintaining the branches of the tubes in an annular row between the two successive hoops, the spacer grids of this heat exchanger can be adapted to the exact position of the bundle tubes and that
  • FIG. 1 we see a part of a spacer grid intended for an emergency heat exchanger of a fast neutron nuclear reactor, for example as described in French patent application 2,568,363.
  • This spacer grid is constituted by circular hoops of constant height and of radius increasing towards the outside arranged so as to all have for axis the axis of the heat exchanger bundle, this axis having for trace the point 0 on the plan of figure 1.
  • the hoops of the spacer grid constitute a first internal assembly formed by the six hoops 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f and a second external assembly constituted by the four hoops 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d.
  • the hoops of the first set delimit annular rows 5 intended to receive the branches of the tubes 4 connected to the central tubular plate of the bundle of circular shape.
  • the hoops of the second set delimit annular rows 5 ′ intended to receive the branches of the tubes 4 connected to the outer tubular plate of annular shape of the heat exchanger.
  • the outer hoop 1f of the first assembly and the inner hoop 2a of the second assembly are connected to each other by means of pairs of parts 6, 6 ′ delimiting between them a space of cylindrical shape and each welded on the one hand to the hoop 1f and on the other hand to hoop 2a.
  • a sheath 7 is fixed to each of the pairs of parts 6, 6 ', in the cylindrical space formed between these parts.
  • Vertical tie rods can be fixed inside the sleeves 7, to ensure the suspension of the spacer grid at the top of the heat exchanger, as described in patent application 2,568,363. Each of the tie rods is engaged in the sleeves of the different spacer grids placed according to the height of the beam.
  • each of the jumpers 8 having the general shape of a U comprises two branches 8a and 8b and a common part 8c of connection between branches 8a and 8b.
  • Each of the branches 8a and 8b is folded outwards so as to constitute a housing 10 of flared shape for a tube 4 of the bundle.
  • the interior space of the rider thus comprises a part of small width close to the common connecting part 8c and a part close to the opening of the U of greater width, this part being connected to the part of small width by two inclined parts. branches 8a and 8b produced by folding.
  • the width of the jumper opening is greater than the outside diameter of the tubes 4 of the bundle, while the smaller width inside part of the jumper has a dimension less than the diameter of the tube 4.
  • the inclined intermediate parts of the branches 8a and 8b ensure the 'support and centering of the tube 4.
  • the branches 8a and 8b of the jumper 8 have at their end corresponding to the opening of the jumper, welding tabs 9a and 9b folded 90 ° outwards.
  • the jumpers 8 are welded to the corresponding hoops 1 or 2, on the one hand by means of their common part 8c and on the other hand by means of the tabs 9a and 9b.
  • the welds are made on edge, at the lower edge and the upper edge of the corresponding hoops.
  • the weld zones extend only over a small height of the hoop, the remaining part of the contact zone between the rider and the hoops having no weld connection.
  • the inclination of the welding lugs 9a and 9b of the hoops 8 is adapted to the radius of curvature of the hoop on which these lugs are fixed.
  • the jumpers are fixed by the end of their branches on the inner surface of the outer hoop limiting the row where they are arranged and by their common part on the outer surface of the inner hoop limiting the row.
  • the spacer grids were made for an emergency heat exchanger of a fast neutron nuclear reactor cooled by liquid sodium.
  • the spacer grids are formed by stainless steel hoops whose height is 35 mm and the thickness of 1 mm.
  • the mounting of the spacer grids and of the bundle tubes can be carried out according to the method described in patent application 2,568,363.
  • the hoops 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f constituting the inner part of the spacer grid are first assembled using jumpers 8 arranged in the rows, one after the other with a substantially constant spacing. This spacing can however be adjusted as a function of the exact position of the branches of the tubes connected to the central part of the tube plate.
  • the jumpers 8 are fixed to the hoops 1, inside the annular rows 5, by TIG welds on edge, at the upper edge and at the lower edge of the corresponding hoops, that is to say by the above and below these hoops (flat and ceiling welding). This edge welding operation can be carried out quickly and without particular difficulties.
  • the outer rings 2 constituting the annular rows 5 ′ are then put in place, at the time of assembly of the bundle tubes.
  • the tubes 4, one of the branches of which is placed in a row 5 ′ of the external part of the spacer grid are placed in the internal part of the grids and in the central part of the tube plate.
  • the external part of the spacer grid is then produced during advancement.
  • the hoops 2a, 2b and 2c are formed in advance by welding the jumpers 8 on their common parts 8c.
  • the hoops thus formed are placed before threading the corresponding row of tubes.
  • the next hoop is placed by welding parts 9a and 9b of the jumpers of the previous hoop.
  • the position differences of the tubes are taken up before welding by pinching the jumpers, to ensure their correct positioning.
  • the jumpers 8 are set up very precisely and without difficulty.
  • the realization of the elastic holding devices of the tubes in the form of independent jumpers has the other advantage of reducing the tangential forces exerted by the beam on these elastic elements, these forces being transmitted directly by the branches of the jumpers to the corresponding hoops.
  • the mounting of the spacer grid can therefore be carried out quickly and without difficulty, the spacer grid being also perfectly suited to the configuration of the beam.
  • jumpers of a shape different from that which has been described from the moment when these jumpers have two branches which can be connected to the outer hoop and a common part which can be connected to the inner hoop as well as an internal space reserving a housing for a tube 4 whose jumper 8 provides transverse support preventing any movement or any vibration in service.
  • the hoops and the jumpers can be made of any metallic material compatible with the conditions of use and the fluids used in the heat exchanger.
  • a spacer grid according to the invention can be used in any heat exchanger comprising a bundle of parallel tubes arranged in coaxial annular rows.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.

On connaît des échangeurs de chaleur qui sont utilisés comme échangeurs de chaleur de secours pour le refroidissement du fluide primaire d'un réacteur nucléaire. En particulier, dans les réacteurs nucléaires à neutrons rapides de type intégré qui sont refroidis par du sodium liquide, on prévoit des échangeurs de chaleur de secours qui sont utilisés pour le refroidissement du réacteur après un arrêt consécutif à un incident, en particulier, dans le cas où le circuit principal de refroidissement est défaillant. De tels échangeurs de secours sont plongés dans le sodium primaire remplissant la cuve du réacteur et comportent un faisceau de tubes à l'intérieur desquels circule du sodium secondaire assurant le refroidissement du sodium primaire par échange thermique à travers la paroi des tubes. Le sodium secondaire est lui-même refroidi à l'extérieur de la cuve du réacteur, dans un échangeur sodium-air.Heat exchangers are known which are used as standby heat exchangers for cooling the primary fluid of a nuclear reactor. In particular, in integrated type fast neutron nuclear reactors which are cooled by liquid sodium, emergency heat exchangers are provided which are used for cooling the reactor after a shutdown following an incident, in particular in the failure of the main cooling circuit. Such emergency exchangers are immersed in the primary sodium filling the reactor vessel and comprise a bundle of tubes inside which secondary sodium circulates ensuring the cooling of the primary sodium by heat exchange through the wall of the tubes. The secondary sodium is itself cooled outside the reactor vessel, in a sodium-air exchanger.

De tels échangeurs de secours doivent pouvoir fonctionner même si les sources d'énergie associées au réacteur nucléaire, en particulier les alimentations électriques, sont devenues indisponibles.Such emergency exchangers must be able to function even if the energy sources associated with the nuclear reactor, in particular the electrical supplies, have become unavailable.

Un tel échangeur de secours a été décrit dans la demande de brevet Français no. 2.568.363 de la Société "Novatome". L'échangeur comporte un faisceau de tubes qui est plongé, à la verticale, sur une partie de sa hauteur, dans le sodium liquide primaire remplissant la cuve du réacteur. Les tubes du faisceau ont chacun une extrémité d'entrée fixée à une première plaque tubulaire et une extrémité de sortie fixée à une seconde plaque tubulaire. Les deux plaques tubulaires sont disposées dans un même plan et présentent un même axe vertical qui correspond à l'axe vertical du faisceau. L'une des plaques située à la partie centrale du faisceau est circulaire et l'autre plaque, située à la partie périphérique, est annulaire. Les tubes sont constitués, sur la plus grande partie de leur longueur, par des branches rectilignes et parallèles qui sont disposées à la verticale, lorsque le faisceau est en place dans la cuve du réacteur nucléaire. Le faisceau est à section sensiblement circulaire et comporte un axe parallèle aux branches rectilignes des tubes passant par le centre des sections droites successives du faisceau dans lesquels les tubes sont répartis suivant un réseau régulier.Such an emergency exchanger has been described in French patent application no. 2,568,363 from the "Novatome" Company. The exchanger comprises a bundle of tubes which is immersed, vertically, over part of its height, in the primary liquid sodium filling the reactor vessel. The bundle tubes each have an inlet end attached to a first tubular plate and an outlet end attached to a second tubular plate. The two tubular plates are arranged in the same plane and have the same vertical axis which corresponds to the vertical axis of the beam. One of the plates located at the central part of the beam is circular and the other plate, located at the peripheral part, is annular. The tubes consist, over most of their length, by rectilinear and parallel branches which are arranged vertically, when the bundle is in place in the nuclear reactor vessel. The bundle is of substantially circular section and has an axis parallel to the rectilinear branches of the tubes passing through the center of successive straight sections of the bundle in which the tubes are distributed in a regular network.

Pour assurer le maintien des tubes suivant ce réseau régulier dans les sections transversales du faisceau et pour absorber les forces transversales subies par les tubes dans le réacteur nucléaire en fonctionnement, on dispose des grilles entretoises de maintien transversal des tubes, ces grilles entretoises étant réparties suivant la hauteur du faisceau.To maintain the tubes along this regular network in the cross sections of the bundle and to absorb the transverse forces undergone by the tubes in the nuclear reactor in operation, there are spacer grids for transversely holding the tubes, these spacer grids being distributed according to the height of the beam.

Ces grilles entretoises sont parallèles aux plaques tubulaires et reproduisent sensiblement le réseau constitué par les trous de passage des tubes dans les plaques tubulaires.These spacer grids are parallel to the tubular plates and substantially reproduce the network formed by the holes for the passage of the tubes in the tubular plates.

Dans les demandes de brevet Français FR-A-2.568.363 et FR-A-2.420.735, on a proposé des grilles entretoises permettant de maintenir les tubes dans un réseau formé de rangées circulaires coaxiales disposées successivement les unes à la suite des autres, dans les directions axiales des sections droites du faisceau.In French patent applications FR-A-2,568,363 and FR-A-2,420,735, spacer grids have been proposed making it possible to hold the tubes in a network formed by circular coaxial rows arranged successively one after the other , in the axial directions of the straight sections of the beam.

De telles grilles entretoises sont constituées par des cerces circulaires de hauteur constante et de rayon croissant vers l'extérieur disposées coaxia- lement de façon que deux cerces successives délimitent une rangée annulaire de largeur sensiblement constante.Such spacer grids are constituted by circular hoops of constant height and of radius increasing towards the outside, arranged coaxially so that two successive hoops delimit an annular row of substantially constant width.

Des dispositifs élastiques en tôle métallique sont disposés dans chacune des rangées annulaires et sont fixés, d'une part à la cerce intérieure et d'autre part à la cerce extérieure délimitant la rangée.Elastic sheet metal devices are arranged in each of the annular rows and are fixed, on the one hand to the inner hoop and on the other hand to the outer hoop delimiting the row.

Ces dispositifs élastiques assurent donc l'assemblage des cerces constituant la grille entretoise. De plus, les dispositifs élastiques comportent des logements pour recevoir les tubes et assurer leur maintien transversal.These elastic devices therefore ensure the assembly of the hoops constituting the spacer grid. In addition, the elastic devices include housings for receiving the tubes and ensuring their transverse maintenance.

Les dispositifs élastiques sont constitués par une bande métallique continue pliée de façon sinusoïdale et mise sous la forme d'une couronne ayant une section crénelée ménageant des logements successifs pour les tubes.The elastic devices consist of a continuous metal band folded in a sinusoidal fashion and put in the form of a crown having a crenellated section providing successive housings for the tubes.

Dans le FR-A-2.420.735 en particulier, chacun des dispositifs élastiques de maintien se présente sous la forme d'un ensemble de cavaliers en forme de U disposés successivement suivant une rangée annulaire, comportant chacun deux branches ménageant entre elles un logement pour un tube et une partie commune de liaison, les branches étant soudées à leurs extrémités à la cerce extérieure, suivant des zones espacées les unes des autres et la partie commune à la cerce intérieure.In FR-A-2,420,735 in particular, each of the elastic holding devices is in the form of a set of U-shaped jumpers arranged successively in an annular row, each comprising two branches providing a housing for them a tube and a common connecting part, the branches being welded at their ends to the outer hoop, in spaced zones from one another and the common part to the inner hoop.

La mise en forme par pliage de la couronne crénelée définit a priori la disposition relative des tubes dans la rangée annulaire correspondante. Il en résulte donc un manque de souplesse quant à la disposition des tubes dans les rangées, au moment de la mise en place du faisceau. Bien que les tubes soient réalisés et mis en forme de façon à présenter une géométrie parfaitement définie, leur mise en place dans les sections transversales peut présenter quelques difficultés si leur disposition relative est définie a priori. Il en est ainsi en particulier à cause de la très grande longueur des tubes du faisceau.The shaping by folding of the crenellated crown a priori defines the relative arrangement of the tubes in the corresponding annular row. This therefore results in a lack of flexibility as to the arrangement of the tubes in the rows, when the beam is put in place. Although the tubes are produced and shaped so as to have a perfectly defined geometry, their positioning in the cross sections can present some difficulties if their relative arrangement is defined a priori. This is particularly so because of the very long length of the bundle tubes.

D'autre part, chaque grille entretoise comporte une partie interne destinée à recevoir les branches des tubes reliées à la plaque tubulaire circulaire centrale et une partie externe destinée à recevoir les branches des tubes reliées à la plaque tubulaire annulaire externe. Avant de commencer le montage des tubes, on réalise l'assemblage de la partie interne des grilles entretoises, le montage de la partie externe étant effectué au moment du montage des tubes du faisceau qui viennent se placer successivement dans les rangées annulaires des grilles entretoises. Ce montage de la partie externe des grilles entretoises à l'avancement nécessite de pouvoir adapter les dispositifs élastiques de maintien des tubes à la position exacte de ces tubes au moment du montage. La réalisation des dispositifs élastiques sous la forme d'une bande métallique ondulée et enroulée en couronne ne permet pas d'assurer facilement cette adaptation.On the other hand, each spacer grid comprises an internal part intended to receive the branches of the tubes connected to the central circular tubular plate and an external part intended to receive the branches of the tubes connected to the external annular tubular plate. Before starting the assembly of the tubes, the internal part of the spacer grids is assembled, the assembly of the external part being carried out at the time of the assembly of the tubes of the bundle which are placed successively in the annular rows of the spacer grids. This mounting of the external part of the spacer grids to advancement requires being able to adapt the elastic devices for holding the tubes to the exact position of these tubes at the time of assembly. The production of elastic devices in the form of a corrugated metal strip and wound in a crown does not allow this adaptation to be easily ensured.

En outre, les dispositifs élastiques réalisés sous la forme de couronnes crénelées sont soumis à des efforts circonférentiels transmis par les tubes, si bien que chaque dispositif élastique doit être fixé sur la cerce intérieure et sur la cerce extérieure qui limitent la rangée correspondante par des soudures occupant la totalité ou la quasi totalité des surfaces de contact entre la couronne crénelée et les cerces.In addition, the elastic devices produced in the form of crenellated crowns are subjected to circumferential forces transmitted by the tubes, so that each elastic device must be fixed on the inner hoop and on the outer hoop which limit the corresponding row by welds. occupying all or almost all of the contact surfaces between the crenellated crown and the hoops.

Il est très difficile de mettre au point un procédé de soudage approprié permettant de réaliser l'assemblage des cerces et des dispositifs élastiques constitués par des couronnes crénelées, en particulier pour le montage à l'avancement de la partie externe des grilles entretoises.It is very difficult to develop an appropriate welding process making it possible to assemble the hoops and the elastic devices constituted by crenellated crowns, in particular for mounting on the advancement of the external part of the spacer grids.

Le but de l'invention est donc de proposer un échangeur de chaleur comportant un faisceau de tubes présentant des branches rectilignes et parallèles entre elles et une pluralité de grilles-entretoises réparties suivant la direction axiale des branches des tubes du faisceau, de façon à assurer le maintien transversal des branches des tubes suivant un réseau régulier dans des plans perpendiculaires à la direction axiale, chacune des grilles-entretoises étant constituée par un ensemble de cerces circulaires ayant un axe commun 0 parallèle aux branches des tubes et par des dispositifs élastiques de maintien des tubes constitués par un ensemble de cavaliers en forme de U disposés successivement suivant une rangée annulaire comportant chacun deux branches ménageant entre elles un logement pour un tube et une partie commune de liaison, les branches étant soudées à leurs extrémités libres à la cerce extérieure, suivant des zones espacées les unes des autres et la partie commune à la cerce intérieure, assurant la liaison entre les cerces et le maintien des branches des tubes dans une rangée annulaire entre les deux cerces successives, les grilles entretoises de cet échangeur de chaleur pouvant être adaptées à la position exacte des tubes du faisceau et pouvant être montées facilement, en particulier à l'avancement.The object of the invention is therefore to propose a heat exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes having straight and parallel branches between them and a plurality of spacer grids distributed in the axial direction of the branches of the bundle tubes, so as to ensure transverse holding of the branches of the tubes in a regular network in planes perpendicular to the axial direction, each of the spacer grids being constituted by a set of circular hoops having a common axis 0 parallel to the branches of the tubes and by elastic holding devices tubes constituted by a set of U-shaped jumpers arranged successively in an annular row each comprising two branches providing between them a housing for a tube and a common connecting part, the branches being welded at their free ends to the outer hoop, following areas spaced from each other and the share ie common to the inner hoop, ensuring the connection between the hoops and maintaining the branches of the tubes in an annular row between the two successive hoops, the spacer grids of this heat exchanger can be adapted to the exact position of the bundle tubes and that can be easily mounted, especially at the advancement.

Dans ce but, les dispositifs élastiques de maintien sont réalisés de manière indépendante les uns des autres,

  • -les deux branches comportent deux parties inclinées l'une par rapport à l'autre joignant chacune deux parties sensiblement parallèles de ces branches, les parties parallèles des branches du cavalier situées vers l'extrémité libre de ces branches présentant un écartement supérieur au diamètre du tube alors que les parties parallèles des branches situées vers la partie commune du cavalier présentent un écartement inférieur au diamètre du tube,
  • -le logement des tubes comportant la partie de grande largeur des cavaliers constituant des surfaces d'appui des tubes.
For this purpose, the elastic holding devices are produced independently of each other,
  • the two branches have two parts inclined with respect to each other, each joining two substantially parallel parts of these branches, the parallel parts of the jumper's branches situated towards the free end of these branches having a spacing greater than the diameter of the tube while the parallel parts of the branches located towards the common part of the rider have a spacing less than the diameter of the tube,
  • the housing of the tubes comprising the very wide portion of the jumpers constituting the bearing surfaces of the tubes.

Afin de bien faire comprendre l'invention, on va maintenant décrire à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en se référant aux figures jointes en annexe, un mode de réalisation d'une grille entretoise suivant l'invention.In order to clearly understand the invention, we will now describe, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the attached figures, an embodiment of a spacer grid according to the invention.

La figure 1 est une vue de dessus d'une partie en forme de secteur angulaire, d'une grille entretoise selon l'invention.

  • La figure 1a est une vue à plus grande échelle du détail A de la figure 1.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'une partie de la grille entretoise.
Figure 1 is a top view of an angular sector-shaped part of a spacer grid according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1a is an enlarged view of detail A of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of part of the spacer grid.

Sur la figure 1, on voit une partie d'une grille entretoise destinée à un échangeur de chaleur de secours d'un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides, par exemple tel que décrit dans la demande de brevet Français 2.568.363.In FIG. 1, we see a part of a spacer grid intended for an emergency heat exchanger of a fast neutron nuclear reactor, for example as described in French patent application 2,568,363.

Cette grille entretoise est constituée par des cerces circulaires de hauteur constante et de rayon croissant vers l'extérieur disposées de manière à avoir toutes pour axe l'axe du faisceau de l'échangeur de chaleur, cet axe ayant pour trace le point 0 sur le plan de la figure 1.This spacer grid is constituted by circular hoops of constant height and of radius increasing towards the outside arranged so as to all have for axis the axis of the heat exchanger bundle, this axis having for trace the point 0 on the plan of figure 1.

Les cerces de la grille entretoise constituent un premier ensemble interne formé des six cerces 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f et un second ensemble externe constitué par les quatre cerces 2a, 2b, 2c et 2d.The hoops of the spacer grid constitute a first internal assembly formed by the six hoops 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f and a second external assembly constituted by the four hoops 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d.

Les cerces du premier ensemble delimitent des rangées annulaires 5 destinées à recevoir les branches des tubes 4 reliées à la plaque tubulaire centrale du faisceau de forme circulaire.The hoops of the first set delimit annular rows 5 intended to receive the branches of the tubes 4 connected to the central tubular plate of the bundle of circular shape.

Les cerces du second ensemble délimitent des rangées annulaires 5' destinées à recevoir les branches des tubes 4 reliées à la plaque tubulaire externe de forme annulaire de l'échangeur de chaleur.The hoops of the second set delimit annular rows 5 ′ intended to receive the branches of the tubes 4 connected to the outer tubular plate of annular shape of the heat exchanger.

La cerce externe 1f du premier ensemble et la cerce interne 2a du second ensemble sont reliées entre elles par l'intermédiaire de paires de pièces 6, 6' délimitant entre elles un espace de forme cylindrique et soudées chacune d'une part à la cerce 1f et d'autre part à la cerce 2a. Un fourreau 7 est fixé sur chacune des paires de pièces 6, 6', dans l'espace cylindrique ménagé entre ces pièces. Des tirants verticaux peuvent être fixés à l'intérieur des fourreaux 7, pour assurer la suspension de la grille entretoise à la partie supérieure de l'échangeur de chaleur, comme il est décrit dans la demande de brevet 2.568.363. Chacun des tirants est engagé dans les fourreaux des différentes grilles entretoises placées suivant la hauteur du faisceau.The outer hoop 1f of the first assembly and the inner hoop 2a of the second assembly are connected to each other by means of pairs of parts 6, 6 ′ delimiting between them a space of cylindrical shape and each welded on the one hand to the hoop 1f and on the other hand to hoop 2a. A sheath 7 is fixed to each of the pairs of parts 6, 6 ', in the cylindrical space formed between these parts. Vertical tie rods can be fixed inside the sleeves 7, to ensure the suspension of the spacer grid at the top of the heat exchanger, as described in patent application 2,568,363. Each of the tie rods is engaged in the sleeves of the different spacer grids placed according to the height of the beam.

En se reportant à l'ensemble des figures, on voit que les cerces successives délimitant des rangées successives de forme annulaire 5 et 5' sont reliées entre elles par des cavaliers 8 en forme de U disposés successivement les uns à la suite des autres dans la direction périphérique de la grille entretoise, c'est-à-dire suivant les rangées annulaires 5 et 5'. Chacun des cavaliers 8 ayant la forme générale d'un U comporte deux branches 8a et 8b et une partie commune 8c de liaison entre les branches 8a et 8b. Chacune des branches 8a et 8b est pliée vers l'extérieur de façon à constituer un logement 10 de forme évasée pour un tube 4 du faisceau.Referring to all of the figures, it can be seen that the successive hoops delimiting successive rows of annular shape 5 and 5 ′ are interconnected by U-shaped jumpers 8 arranged successively one after the other in the peripheral direction of the spacer grid, that is to say along the annular rows 5 and 5 '. Each of the jumpers 8 having the general shape of a U comprises two branches 8a and 8b and a common part 8c of connection between branches 8a and 8b. Each of the branches 8a and 8b is folded outwards so as to constitute a housing 10 of flared shape for a tube 4 of the bundle.

L'espace intérieur du cavalier comporte ainsi une partie de faible largeur voisine de la partie commune de liaison 8c et une partie voisine de l'ouverture du U de plus forte largeur, cette partie étant reliée à la partie de faible largeur par deux parties inclinées des branches 8a et 8b réalisées par pliage. La largeur de l'ouverture du cavalier est supérieure au diamètre extérieur des tubes 4 du faisceau alors que la partie intérieure à plus faible largeur du cavalier a une dimension inférieure au diamètre du tube 4. Les parties intermédiaires inclinées des branches 8a et 8b assurent l'appui et le centrage du tube 4. Les branches 8a et 8b du cavalier 8 comportent à leur extrémité correspondant à l'ouverture du cavalier, des pattes de soudage 9a et 9b pliées à 90° vers l'extérieur.The interior space of the rider thus comprises a part of small width close to the common connecting part 8c and a part close to the opening of the U of greater width, this part being connected to the part of small width by two inclined parts. branches 8a and 8b produced by folding. The width of the jumper opening is greater than the outside diameter of the tubes 4 of the bundle, while the smaller width inside part of the jumper has a dimension less than the diameter of the tube 4. The inclined intermediate parts of the branches 8a and 8b ensure the 'support and centering of the tube 4. The branches 8a and 8b of the jumper 8 have at their end corresponding to the opening of the jumper, welding tabs 9a and 9b folded 90 ° outwards.

Comme il est visible sur la figure 2, les cavaliers 8 sont soudés sur les cerces 1 ou 2 correspondantes, d'une part par l'intermédiaire de leur partie commune 8c et d'autre part par l'intermédiaire des pattes 9a et 9b. Les soudures sont réalisées sur chant, au niveau du bord inférieur et du bord supérieur des cerces correspondantes. Les zones de soudure ne s'étendent que sur une faible hauteur de la cerce, la partie restante de la zone de contact entre le cavalier et les cerces ne comportant pas de liaison par soudure.As can be seen in FIG. 2, the jumpers 8 are welded to the corresponding hoops 1 or 2, on the one hand by means of their common part 8c and on the other hand by means of the tabs 9a and 9b. The welds are made on edge, at the lower edge and the upper edge of the corresponding hoops. The weld zones extend only over a small height of the hoop, the remaining part of the contact zone between the rider and the hoops having no weld connection.

L'inclinaison des pattes de soudage 9a et 9b des cerces 8 est adaptée au rayon de courbure de la cerce sur laquelle sont fixées ces pattes.The inclination of the welding lugs 9a and 9b of the hoops 8 is adapted to the radius of curvature of the hoop on which these lugs are fixed.

Les cavaliers sont fixés par l'extrémité de leurs branches sur la surface intérieure de la cerce extérieure limitant la rangée où ils sont disposés et par leur partie commune sur la surface extérieure de la cerce intérieure limitant la rangée.The jumpers are fixed by the end of their branches on the inner surface of the outer hoop limiting the row where they are arranged and by their common part on the outer surface of the inner hoop limiting the row.

On a réalisé les grilles entretoises pour un échangeur de chaleur de secours d'un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides refroidi par du sodium liquide.The spacer grids were made for an emergency heat exchanger of a fast neutron nuclear reactor cooled by liquid sodium.

Les grilles entretoises sont constituées par des cerces en acier inoxydable dont la hauteur est de 35 mm et l'épaisseur de 1 mm.The spacer grids are formed by stainless steel hoops whose height is 35 mm and the thickness of 1 mm.

Ces dimensions se comparent favorablement aux dimensions des plaques entretoises selon l'art antérieur constitué par des cerces reliées par une bande métallique ondulée enroulée sous la forme d'une couronne crénelée. Dans ce cas, la hauteur des cerces était de 50 mm et leur épaisseur de 1,5 mm.These dimensions compare favorably with the dimensions of the spacer plates according to the prior art constituted by hoops connected by a corrugated metal strip wound in the form of a crenellated crown. In this case, the height of the hoops was 50 mm and their thickness 1.5 mm.

Le montage des grilles entretoises et des tubes du faisceau peut être réalisé selon le procédé décrit dans la demande de brevet 2.568.363. Les cerces 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f constituant la partie intérieure de la grille entretoise sont tout d'abord assemblées en utilisant des cavaliers 8 disposés dans les rangées, les uns à la suite des autres avec un espacement sensiblement constant. Cet espacement peut cependant être réglé en fonction de la position exacte des branches des tubes reliées à la partie centrale de la plaque tubulaire. Les cavaliers 8 sont fixés sur les cerces 1, à l'intérieur des rangées annulaires 5, par des soudures TIG sur chant, au niveau du bord supérieur et au niveau du bord inférieur des cerces correspondantes, c'est-à-dire par le dessus et par le dessous de ces cerces (soudage à plat et au plafond). Cette opération de soudage sur chant peut être réalisée rapidement et sans difficultés particulières.The mounting of the spacer grids and of the bundle tubes can be carried out according to the method described in patent application 2,568,363. The hoops 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f constituting the inner part of the spacer grid are first assembled using jumpers 8 arranged in the rows, one after the other with a substantially constant spacing. This spacing can however be adjusted as a function of the exact position of the branches of the tubes connected to the central part of the tube plate. The jumpers 8 are fixed to the hoops 1, inside the annular rows 5, by TIG welds on edge, at the upper edge and at the lower edge of the corresponding hoops, that is to say by the above and below these hoops (flat and ceiling welding). This edge welding operation can be carried out quickly and without particular difficulties.

Les cerces extérieures 2 constituant les rangées annulaires 5' sont mises ensuite en place, au moment du montage des tubes du faisceau.The outer rings 2 constituting the annular rows 5 ′ are then put in place, at the time of assembly of the bundle tubes.

Les tubes 4 dont l'une des branches vient se placer dans une rangée 5' de la partie extérieure de la grille entretoise sont mis en place dans la partie interne des grilles et dans la partie centrale de la plaque tubulaire. La partie externe de la grille entretoise est ensuite réalisée à l'avancement. Les cerces 2a, 2b et 2c sont constituées à l'avance par soudage des cavaliers 8 sur leur parties communes 8c. Les cerces ainsi constituées sont placées avant enfilage de la rangée de tubes correspondante. Lorsque la rangée est remplie, la cerce suivante est posée par soudage des parties 9a et 9b des cavaliers de la cerce précédente. Les écarts de position des tubes sont repris avant soudage par pincement des cavaliers, pour assurer leur positionnement correct. Les cavaliers 8 sont mis en place de façon très précise et sans difficulté.The tubes 4, one of the branches of which is placed in a row 5 ′ of the external part of the spacer grid are placed in the internal part of the grids and in the central part of the tube plate. The external part of the spacer grid is then produced during advancement. The hoops 2a, 2b and 2c are formed in advance by welding the jumpers 8 on their common parts 8c. The hoops thus formed are placed before threading the corresponding row of tubes. When the row is filled, the next hoop is placed by welding parts 9a and 9b of the jumpers of the previous hoop. The position differences of the tubes are taken up before welding by pinching the jumpers, to ensure their correct positioning. The jumpers 8 are set up very precisely and without difficulty.

La réalisation des dispositifs de maintien élastiques des tubes sous forme de cavaliers indépendants a d'autre part l'avantage de réduire les efforts tangentiels exercés par le faisceau sur ces éléments élastiques, ces efforts étant transmis directement par les branches des cavaliers aux cerces correspondantes.The realization of the elastic holding devices of the tubes in the form of independent jumpers has the other advantage of reducing the tangential forces exerted by the beam on these elastic elements, these forces being transmitted directly by the branches of the jumpers to the corresponding hoops.

Le montage de la grille entretoise peut donc être effectué rapidement et sans difficultés, la grille entretoise étant d'autre part parfaitement adaptée à la configuration du faisceau.The mounting of the spacer grid can therefore be carried out quickly and without difficulty, the spacer grid being also perfectly suited to the configuration of the beam.

C'est ainsi qu'on peut imaginer d'utiliser des cavaliers d'une forme différente de celle qui a été décrite, à partir du moment où ces cavaliers comportent deux branches qui peuvent être reliées à la cerce extérieure et une partie commune qui peut être reliée à la cerce intérieure ainsi qu'un espace interne réservant un logement pour un tube 4 dont le cavalier 8 assure un maintien transversal empêchant tout déplacement ou toute vibration en service.This is how we can imagine using jumpers of a shape different from that which has been described, from the moment when these jumpers have two branches which can be connected to the outer hoop and a common part which can be connected to the inner hoop as well as an internal space reserving a housing for a tube 4 whose jumper 8 provides transverse support preventing any movement or any vibration in service.

Les cerces et les cavaliers peuvent être réalisés en tout matériau métallique compatible avec les conditions d'utilisation et les fluides utilisés dans l'échangeur de chaleur.The hoops and the jumpers can be made of any metallic material compatible with the conditions of use and the fluids used in the heat exchanger.

On peut imaginer un assemblage des cerces et des cavaliers par d'autres procédés de soudage que le procédé TIG sur chant.One can imagine an assembly of the hoops and the jumpers by other welding processes than the TIG process on edge.

Enfin, une grille entretoise suivant l'invention peut être utilisée dans tout échangeur de chaleur comportant un faisceau à tubes parallèles disposés suivant des rangées annulaires coaxiales.Finally, a spacer grid according to the invention can be used in any heat exchanger comprising a bundle of parallel tubes arranged in coaxial annular rows.

Claims (5)

1. Heat exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes (4) having straight branches parallel to one another and a plurality of bracing grids distributed in the axial direction of the branches of the tubes in the bundle, so as to ensure that the branches of the tubes are held transversely in a regular network in planes perpendicular to the axial direction, each of the bracing grids consisting of a set of circular hoops (1, 2) having a common axis O parallel to the branches of the tubes (4) and resilient means (8) for holding the tubes in position, consisting of a set of U-shaped staples arranged successively in an annular row each having two branches (8a, 8b) defining between them a recess for a tube and a common connecting part (8c), the branches (8a, 8b) being welded at their free ends (9a, 9b) to the outer hoop, in zones spaced from one another, the common part (8c) being welded to the inner hoop, thereby connecting the hoops (1, 2) to each other and holding the branches of the tubes (4) in an annular row (5, 5) between the two successive hoops (1, 2), characterised in that the resilient holding means (8) are formed independently of one another,
-the two branches (8a, 8b) have two parts inclined relative to each other, each joining two substantially parallel parts of these branches (8a, 8b), the parallel parts of the branches (8a, 8b) of the staple which are situated towards the free end of these branches being at a spacing which is greater than the diameter of the tube (4), whereas the parallel parts of the branches (8a, 8b) which are situated towards the common part (8c) of the staple are at a spacing which is less than the diameter of the tube (4),
-the recess (10) for the tubes (4) comprising the wide part of the staples which constitute the bearing surfaces for the tubes (4).
2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterised in that the staples (8) are welded to the corresponding hoops (1, 2) by TIG welding on site, level with the upper and lower edges of the hoop (1, 2).
3. Heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterised in that the welding zones (11, 12) of the staples (8) to the hoops (1, 2) extend over a short height from the edges of the hoops (1, 2).
4. Heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the branches (8a, 8b) of the staples (8) comprise welding lugs (9a, 9b), folded outwardly, at their ends.
5. Process for assembling a bracing grid of a heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the bracing grid comprising a set of hoops (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f) constituting the inner part of the bracing grid and adapted to receive, in the corresponding annular rows (5) between the hoops, a first branch of each tube (4) in the bundle, and a second set of hoops (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) constituting the outer part of the bracing grid and adapted to receive, in the corresponding annular rows (5) between the hoops, a second branch of each tube in the bundle, characterised in that:
-pre-assembly of the inner part of the bracing grid is carried out by putting the hoops (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f) into position and assembling them by means of corresponding staples (8) arranged one after another at a substantially constant spacing in the rows (5) between the hoops,
-the first branches of the tubes in the bundle are put into position in the pre-assembled inner part of the bracing grid, the second branches moving into position in the annular rows (5) of the outer part of the grid,
-the hoops intended to constitute the rows (5) of the outer part of the grid are put into position, the staples (8) being fixed thereon by means of their common connecting part (8c),
-the second branches of the tubes (4) are inserted between the branches (8a, 8b) of the corresponding staples,
-and after a complete row of tubes (4) have been put into position the staples (8) and the following hoop are assembled by TIG on-site welding of the welding lugs (9a, 9b) to the next hoop.
EP19880400777 1987-04-17 1988-03-30 Strut grid for cross-supporting the tubes of a heat exchanger tube bundle and assembling process of such a strut grid Expired - Lifetime EP0287422B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8705542A FR2614094B1 (en) 1987-04-17 1987-04-17 SPACER GRID FOR CROSS-HOLDING THE TUBES OF THE BEAM OF A HEAT EXCHANGER AND METHOD OF ASSEMBLY AND USE OF SUCH A SPACER GRID
FR8705542 1987-04-17

Publications (2)

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EP0287422A1 EP0287422A1 (en) 1988-10-19
EP0287422B1 true EP0287422B1 (en) 1991-01-23

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EP19880400777 Expired - Lifetime EP0287422B1 (en) 1987-04-17 1988-03-30 Strut grid for cross-supporting the tubes of a heat exchanger tube bundle and assembling process of such a strut grid

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EP (1) EP0287422B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6446589A (en)
DE (1) DE3861615D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2614094B1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102561365A (en) * 2011-12-01 2012-07-11 成都理工大学 Sliding sand slope reinforcing device
CN111486740B (en) * 2020-04-23 2021-09-28 中国原子能科学研究院 Heat exchanger and method of assembling the same

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4192374A (en) * 1977-02-04 1980-03-11 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Heat exchangers
FR2420735A2 (en) * 1978-03-24 1979-10-19 Trepaud Georges TUBULAR BEAM HEAT EXCHANGER
CA1130786A (en) * 1979-03-19 1982-08-31 Anthony Ruhe Double plate flow distributor
JPS5811392A (en) * 1981-07-10 1983-01-22 Hitachi Ltd Supporting structure of heat transmitting pipe for heat exchanger of heat
FR2568363B1 (en) * 1984-07-26 1986-12-26 Novatome EMERGENCY HEAT EXCHANGER FOR COOLING THE PRIMARY FLUID OF A NUCLEAR REACTOR AND METHOD FOR MOUNTING SUCH A HEAT EXCHANGER

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EP0287422A1 (en) 1988-10-19
DE3861615D1 (en) 1991-02-28
JPS6446589A (en) 1989-02-21
FR2614094B1 (en) 1989-09-15
FR2614094A1 (en) 1988-10-21

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