EP0285079B1 - Clamping device to realize a tapping on a tension cable conductor and manufacture of such a tapping - Google Patents

Clamping device to realize a tapping on a tension cable conductor and manufacture of such a tapping Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0285079B1
EP0285079B1 EP88105015A EP88105015A EP0285079B1 EP 0285079 B1 EP0285079 B1 EP 0285079B1 EP 88105015 A EP88105015 A EP 88105015A EP 88105015 A EP88105015 A EP 88105015A EP 0285079 B1 EP0285079 B1 EP 0285079B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clamping device
main
tap
cable
clamp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88105015A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0285079A3 (en
EP0285079A2 (en
Inventor
Horst Lössner
Manfred Behrens
Michael Lipprandt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RXS Schrumpftechnik Garnituren GmbH
REMA Lipprandt GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
RXS Schrumpftechnik Garnituren GmbH
REMA Lipprandt GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by RXS Schrumpftechnik Garnituren GmbH, REMA Lipprandt GmbH and Co KG filed Critical RXS Schrumpftechnik Garnituren GmbH
Priority to AT88105015T priority Critical patent/ATE82649T1/en
Publication of EP0285079A2 publication Critical patent/EP0285079A2/en
Publication of EP0285079A3 publication Critical patent/EP0285079A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0285079B1 publication Critical patent/EP0285079B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/70Insulation of connections
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/30Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a screw or nut clamping member
    • H01R4/34Conductive members located under head of screw
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R9/00Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips or terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor
    • H01R9/03Connectors arranged to contact a plurality of the conductors of a multiconductor cable, e.g. tapping connections

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a clamping device for producing a branch on the main conductors of a live voltage cable with a main terminal that can be placed on the uncut main conductor, which preferably has a milling screw for penetrating the insulation of the respective main conductor and a push-on molded body for the longitudinal closure of the receiving channel and also with a branch terminal for receiving the end of a branch conductor, which contains a pressure screw for contacting, all electrical contact parts being accommodated in an insulating housing.
  • Clamping devices for connecting branch conductors to continuous main conductors are generally known.
  • there are various problems when connecting which pose considerable difficulties. So far, the potentials on the main conductors had to be switched off when producing individual feeders, since there was insufficient protection against accidental contact during assembly work.
  • Cast resin was generally used here, which was poured into the cavities and allowed to harden. Pouring out the cavities was also important for mechanical reasons, since there was a risk of the sleeve collapsing in the event of external loads on the outer sleeves, such as, for example, due to earth loads on the cables laid in the ground.
  • Cable branch terminals have recently also been proposed, the contact parts of which are embedded within cavities of a dimensionally stable plastic, so that the assembly work can also be carried out on the live conductors.
  • the disadvantage here is that with such clamping devices there are no seals against the ingress of moisture and the like.
  • the task for the present invention is to provide a clamping device for the production of a branch on voltage cables, with which the branch conductors or shield conductors can be connected without potential disconnection on the main conductors or main cores to be branched off, the subsequent sealing of the branch point and the mechanical protection against external forces must be as simple and quick to manufacture.
  • a particular advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the individual branches per main conductor can be produced under tension of the main cable, since due to the present design of the clamping devices there are no live parts that would represent a source of danger for the fitter.
  • Further advantages result from the use of shrinkable components on the clamping devices, since it is now possible to create a sealed and insulated branch point, it being possible to dispense with the previously customary filling of cavities with correspondingly mixed masses.
  • the heat-shrinkable components nestle so closely to the components underneath - here the clamping devices - that there is no longer any danger of a cavity collapse due to the influence of commercially available devices.
  • the full insulation of the clamping devices and the covering with the protective devices according to the invention provide adequate electrical protection to the outside, so that the use of fillers and insulating agents can also be omitted for this reason.
  • the basic bodies of the individual terminal parts are already made of plastic and thus enable the branch to be manufactured without voltage disconnection.
  • the use of an insulated tool is only necessary for the last contacting process, milling the insulation on the main conductor using a milling screw. All other work can be carried out without hesitation.
  • each individual branch terminal and each main terminal is surrounded and sealed with a shrinkable molded part. Finally, a common external protection in the form of a further shrinking part is then placed around the entire branch point and shrunk on in a sealing manner.
  • FIG. 1 now illustrates the clamping device 1 with which one branch can be produced per cable conductor. It is particularly advantageous that the clamping device 1 is completely electrically insulated from the outside, so that no electrical potential can occur on the outer surfaces.
  • the following main parts are necessary, the main terminal 2 for contacting the main wire 14, the branch terminal 5 for contacting the branch wire 16, the connecting rail 4 guided in the connecting web 13 between the two terminal parts and the Protective devices against environmental influences.
  • the main terminal 2 is, for example, approximately C-shaped in the base body, that is to say it has a lateral opening 6 through which the main conductor 14 to be contacted, but initially insulated, is inserted into the receiving channel 26 from the side.
  • This has the advantage that the base region of the receiving channel 26 is firmly connected as a counter bearing 7 to the base body of the main terminal and thus mechanically counteracts the contact pressure required when contacting.
  • This is further reinforced by an undercut end 24, which includes the counter bearing 7, of the shaped body 3 explained later, by means of which the otherwise free C-leg is prevented from being cushioned.
  • This embodiment ensures that a branch can be made without separating the main wire. However, it is usually the case that the clamping device 1 is placed onto the main conductor 14 from the side.
  • the receiving channel 26 of this main terminal 2 is one end of the busbar 4, in which the contact screw 10 is screwed.
  • spring elements 11 are advantageously introduced, for example spring washers, with which a possibly occurring drop in contact pressure due to cold material flow can be compensated.
  • the lower part of the C-shaped base part of the main terminal 2 is designed as a counter bearing 7 for the introduced main conductor 14 and in such a way that the main conductor 14 lies as well as possible in order to avoid lateral sliding when contacting.
  • a further improvement of the support in the counter bearing 7 is given in that a metallic insert, for example a sector-shaped metal plate, is inserted into this area, the radius of curvature of which, however, is greater than that of the counter-bearing 7.
  • This metal plate can expediently be provided with non-slip elevations or profiles, through which the insulated main conductor 14 is better fixed.
  • the lateral opening 6 is at least so wide that the corresponding main conductor 14 with insulation 15 can be inserted.
  • the lateral introduction of the main conductor 14-15 is particularly easy to assemble, since immediately upon introduction into the receiving channel 26 there is guidance on all sides - apart from the opening 6.
  • the lateral placement of the molded body 3 closing the opening 6 can take place completely freely and without pressure, since the main conductor 14-15 is already guided.
  • the molded part 3 is not stressed in this assembly phase and can therefore be used particularly easily, but the longitudinal joints should be as narrow as possible and, for example, be less than 2 mm.
  • the two ends of the C-shaped base part have oppositely formed lugs 8 which are bent outwards so that they each form a longitudinal undercut 9.
  • This molded body 3 can either be designed as a rigid slide-on body or as a resilient latching body. In this way, a closed enclosure is produced around the main conductor 14 in the region of the branching point, with actuation of the contact screw 10 and thus contacting the main conductor 14 not yet taking place.
  • the clamping device 1 is already fixed in the final position, that is to say the branch clamp 5 is already in its position fixed.
  • This branch terminal 5 now also consists of a tubular plastic body, in the receiving channel 17 of which the potential-conducting busbar 4 is guided. A clamping screw 12 is screwed into this busbar 4, with which the electrical contact is made to the stripped end of the branch conductor 16.
  • the receiving channel 17 is also essentially again adapted to the shape of the branch conductors 16, so that the best possible contact surfaces for pressure distribution during contacting are achieved.
  • the receiving channel 17 of the branch terminal 5 is designed as a blind hole, that is, its back is closed, so that it is sealed on this side. In addition, faulty contacts cannot be made on this side due to a branch conductor that is accidentally inserted too far.
  • the branch conductor 16 can continue to be firmly connected in the branch terminal 5 without any risk. Only after all of the branch conductors 16 to be connected to the main cable have been assembled in the manner previously described does one begin to make contact with the main conductors 14 by screwing in the contact screws 10, for example designed as milling screws, into the main terminals 2. The milling process when these contact screws 10 are screwed in each time Insulation 15 of the main conductor 14 is broken and thus the electrical contacts to the busbars 4 and thus to the branch conductors 16 are only made during these final operations.
  • FIG. 2 shows a branch point for a cable conductor, as was described in detail in FIG. 1.
  • the branch terminal 5 is firmly connected lying next to one another via the insulated connecting web 13 with the main terminal 2, so that there is a single composite body made of plastic in which the electrical parts are fully embedded.
  • the connecting web 13 is angled, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, so that the closest possible adaptation to the peripheral region of the cable to be contacted is thereby possible.
  • the main terminal 2 with the molded body 3 pushed on or snapped on is designed as a through element and the branch terminal 5 as an element closed on one side.
  • the course of the busbar 4 is shown in dashed lines, which is indicated in isolation within the base body of the terminals made of non-conductive plastic.
  • the contact screws 10 and 12 designed as Allen screws are shown.
  • the main conductor 14-15 is passed through the main terminal 2 in an insulated form, while the end of the branch conductor 16 is removed from its insulation 20 and inserted into the blind hole of the branch terminal 5.
  • the insertion areas of the clamping device 1 are provided, for example, with shrinkable elements which ensure the required sealing in the shrunk-on state.
  • a shrink tube piece 18 is applied, which, after contacting the branch conductor 16, is pushed onto the branch terminal 5 as far as it will go and finally shrunk on, the length of the shrink tube piece 18 having to be selected such that the required seal lengths , for example 2 cm, on the branch conductor and branch terminal 5.
  • This part of the clamping device 1 is thus completely sealed, since the rear of the branch clamp 5, which is designed as a blind hole, is closed.
  • a further piece of shrink tubing is placed, this piece of shrink tubing being designed as a longitudinally divided sleeve 19 which must be placed over the undivided main conductor 14-15.
  • a recess 23 is provided in the sleeve 19, which is formed either as an opening or as an incision from the closure.
  • the sleeve 19 is provided with a laterally extending longitudinal closure, not shown here, which has, for example, longitudinal flanges, over which a corresponding closure rail is slid in the manner known per se.
  • this sleeve 19, which is advantageously provided with an inner coating of a hot-melt adhesive, sits tightly on the main terminal 2 and the insulated main conductor 14-15, so that there is an overall tight seal of the clamping device 1; these entire processes could take place without switching off the potential on the main conductor 14.
  • FIG. 3 now shows how, with the aid of the clamping devices 1 according to the invention, a branch can be installed as space-saving as possible in the case of a cable consisting of four separately insulated cable conductors 14-15, for example a 1 kV voltage cable.
  • the correspondingly guided bending of the connecting web 13 between the main terminal 2 and the contact terminal 5 permits an almost circular arrangement of the four clamping devices 1 around the cable. So you just have to remove the cable sheath in the branch area and bend the separately insulated main conductors 14-15 to the extent that the main terminals 2 can be placed on the main conductors 14-15 in the manner described above.
  • two different embodiments of clamping devices 1 are used for a particularly space-saving arrangement, but they only differ in that the respective branch terminal 5 on the main terminal 2 is arranged in mirror image on the other side.
  • two different types of clamping devices 1 must be used if the branch conductors are led away in one direction wants to execute.
  • Such a branch point can also be implemented with a single type of clamping device, in which case a branch conductor is then removed between a main conductor.
  • This branch point is then slightly larger in diameter, since here a longitudinal offset of the clamping devices, as is the case with the version described above, makes little sense.
  • the design of the individual clamping devices is, apart from the mirror-image attachment of the branch terminal, completely the same.
  • FIG. 4 a completely assembled branch point with clamping devices 1 according to the invention is shown in a partial cross section.
  • a three-phase HK main cable is selected, in which branches are made on the main conductors separated from the cable sheath, but separately insulated, 14-15.
  • a shrunk sleeve 19 is used per main conductor branch, in which the branch 4-13 is made via the recess 23.
  • the branch conductor 16-20 is then sealed to the branch clamp of the clamping device by the shrunk-on shrink tube piece 18. This means that each conductor branch is individually sealed and protected.
  • the entire branch point is then surrounded by a shrink sleeve 22, known per se, and shrunk onto the cable sheath of the main cable HK in a sealing manner on one side of the branch point.
  • the sleeve 22 is designed as a branch sleeve with two exits.
  • the resulting gusset area between the main cable HK and the branch cable AK is sealed with a sealing insert 21, for example with an insert made of a plastic, sticky plastic mass.
  • the shrink sleeve 22 is advantageously provided with an inner coating made of a hot melt adhesive, as a result of which the sealing effect on the sealing surfaces can be increased.
  • This shrink sleeve 22 is also not shown here with a longitudinal closure to be able to lay them over the uncut HK main cable.
  • the entire branch point is thus surrounded on the outside with a protective device against environmental influences.
  • the branch point is provided with a support body, for example a tubular structure which can be deformed in diameter and at the ends, before the shrink sleeve is applied.
  • the shrink sleeve can then be shrunk particularly well onto this support body, the support body offering additional protection.
  • branch points it does not matter what the number of cable conductors to be branched, since each branch can be carried out on its own.
  • the execution direction of the branch conductors can be chosen arbitrarily, since the application of the clamping device is indifferent in itself. Additional variants can be produced through mirror-image modifications.
  • reference is made to the fact that an embodiment with multiple branches is also possible if, for example, a second branch terminal is attached in the opposite direction to the branch terminal previously described. An additional branching of the connecting rail is then necessary for this. This also gives the possibility of choosing the branch direction in a simple manner, since it is now irrelevant from which side the branch conductor is inserted.

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  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Processing Of Terminals (AREA)
  • Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a clamping device (1) for producing a tapping on main conductors (14) of a power cable. This clamping device (1) consists of a main clamp (2) and a tapping clamp (5), which is completely electrically insulated externally. The production of the tapping on the power cable can be carried out without switching the voltage off because of the special design. The clamping device as such, and the complete tapping point as well, are provided with protection devices, for protection against environmental influences and mechanical stresses and for electrical insulation, preferably shrinkable plastic envelopes, which are applied in a sealing manner. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Klemmvorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Abzweiges an den Hauptleitern eines unter Spannung stehenden Spannungskabels mit einer auf den ungeschnittenen Hauptleiter aufsetzbaren Hauptklemme, die zur Durchdringung der Isolation des jeweiligen Hauptleiters vorzugsweise eine Frässchraube und zum längsseitigen Verschluß des Aufnahmekanals einen aufschiebbaren Formkörper aufweist und weiterhin mit einer Abzweigklemme zur Aufnahme des Endes eines Abzweigleiters, die zur Kontaktierung eine Druckschraube enthält, wobei alle elektrischen Kontaktteile in einem Isoliergehäuse aufgenommen sind.The invention relates to a clamping device for producing a branch on the main conductors of a live voltage cable with a main terminal that can be placed on the uncut main conductor, which preferably has a milling screw for penetrating the insulation of the respective main conductor and a push-on molded body for the longitudinal closure of the receiving channel and also with a branch terminal for receiving the end of a branch conductor, which contains a pressure screw for contacting, all electrical contact parts being accommodated in an insulating housing.

Klemmvorrichtungen für das Anschließen von Abzweigleitern an durchgehenden Hauptleitern sind in allgemeiner Art bekannt. Doch ergeben sich beim Anklemmen verschiedene Probleme, die erhebliche Schwierigkeiten aufwerfen. So mußten bisher bei der Herstellung von Einzelabzweigen die Potentiale auf den Hauptleitern abgeschaltet werden, da kein ausreichender Berührungsschutz während der Montagearbeiten gegeben war. Weiterhin ergeben sich Gefahrenpunkte beim Abdichten und Ausfüllen der Hohlräume, die sich infolge der zusätzlichen Anklemmvorrichtungen bilden. Im allgemeinen wurde hier Gießharz verwendet, das man in die Hohlräume eingoß und aushärten ließ. Das Ausgießen der Hohlräume ist auch aus mechanischen Gründen wichtig gewesen, da bei äußeren Belastungen der Außenmuffen, wie zum Beispiel durch Erdlast bei den im Erdreich verlegten Kabeln, die Gefahr des Einbruchs der Muffe bestand. Weiterhin können bei mechanisch festen Muffen, wie sie zum Beispiel durch das Vergießen von Gießharzen hergestellt wurden, infolge von Kräfteeinwirkungen Brüche, Risse oder Kapillare entstehen, die schließlich zu Undichtigkeiten führen konnten. Dadurch konnte zumindest eine gewisse "Erdpotentialfühligkeit" eintreten. Außerdem sind die Arbeiten zur Herstellung des Gießharzes unangenehm und erfordern peinliche Beachtung der Vorschriften bezüglich der Verarbeitung und der Aushärtezeit.Clamping devices for connecting branch conductors to continuous main conductors are generally known. However, there are various problems when connecting, which pose considerable difficulties. So far, the potentials on the main conductors had to be switched off when producing individual feeders, since there was insufficient protection against accidental contact during assembly work. There are also danger points when sealing and filling the cavities, which are formed as a result of the additional clamping devices. Cast resin was generally used here, which was poured into the cavities and allowed to harden. Pouring out the cavities was also important for mechanical reasons, since there was a risk of the sleeve collapsing in the event of external loads on the outer sleeves, such as, for example, due to earth loads on the cables laid in the ground. Furthermore, mechanically fixed sleeves, such as those used for Example were produced by casting resin, resulting in fractures, cracks or capillaries as a result of forces, which could eventually lead to leaks. As a result, a certain "earth potential sensitivity" could occur. In addition, the work for the production of the casting resin is unpleasant and requires meticulous observance of the regulations regarding the processing and the curing time.

Neuerdings werden auch Kabelabzweig-Klemmen vorgeschlagen, deren Kontaktteile innerhalb von Hohlräumen eines formstabilen Kunststoffes eingelagert sind, so daß sich die Montagearbeiten auch bei den unter Spannung stehenden Leitern ausführen lassen. Nachteil dabei ist, daß bei derartigen Klemmvorrichtungen keine Abdichtungen gegen Eindringen von Feuchtigkeit und dergleichen vorhanden sind. Ferner ergeben sich beim Aufbringen der Klemmvorrichtungen auf eng beieinanderliegenden Kabelleitern gewisse räumliche Schwierigkeiten.Cable branch terminals have recently also been proposed, the contact parts of which are embedded within cavities of a dimensionally stable plastic, so that the assembly work can also be carried out on the live conductors. The disadvantage here is that with such clamping devices there are no seals against the ingress of moisture and the like. Furthermore, there are certain spatial difficulties when applying the clamping devices on closely spaced cable conductors.

So ergibt sich für vorliegende Erfindung die Aufgabe, eine Klemmvorrichtung für die Herstellung eines Abzweiges an Spannungskabeln zu schaffen, mit der ohne Potentialabschaltung auf den abzuzweigenden Hauptleitern bzw. Hauptadern das Anklemmen von Abzweigleitern bzw. Abzeigadern erfolgen kann, wobei die anschließende Abdichtung der Abzweigstelle und der mechanische Schutz gegenüber äußeren Krafteinwirkungen möglichst einfach und schnell herzustellen sein muß. Die gestellte Aufgabe wird nun mit Hilfe einer Klemmvorrichtung der eingangs beschriebenen Art nach den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.Thus, the task for the present invention is to provide a clamping device for the production of a branch on voltage cables, with which the branch conductors or shield conductors can be connected without potential disconnection on the main conductors or main cores to be branched off, the subsequent sealing of the branch point and the mechanical protection against external forces must be as simple and quick to manufacture. The stated object is now achieved with the aid of a clamping device of the type described in the introduction according to the features of patent claim 1.

Weiterhin ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zu finden, nach dem die Erstellung eines Abzweiges mit erfindungsgemäßen Klemmvorrichtungen der oben beschriebenen Art ohne Potentialabschaltung auf den Hauptleitern ermöglicht wird, wobei am Ende eine nach außen dichte Abzweigstelle vorliegen muß. Diese Aufgabe wird nun mit einem Verfahren nach den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 21 gelöst.Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to find a method according to which the creation of a branch with clamping devices according to the invention of the type described above is made possible without potential disconnection on the main conductors, at the end of which there must be an externally sealed branch point. This object is now achieved with a method according to the features of claim 21.

Ein besonderer Vorteil der Erfindung liegt nun darin, daß die Einzelabzweige pro Hauptleiter unter Spannung des Hauptkabels hergestellt werden können, da es aufgrund der vorliegenden Ausführung der Klemmvorrichtungen keine spannungsführenden Teile nach außen gibt, die eine Gefahrenquelle für den Monteur darstellen würden. Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich durch die Verwendung von schrumpffähigen Bauteilen an den Klemmvorrichtungen, da es nun möglich ist, eine dichte und isolierte Abzweigstelle zu schaffen, wobei man auf die bisher üblichen Ausfüllungen von Hohlräumen mit entsprechend zusammengemischten Massen verzichten kann. Die schrumpffähigen Bauteile schmiegen sich bei Wärmeeinwirkung mittels der handelsüblichen Geräte so eng an die darunter befindlichen Bauteile - hier die Klemmvorrichtungen - an, daß keine Gefahr für einen Hohlraumeinbruch mehr gegeben ist. Außerdem ergeben sich dabei ausgezeichnete Abdichtungen gegenüber Umwelteinflüssen. Umständliche Mischungen und Einfüllvorgänge für die bisher üblichen Einfüllmittel sind damit ebenfalls überflüssig geworden.A particular advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the individual branches per main conductor can be produced under tension of the main cable, since due to the present design of the clamping devices there are no live parts that would represent a source of danger for the fitter. Further advantages result from the use of shrinkable components on the clamping devices, since it is now possible to create a sealed and insulated branch point, it being possible to dispense with the previously customary filling of cavities with correspondingly mixed masses. The heat-shrinkable components nestle so closely to the components underneath - here the clamping devices - that there is no longer any danger of a cavity collapse due to the influence of commercially available devices. In addition, there are excellent seals against environmental influences. Cumbersome blending and filling processes for the usual fillers have also become superfluous.

Weiterhin ist durch die Vollisolation der Klemmvorrichtungen und durch die Umhüllung mit den Schutzvorrichtungen gemäß der Erfindung ein ausreichender elektrischer Schutz nach außen gegeben, so daß auch aus diesem Grunde die Verwendung von Füll-und Isoliermitteln entfallen kann. Die Grundkörper der einzelnen Klemmenteile sind bereits aus Kunststoff und ermöglichen dadurch die Herstellung des Abzweiges ohne Spannungsabschaltung. Lediglich bei dem letzten Kontaktierungsvorgang, dem Einfräsen der Isolierung auf dem Hauptleiter mittels einer Frässchraube ist die Verwendung eines isolierten Werkzeuges nötig. Alle anderen Arbeiten können bedenkenlos durchgeführt werden. Im Verlauf der Montagearbeiten wird jede einzelne Abzweigklemme und jede Hauptklemme mit einem schrumpfbaren Formteil umgeben und abgedichtet. Schließlich wird dann ein gemeinsamer Außenschutz in Form eines weiteren Schrumpfteiles um die gesamte Abzweigstelle herumgelegt und dichtend aufgeschrumpft.Furthermore, the full insulation of the clamping devices and the covering with the protective devices according to the invention provide adequate electrical protection to the outside, so that the use of fillers and insulating agents can also be omitted for this reason. The basic bodies of the individual terminal parts are already made of plastic and thus enable the branch to be manufactured without voltage disconnection. The use of an insulated tool is only necessary for the last contacting process, milling the insulation on the main conductor using a milling screw. All other work can be carried out without hesitation. In the course of the assembly work, each individual branch terminal and each main terminal is surrounded and sealed with a shrinkable molded part. Finally, a common external protection in the form of a further shrinking part is then placed around the entire branch point and shrunk on in a sealing manner.

Die Erfindung wird nun an einem Ausführungsbeispiel in vier Figuren näher beschrieben.

Figur 1
zeigt die Klemmvorrichtung für einen Leiterabzweig in einem in Figur 2 angedeuteten Schnitt, wobei die Umhüllungen nicht dargestellt sind.
Figur 2
zeigt den fertig montierten Zustand eines einzelnen Abzweiges, der mit Hilfe der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiele hergestellt wurde.
Figur 3
verdeutlicht eine Abzweigstelle an einem vierphasigen Kabel, wobei die Abzweige mit den erfindungsgemäßen Klemmvorrichtungen hergestellt wurden.
Figur 4
gibt schließlich einen Überblick über eine komplett montierte und bereits wieder abgedichtete Abzweigstelle an einem dreiphasigen Kabel.
The invention will now be described in more detail using an exemplary embodiment in four figures.
Figure 1
shows the clamping device for a conductor branch in a section indicated in Figure 2, the envelopes are not shown.
Figure 2
shows the fully assembled state of a single branch, which was produced with the help of the embodiments of the invention.
Figure 3
illustrates a branch point on a four-phase cable, the branches were produced with the clamping devices according to the invention.
Figure 4
finally gives an overview of a completely assembled and already sealed branch point on a three-phase cable.

Die Figur 1 veranschaulicht nun die Klemmvorrichtung 1, mit der pro Kabelleiter ein Abzweig hergestellt werden kann. Dabei ist von besonderem Vorteil, daß die Klemmvorrichtung 1 nach außen hin elektrisch völlig isoliert ist, so daß kein elektrisches Potential an den äußeren Oberflächen auftreten kann.FIG. 1 now illustrates the clamping device 1 with which one branch can be produced per cable conductor. It is particularly advantageous that the clamping device 1 is completely electrically insulated from the outside, so that no electrical potential can occur on the outer surfaces.

Selbst die Schrauben zur Herstellung des elektrischen Kontaktes mit dem Kabel sind soweit versenkt, daß Berührungsschutz gegeben ist. Dies ist als besonderer Vorteil zu sehen; denn nun kann mit einer Klemmvorrichtung 1 gemäß der Erfindung ein Abzweig im Potential führenden Zustand des Hauptkabels hergestellt werden. Da im allgemeinen jedoch die Kontakt machenden Schrauben elektrisch leitend und auch im Schraubteil nicht isoliert sind, verwendet man für die Herstellung des Kontaktes in der Hauptklemme 2 des Abzweiges im angeschalteten Zustand ein isoliertes Werkzeug, wobei zweckmäßigerweise dieses Werkzeug auch zusätzlich mit einer Drehmomentenbegrenzung ausgerüstet ist, so daß der jeweils zu klemmende Hauptleiter nicht beschädigt werden kann. Die Potential führenden Teile, das sind die Kontaktschrauben 10, 12 und die Verbindungsschiene 4, sind innerhalb der aus druckfestem Kunststoff - vorzugsweise faserverstärktem Kunststoff - bestehenden Formteile völlig eingebettet. Für die Herstellung des Abzweiges mit einer Klemmvorrichtung 1 gemäß der Erfindung sind folgende Hauptteile nötig, die Hauptklemme 2 für das Kontaktieren der Hauptader 14, die Abzweigklemme 5 für das Kontaktieren der Abzweigader 16, die im Verbindungssteg 13 geführte Verbindungsschiene 4 zwischen den beiden Klemmenteilen und die Schutzvorrichtungen gegen Umwelteinflüsse.Even the screws for making the electrical contact with the cable are recessed to the extent that protection against accidental contact is provided. This can be seen as a particular advantage; because now with a clamping device 1 according to the invention a branch can be produced in the potential-carrying state of the main cable. However, since the contact-making screws are generally electrically conductive and also not insulated in the screw part, an insulated tool is used to produce the contact in the main terminal 2 of the branch when switched on, this tool also expediently being additionally equipped with a torque limiter, so that the main conductor to be clamped cannot be damaged. The potential leading parts are the contact screws 10, 12 and the connecting rail 4 are completely embedded within the molded parts made of pressure-resistant plastic, preferably fiber-reinforced plastic. For the production of the branch with a clamping device 1 according to the invention the following main parts are necessary, the main terminal 2 for contacting the main wire 14, the branch terminal 5 for contacting the branch wire 16, the connecting rail 4 guided in the connecting web 13 between the two terminal parts and the Protective devices against environmental influences.

Die Hauptklemme 2 ist im Grundkörper z.B. von etwa C-förmiger Gestalt, das heißt sie besitzt eine seitliche Öffnung 6, durch die der zu kontaktierende, zunächst aber isolierte Hauptleiter 14 von der Seite her in den Aufnahmekanal 26 eingeführt wird. Dadurch ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß der Grundbereich des Aufnahmekanals 26 als Gegenlager 7 fest mit dem Grundkörper der Hauptklemme verbunden ist und damit dem beim Kontaktieren erforderlichen Kontaktdruck mechanisch gut entgegenwirkt. Dies wird noch verstärkt durch ein das Gegenlager 7 umfassendes hinterschnittenes Ende 24, des später erläuterten Formkörpers 3, durch das ein Abfedern des sonst freien C-Schenkels verhindert wird. Durch diese Ausführungsform ist gewährleistet, daß ein Abzweig ohne Auftrennung der Hauptader erfolgen kann. Meist ist es jedoch so, daß die Klemmvorrichtung 1 von der Seite her auf den Hauptleiter 14 aufgesetzt wird. Im inneren, oberen Teil des Aufnahmekanals 26 dieser Hauptklemme 2 befindet sich das eine Ende der Stromschiene 4, in welcher die Kontaktschraube 10 eingedreht ist. Zwischen dem oberen Schenkel des C-förmigen Grundkörpers der Hauptklemme 2 und dem Ende der Stromschiene 4 sind vorteilhafterweise Federelemente 11 eingebracht, zum Beispiel Federscheiben, mit denen ein eventuell später auftretender Kontaktdruckabfall infolge von Materialkaltfluß ausgeglichen werden kann. Der untere Teil des C-förmigen Grundteiles der Hauptklemme 2 ist als Gegenlager 7 für den eingeführten Hauptleiter 14 ausgebildet und zwar so, daß der Hauptleiter 14 möglichst gut anliegt, um ein seitliches Abgleiten beim Kontaktieren zu vermeiden. Eine weitere Verbesserung der Auflage im Gegenlager 7 ist dadurch gegeben, daß in diesem Bereich eine metallische Einlage, zum Beispiel ein sektorförmig gestaltetes Metallplättchen, eingelegt wird, dessen Krümmungsradius jedoch größer ist als der des Gegenlagers 7. Dadurch ergibt sich eine Federwirkung, die die Wirkungsweise der im oberen Bereich eingelegten Federelemente unterstützt. Dieses Metallplättchen kann zweckmäßigerweise mit griffigen Erhebungen bzw. Profilierungen versehen sein, durch die der isolierte Hauptleiter 14 besser fixiert wird. Die seitliche Öffnung 6 ist mindestens so weit, daß der entsprechende Hauptleiter 14 mit Isolation 15 eingeführt werden kann. Die seitliche Einführung des Hauptleiters 14-15 ist besonders montagefreundlich, da sofort bei der Einführung in den Aufnahmekanal 26 eine - von der Öffnung 6 abgesehen - allseitige Führung gegeben ist. Das seitliche Aufsetzen des die Öffnung 6 abschließenden Formkörpers 3 kann völlig frei und ohne Druck erfolgen, da der Hauptleiter 14-15 bereits geführt ist. Das Formteil 3 wird in dieser Montagephase nicht belastet und läßt sich deshalb besonders leicht einsetzen, doch sollen die Längsfugen möglichst eng sein und beispielsweise geringer als 2 mm betragen. Die beiden Enden des C-förmigen Grundteils besitzen gegenläufig ausgebildete Ansätze 8, die nach auswärts so abgebogen sind, daß sie jeweils eine längs verlaufenden Hinterschneidung 9 bilden. Über diese seitliche Öffnung 6 wird nach Einführung des Hauptleiters 14-15 in den Aufnahmekanal 26 ein längsgestreckter, den Konturen des C-förmigen Grundkörpers angepaßter Formkörper 3 geschoben, wobei dieser Formkörper 3 den Ansätzen 8 angepaßte hinterschnittene Enden 24 aufweist, welche die Ansätze 8 bis in die durch die Hinterschneidungen 9 gebildete Nut umgreifen. Dieser Formkörper 3 kann entweder als starrer Aufschiebekörper oder auch als federnder Einrastkörper ausgebildet sein. Auf diese Weise wird um den Hauptleiter 14 herum im Bereich der Abzweigstelle eine geschlossene Umfassung hergestellt, wobei bisher eine Betätigung der Kontaktschraube 10 und damit eine Kontaktierung des Hauptleiters 14 noch nicht erfolgt ist. Die Klemmvorrichtung 1 ist jedoch in diesem Montagezustand bereits in der endgültigen Lage fixiert, das heißt auch die Abzweigklemme 5 ist bereits in ihrer Position festgelegt. Diese Abzweigklemme 5 besteht nun ebenfalls aus einem rohrförmigen Kunststoffkörper, in dessen Aufnahmekanal 17 die später Potential führende Stromschiene 4 geführt ist. In dieser Stromschiene 4 ist eine Klemmschraube 12 eingedreht, mit der zum abisolierten Ende des Abzweigleiters 16 der elektrische Kontakt hergestellt wird. Da man hier im Gegensatz zum durchgehenden Hauptleiter 14 ein Leiterende hat, kann man hier ohne weiteres dieses freie Ende abisolieren. Auf diese Weise braucht man hier nur eine normale Klemmschraube, während man für die später auszuführende Kontaktierung des Hauptleiters 14 vorzugsweise eine Frässchraube 10 vorsehen muß, mit der der elektrische Kontakt durch die Leiterisolation hindurch hergestellt wird. Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Aufnahmekanal 17 im wesentlichen ebenfalls wieder der Form der Abzweigleiter 16 angepaßt, damit möglichst gute Anlageflächen für die Druckverteilung bei der Kontaktierung erreicht werden. Weiterhin ist der Aufnahmekanal 17 der Abzweigklemme 5 als Sackloch ausgebildet, das heißt, ihre Rückseite ist geschlossen, so daß sie an dieser Seite dicht ist. Außerdem kann auf dieser Seite keine fehlerhafte Kontaktierung durch einen versehentlich zu weit eingesteckten Abzweigleiter erfolgen. Da bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt kein elektrischer Kontakt an dem Hauptleiter 14 hergestellt ist, kann weiterhin ohne Gefahr der Abzweigleiter 16 in der Abzweigklemme 5 fest angeschlossen werden. Erst nach abgeschlossener Montage aller am Hauptkabel anzuschließenden Abzweigleiter 16 nach der bisher oben beschriebenen Art, beginnt man mit der Kontaktierung der Hauptleiter 14 durch Eindrehen der z.B. als Frässchrauben ausgebildeten Kontaktschrauben 10 in den Hauptklemmen 2. Durch den Fräsvorgang beim Eindrehen dieser Kontaktschrauben 10 wird jeweils die Isolation 15 der Hauptleiter 14 durchbrochen und somit werden erst bei diesen abschließenden Vorgängen die elektrischen Kontakte zu den Stromschienen 4 und damit zu den Abzweigleitern 16 hergestellt.The main terminal 2 is, for example, approximately C-shaped in the base body, that is to say it has a lateral opening 6 through which the main conductor 14 to be contacted, but initially insulated, is inserted into the receiving channel 26 from the side. This has the advantage that the base region of the receiving channel 26 is firmly connected as a counter bearing 7 to the base body of the main terminal and thus mechanically counteracts the contact pressure required when contacting. This is further reinforced by an undercut end 24, which includes the counter bearing 7, of the shaped body 3 explained later, by means of which the otherwise free C-leg is prevented from being cushioned. This embodiment ensures that a branch can be made without separating the main wire. However, it is usually the case that the clamping device 1 is placed onto the main conductor 14 from the side. In the inner, upper part of the receiving channel 26 of this main terminal 2 is one end of the busbar 4, in which the contact screw 10 is screwed. Between the upper leg of the C-shaped main body of the main terminal 2 and the end of the busbar 4, spring elements 11 are advantageously introduced, for example spring washers, with which a possibly occurring drop in contact pressure due to cold material flow can be compensated. The lower part of the C-shaped base part of the main terminal 2 is designed as a counter bearing 7 for the introduced main conductor 14 and in such a way that the main conductor 14 lies as well as possible in order to avoid lateral sliding when contacting. A further improvement of the support in the counter bearing 7 is given in that a metallic insert, for example a sector-shaped metal plate, is inserted into this area, the radius of curvature of which, however, is greater than that of the counter-bearing 7. This results in a spring action which supports the mode of action of the spring elements inserted in the upper area. This metal plate can expediently be provided with non-slip elevations or profiles, through which the insulated main conductor 14 is better fixed. The lateral opening 6 is at least so wide that the corresponding main conductor 14 with insulation 15 can be inserted. The lateral introduction of the main conductor 14-15 is particularly easy to assemble, since immediately upon introduction into the receiving channel 26 there is guidance on all sides - apart from the opening 6. The lateral placement of the molded body 3 closing the opening 6 can take place completely freely and without pressure, since the main conductor 14-15 is already guided. The molded part 3 is not stressed in this assembly phase and can therefore be used particularly easily, but the longitudinal joints should be as narrow as possible and, for example, be less than 2 mm. The two ends of the C-shaped base part have oppositely formed lugs 8 which are bent outwards so that they each form a longitudinal undercut 9. After insertion of the main conductor 14-15 into the receiving channel 26, an elongated shaped body 3 adapted to the contours of the C-shaped basic body 3 is pushed over this lateral opening 6, this shaped body 3 having undercut ends 24 adapted to the approaches 8, which approaches 8 to reach into the groove formed by the undercuts 9. This molded body 3 can either be designed as a rigid slide-on body or as a resilient latching body. In this way, a closed enclosure is produced around the main conductor 14 in the region of the branching point, with actuation of the contact screw 10 and thus contacting the main conductor 14 not yet taking place. In this assembled state, however, the clamping device 1 is already fixed in the final position, that is to say the branch clamp 5 is already in its position fixed. This branch terminal 5 now also consists of a tubular plastic body, in the receiving channel 17 of which the potential-conducting busbar 4 is guided. A clamping screw 12 is screwed into this busbar 4, with which the electrical contact is made to the stripped end of the branch conductor 16. Since here, in contrast to the continuous main conductor 14, one end of the conductor can be stripped of this free end without further ado. In this way, you only need a normal clamping screw, while preferably a milling screw 10 must be provided for the contacting of the main conductor 14 to be carried out later, with which the electrical contact is made through the conductor insulation. Expediently, the receiving channel 17 is also essentially again adapted to the shape of the branch conductors 16, so that the best possible contact surfaces for pressure distribution during contacting are achieved. Furthermore, the receiving channel 17 of the branch terminal 5 is designed as a blind hole, that is, its back is closed, so that it is sealed on this side. In addition, faulty contacts cannot be made on this side due to a branch conductor that is accidentally inserted too far. Since no electrical contact has been made on the main conductor 14 up to this point, the branch conductor 16 can continue to be firmly connected in the branch terminal 5 without any risk. Only after all of the branch conductors 16 to be connected to the main cable have been assembled in the manner previously described does one begin to make contact with the main conductors 14 by screwing in the contact screws 10, for example designed as milling screws, into the main terminals 2. The milling process when these contact screws 10 are screwed in each time Insulation 15 of the main conductor 14 is broken and thus the electrical contacts to the busbars 4 and thus to the branch conductors 16 are only made during these final operations.

In Figur 2 ist eine Abzweigstelle für einen Kabelleiter dargestellt, wie sie in Figur 1 im Detail beschrieben wurde. Hier wird in einer Draufsicht die Längsausdehnung der Klemmvorrichtung 1 deutlich und es geht daraus hervor, daß die Abzweigklemme 5 über den isolierten Verbindungssteg 13 mit der Hauptklemme 2 nebeneinander liegend fest verbunden ist, so daß sich ein einziger Verbundkörper aus Kunststoff ergibt, in dem die elektrischen Teile voll eingebettet sind. Dabei ist der Verbindungssteg 13 zum Beispiel abgewinkelt, wie die Figur 1 zeigt, so daß dadurch eine möglichst enge Anpassung am Umfangsbereich des zu kontaktierenden Kabels möglich wird. Die Hauptklemme 2 mit dem seitlich aufgeschobenen oder aufgerasteten Formkörper 3 ist als Durchgangselement und die Abzweigklemme 5 als einseitig geschlossenes Element ausgebildet. In gestrichelter Art ist der Verlauf der Stromschiene 4 dargestellt, die isoliert innerhalb der aus nichtleitendem Kunststoff bestehenden Grundkörper der Klemmen angedeutet ist. Außerdem sind die als Imbusschrauben ausgebildeten Kontaktschrauben 10 und 12 eingezeichnet. Der Hauptleiter 14-15 wird in isolierter Form durch die Hauptklemme 2 hindurchgeführt, während das Ende des Abzweigleiters 16 von seiner Isolation 20 befreit in das Sackloch der Abzweigklemme 5 eingeführt wird. Zur Abdichtung nach außen als Schutzvorrichtung gegen Umwelteinflüsse, wie Feuchtigkeit und dergleichen, werden die Einführungsbereiche der Klemmvorrichtung 1 z.B. mit schrumpfbaren Elementen versehen, die im aufgeschrumpften Zustand die erforderliche Abdichtung gewährleisten. So wird beispielsweise vor der Einführung des abisolierten Abzweigleiters 16 ein Schrumpfschlauchstück 18 aufgebracht, das nach der Kontaktierung des Abzweigleiters 16 auf die Abzweigklemme 5 bis zum Anschlag aufgeschoben und schließlich aufgeschrumpft wird, wobei die Länge des Schrumpfschlauchstückes 18 so gewählt sein muß, daß die erforderlichen Dichtungslängen, z.B. 2 cm, auf dem Abzweigleiter und der Abzweigklemme 5 eingehalten werden. Damit ist dieser Teil der Klemmvorrichtung 1 völlig abgedichtet, da die Rückseite der als Sackloch ausgebildeten Abzweigklemme 5 abgeschlossen ist. Nun wird nach der Kontaktierung des Hauptleiters 14 über die Hauptklemme 2 als Schutzvorrichtung ein weiteres Schrumpfschlauchstück gesetzt, wobei dieses Schrumpfschlauchstück als längsgeteilte Manschette 19 ausgebildet ist, die über dem ungeteilten Hauptleiter 14-15 angelegt werden muß. Für den Verbindungssteg 13 zwischen der Hauptklemme 2 und der Abzweigklemme 5 ist in der Manschette 19 eine Aussparung 23 vorgesehen, die entweder als Öffnung oder als Einschnitt vom Verschluß her ausgebildet ist. Die Manschette 19 ist mit einem seitlich verlaufenden, hier nicht dargestellten Längsverschluß versehen, der zum Beispiel längsverlaufende Flansche aufweist, über die eine entsprechende Verschlußschiene in der an sich bekannten Weise aufgeschoben wird. Nach dem Schrumpfvorgang sitzt diese Manschette 19, die vorteilhafterweise mit einer Innenbeschichtung aus einem Schmelzkleber versehen ist, dicht auf der Hauptklemme 2 und des isoliert eingeführten Hauptleiters 14-15 auf, so daß sich insgesamt ein dichter Abschluß der Klemmvorrichtung 1 ergibt; wobei diese ganzen Vorgänge ohne Abschaltung des Potentials auf dem Hauptleiter 14 erfolgen konnten.FIG. 2 shows a branch point for a cable conductor, as was described in detail in FIG. 1. Here is a top view of the longitudinal extent of the clamping device 1 clearly and it can be seen from this that the branch terminal 5 is firmly connected lying next to one another via the insulated connecting web 13 with the main terminal 2, so that there is a single composite body made of plastic in which the electrical parts are fully embedded. In this case, the connecting web 13 is angled, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, so that the closest possible adaptation to the peripheral region of the cable to be contacted is thereby possible. The main terminal 2 with the molded body 3 pushed on or snapped on is designed as a through element and the branch terminal 5 as an element closed on one side. The course of the busbar 4 is shown in dashed lines, which is indicated in isolation within the base body of the terminals made of non-conductive plastic. In addition, the contact screws 10 and 12 designed as Allen screws are shown. The main conductor 14-15 is passed through the main terminal 2 in an insulated form, while the end of the branch conductor 16 is removed from its insulation 20 and inserted into the blind hole of the branch terminal 5. For sealing off to the outside as a protective device against environmental influences, such as moisture and the like, the insertion areas of the clamping device 1 are provided, for example, with shrinkable elements which ensure the required sealing in the shrunk-on state. For example, before the stripped branch conductor 16 is inserted, a shrink tube piece 18 is applied, which, after contacting the branch conductor 16, is pushed onto the branch terminal 5 as far as it will go and finally shrunk on, the length of the shrink tube piece 18 having to be selected such that the required seal lengths , for example 2 cm, on the branch conductor and branch terminal 5. This part of the clamping device 1 is thus completely sealed, since the rear of the branch clamp 5, which is designed as a blind hole, is closed. Now, after contacting the main conductor 14 via the main terminal 2 as a protective device, a further piece of shrink tubing is placed, this piece of shrink tubing being designed as a longitudinally divided sleeve 19 which must be placed over the undivided main conductor 14-15. For the Connecting web 13 between the main terminal 2 and the branch terminal 5, a recess 23 is provided in the sleeve 19, which is formed either as an opening or as an incision from the closure. The sleeve 19 is provided with a laterally extending longitudinal closure, not shown here, which has, for example, longitudinal flanges, over which a corresponding closure rail is slid in the manner known per se. After the shrinking process, this sleeve 19, which is advantageously provided with an inner coating of a hot-melt adhesive, sits tightly on the main terminal 2 and the insulated main conductor 14-15, so that there is an overall tight seal of the clamping device 1; these entire processes could take place without switching off the potential on the main conductor 14.

Die Figur 3 zeigt nun, wie man mit Hilfe der Klemmvorrichtungen 1 gemäß der Erfindung bei einem aus vier separat isolierten Kabelleitern 14-15 bestehenden Kabel, z.B. einem 1 kV-Spannungskabel, einen Abzweig möglichst platzsparend anbringen kann. Die entsprechend geführte Abwinkelung des Verbindungssteges 13 zwischen der Hauptklemme 2 und der Kontaktklemme 5 erlaubt eine beinahe kreisförmige Anordnung der vier Klemmvorrichtungen 1 um das Kabel herum. Man muß also nur den Kabelmantel im Abzweigbereich entfernen und die separat isolierten Hauptleiter 14-15 soweit aufbiegen, daß die Hauptklemmen 2 in der oben beschriebenen Weise auf die Hauptleiter 14-15 aufgesetzt werden können. Bei der hier gezeigten Version sind für eine besonders platzsparende Anordnung zwei verschiedene Ausführungsformen von Klemmvorrichtungen 1 eingesetzt, die sich allerdings nur darin unterscheiden, daß die jeweilige Abzweigklemme 5 an der Hauptklemme 2 spiegelbildlich auf der anderen Seite angeordnet ist. Dadurch erhält man für die Abführung der Abzweigleiter 16 eine relativ günstige Ausführung, da jeweils zwei Abzweigleiter eng beinander liegend abgeführt werden können. Für den Vorteil der Platzersparnis ist allerdings in Kauf zu nehmen, daß zwei verschiedene Typen von Klemmvorrichtungen 1 verwendet werden müssen, wenn man die Abführung der Abzweigleiter in einer Richtung verlaufend ausführen will. Selbstverständlich läßt sich eine derartige Abzweigstelle auch mit einer einzigen Type von Klemmvorrichtung ausführen, wobei dann jeweils zwischen einem Hauptleiter ein Abzweigleiter abgeführt wird. Diese Abzweigstelle ist dann im Durchmesser geringfügig größer, da hier ein längsseitiger Versatz der Klemmvorrichtungen, wie es bei der oben beschriebenen Version der Fall ist, wenig sinnvoll ist. Die Ausbildung der einzelnen Klemmvorrichtungen ist jedoch, abgesehen vom spiegelbildlichen Ansetzen der Abzweigklemme, völlig gleich.FIG. 3 now shows how, with the aid of the clamping devices 1 according to the invention, a branch can be installed as space-saving as possible in the case of a cable consisting of four separately insulated cable conductors 14-15, for example a 1 kV voltage cable. The correspondingly guided bending of the connecting web 13 between the main terminal 2 and the contact terminal 5 permits an almost circular arrangement of the four clamping devices 1 around the cable. So you just have to remove the cable sheath in the branch area and bend the separately insulated main conductors 14-15 to the extent that the main terminals 2 can be placed on the main conductors 14-15 in the manner described above. In the version shown here, two different embodiments of clamping devices 1 are used for a particularly space-saving arrangement, but they only differ in that the respective branch terminal 5 on the main terminal 2 is arranged in mirror image on the other side. This results in a relatively inexpensive version for the removal of the branch conductors 16, since two branch conductors can be discharged lying close together. For the advantage of saving space, however, it must be accepted that two different types of clamping devices 1 must be used if the branch conductors are led away in one direction wants to execute. Of course, such a branch point can also be implemented with a single type of clamping device, in which case a branch conductor is then removed between a main conductor. This branch point is then slightly larger in diameter, since here a longitudinal offset of the clamping devices, as is the case with the version described above, makes little sense. The design of the individual clamping devices is, apart from the mirror-image attachment of the branch terminal, completely the same.

In Figur 4 wird in einem Teilquerschnitt eine komplett montierte Abzweigstelle mit Klemmvorrichtungen 1 gemäß der Erfindung dargestellt. Bei dieser Ausführung ist z.B. ein dreiphasiges Hauptkabel HK gewählt, bei dem an den vom Kabelmantel abgesetzten, jedoch separat isolierten Hauptleitern 14-15 Abzweigungen durchgeführt sind. Dabei wird deutlich, daß pro Hauptleiterabzweig eine geschrumpfte Manschette 19 eingesetzt ist, bei der über die Aussparung 23 der Abzweig 4-13 ausgeführt ist. Der Abzweigleiter 16-20 ist dann zur Abzweigklemme der Klemmvorrichtung durch das aufgeschrumpfte Schrumpfschlauchstück 18 abgedichtet. Damit ist jeder Leiterabzweig für sich abgedichtet und geschützt. Anschließend wird die gesamte Abzweigstelle von einer an sich bekannten Schrumpfmanschette 22 umgeben und an der einen Seite der Verzweigungsstelle auf den Kabelmantel des Hauptkabels HK dichtend aufgeschrumpft. An der zweiten Seite wird die Manschette 22 als Abzweigmuffe mit zwei Ausgängen ausgebildet. Der dadurch entstehende Zwickelbereich zwischen dem Hauptkabel HK und dem Abzweigkabel AK wird mit einem Dichtungseinsatz 21, zum Beispiel mit einer Einlage aus einer plastischen, klebrigen Kunststoffmasse, abgedichtet. Durch das Aufschrumpfen der Schrumpfmanschette 22 wird diese Kunststoffmasse 21 so verformt und verpreßt, daß sich eine einwandfreie Abdichtung im Zwickelbereich ergibt. Die Schrumpfmanschette 22 ist vorteilhafterweise mit einer Innenbeschichtung aus einem Schmelzkleber versehen, wodurch die Dichtungswirkung an den Dichtungsflächen erhöht werden kann. Auch diese Schrumpfmanschette 22 ist mit einem hier nicht sichtbaren Längsverschluß versehen, um sie über das ungeschnittene Hauptkabel HK herumlegen zu können. Damit ist die gesamte Abzweigstelle nach außen hin mit einer Schutzvorrichtung gegen Umwelteinflüsse umgeben. Eventuell ist zweckmäßig, wenn die Abzweigstelle vor dem Aufbringen der Schrumpfmanschette mit einem Stützkörper, z.B. einem im Durchmesser und an den Enden verformbaren Rohrgebilde versehen wird. Auf diesen Stützkörper läßt sich dann die Schrumpfmanschette besonders gut aufschrumpfen, wobei der Stützkörper zusätzlichen Schutz bietet. Es ist jedoch in jedem Falle darauf zu achten, daß sich nach außen ein möglichst rundes Gebilde mit großen Radien ergibt, damit sich keine Angriffskanten für Verletzungen am Gehäuse ergeben.In FIG. 4, a completely assembled branch point with clamping devices 1 according to the invention is shown in a partial cross section. In this version, for example, a three-phase HK main cable is selected, in which branches are made on the main conductors separated from the cable sheath, but separately insulated, 14-15. It is clear that a shrunk sleeve 19 is used per main conductor branch, in which the branch 4-13 is made via the recess 23. The branch conductor 16-20 is then sealed to the branch clamp of the clamping device by the shrunk-on shrink tube piece 18. This means that each conductor branch is individually sealed and protected. The entire branch point is then surrounded by a shrink sleeve 22, known per se, and shrunk onto the cable sheath of the main cable HK in a sealing manner on one side of the branch point. On the second side, the sleeve 22 is designed as a branch sleeve with two exits. The resulting gusset area between the main cable HK and the branch cable AK is sealed with a sealing insert 21, for example with an insert made of a plastic, sticky plastic mass. By shrinking the shrink sleeve 22, this plastic mass 21 is deformed and pressed in such a way that a perfect seal in the gusset area results. The shrink sleeve 22 is advantageously provided with an inner coating made of a hot melt adhesive, as a result of which the sealing effect on the sealing surfaces can be increased. This shrink sleeve 22 is also not shown here with a longitudinal closure to be able to lay them over the uncut HK main cable. The entire branch point is thus surrounded on the outside with a protective device against environmental influences. It may be expedient if the branch point is provided with a support body, for example a tubular structure which can be deformed in diameter and at the ends, before the shrink sleeve is applied. The shrink sleeve can then be shrunk particularly well onto this support body, the support body offering additional protection. However, it must be ensured in any case that the roundest possible structure with large radii results on the outside, so that there are no attack edges for injuries to the housing.

Bei Abzweigstellen gemäß der Erfindung ist es gleichgültig, wie hoch die Anzahl der abzuzweigenden Kabelleiter ist, da jede Abzweigung für sich vorgenommen werden kann. Außerdem kann die Ausführungsrichtung der Abzweigleiter beliebig gewählt werden, da die Aufbringung der Klemmvorrichtung für sich gleichgültig ist. Zusätzliche Varianten lassen sich durch spiegelbildlich ausgeführte Abwandlungen herstellen. Es wird in diesem Zusammenhang darauf verwiesen, daß auch eine Ausführungsform mit Mehrfachabzweigen möglich ist, wenn zum Beispiel eine zweite Abzweigklemme in umgekehrter Richtung an die bisher beschriebene Abzweigklemme angesetzt wird. Hierzu ist dann eine zusätzliche Abzweigung der Verbindungsschiene nötig. Damit ist auch die Möglichkeit gegeben in einfacher Weise die Abzweigrichtung zu wählen, da es nun gleichgültig ist, von welcher Seite der Abzweigleiter eingeführt wird. Damit ist jedoch beispielsweise auch ein beiderseitiger Abzweig in der äußersten Schutzeinrichtung nötig, der ohne weiteres in der bereits beschriebenen Weise auch an der zweiten Seite hergestellt werden kann. Bei all diesen Ausführungsformen ist jedoch gewährleistet, daß die Anklemmung von Anfang bis zum Ende ohne Potentialabschaltung auf dem Hauptkabel erfolgen kann und daß eine Abdichtung gegen Umwelteinflüsse gegeben ist. Dies ist besonders dann wichtig, wenn ein Abzweig an einem Hauptkabel geschaffen werden soll, bei dem bereits andere Verbraucher angeschlossen sind. Auf diese Weise kann die sonst bisher notwendige Abschaltung der Verbraucher während der Montagezeit der neuen Abzweigstelle verhindert werden.In the case of branch points according to the invention, it does not matter what the number of cable conductors to be branched, since each branch can be carried out on its own. In addition, the execution direction of the branch conductors can be chosen arbitrarily, since the application of the clamping device is indifferent in itself. Additional variants can be produced through mirror-image modifications. In this context, reference is made to the fact that an embodiment with multiple branches is also possible if, for example, a second branch terminal is attached in the opposite direction to the branch terminal previously described. An additional branching of the connecting rail is then necessary for this. This also gives the possibility of choosing the branch direction in a simple manner, since it is now irrelevant from which side the branch conductor is inserted. However, this also requires, for example, a branch on both sides in the outermost protective device, which can easily be produced on the second side in the manner already described. In all of these embodiments, however, it is ensured that the connection can take place from the beginning to the end without potential disconnection on the main cable and that there is a seal against environmental influences. This is particularly important if a branch is to be created on a main cable that already has other consumers are connected. In this way, the otherwise previously necessary shutdown of the consumers can be prevented during the assembly time of the new branch.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Abzweiges mittels der oben beschriebenen Klemmvorrichtungen 1 ergibt sich aus den einzelnen Schritten, wie sie bereits in den oberen Beschreibungsteilen angegeben sind. Eine Zusammenstellung und die Reihenfolge der Einzelschritte finden sich im Patentanspruch 21.The method according to the invention for producing a branch by means of the clamping devices 1 described above results from the individual steps as already stated in the above description parts. A compilation and the order of the individual steps can be found in claim 21.

Claims (21)

  1. Clamping device for producing a tap on the main conductors of a live tension cable, having a main clamp which can be mounted on the uncut main conductors and preferably has a milling screw for penetrating the insulation of the respective main conductor and a push-on moulded part for sealing the accommodating channel on the long side, and having, furthermore, a tap clamp for accommodating the end of a tap conductor, which tap clamp contains a pressing screw for the purpose of contacting, all electric contact parts being accommodated in an insulating housing, characterised in that the basic body of the main clamp (2) and of the tap clamp (5) consist of pressure-resistant plastic and are connected to one another via a connecting web (13), in that the connecting rail (4) is embedded in the connecting web (13) in an insulated manner and extends from the accommodating channel (26) of the main clamp (2) right into the accommodating channel (17) of the tap clamp (5), it being the case that it contains contact screws (10, 12) in the accommodating channels (17, 26), in that the main clamp (2) has an approximately C-shaped configuration, the side limbs of the C-shape being led back along the lateral insertion opening (6) in the opposite direction as lugs (8) in such a way that undercuts (9) are formed, in that the lateral insertion opening (6) can be closed by means of a moulded part (3) matched to the lugs (8) and undercuts (9), and in that there are arranged protective devices (18, 19, 22) providing a seal against environmental influences.
  2. Clamping device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the contact screws (10, 12) are captively inserted in the connecting rail (4).
  3. Clamping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tap clamp (5) is constructed as a blind hole.
  4. Clamping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the insulated connecting web (13) is bent so as to produce as close fitting a configuration as possible when a tap is set up on a tension cable.
  5. Clamping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that spring elements (11), preferably spring plates, are used in the active region of the contact screws (10, 12).
  6. Clamping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a length of shrinkdown tubing (18) is shrunk on as protective device for the entry region of the tap clamp (5).
  7. Clamping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a shrinkable sleeve (19) is shrunk onto the main clamp (2) and shrunk with the required sealing length onto the cable sheath (15) of the main conductor (14), a recess (23) being arranged for the insulated connecting web (13).
  8. Clamping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a shrinkable sleeve (22) covering the entire tap location is arranged as external protective device, there being provided at one end a branching configuration for leading off the main cable (HK) and the tap cable (AK).
  9. Clamping device according to Claim 8, characterised in that a support member, preferably of variable diameter, is arranged inside the shrinkable sleeve (22).
  10. Clamping device according to Claim 9, characterised in that matching at the ends takes place conically.
  11. Clamping device according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterised in that in the filler region between the main cable (HK) and the tap cable (AK) the branching end of the shrinkable sleeve (22) has a sealing insert (21), preferably made from a deformable plastic.
  12. Clamping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the protective devices (18, 19, 22) consisting of shrinkable plastic have an inner coating made from an adhesive, preferably an adhesive which melts upon supply of heat.
  13. Clamping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the moulded part (3) for closing the insertion opening (6) of the accommodating channel (26) is constructed from rigid plastics material as a push-on element.
  14. Clamping device according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the moulded part (3) for closing the insertion opening (6) of the accommodating channel (26) is constructed from resilient plastics material as a snap-in element.
  15. Clamping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a metallic insert, in particular a grippable, profiled metal plate, is inserted in the region of the C-limb constructed as an abutment (7).
  16. Clamping device according to Claim 15, characterised in that the insert has a radius of curvature that is larger than the radius of curvature of the abutment (7).
  17. Clamping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that its outer shape is provided with large radii, thus producing a rounded contour.
  18. Clamping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the longitudinal joints along the main clamp (2) are constructed to be as narrow as possible, preferably smaller than 2 mm.
  19. Clamping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sealing lengths of the protective devices (18, 19, 22) are constructed with a length appropriate to the requirements for seals, for example 2 cm.
  20. Clamping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a second tap clamp having an insertion opening directed oppositely with respect to the first (5) is arranged in the extension thereof, and in that a tap of the connecting rail (4) is constructed for the second tap clamp.
  21. Production of a tap location on a tension cable having clamping devices according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cable sheath of the main cable (HK) is removed, in that the clamping devices (1) are mounted with their main clamps (2) on the insulated main conductors (14) of the main cable (HK) without contacting, in that the stripped ends of the tap conductors (16) are clamped in the tap clamps (5), in that the lengths of shrinkdown tubing (18) are shrunk onto the tap clamps (5) and the cable sheaths (25) of the tap conductors (16), in that the contact screws (10) are turned through the cable sheaths (15) in order to contact the main conductors (14), in that the shrinkable sleeve (19) is shrunk onto the main clamp (2) and the cable sheaths (15) of the main conductors (14), and in that an external protective device in the form of a shrinkable sleeve (22) is shrunk on over the entire tap location.
EP88105015A 1987-03-30 1988-03-28 Clamping device to realize a tapping on a tension cable conductor and manufacture of such a tapping Expired - Lifetime EP0285079B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88105015T ATE82649T1 (en) 1987-03-30 1988-03-28 CLAMPING DEVICE FOR MAKING A BRANCH ON CONDUCTORS OF A VOLTAGE CABLE AND MAKING SUCH A BRANCH.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3710546 1987-03-30
DE3710546 1987-03-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0285079A2 EP0285079A2 (en) 1988-10-05
EP0285079A3 EP0285079A3 (en) 1990-03-21
EP0285079B1 true EP0285079B1 (en) 1992-11-19

Family

ID=6324380

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88105015A Expired - Lifetime EP0285079B1 (en) 1987-03-30 1988-03-28 Clamping device to realize a tapping on a tension cable conductor and manufacture of such a tapping

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0285079B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE82649T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3875994D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2263824B (en) * 1992-01-27 1995-09-27 British Gas Plc An electrical connector
DE10020962C2 (en) * 2000-04-28 2002-08-14 Ribe Richard Bergner Gmbh & Co Branch terminal for low-voltage power cables
EP1936746A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2008-06-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Connection article for a cable, holder for a connector of such a connection article, and kit for connecting cables
CN107317296B (en) * 2017-08-09 2023-10-31 上海胜华电气股份有限公司 Fireproof dense water type pre-branched magnesium oxide cable and installation method thereof
CN110233364A (en) * 2018-03-06 2019-09-13 张春燕 Multicore cable tapping device
CN110323698A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-10-11 广州番禺电缆集团有限公司 A kind of multicore cable line device

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3816817A (en) * 1972-12-15 1974-06-11 Pirelli General Cable Works Electrical connectors
DE2438003C3 (en) * 1974-08-07 1978-10-19 Wilhelm Petri Kg, Spezialfabrik Des Elektrofaches, 3550 Marburg Contact screw with milled slot for electrical branch terminals
FR2414799A1 (en) * 1978-01-13 1979-08-10 Verlant Et Beaurain Demountable sleeve for cable junction protection - is of moulded plastics and filled with grease, with sides closed by two studded metal strips

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0285079A3 (en) 1990-03-21
ATE82649T1 (en) 1992-12-15
EP0285079A2 (en) 1988-10-05
DE3875994D1 (en) 1992-12-24

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