EP0272349A1 - Ultra-rapid circuit breaker assisted with semi-conductors - Google Patents

Ultra-rapid circuit breaker assisted with semi-conductors Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0272349A1
EP0272349A1 EP86202360A EP86202360A EP0272349A1 EP 0272349 A1 EP0272349 A1 EP 0272349A1 EP 86202360 A EP86202360 A EP 86202360A EP 86202360 A EP86202360 A EP 86202360A EP 0272349 A1 EP0272349 A1 EP 0272349A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
circuit breaker
current
thyristors
diodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86202360A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0272349B1 (en
Inventor
Henri Bonhomme
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Belgium SA
Original Assignee
ACEC Transport SA
ACEC SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ACEC Transport SA, ACEC SA filed Critical ACEC Transport SA
Priority to EP86202360A priority Critical patent/EP0272349B1/en
Priority to AT86202360T priority patent/ATE89685T1/en
Priority to DE86202360T priority patent/DE3688469T2/en
Priority to ES198686202360T priority patent/ES2040699T3/en
Priority to EP87870185A priority patent/EP0275857A1/en
Priority to US07/141,225 priority patent/US4920448A/en
Publication of EP0272349A1 publication Critical patent/EP0272349A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0272349B1 publication Critical patent/EP0272349B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/222—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/222—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion
    • H01H2003/225—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion with coil contact, i.e. the movable contact itself forms a secondary coil in which the repulsing current is induced by an operating current in a stationary coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/543—Contacts shunted by static switch means third parallel branch comprising an energy absorber, e.g. MOV, PTC, Zener
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
    • H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
    • H01H77/10—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening

Definitions

  • a current warhead arises in the thyristor 17-capacitor 21-self 23 circuit and divides in the diode 13 (HC circuit) and in the HD-3-8 circuit where it will be removed from the main current to quickly bring it- this to zero. It is quite obvious that the increase in the current warhead is of an order of magnitude at least greater than that of the maximum fault current in order to rapidly effect the cancellation of the current in the main contact 8.

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  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

On décrit un disjoncteur hyper rapide comportant un mécanisme de coupure hyper rapide muni d'un disque de répulsion équipé de contacts mobiles (7, 7'), ledit mécanisme comportant encore des contacts fixes (9, 9'), aux bornes d'entrée et de sortie (1, 3) duquel est branché un circuit d'assistance (10) comportant un condensateur (21) et une self (23) ainsi qu'un ensemble de semi-conducteurs (13, 15, 17, 19), la self (23) constituant en tout ou en partie la bobine de répulsion dudit mécanisme hyper rapide, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins deux branches parallèles (CD, EF), une première branche (CD) comportant deux diodes (13, 15) ou analogue, opposées, en série, orientée chacune dans le sens bloquant pour le courant entrant dans le circuit, une deuxième branche (EF) comportant deux thyristors ou analogue, opposés (17, 19), orienté chacun dans le sens passant pour le courant entrant dans le circuit, et un circuit oscillant LC (21, 23) qui relie le point commun aux deux diodes (13,15) ou analogue et le point commun aux deux thyristors (17, 19) ou analogue, les deux thyristors (17, 19) ou analogue étant commandés à distance ou via un capteur de courant (20) incorporé décelant le dépassement d'un seuil de déclenchement préalablement fixé et réglable dans l'électronique de commande.A hyper fast circuit breaker is described comprising a hyper fast breaking mechanism provided with a repulsion disc equipped with movable contacts (7, 7 '), said mechanism still comprising fixed contacts (9, 9'), at the input terminals. and output (1, 3) from which is connected an assistance circuit (10) comprising a capacitor (21) and a choke (23) as well as a set of semiconductors (13, 15, 17, 19), the choke (23) constituting in whole or in part the repulsion coil of said super fast mechanism, characterized in that it comprises at least two parallel branches (CD, EF), a first branch (CD) comprising two diodes (13, 15) or the like, opposite, in series, each oriented in the blocking direction for the current entering the circuit, a second branch (EF) comprising two thyristors or the like, opposite (17, 19), each oriented in the passing direction for the current entering the circuit, and an oscillating circuit LC (21, 23) which connects the point common to the two diodes (13, 15) or the like and the point common to the two thyristors (17, 19) or the like, the two thyristors (17, 19) or the like being controlled remotely or via a built-in current sensor (20) detecting the exceeding of a threshold trigger previously fixed and adjustable in the control electronics.

Description

Cette invention est relative à un disjoncteur hyper rapide limiteur de courant utilisable en moyenne tension et bien que plus particulièrement adapté à la traction électrique à courant continu dans le matériel roulant ou le matériel fixe, peut également être utilisé en courant alternatif.This invention relates to a hyper fast current limiting circuit breaker usable at medium voltage and although more particularly suitable for direct current electric traction in rolling stock or fixed equipment, can also be used in alternating current.

Il est bien connu que les réseaux à courant continu en traction comme en industrie deviennent de plus en plus complexes et puissants. La conception des appa­reils de coupure doit évoluer pour couper des courants de plus en plus grands et réduire les frais de maintenance. Un appareil de coupure de la nouvelle génération doit être rapide pour limiter le courant et diminuer les sollicita­tions mécaniques et thermiques de toute l'installation ainsi que l'usure de ses contacts et de sa boîte de souf­flage. Actuellement, les appareils de coupure, en réseau de traction, comportent des mécanismes ultra-rapides pour l'ouverture des contacts et une boîte de soufflage dans laquelle l'arc créé est confiné et refroidi. Ces appareils entraînent des frais significatifs dus aux interventions d'entretien et aux remplacements des pièces d'usure.It is well known that DC networks in traction as in industry are becoming more and more complex and powerful. The design of switchgear must evolve to cut larger and larger currents and reduce maintenance costs. A new generation switchgear must be fast to limit the current and reduce the mechanical and thermal stresses of the entire installation as well as the wear of its contacts and its blowing box. Currently, switching devices, in traction network, include ultra-rapid mechanisms for opening the contacts and a blowing box in which the arc created is confined and cooled. These devices entail significant costs due to maintenance interventions and the replacement of wearing parts.

Dans la demande de brevet européen no 85 770 134.5, on a décrit la combinaison d'un mécanisme hyper rapide à maintien électromagnétique dans lequel un même élément fait à la fois office de disque de répulsion et de pont de contact mobile, avec un circuit oscillant commandé par semi-conducteurs et dont la self est utilisée comme bobine de répulsion dans le mécanisme de coupure. Le cir­cuit d'assistance décrit, branché sur les bornes du méca­nisme, comporte une capacité, une self (bobine de répul­sion) et un thyristor, montés en série ainsi qu'une diode montée en anti-parallèle sur les éléments en série. L'ap­pareil de coupure équipé du circuit d'assistance de ce type ne convient toutefois que pour la coupure de courants traversant ledit dispositif dans le sens donné. La figure 6 de la demande 85.870 134.5 représente un circuit d'as­sistance semblable destiné à un appareil de coupure bi­directionnel qui permet de couper un courant dans les deux sens. Il apparaît toutefois que l'efficacité à la coupure dans un sens de circulation du courant est sensiblement meilleure que celle dans le sens opposé. Ceci est dû à une asymétrie du circuit dont il résulte que la deuxième ogive de courant produite par le condensateur, plus faible que la première puisque déjà partiellement amortie, doit cou­per un courant de court-circuit qui a disposé d'un temps prolongé pour croître.In European patent application No. 85 770 134.5 there is disclosed the combination of an ultra-rapid mechanism to maintain electromagnetic wherein the same element is both repulsion disk office and mobile contact bridge, with a circuit oscillating controlled by semiconductors and whose inductor is used as a repulsion coil in the cut-off mechanism. The assistance circuit described, connected to the terminals of the mechanism, comprises a capacitor, a choke (repulsion coil) and a thyristor, connected in series as well as a diode mounted in anti-parallel on the elements in series. The breaking device equipped with the assistance circuit of this type is however only suitable for cutting currents passing through said device in the given direction. Figure 6 of application 85.870 134.5 shows a similar assistance circuit intended for a bidirectional breaking device which makes it possible to cut a current in both directions. However, it appears that the cut-off efficiency in one direction of current flow is significantly better than that in the opposite direction. This is due to an asymmetry of the circuit from which it follows that the second current warhead produced by the capacitor, weaker than the first since already partially damped, must cut a short-circuit current which has had a long time to grow .

Un but de la présente invention vise à fournir un disjoncteur hyper rapide assisté par semi-conducteurs, qui ne présente pas les inconvénients des appareils connus dans l'état de la technique tel que décrit ci-dessus.An object of the present invention is to provide a hyper fast circuit breaker assisted by semiconductors, which does not have the drawbacks of the devices known in the prior art as described above.

Un autre but de la présente invention vise à fournir un disjoncteur hyper rapide capable de couper un courant continu dans les deux sens, avec une efficacité similaire.Another object of the present invention is to provide a super fast circuit breaker capable of breaking a direct current in both directions, with similar efficiency.

Un but complémentaire de la présente invention vise à fournir un disjoncteur particulièrement performant, peu onéreux et n'entraînant pas de frais d'entretien élevés.A complementary object of the present invention aims to provide a particularly efficient circuit breaker, inexpensive and not resulting in high maintenance costs.

Selon la présente invention, le disjoncteur comporte un mécanisme de coupure hyper rapide muni d'un pont de contact mobile et de contacts fixes, aux bornes d'entrée et de sortie duquel est branché un circuit d'as­sistance. Le circuit d'assistance comporte au moins deux branches parallèles, une première branche comportant deux diodes opposées en série, orientée chacune dans le sens bloquant pour le courant entrant dans le circuit, une deuxième branche comportant deux thyristors opposés, orien­tés chacun dans le sens passant pour le courant entrant dans le circuit, et un circuit oscillant LC qui relie le point commun aux deux diodes et le point commun aux deux thyristors, les thyristors étant commandés à distance ou via un capteur de courant incorporé décelant le dépasse­ment d'un seuil de déclenchement prélablement fixé et réglable dans l'électronique de commande.According to the present invention, the circuit breaker comprises a super fast breaking mechanism provided with a movable contact bridge and fixed contacts, at the input and output terminals of which an assistance circuit is connected. The assistance circuit comprises at least two parallel branches, a first branch comprising two diodes opposite in series, each oriented in the blocking direction for the current entering the circuit, a second branch comprising two opposite thyristors, each oriented in the passing direction for the current entering the circuit, and an LC oscillating circuit which connects the point common to the two diodes and the point common to the two thyristors, the thyristors being controlled remotely or via an incorporated current sensor detecting the exceeding of a trigger threshold previously fixed and adjustable in the control electronics.

On constate que la combinaison d'un mécanisme de coupure hyper rapide avec un circuit d'assistance du type susmentionné faisant appel à une électronique de puissance capable de performances importantes en régime transitoire permet d'éviter l'apparition et le développement de l'arc électrique entre les bornes de contact du disjoncteur en opposant très rapidement une tension antagoniste calcula­ble, quelque soit le sens de circulation du courant à couper.It can be seen that the combination of a hyper-fast cut-off mechanism with an assistance circuit of the aforementioned type using power electronics capable of high performance in transient conditions makes it possible to avoid the appearance and development of the arc electric between the contact terminals of the circuit breaker by very quickly opposing a calculable antagonistic voltage, whatever the direction of flow of the current to be cut.

D'autres détails de la présente invention appa­raîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description donnée ci-dessous à l'appui des dessins dans lesquels:

  • - la figure 1 représente le schéma de principe du circuit d'assistance conforme à la présente invention;
  • - la figure 2 illustre le fonctionnement dudit disjoncteur;
  • - les figures 3 à 4 représentent des variantes d'exécution particulièrement avantageuses du circuit d'assistance conforme à la présente invention.
Other details of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the description given below in support of the drawings in which:
  • - Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the assistance circuit according to the present invention;
  • - Figure 2 illustrates the operation of said circuit breaker;
  • - Figures 3 to 4 show particularly advantageous alternative embodiments of the assistance circuit according to the present invention.

Dans les figures, des repères de référence iden­tiques représentent des éléments identiques ou analogues.In the figures, identical reference marks represent identical or analogous elements.

Dans les figures, on a représenté les bornes d'entrée 1 et de sortie 3 du disjoncteur 5 comportant un mécanisme de coupure rapide représenté uniquement par le pont de contact mobile 7, 7ʹ et par les contacts fixes 9, 9ʹ, ainsi qu'un circuit d'assistance 10 monté en parallèle sur les bornes 1 et 3.In the figures, there is shown the input 1 and output 3 terminals of the circuit breaker 5 comprising a quick cut-off mechanism represented only by the movable contact bridge 7, 7ʹ and by the fixed contacts 9, 9ʹ, as well as a assistance circuit 10 mounted in parallel on terminals 1 and 3.

En référence la figure 1, le circuit d'assistan­ce 10 comporte deux branches CD et EF montées en parallèle. La branche CD comporte deux diodes 13 et 15 opposées et orientées dans le sens bloquant du courant entrant I. La branche EF comporte deux thyristors 17 et 19 opposés et orientés dans le sens passant pour le courant entrant I. Les deux branches CD et EF sont reliées par un circuit oscillant du type LC comportant un condensateur 21 et une self 23 qui sert également de bobine de répulsion pour le disque de répulsion (non représenté) portant le pont de contacts mobiles 7, 7ʹ.With reference to FIG. 1, the assistance circuit 10 comprises two branches CD and EF mounted in parallel. The CD branch comprises two diodes 13 and 15 opposite and oriented in the blocking direction of the incoming current I. The EF branch comprises two thyristors 17 and 19 opposite and oriented in the passing direction for the incoming current I. The two branches CD and EF are connected by an LC type oscillating circuit comprising a capacitor 21 and a choke 23 which also serves as a repulsion coil for the repulsion disc (not shown) carrying the bridge of movable contacts 7, 7ʹ.

Supposons l'appareil connecté à un réseau de sorte que le courant continu circule de A vers B et soit égal à sa valeur nominale lorsque survient un défaut.Suppose the device connected to a network so that direct current flows from A to B and is equal to its nominal value when a fault occurs.

Le courant croît et atteint en t=t₀ la valeur du seuil de déclenchement Isd du disjoncteur.The current increases and reaches at t = t₀ the value of the tripping threshold I sd of the circuit breaker.

Après un retard de quelques micro-secondes pro­pre à l'électronique, en t=t₁, celle-ci donne un ordre d'allumage au thyristor 17, suite à l'information donnée par le capteur 20.After a delay of a few micro-seconds specific to the electronics, at t = t₁, the latter gives an ignition order to the thyristor 17, following the information given by the sensor 20.

Une ogive de courant prend naissance dans le circuit thyristor 17-condensateur 21-self 23 et se divise dans la diode 13 (circuit HC) et dans le circuit H-D-3-8 où il va se soustraire au courant principal pour amener rapidement celui-ci à zéro. Il est bien évident que l'ac­croissement de l'ogive de courant est d'un ordre de gran­deur au moins supérieur à celui du courant de défaut maxi­mum afin de réaliser rapidement l'annulation du courant dans le contact principal 8.A current warhead arises in the thyristor 17-capacitor 21-self 23 circuit and divides in the diode 13 (HC circuit) and in the HD-3-8 circuit where it will be removed from the main current to quickly bring it- this to zero. It is quite obvious that the increase in the current warhead is of an order of magnitude at least greater than that of the maximum fault current in order to rapidly effect the cancellation of the current in the main contact 8.

Comme l'inductance 23 constitue également la bobine de répulsion du mécanime hyper rapide, elle cause l'ouverture du contact 8, une centaine de microsecondes après l'envoi de l'ogive de courant,en t=t₂.As the inductance 23 also constitutes the repulsion coil of the super fast mechanism, it causes the opening of the contact 8, a hundred microseconds after the current warhead has been sent, at t = t₂.

Dès que le contact 8 est ouvert, le courant de défaut trouve un chemin de substitution par 1-C-E-G-H-D, tandis que le courant d'ogive suit le circuit E-G-H-C.As soon as contact 8 is open, the fault current finds a substitution path with 1-C-E-G-H-D, while the warp current follows the E-G-H-C circuit.

Dès lors, la différence de tension existant entre les bornes A et B est égale à la différence des chutes de tension directe des diodes 13 et 15, donc bien inférieure à la tension minimale requise pour avoir un arc aux bornes du contact 8.Consequently, the difference in voltage existing between terminals A and B is equal to the difference in the direct voltage drops of the diodes 13 and 15, therefore much less than the minimum voltage required to have an arc. across contact 8.

Tant que le courant d'ogive reste supérieur au courant de défaut, la situation est donc la suivante:
    - Le contact 8 est ouvert et continue sa course de manière à pouvoir supporter une tension significative. Le cou­rant dans le contact 8 s'annule en t=t₃ et la tension à ses bornes est quasi nulle. Comme il n'y a pas eu d'arc aux bornes du contact 8, l'espace entre les bornes n'est pas ionisé et aucune usure n'est occasionnée aux contacts.
    - Le courant dans la diode 13 est égal à la différence entre le courant dans le circuit extérieur et le courant d'ogive.
    - Le courant de défaut continue d'augmenter mais il a été transféré du contact 8 vers le circuit électronique d'assistance.
    - Les courants amont et aval c'est-à-dire le courant débi­té par la source et le courant dans le défaut sont identiques.As long as the warhead current remains greater than the fault current, the situation is therefore as follows:
- Contact 8 is open and continues to run so that it can withstand significant tension. The current in contact 8 is canceled out at t = t₃ and the voltage across its terminals is almost zero. As there was no arc at the terminals of contact 8, the space between the terminals is not ionized and no wear is caused to the contacts.
- The current in the diode 13 is equal to the difference between the current in the external circuit and the warp current.
- The fault current continues to increase, but it has been transferred from contact 8 to the electronic assistance circuit.
- The upstream and downstream currents, i.e. the current supplied by the source and the current in the fault are identical.

Cette situation va persister jusqu'en t=t₄ moment où le courant d'ogive va égaler pour la seconde fois le courant de défaut. A cet instant la topologie du circuit va être modifiée; la tension aux bornes du condensateur 21 s'est inversée et ce dernier se trouve inséré en série avec le réseau.This situation will persist until t = t₄ when the warhead current will equal the fault current for the second time. At this time the topology of the circuit will be modified; the voltage across the capacitor 21 is reversed and the latter is inserted in series with the network.

Le courant de défaut va donc décroître, vu l'ap­parition de cette tension antagoniste.The fault current will therefore decrease, given the appearance of this antagonistic voltage.

Etant donné que le circuit d'assistance conforme à la présente invention est substantiellement symétrique, un raisonnement semblable peut être développé lorsque le courant circule de B vers A.Since the assistance circuit according to the present invention is substantially symmetrical, similar reasoning can be developed when the current flows from B to A.

La figure 3 donne une forme d'exécution avanta­geuse du circuit de la figure 1 dans lequel on a ajouté une diode de roue libre 24 et une résistance non linéaire 25. En effet, dès que le courant de défaut commence à décroître (instant t=t₄) il y a lieu de dissocier les fonctionnements des circuits en amont et en aval.FIG. 3 gives an advantageous embodiment of the circuit of FIG. 1 in which a freewheeling diode 24 and a nonlinear resistor 25 have been added. In fact, as soon as the fault current begins to decrease (instant t = t₄) the operations of the upstream and downstream circuits should be dissociated.

Lorsque le courant dans le circuit en aval diminue, l'inductance du circuit en aval du disjoncteur polarise les diodes 24 et 15 dans le sens direct et peut fonctionner en roue libre pour s'amortir avec une constan­te de temps propre audit circuit.When the current in the downstream circuit decreases, the inductance of the circuit downstream of the circuit breaker polarizes the diodes 24 and 15 in the direct direction and can operate in freewheel mode to dampen with a time constant specific to said circuit.

Le courant dans le circuit en amont du disjonc­teur diminue au fur et à mesure que la tension aux bornes du condensateur 21 augmente. En vue de limiter à une ten­sion raisonnable la tension apparaissant aux bornes de l'appareil quand l'énergie emmagasinée dans les inductan­ces du circuit en amont est importante, on a prévu une résistance non linéaire 25 pour dissiper cette énergie et écrêter ainsi toute surtension supérieure aux valeurs annoncées.The current in the circuit upstream of the circuit breaker decreases as the voltage across the capacitor 21 increases. In order to limit the voltage appearing at the terminals of the device to a reasonable voltage when the energy stored in the inductances of the upstream circuit is high, a non-linear resistor 25 has been provided to dissipate this energy and thus clip any higher overvoltage. to the advertised values.

A la figure 4, on peut voir que ladite résistan­ce non linéaire 25 peut également être montée en parallèle sur le condensateur 21. Dans ce cas, elle est toutefois mise continuellement sous tension, ce qui peut modifier sa durée de vie.In FIG. 4, it can be seen that said non-linear resistor 25 can also be mounted in parallel on the capacitor 21. In this case, it is however continuously energized, which can modify its service life.

A l'instant t=t₅, le courant en amont s'annule et la tension aux bornes de l'appareil va rejoindre la tension du réseau selon un régime oscillatoire fonction des capacités et inductances présentes dans le circuit.At the instant t = t₅, the upstream current is canceled and the voltage at the terminals of the device will join the network voltage according to an oscillatory regime depending on the capacities and inductances present in the circuit.

On peut encore prévoir un moyen permettant une isolation galvanique entre les circuits en amont et en aval, qui est actionné dès que le capteur de courant 20 détecte un courant nul. Un tel moyen peut être monté dans les branches 1-C et 3-D par exemple.Means can also be provided for galvanic isolation between the upstream and downstream circuits, which is actuated as soon as the current sensor 20 detects a zero current. Such a means can be mounted in branches 1-C and 3-D for example.

Dans la description des figures, on a supposé que l'électronique déclenche un thyristor, à savoir celui qui permet de fermer le circuit oscillant et qui est orien­té dans le sens passant pour le courant principal. On peut toutefois également commander simultanément les deux thy­ristors 17 et 19. Dans ce cas, toutefois, il y a lieu de dimensionner le condensateur de manière différente puisque l'ogive, dans ce cas divisée en deux, doit toujours être capable de surpasser l'acroissement du courant de défaut.In the description of the figures, it has been assumed that the electronics triggers a thyristor, namely that which makes it possible to close the oscillating circuit and which is oriented in the passing direction for the main current. However, the two thyristors 17 and 19 can also be controlled simultaneously. In this case, however, the capacitor must be dimensioned differently since the warhead, in this case divided in two, must always be capable of surpassing the increase in fault current.

Dans le cas décrit ci-dessus, il peut être avan­tageux de remplacer les deux thyristors 17, 19 par deux diodes 27, 29 et par un thyristor 31 monté dans la branche G-H, comme représenté en figure 5.In the case described above, it may be advantageous to replace the two thyristors 17, 19 by two diodes 27, 29 and by a thyristor 31 mounted in the branch GH, as shown in FIG. 5.

Il y a lieu de noter que le disjoncteur commence à lutter contre le court-circuit à l'instant t₄, c'est-à-­dire moins de une milliseconde après le passage du courant à sa valeur de déclenchement. La valeur maximale atteinte par le courant de défaut est donc du même ordre de gran­deur que le courant de déclenchement même en cas de courts-­circuits très violents.It should be noted that the circuit breaker begins to fight against the short circuit at time t₄, that is to say less than a millisecond after the current has passed to its tripping value. The maximum value reached by the fault current is therefore of the same order of magnitude as the trip current even in the event of very violent short circuits.

En outre, à l'instant t₄, une tension apparaît aux bornes du contact 8, mais cette tension n'atteint sa valeur maximale que plus tard, c'est-à-dire lorsque la distance inter-électrode est encore augmentée.In addition, at time t₄, a voltage appears at the terminals of contact 8, but this voltage does not reach its maximum value until later, that is to say when the inter-electrode distance is further increased.

Par ailleurs, la valeur maximale atteinte par le courant et la rapidité de la coupure font que le I²t en cas de court-circuit violent est de plusieurs ordres de grandeur inférieur à la valeur relative à des appareils conventionnels.Furthermore, the maximum value reached by the current and the speed of the cut-out means that the I²t in the event of a violent short-circuit is several orders of magnitude lower than the value relating to conventional devices.

Comme il n'y a pas de formation d'arc, il n'y a pas de projection de particules incandescentes ni dégage­ment important de gaz ionisés. Il en résulte que les dis­tances d'isolement peuvent être réduites.As there is no arc formation, there is no projection of incandescent particles nor significant release of ionized gases. As a result, the isolation distances can be reduced.

Le disjoncteur selon la présente invention peut couper tout courant suivant le même principe. Il se carac­térise donc par l'absence d'un courant critique.The circuit breaker according to the present invention can cut all current according to the same principle. It is therefore characterized by the absence of a critical current.

Il est bien évident que le disjoncteur décrit ci-dessus peut également servir à couper un courant nomi­nal, en étant commandé à distance, par exemple manuelle­ment, plutôt que par un courant de défaut atteignant un seuil de déclenchement.It is obvious that the circuit breaker described above can also be used to cut a nominal current, by being controlled remotely, for example manually, rather than by a fault current reaching a tripping threshold.

Le disjoncteur selon la présente invention con­vient particulièrement bien comme limiteur de courant utilisable en moyenne tension et bien que plus particuliè­rement adapté à la traction électrique à courant continu, dans le matériel roulant ou le matériel fixe, il peut également être utilisé en courant alternatif.The circuit breaker according to the present invention is particularly suitable as a current limiter usable at medium voltage and although more particularly suitable for direct current electric traction, in rolling stock or fixed equipment, it can also be used in alternating current.

Claims (8)

1. Disjoncteur hyper rapide comportant un méca­nisme de coupure hyper rapide muni d'un disque de répul­sion équipé de contacts mobiles (7, 7ʹ), ledit mécanisme comportant encore des contacts fixes (9, 9ʹ), aux bornes d'entrée et de sortie (1, 3) duquel est branché un circuit d'assistance (10) comportant un condensateur (21) et une self (23) ainsi qu'un ensemble de semi-conducteurs (13, 15, 17, 19), la self (23) constituant en tout ou en partie la bobine de répulsion dudit mécanisme hyper rapide, ca­ractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins deux branches parallèles (CD, EF), une première branche (CD) comportant deux diodes (13, 15) ou analogue, opposées, en série, orientée chacune dans le sens bloquant pour le courant entrant dans le circuit, une deuxième branche (EF) compor­tant deux thyristors ou analogue, opposés (17, 19), orien­té chacun dans le sens passant pour le courant entrant dans le circuit, et un circuit oscillant LC (21, 23) qui relie le point commun aux deux diodes (13,15) ou analogue et le point commun aux deux thyristors (17, 19) ou analo­gue, les deux thyristors (17, 19) ou analogue étant com­mandés à distance ou via un capteur de courant (20) incor­poré décelant le dépassement d'un seuil de déclenchement, préalablement fixé et réglable dans l'électronique de commande.1. Hyper-fast circuit breaker comprising a hyper-fast breaking mechanism provided with a repulsion disk fitted with movable contacts (7, 7ʹ), said mechanism also comprising fixed contacts (9, 9ʹ), at the input and output terminals (1, 3) from which is connected an assistance circuit (10) comprising a capacitor (21) and a choke (23) as well as a set of semiconductors (13, 15, 17, 19), the choke ( 23) constituting in whole or in part the repulsion coil of said hyper fast mechanism, characterized in that it comprises at least two parallel branches (CD, EF), a first branch (CD) comprising two diodes (13, 15) or analogous, opposite, in series, each oriented in the blocking direction for the current entering the circuit, a second branch (EF) comprising two thyristors or the like, opposite (17, 19), each oriented in the passing direction for the incoming current in the circuit, and an LC oscillating circuit (21, 23) which connects the point common to the two diodes (13,15) o u analog and the point common to the two thyristors (17, 19) or the like, the two thyristors (17, 19) or the like being controlled remotely or via a built-in current sensor (20) detecting the exceeding of a triggering threshold , previously fixed and adjustable in the control electronics. 2. Disjoncteur selon la revenication 1 caracté­risé en ce qu'une diode de roue libre (24) est branchée entre le point commun aux deux diodes opposées (13, 15) et la masse.2. Circuit breaker according to claim 1 characterized in that a freewheeling diode (24) is connected between the point common to the two opposite diodes (13, 15) and the earth. 3. Disjoncteur selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une résistance, de préférence une résistance non linéaire (25), montée en parallèle sur le circuit d'assistance (10).3. Circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that it comprises a resistor, preferably a non-linear resistor (25), mounted in parallel on the assistance circuit (10). 4. Disjoncteur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une résistance, de préférence une résistance non linéaire, (25) montée en parallèle sur le condensateur (23).4. Circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that it comprises a resistor, preferably a non-linear resistor, (25) mounted in parallel on the capacitor (23). 5. Disjoncteur selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le capteur de courant ou la commande à distance actionne le thyristor (17, 19) orienté dans le sens passant pour le courant entrant.5. Circuit breaker according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the current sensor or the remote control actuates the thyristor (17, 19) oriented in the passing direction for the incoming current. 6. Disjoncteur selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que le capteur de cou­rant ou la commande à distance actionne les deux thyris­tors (17, 19) simultanément.6. Circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the current sensor or the remote control actuates the two thyristors (17, 19) simultaneously. 7. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 6 caracté­risé en ce que les deux thyristors (17, 19) sont remplacés par deux diodes (27, 29) orientées dans le même sens et un thyristor (31) monté dans la branche de circuit oscillant reliant les deux branches parallèles (CD, EF).7. Circuit breaker according to claim 6 characterized in that the two thyristors (17, 19) are replaced by two diodes (27, 29) oriented in the same direction and a thyristor (31) mounted in the oscillating circuit branch connecting the two parallel branches (CD, EF). 8. Disjoncteur selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen permettant une isolation galvanique entre les cir­cuits en amont et en aval dudit disjoncteur, qui est ac­tionné dès que le capteur de courant (20) détecte un cou­rant nul, ledit moyen étant de préférence monté dans les branches reliant le circuit d'assistance (10) aux bornes d'entrée et de sortie (1, 3) du mécanisme hyper rapide.8. Circuit breaker according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means allowing galvanic isolation between the circuits upstream and downstream of said circuit breaker, which is actuated as soon as the current sensor (20) detects a current zero, said means preferably being mounted in the branches connecting the assistance circuit (10) to the input and output terminals (1, 3) of the super fast mechanism.
EP86202360A 1986-12-22 1986-12-22 Ultra-rapid circuit breaker assisted with semi-conductors Expired - Lifetime EP0272349B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86202360A EP0272349B1 (en) 1986-12-22 1986-12-22 Ultra-rapid circuit breaker assisted with semi-conductors
AT86202360T ATE89685T1 (en) 1986-12-22 1986-12-22 SEMICONDUCTOR ASSISTED ULTRA FAST SWITCH.
DE86202360T DE3688469T2 (en) 1986-12-22 1986-12-22 Ultra-fast switch supported by semiconductors.
ES198686202360T ES2040699T3 (en) 1986-12-22 1986-12-22 ULTRA-FAST CIRCUIT BREAKER ASSISTED BY SEMICONDUCTORS.
EP87870185A EP0275857A1 (en) 1986-12-22 1987-12-17 Ultra-rapid circuit breaker assisted with semi-conductors
US07/141,225 US4920448A (en) 1986-12-22 1988-01-06 Semiconductor-assisted ultra-fast contact breaker

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86202360A EP0272349B1 (en) 1986-12-22 1986-12-22 Ultra-rapid circuit breaker assisted with semi-conductors

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0272349A1 true EP0272349A1 (en) 1988-06-29
EP0272349B1 EP0272349B1 (en) 1993-05-19

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EP86202360A Expired - Lifetime EP0272349B1 (en) 1986-12-22 1986-12-22 Ultra-rapid circuit breaker assisted with semi-conductors
EP87870185A Withdrawn EP0275857A1 (en) 1986-12-22 1987-12-17 Ultra-rapid circuit breaker assisted with semi-conductors

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EP87870185A Withdrawn EP0275857A1 (en) 1986-12-22 1987-12-17 Ultra-rapid circuit breaker assisted with semi-conductors

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US (1) US4920448A (en)
EP (2) EP0272349B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE89685T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3688469T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2040699T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0275857A1 (en) 1988-07-27
EP0272349B1 (en) 1993-05-19
DE3688469T2 (en) 1993-10-28
ES2040699T3 (en) 1993-11-01
US4920448A (en) 1990-04-24
ATE89685T1 (en) 1993-06-15
DE3688469D1 (en) 1993-06-24

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