EP0270544A1 - Fluid propulsion device with conditioned inertia. - Google Patents
Fluid propulsion device with conditioned inertia.Info
- Publication number
- EP0270544A1 EP0270544A1 EP19860905309 EP86905309A EP0270544A1 EP 0270544 A1 EP0270544 A1 EP 0270544A1 EP 19860905309 EP19860905309 EP 19860905309 EP 86905309 A EP86905309 A EP 86905309A EP 0270544 A1 EP0270544 A1 EP 0270544A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- jet
- acceleration
- airfoil
- thrust
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H11/00—Marine propulsion by water jets
- B63H11/02—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water
- B63H11/10—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water having means for deflecting jet or influencing cross-section thereof
- B63H11/103—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water having means for deflecting jet or influencing cross-section thereof having means to increase efficiency of propulsive fluid, e.g. discharge pipe provided with means to improve the fluid flow
Definitions
- the Fluid Acceleration Body essentially consists of one or more hollow bodies of revolution, containing the fluid drive members, these elements being set in rotational movement by the action of one or more motor torques.
- this unit exerts a mainly centrifugal acceleration effect.
- the centrifugal force is essential to this spiral path of the molecules, and used to advantage for the ordonnan cer against the walls which accompany them as much as possible in their movement.
- the blades and drive members do not necessarily have steps like those of usual propellers and pumps. To communicate a centrifugal acceleration, they are advantageously axial. They point out, with the slip due to the near flow, the work of the blades of impellers. The flow is ensured by the support which takes the fluid on the flared surfaces and on the airfoil. However, the blades equipped with steps contribute advantageously to the priming of the flow, to its regulation, to a supercharging of the device if the overall acceleration is not too strong.
- the distribution of accelerated, conditioned fluid in the airfoil creates conditions different from those of a propeller encountering a fluid in nature. This is important for the cavitation problem.
- the fluid vein is no longer stretched, but only compressed, part of the sail surfaces receive the fluid without leading edge. blossoming of the airfoil, the multiplication of the fins, increasing the total surface, reduce the unit pressures.
- the Wing by its ability to make the trajectories tend towards the privileged direction which characterizes it, adapts its forms to the desired goal: reverse wing, lateral thrust, pumping wing.
- the same device having several wings the distribution is done by to each other by translation of the members for example.
- the l the suction is done in the opposite direction to the thrust and which advantageously produces an open frusto-conical jet, consisting of sufficiently numerous elementary jets, can, directing it against a wall, attach to it, thanks to this hydrodynamic suction cup.
- Overflowing members prevent the device from coming into contact with the wall, causing the interruption of the phenomenon.
- Jets forming a waterproof curtain, directed against solid or liquid surfaces, or other curtains, allow to participate in the partitioning of pressurized volumes, to bring the unalterable flexibility that may be necessary.
- a succession of curtains allows to add tolerable pressure differences for each of them .
- the device according to the invention makes it possible, by its principle, to dodge significant friction, there are still unnecessary, inevitable, penalizing effects.
- the care taken in drawing the profiles of hollow bodies, of blades and their distribution the care taken in polishing surfaces, in the use of lubricated or self-lubricating materials for the surfaces concerned, has an impact on performance.
- the best way to make the device according to the invention, shown in Fig. 1, consists of a streamlined marine propellant, of the hydro-jet type, fixed inside the ship, in which the acceleration of the fluid takes place in accordance with
- the acceleration member consists of a hollow body of revolution with a flared profile, offering an increasing internal diameter (1), carrying eight profiled axial blades (2), and a propeller with two blades. orientable (3).
- the vacuum which would be created in the center is streamlined, a shutter plate (5) closing this shroud (4).
- the shutter plate has its periphery secured to the hollow body, and fitted with orifices or passes the fluid.
- acceleration member forms an integral unit of the transmission axis coming to be centered in a bearing (6) integral with the airfoil. This member is wrapped. a fixed cover (7), crossed by the shaft at (8), the seal being ensured by a cable gland.
- This fairing open in the direction of the supply, fixed nozzle shape at (9), at the entry of the acceleration device.
- Semi-tight seals (10) and (10 bis) delimit an interstice provided with vents (11), allowing the water to be evacuated by centrifugation.
- the airfoil consists of a hollow body of revolution (13) centered on the same axis, made integral with the previous fairing, and fixed to the ship .
- the hollow body carries twelve decentrifugation fins (14) connected to the centering bearing.
- a conduit (15) passing behind a fin makes it possible to act on the pressure in the center.
- a cone (16) groups the tairas element jets to evacuate them outside.
- a folding return elbow (17) reverses the gait, the fins have been tilted so that the path of the accelerated fluid hitting them is in a plane perpendicular to their surface, and they have also been formed to cause the jets to converge. in the cone.
- the suction is arranged to work well whatever the speed reached. It is provided with grids limiting the size of the foreign bodies passing through the device. Evacuation is done at the rear of the ship, preferably in semi-immersion, allowing priming without requiring other arrangements.
- the existing technique offers the possibility of a step forward taking place inside the ship to evacuate, more easily in some cases, under the hull of the ship. It is important to provide the means of disassembly, cleaning, adjustment of the supply flow, safety valve.
- the main advantages being to have a remarkably constant thrust, whatever the speed taken by the ship, of a device which is not very dangerous, not very vulnerable, requiring little draft.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Pour offrir la possibilité d'accélérer un fluide le traversant en esquivant des frottements et des pertes de rendement importants, le dispositif suivant l'invention est essentiellement constitué et en combinaison de deux organes principaux: l'organe d'accélération, constitué de corps creux de révolution (1), contenant les aubages d'entraînement du fluide, (2) et (3), est un ensemble animé de vitesses de rotation destiné, en renonçant largement à produire un effet immédiat de poussée, à pouvoir s'allier la force centrifuge pour accroître dans de bonnes conditions l'énergie cinétique du fluide. La voilure (13) et (14), ayant ses surfaces soumises au fluide accéléré, réagit, dévie les trajectoires, les fait tendre vers une direction privilégiée, sous forme de jets élémentaires qui tendent à être décentrifugés, linéaires, homogènes, dociles pour contourner les moyeux, emprunter en se regroupant un conduit d'évacuation, ou fournir des effets hydrodynamiques spéciaux.To offer the possibility of accelerating a fluid passing therethrough by avoiding friction and significant losses in efficiency, the device according to the invention is essentially constituted and in combination of two main organs: the acceleration member, consisting of hollow bodies of revolution (1), containing the fluid drive vanes, (2) and (3), is an animated set of rotational speeds intended, by giving up largely to produce an immediate effect of thrust, to be able to ally the centrifugal force to increase the kinetic energy of the fluid under good conditions. The airfoil (13) and (14), having its surfaces subjected to the accelerated fluid, reacts, deviates the trajectories, makes them tend towards a preferred direction, in the form of elementary jets which tend to be decentrifuged, linear, homogeneous, docile to circumvent the hubs, borrow by combining an exhaust duct, or provide special hydrodynamic effects.
Description
Le dispositif, objet de l'invention, intitulé: " DISPOSITIF DE PROPULSION A INERTIE CONDITIONNEE DU FLUIDE ", est destina è accélérer un débit de fluide le traversant, pour produire une poussée, un jet peu pénalisant par les frottements, apte à produire les effets spéciaux décrits ultérieurement. The device, object of the invention, entitled: "PROPULSION DEVICE WITH CONDITIONAL INERTIA OF THE FLUID", is intended to accelerate a flow of fluid passing through it, to produce a thrust, a jet which is little penalizing by friction, capable of producing the special effects described later.
Les moyens existants de propulsion dans un fluide trouvent généralement leur force motrice par pression de surfaces d'aubages, (pales,avirons, ailettes, aubes, voiles...), sur le fluide tel qu'il se présente dans la nature.De nos jours le travail de propulsion est le plus souvent celui d'un couple moteur, transmis par arbre de transmission, engrenage, courroie, système hydraulique ou électrique, à un arbre porteur d'aubages.Dans le cas des anciennes roues à aubes, cet arbre est disposé en travers de la poussée.La poussée sur l'aubages est normale à sa surface plane, dans l'axe de la poussée motrice globale, sans glissement de l'eau.Solution simple, avantageuse, mais aussi encombrante et vulnérable, qui a été peu retenue.Dorénavant, l'arbre porteur d'aubages semble devoir se trouver dans l'axe de la poussés recherchée.Les aubages agissant de biais,avec glissement du fluide dû au mouvement de rotation.Les forces de réaction étant sensiblement perpendicullairss aux surfaces d'aubages,elles comportent donc une composante longitudinale, et une composante centrifuge.Les forces longitudinales constituent, s'ajoutant les unes aux autres, la poussée motrice. Les forces centrifuges s'annulent en s'équilibrent par symétrie.La forme, le pas des aubages, sont très adaptés aux conditions d'utilisation.Le pas des éléments de surface tient souvent compte de la distance à l'axe,certaines hélices ont des pales orientables.Les pales sont souvent inclinées sur l'arrière pour contenir l'évasion centrifuge des molécules et les accompagner dans leur mouvement en continuant de les accélérer .Etant donné le biais que doit prendre la pale pour mordre dans le fluide, le biais qui correspond à l'effort consacré è contenir l'évasion des molécules, la réaction sur la pale n'est que partiellement exploitée pour effet de poussée.Le bord d'attaque prend la fluidité en défaut, lorsque, la pression devenue trop grande,se forment ces poches de cavitation qui font chuter le rendement.Pour cette raison, on ne peut, à puissance égale, augmenter la vitesse de rotation, pour réduire les dimensions des aubages,L'idée de faire agir
progressivement, en deçà de la cavitation,une succession d' aubages, se heurte aux inconvénients de l'évasion et du brassage des molécules.Derrière les moteurs modernes:diésels rapides, turbines, s'interposent nécessairement d'importants et coûteux réducteurs,s'agissant de propulsion marine,et les hélices de forte puissance impliquent un tirant d'eau important.Le fluide accéléré par l'effet discontinu de l'hélice, est peu homogène, brassé, centrifugé, et confronté au fluide non accéléré dans le cas de l'hélice libre.L'installation de tuyères permet d'isoler le flux traité du milieu ambiant.En augmentant par leur forme, la pression intérieure, elles accroissent sous certaines conditions la poussée.Les propulseurs entièrement carénés sont lourdement pénalisés par les frottements qb'occasionne sur les carénages, un fluide centrifugé et brassé. Si le brassage de l'eau peut faire penser à la pressurisation d'un gaz, à un état favorable pour créer un jet, c'est en fait un gaspillage de frottements de molécules entre elles et sur les carénages. Pour éviter, à l'arrière des hélices, cette dépression qui occasionne la résistance de culot, un tel jet ne peut contourner les moyeux, emprunter un conduit qui se resserre, qu'au prix de frottements importants.Pour remédier plus avantageusement à cette résistance de culot, certains constructeurs ont recours aux gaz d'échappement du moteur, qu'ils évacuent par un conduit aménagé au centre des moyeux. Quelles que soient les améliorations réalisées ou à venir, le savoir faire accumulé que représente l'hélice, ces procédés, par leur principe même, sont d'un rendement limité.La force centrifuge qui leur est inhérente, les pénalise lourdement.The existing means of propulsion in a fluid generally find their driving force by pressure of blading surfaces (blades, oars, fins, blades, sails ...), on the fluid as it occurs in nature. Nowadays the propulsion work is most often that of a motor torque, transmitted by transmission shaft, gear, belt, hydraulic or electric system, to a shaft carrying blades. In the case of the old paddle wheels, this shaft is arranged across the thrust. The thrust on the blades is normal to its flat surface, in the axis of the overall driving thrust, without water sliding. Simple, advantageous solution, but also bulky and vulnerable, which has been little retained. From now on, the shaft carrying the blades seems to be in the axis of the desired thrusts. The blades acting at an angle, with fluid sliding due to the rotational movement. The reaction forces being appreciably perpendicular to the su Blading surfaces, they therefore comprise a longitudinal component, and a centrifugal component. The longitudinal forces constitute, adding to each other, the driving thrust. The centrifugal forces cancel each other out and balance each other out of symmetry.The shape, the pitch of the blades, are very suitable for the conditions of use.The pitch of the surface elements often takes into account the distance to the axis, some propellers have adjustable blades. The blades are often tilted on the back to contain the centrifugal escape of the molecules and to accompany them in their movement while continuing to accelerate them. Given the bias which the blade must take to bite into the fluid, the bias which corresponds to the effort devoted to contain the escape of molecules, the reaction on the blade is only partially exploited for pushing effect. The leading edge takes the fluidity in default, when, the pressure becomes too great, these cavitation pockets are formed which make the yield drop. For this reason, we cannot, at equal power, increase the speed of rotation, to reduce the dimensions of the blades, The idea of making act gradually, below the cavitation, a succession of blades, comes up against the disadvantages of the escape and the mixing of molecules. Behind modern engines: fast diesel, turbines, necessarily interpose important and expensive reducers, s '' acting marine propulsion, and the propellers of high power imply a significant draft. The fluid accelerated by the discontinuous effect of the propeller, is not very homogeneous, stirred, centrifuged, and confronted with the fluid not accelerated in the case of the free propeller. The installation of nozzles makes it possible to isolate the treated flow from the ambient environment. By increasing their shape, the internal pressure, they increase the thrust under certain conditions. The fully shrouded thrusters are heavily penalized by friction qsubmits on fairings, a centrifuged and stirred fluid. If the stirring of water can make one think of the pressurization of a gas, of a favorable state to create a jet, it is in fact a waste of friction of molecules between them and on the fairings. To avoid, at the rear of the propellers, this depression which causes the resistance of the base, such a jet can only bypass the hubs, use a conduit which tightens, only at the cost of significant friction. To remedy this resistance more advantageously some manufacturers use exhaust gases from the engine, which they evacuate through a conduit fitted in the center of the hubs. Regardless of the improvements made or to come, the accumulated know-how represented by the propeller, these processes, by their very principle, are of limited yield.The centrifugal force which is inherent to them, penalizes them heavily.
Aller dans le sens de conditions idéales d'accélération d'un fluide consiste à faire en sorte que:To go in the direction of ideal conditions of acceleration of a fluid consists in ensuring that:
-bien que le travail soit fourni par un couple moteur, la force centrifuge ne soit pas pénalisants.-although the work is provided by a motor torque, the centrifugal force is not penalizing.
-les molécules soumises à de mêmes contraintes, répondant par de mêmes trajectoires, il n'y ait plus brassage, mais fluide homogène.- molecules subject to the same constraints, responding by the same trajectories, there is no longer mixing, but homogeneous fluid.
-l'inertie communiquée à toutes les molécules soit utilisée à l'effet recherché, sans évasion possible.-the inertia communicated to all the molecules is used for the desired effect, without possible escape.
-les frottements soient évités ou atténués.- friction is avoided or reduced.
-l'action successive d'aubages sur un fluide progressivement accéléré soit passible.
La présente invention vise à retourner cette situation de la technique existante, qui n'est pas entièrement satisfaisante.Cela consiste à mettre de son côté la force centrifuge, pour créer les conditions d'une accélération plus progressive du fluide, esquiver des frottements importants par accompagnement des surfaces et meilleur confcournement des moyeux. Comme l'athlète qui lance le poids coordonne en un seul mouvement les impératifs de sa discipline, la pale d'hélice doit prendre appui de biais sur le fluide qu'elle attaque et accélère en contrant son évasion centrifuge,, en l'accompagnant dans son mouvement pour continuer de l'accélérer.A différer son lancer, l'athlète qui lance le marteau, trouve le moyen d'encore mieux accélérer son projectile.C'est avec une analogie certaine que ie dispositif suivant l'invention offre une autre manière d'accélérer un fluide.Du type propulseur caréné, il renonce pour une bonne part à créer un effet immédiat de poussée. Il choisit délibérément, s'alliant la force centrifuge, d'accélérer sur plusieurs tours.Cette première phase qui consiste à transformer le travail d'un ou plusieurs couples moteurs en énergie cinétique du fluide, se caractérise par le fait qu'elle accroit cette énergie cinétique. La seconde phase essentielle au procédé étant réalisée par la rencontre avec l'organe appelé "Voilure", de cette énergie relai qu'est le fluide accéléré, produisant ainsi l'effet recherché.La voilure se caractérise parle fait que ses surfaces, soumises de la part du fluide à pression, dépression, réagissent, déviant la trajectoire pour finalement la faire tendre vers une direction privilégiée.Soumise généralement à plusieurs jets issus de l'organe précédent, la voilure produit plusieurs jets élémentaires tendant à être décentrifugés, linéaires, homogènes, dociles pour être regroupés, contourner les moyeux, emprunter un conduit d'évacuation.-the successive action of blasting on a gradually accelerated fluid is liable. The present invention aims to reverse this situation of the existing technique, which is not entirely satisfactory. This consists in putting centrifugal force on its side, to create the conditions for a more gradual acceleration of the fluid, dodging significant friction by support for surfaces and better conversion of hubs. As the athlete who launches the weight coordinates in a single movement the imperatives of his discipline, the propeller blade must be supported obliquely on the fluid which it attacks and accelerates by countering its centrifugal escape, by accompanying it in its movement to continue to accelerate it. To postpone its throw, the athlete who launches the hammer, finds the means to accelerate its projectile even better. It is with a certain analogy that the device according to the invention offers another way of accelerating a fluid. Of the streamlined propellant type, it gives up a good part to create an immediate effect of thrust. It deliberately chooses, combining the centrifugal force, to accelerate on several turns. This first phase which consists in transforming the work of one or more driving couples into kinetic energy of the fluid, is characterized by the fact that it increases this kinetic energy. The second essential phase of the process being carried out by the meeting with the organ called "Wing", of this relay energy that is the accelerated fluid, thus producing the desired effect. The wing is characterized by the fact that its surfaces, subject to the part of the fluid under pressure, depression, react, deviating the trajectory to finally make it tend towards a preferred direction. Generally subject to several jets coming from the previous organ, the airfoil produces several elementary jets tending to be decentrifuged, linear, homogeneous , docile to be grouped, bypass the hubs, borrow a discharge pipe.
L'Organe d'Accélération du Fluide est essentiellement constitué d'un ou plusieurs corps creux de révolution, contenant les organes d'entraînement du fluide, ces éléments étant mis en mouvement de rotation par l'action d'un ou plusieurs couples moteurs.Par le jeu des vitesses de rotation et des diamètres croissants, cet ensemble exerce un effet d'accélération principalement centrifuge.Au lieu d'être pénalisante, la force centrifuge est essentielle à ce parcours en spirale des molécules, et mise à profit pour avantageusement les ordonnan
cer contre les parois qui les accompagnent autant que possible dans leur mouvement. On peut envisager de faire passer le débit de fluide en spirale d'un corps creux dans un autre qui ne serait pas centré sur le même axe, en s'aidant d'un carénage. Permettant ainsi de dévier, de décaler le débit global. Plus généralement ces corps creux sont centrés sur un même axe. Lorsqu'ils sont concentriques, cela réduit l'encombrement, le sens du débit est inversé à chaque passage d'un corps creux dans un autre de diamètre supérieur.Les aubages et organes d'entrainement n'ont pas nécessairement de pas comme ceux des hélices et des pompes usuelles.Pour communiquer une accélération centrifuge, ils sont avantageusement axiaux. Ils rappellent, au glissement dû au débit près, le travail des aubes de roues à aubes.Le débit est assuré par l'appui que prend le fluide sur les surfaces évasées et sur la voilure.Cependant des aubages dotés de pas contribuent avantageusement à l' amorçage du débit, à sa régulation, è une suralimentation du dispositif si l"accélération globale n'est pas trop poussée. Dans le cas contraire, ils peuvent nuire en entravant le débit, et s'ils existent, il est bon de les avoir rendus escamotables. Un volet obturateur réglable permet aussi de contrôler le débit et par conséquent le couple résistant.Le vide laissé au centre de l'organe d'accélération par la centrifugation, l'accroissement des diamètres intérieurs, l'accélération longitudinale du fluide tend à créer un retour de fluide par l' arrière dans les organes d'accélération, généralement pas souhaitable.Cet espace est caréné en tenant compte des paramèttres qui le déterminent, ou pressurisé en s'en donnant les moyens On aménage pour ce faire un conduit par le centre des moyeux ou traversant la voilure ou le jet.Les gaz d'échappement du moteur peuvent être évacués de cette manière. Il faut noter que si le jet est regroupé dans un conduit qui en se rétrécisa sant ne laisse pour orifice que le nécessaire, le retour ne se fait plus.The Fluid Acceleration Body essentially consists of one or more hollow bodies of revolution, containing the fluid drive members, these elements being set in rotational movement by the action of one or more motor torques. By the play of the speeds of rotation and the increasing diameters, this unit exerts a mainly centrifugal acceleration effect. Instead of being penalizing, the centrifugal force is essential to this spiral path of the molecules, and used to advantage for the ordonnan cer against the walls which accompany them as much as possible in their movement. One can consider passing the fluid flow in a spiral from a hollow body into another which would not be centered on the same axis, with the help of a fairing. Thus allowing to deviate, to shift the overall flow. More generally, these hollow bodies are centered on the same axis. When they are concentric, this reduces the bulk, the direction of flow is reversed with each passage of a hollow body into another of larger diameter. The blades and drive members do not necessarily have steps like those of usual propellers and pumps. To communicate a centrifugal acceleration, they are advantageously axial. They point out, with the slip due to the near flow, the work of the blades of impellers. The flow is ensured by the support which takes the fluid on the flared surfaces and on the airfoil. However, the blades equipped with steps contribute advantageously to the priming of the flow, to its regulation, to a supercharging of the device if the overall acceleration is not too strong. Otherwise, they can harm by obstructing the flow, and if they exist, it is good to A retractable shutter flap also makes it possible to control the flow and therefore the resistive torque. The vacuum left in the center of the acceleration member by centrifugation, the increase in internal diameters, the longitudinal acceleration of the fluid. tends to create a return of fluid from the rear in the acceleration organs, generally not desirable. This space is streamlined taking into account the parameters which determine it, or pressurized e n by giving oneself the means To do this, a duct is laid out through the center of the hubs or passing through the airfoil or the jet. The exhaust gases from the engine can be evacuated in this way. It should be noted that if the jet is grouped in a conduit which narrows by leaving only an orifice for what is necessary, the return is no longer made.
La distribution du fluide accéléré, conditionné, dans la voilure, crée des conditions différentes de celles d'une hélice rencontrant un fluide dans la nature.C'est important pour le problème de cavitation.La veine fluide ne se trouve plus étirée, mais seulement comprimée, Une partie des surfaces de voilure reçoivent le fluide sans bord d'attaque.La forme
épanouie de la voilure, la multiplication des ailettes, augmentant la surface totale, réduisent les pressions unitaires. En permettant au fluide d'être plus accéléré, le dispositif s'accomode mieux de vitesses de rotation élevées. La Voilure, par sa faculté de faire tendre les trajectoires vers la direction privilégiée qui la caractérise, adapte ses formes au but recherché:voilure de marche arrière, de poussée latérale, de pompage.Un même dispositif ayant plusieurs voilures, la distribution se fait de l'une à l'autre par translation des organes par exemple.L'emploi de corps creux de révolution porteurs d'ailettes est souhaitable pour les éléments destinés à être animés d'un mouvement de rotation; La voilure peut être partiellement fixe ou entièrement fixe. Si elle admet un axe de symétrie,, le jet de section annulaire est de forme troncônique ouverte au fermée, ou cylindrique. Devenant dissymétrique pour faciliter l'installation à bord, la voilure permet de dévier le jet ou de l'excentrer. On peut aussi lui demander un ou plusieurs alignements de jets élémentaires adjacents pour former un rideau destiné à être étanche au permettre un arrosage en pluie pour lutter contre des pollutions radioactives.A l'arrière de la voilure, un jet fermé de section annulaire met en évidence la faculté d'un tel rideau de maintenir la différence de pression exercée de part et d'autre par des fluides.Les molécules rencontrant ce rideau sont entraînées et évacuées.Le centre est mis en dépression s'il n'est pas caréné ou pressurisé de la même manière que pour l'organe précédent.Dans un cas rudimentaire de réalisation d'un dispositif suivant l'invention, constitué d'un cône en rotation autour de son axe, totalement ou partiellement immergé, sa surface interne constituant à la fois et en combinaison l'organe d'accélération et la voilure, le jet produit est un fim troncônique ouvert.Dirigé contre une paroi, il délimite un espace en dépression, le fluide étant aspiré au centre et évacué par le jet.A moins d'une certaine distance de la paroi, l'aspiration devient prépondérante sur la poussée, le dispositif forme ventouse.Un plongeur sous-marin qui utilise un dispositif conforme à l'invention dont l'aspiration se fait en sens inverse de la poussée et qui produit avantageusement un jet troncônique ouvert, constitué de jets élémentaires suffisamment nombreux, peut, le dirigeant contre une paroi,
s'y fixer, grâce à cette ventouse hydrodynamique.Des organes débordeurs évitent que le dispositif ne vienne en cantact avec la paroi, provoquer l'interruption du phénomène.Des jets formant rideau étanche, dirigés contre des surfaces solides ou liquides, ou d'autres rideaux, permettent de participer au cloisonnement de volumes pressurisés, d'apporter la souplesse inaltérable pouvant être nécessaire.Comme pour les jupes de coussins d'air, une succession de rideaux permet d'ajouter des différences de pression tolérables pour chacun d'eux. Dans le cas d'un navire catamaran, par exemple, la surface de l'eau, le pont, les deux coques, ainsi qu'un cloisonnement avant et arrière complété par de tels rideaux, constitué un volume pressurisable, permettant d'alléger le navire de tout ou partie de son poids, pour mieux le propulser.Les jets ayant joué ce rôle, s'ils rencontrent pour y être déviés, des surfaces profilées solidaires du navire, peuvent encore participer à la propulsion.Ces surfaces peuvent appartenir à des patins à effet hydrodynamique.Les jets formant de tels rideaux n'ont pas nécessairement été accélérés conformément à l' invention, que ce soit pour une partie d'entre eux ou en totalité.The distribution of accelerated, conditioned fluid in the airfoil creates conditions different from those of a propeller encountering a fluid in nature. This is important for the cavitation problem. The fluid vein is no longer stretched, but only compressed, part of the sail surfaces receive the fluid without leading edge. blossoming of the airfoil, the multiplication of the fins, increasing the total surface, reduce the unit pressures. By allowing the fluid to be more accelerated, the device better accommodates high rotational speeds. The Wing, by its ability to make the trajectories tend towards the privileged direction which characterizes it, adapts its forms to the desired goal: reverse wing, lateral thrust, pumping wing. The same device having several wings, the distribution is done by to each other by translation of the members for example. The use of hollow bodies of revolution carrying fins is desirable for the elements intended to be driven in a rotational movement; The wing can be partially fixed or entirely fixed. If it has an axis of symmetry, the jet of annular section is of frustoconical shape open to closed, or cylindrical. Becoming asymmetrical to facilitate installation on board, the wing allows the jet to be deflected or offset. We can also ask it one or more alignments of adjacent elementary jets to form a curtain intended to be waterproof to allow watering in rain to fight against radioactive pollution. At the rear of the wing, a closed jet of annular section highlights evidence the ability of such a curtain to maintain the pressure difference exerted on both sides by fluids. The molecules meeting this curtain are entrained and evacuated. The center is put in depression if it is not faired or pressurized in the same way as for the previous member. In a rudimentary case of making a device according to the invention, consisting of a cone in rotation about its axis, totally or partially submerged, its internal surface constituting at the times and in combination with the accelerator and the airfoil, the jet produced is an open frusto-conical film. Directed against a wall, it delimits a space in depression, the fluid being sucked in the center and evacuated by the jet. Within a certain distance from the wall, the suction becomes preponderant over the thrust, the device forms a suction cup. An underwater diver using a device according to the invention, the l the suction is done in the opposite direction to the thrust and which advantageously produces an open frusto-conical jet, consisting of sufficiently numerous elementary jets, can, directing it against a wall, attach to it, thanks to this hydrodynamic suction cup. Overflowing members prevent the device from coming into contact with the wall, causing the interruption of the phenomenon. Jets forming a waterproof curtain, directed against solid or liquid surfaces, or other curtains, allow to participate in the partitioning of pressurized volumes, to bring the unalterable flexibility that may be necessary. As for the air cushion skirts, a succession of curtains allows to add tolerable pressure differences for each of them . In the case of a catamaran ship, for example, the surface of the water, the deck, the two hulls, as well as a front and aft partitioning supplemented by such curtains, constituted by a pressurizable volume, making it possible to lighten the ship of all or part of its weight, to better propel it. The jets having played this role, if they meet to be diverted there, profiled surfaces integral with the ship, can still participate in the propulsion. These surfaces can belong to skids with a hydrodynamic effect. The jets forming such curtains have not necessarily been accelerated in accordance with the invention, whether for part or all of them.
Même si le dispositif suivant l'invention permet par son principe d'esquiver des frottements importants, il en subsiste d'inutiles, inévitables, pénalisants.De même que le soin apporté au dessin des profils de corps creux, d 'aubages et è leur répartition, le soin apporté au polissage des surfaces, à l'emploi de matériaux lubrifiés ou auto lubrifiants pour les surfaces concernées, a une incidence sur le rendement. La meilleure manière de réaliser le dispositif suivant l'invention, représenté Fig.1, consiste en un propulseur caréné marin, de type hydro-jet, fixé à l'intérieur du navire, dans lequel l'accélération du fluide s'effectue conformément à l'invention.L'organe d'accélération est constitué d'un corps creux de révolution au profil évasé, offrant un diamètre intérieur croissant (1), porteur de huit aubages axiaux profilés (2), et d'une hélice à deux pales orientables (3). La vide qui serait créé au centre est caréné, une plaque d'obturation (5) fermant ce carénage (4).La plaque d'obturation a sa périphérie solidaire du corps creux, et aménagée d'orifices ou passe le fluide.L'organe d'accélération forme un ensemble solidaire
de l'axe de transmission venant se centrer dans un palier (6) solidaire de la voilure.Cet organe est enveloppé. d'un carébage fixe (7), traversé par l'arbre en (8), l'étanchéité étant assurée par presse-étoupe.Ce carénage ouvert en direction de l'alimentation, forme tuyère fixe en (9), à l'entrée de l'organe d'accélération.Des joints semi-étanches (10) et (10 bis) délimitent un interstice muni d'éveπts (11), permettant à l'eau de s'évacuer par centrifugation.Une arrivée d'air (12) permettant le remplacement de l'eau évacuée par de l'air réduisant les frottements.La voilure est constituée d'un corps creux de révolution (13)centré sur le même axe, rendu solidaire du carénage précédent, et fixé au navire.Le corps creux est porteur de douze ailettes de décentrifugation (14) reliées au palier de centrage. Un conduit (15) passant derrière une ailette permet d'agir sur la pression au centre. Un cône (16) regroupe les jets élément tairas pour les évacuer à l'extérieur. Un coude de renvoi rabattable (17) permet d'inverser la marche.Les ailettes ont été inclinées pour que la trajectoire du fluide accéléré qui les frappe soit dans un plan perpendiculaire à leur surface.Elles ont aussi été formées pour provoquer la convergence des jets dans le cône.Comme pour toute installa tion de ce type, l'aspiration est disposée de façon à bien fonctionner quelle que soit la vitesse atteinte.Elle est munie de grilles limitant par la taille les corps étrangers traversant le dispositif. L'évacuation se fait à l'arrière du navire, de préférence en semi-immersion, permettant l'amorçage sans nécessiter d'autres dispositions.La technique existante offre la possibilité d'un renvoi de marche s' effectuant à l'intérieur du navire pour évacuer, plus facilement dans certains cas, sous la coque du navire. Il est important de prévoir les moyens de démontage, nettoyage, réglage du débit d'alimentation, vanne de sécurité. Les avantages principaux étant de disposer d'une pouséée remarquablement constante, quelle que soit la vitesse prise par le navire, d'un dispositif peu dangereux, peu vulnérable, nécessitant peu de tirant d'eau.Une telle faculté de pompage, détournée vers la cale, permet le déballastage,de lutter contre une voie d'eau. Le jet orientable ou dirigé sur des surfaces orientables assure la gouverne.
D'autres applications industrielles consistent en l'installation de propulseurs latéraux, au remplacement d'une hélice, particulièrement sur des moteurs hors-bord, ou sur des jouets pour qu'ils soient inoffeπsifs. fiais également à l'aval d'une hélice existante, l' organe d'accélération étant solidaire ou indépendant de l'hélice, pour en isolant le flux de l'hélice, traiter tout ou partie du flux, exploitable sur la voilure. Ou sur une embarcation, être une pompe amovible, portable, orientable qui, lorsque la gaffe ne peut prendre appui sur un quai, fournit les quelques impulsions, è forte puissance, pour aider la manoeuvre.Un récipient sur le pont rendant l'amorçage plus facile. L'accélération d'autres fluides, principalement de l(air, constitue un domaine important d'applications industrielles, et aussi la manutention de grains dans les silos.
Even if the device according to the invention makes it possible, by its principle, to dodge significant friction, there are still unnecessary, inevitable, penalizing effects. As is the care taken in drawing the profiles of hollow bodies, of blades and their distribution, the care taken in polishing surfaces, in the use of lubricated or self-lubricating materials for the surfaces concerned, has an impact on performance. The best way to make the device according to the invention, shown in Fig. 1, consists of a streamlined marine propellant, of the hydro-jet type, fixed inside the ship, in which the acceleration of the fluid takes place in accordance with The acceleration member consists of a hollow body of revolution with a flared profile, offering an increasing internal diameter (1), carrying eight profiled axial blades (2), and a propeller with two blades. orientable (3). The vacuum which would be created in the center is streamlined, a shutter plate (5) closing this shroud (4). The shutter plate has its periphery secured to the hollow body, and fitted with orifices or passes the fluid. acceleration member forms an integral unit of the transmission axis coming to be centered in a bearing (6) integral with the airfoil. This member is wrapped. a fixed cover (7), crossed by the shaft at (8), the seal being ensured by a cable gland. This fairing open in the direction of the supply, fixed nozzle shape at (9), at the entry of the acceleration device. Semi-tight seals (10) and (10 bis) delimit an interstice provided with vents (11), allowing the water to be evacuated by centrifugation. (12) allowing the replacement of the water evacuated by air reducing friction. The airfoil consists of a hollow body of revolution (13) centered on the same axis, made integral with the previous fairing, and fixed to the ship .The hollow body carries twelve decentrifugation fins (14) connected to the centering bearing. A conduit (15) passing behind a fin makes it possible to act on the pressure in the center. A cone (16) groups the tairas element jets to evacuate them outside. A folding return elbow (17) reverses the gait, the fins have been tilted so that the path of the accelerated fluid hitting them is in a plane perpendicular to their surface, and they have also been formed to cause the jets to converge. in the cone. As with any installation of this type, the suction is arranged to work well whatever the speed reached. It is provided with grids limiting the size of the foreign bodies passing through the device. Evacuation is done at the rear of the ship, preferably in semi-immersion, allowing priming without requiring other arrangements. The existing technique offers the possibility of a step forward taking place inside the ship to evacuate, more easily in some cases, under the hull of the ship. It is important to provide the means of disassembly, cleaning, adjustment of the supply flow, safety valve. The main advantages being to have a remarkably constant thrust, whatever the speed taken by the ship, of a device which is not very dangerous, not very vulnerable, requiring little draft. Such a faculty of pumping, diverted towards the wedge, allows deballasting, to fight against a waterway. The adjustable jet or directed on orientable surfaces provides the control surface. Other industrial applications consist of installing lateral thrusters, replacing a propeller, particularly on outboard motors, or on toys so that they are harmless. also downstream of an existing propeller, the acceleration member being integral or independent of the propeller, to isolate the flow of the propeller, treat all or part of the flow, usable on the wing. Or on a boat, be a removable, portable, orientable pump which, when the boat hook cannot bear on a quay, provides the few pulses, at high power, to help the maneuver. A container on the deck making priming more easy. The acceleration of other fluids, mainly air, is an important area of industrial applications, and also the handling of grain in silos.
Claims
1. Dispositif destiné à accélérer un débit de fluide le traversant caractérisé en ce que constitué essentiellement et en combinaison d'un organe d'accélération et d'une voilure. L'organe d'accélération est constitué d'un ou plusieurs corps creux de révolution et d'organes d'entrainement du fluide. Ces éléments en rotation forment un ensemble en rotation, destiné à accroître l'énergie cinétique du fluide, en lui communiquant une accélération progressive, en bonne partie centrifuge.La voilure est constituée essentiellement d'un ensemble de surfaces telles que soumises au fluide eccéléré distribué par l'organe précédent, elles réagissent, dévient les trajectoires, pour finalement les faire tendre vers une direction privilégiée, sous forme de jets élémentaires, tendant à être décentrifugés, linéaires. 1. Device intended to accelerate a flow of fluid passing through it, characterized in that it consists essentially and in combination of an acceleration member and a wing. The acceleration member consists of one or more hollow bodies of revolution and fluid drive members. These rotating elements form a rotating assembly, intended to increase the kinetic energy of the fluid, by imparting to it a progressive acceleration, largely centrifugal. The airfoil consists essentially of a set of surfaces such as subjected to the distributed accelerated fluid by the previous organ, they react, divert the trajectories, to finally make them tend towards a privileged direction, in the form of elementary jets, tending to be decentrifuged, linear.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication (1), caractérisé en ce que il a été remédié aux dépressions dommageables crées au centre du dispositif, par carénage, pressurisation.2. Device according to claim (1), characterized in that it has been remedied the damaging depressions created in the center of the device, by fairing, pressurization.
3. Dispositif selon les revendications (1) e (2), caractérisé en ce que le jet global a été regroupé dans un conduit allant se rétrécissant, muni d'un système pour inverser la poussée.3. Device according to claims (1) e (2), characterized in that the overall jet has been grouped in a conduit going narrowing, provided with a system for reversing the thrust.
4. Dispositif selon les revendications (1) et (2), caractérisé en ce que disposant de plusieurs voilures.4. Device according to claims (1) and (2), characterized in that having several wings.
5. Dispositif selon les revendications (i) et. (2), caractérisé en ce que portatif et orientable. 5. Device according to claims (i) and. (2), characterized in that portable and adjustable.
6. Dispositif selon la revendication (1), caractérisé en ce que aspirant en sens inverse de la poussée, produisant un jet troncônique ouvert, faisant ventouse contre une paroi.6. Device according to claim (1), characterized in that sucking in the opposite direction of the push, producing an open frusto-conical jet, making a suction cup against a wall.
7. Dispositif selon les revendications (1) et (2), caractérisé en ce que sa voilure produit un ou plusieurs alignements de j jetβ élémentaires formant rideau étanche à la pression de fluides.7. Device according to claims (1) and (2), characterized in that its airfoil produces one or more alignments of j elementary j jet forming curtain tight to the pressure of fluids.
8. Dispositif selon la revendication (7) caractérisé en ce que contribuant au cloisonnement d ' un volume pressurisé .8. Device according to claim (7) characterized in that contributing to the partitioning of a pressurized volume.
9. Dispositif selon les revendications (1) et (2) .caractérisé en ce que disposé à l'aval d'une hélice existante. 9. Device according to claims (1) and (2) .Characterized in that disposed downstream of an existing propeller.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT86905309T ATE60018T1 (en) | 1985-09-05 | 1986-09-02 | PROPULSION DEVICE WITH DIRECTIONAL FLUID INERTIA. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8513312 | 1985-09-05 | ||
| FR8513312A FR2586645B1 (en) | 1985-09-05 | 1985-09-05 | FLUID CONDITIONED INERTIA PROPULSION DEVICE |
| FR8600831 | 1986-01-20 | ||
| FR8600831A FR2593138B2 (en) | 1985-09-05 | 1986-01-20 | FLUID CONDITIONED INERTIA PROPULSION DEVICE. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0270544A1 true EP0270544A1 (en) | 1988-06-15 |
| EP0270544B1 EP0270544B1 (en) | 1991-01-16 |
Family
ID=26224708
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19860905309 Expired - Lifetime EP0270544B1 (en) | 1985-09-05 | 1986-09-02 | Fluid propulsion device with conditioned inertia |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0270544B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3677021D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2593138B2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1987001353A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6527520B2 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2003-03-04 | Jonathan B. Rosefsky | Ribbon drive pumping with centrifugal contaminant removal |
| US6626638B2 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2003-09-30 | Jonathan B. Rosefsky | Ribbon drive power generation for variable flow conditions |
| WO2001009486A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2001-02-08 | Rosefsky Jonathan B | Ribbon drive power generation apparatus and method |
| ES2407904B1 (en) * | 2010-10-13 | 2014-09-02 | Fº JAVIER PORRAS VILA | SUBMARINE-PLANE |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1498919A (en) * | 1923-06-19 | 1924-06-24 | Jensen Harald | Hydraulic propulsion arrangement for ships |
| GB1011203A (en) * | 1961-08-09 | 1965-11-24 | F E Parsons Corp | Marine craft propelling device |
| FR1408168A (en) * | 1963-10-08 | 1965-08-13 | Hydrodynamic propeller with helical wheel and radial translation, allowing the reversal of the direction of propulsion | |
| US3405526A (en) * | 1967-03-01 | 1968-10-15 | Twin Disc Inc | Multiple stage, hydraulic jet propulsion apparatus for water craft |
| DE1901374A1 (en) * | 1969-01-13 | 1970-10-01 | Hermann Ebner | Water jet propulsion for watercraft |
| US3678689A (en) * | 1970-09-04 | 1972-07-25 | Samford P Ishiwata | Submerged multistage pump usable as propulsion unit |
| GB1319044A (en) * | 1972-02-25 | 1973-05-31 | Hodgson D | Pneumatic turbine propulsion unit for vessels |
| IT987301B (en) * | 1973-01-25 | 1975-02-20 | Generali Vittorio | JET PUMP FOR SMALL BOATS |
| US3970030A (en) * | 1975-09-25 | 1976-07-20 | Rockwell International Corporation | Internal thrust reverser |
| DE2625818A1 (en) * | 1976-06-09 | 1977-12-22 | Rockwell International Corp | Axial flow conical hub pump impeller in housing - has relative flow direction at plus or minus 0.5 degrees to suction side of leading blade tip edge |
-
1986
- 1986-01-20 FR FR8600831A patent/FR2593138B2/en not_active Expired
- 1986-09-02 EP EP19860905309 patent/EP0270544B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-09-02 DE DE8686905309T patent/DE3677021D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-09-02 WO PCT/FR1986/000294 patent/WO1987001353A1/en active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO8701353A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0270544B1 (en) | 1991-01-16 |
| FR2593138B2 (en) | 1988-03-18 |
| DE3677021D1 (en) | 1991-02-21 |
| FR2593138A2 (en) | 1987-07-24 |
| WO1987001353A1 (en) | 1987-03-12 |
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