EP0260989B1 - Brauchwasserspeicher - Google Patents

Brauchwasserspeicher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0260989B1
EP0260989B1 EP87308291A EP87308291A EP0260989B1 EP 0260989 B1 EP0260989 B1 EP 0260989B1 EP 87308291 A EP87308291 A EP 87308291A EP 87308291 A EP87308291 A EP 87308291A EP 0260989 B1 EP0260989 B1 EP 0260989B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
volume
region
air
hot water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP87308291A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0260989A2 (de
EP0260989A3 (en
Inventor
Products Ltd. Ventank
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ventank Products Ltd
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0260989A2 publication Critical patent/EP0260989A2/de
Publication of EP0260989A3 publication Critical patent/EP0260989A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0260989B1 publication Critical patent/EP0260989B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/08—Arrangements for drainage, venting or aerating
    • F24D19/082—Arrangements for drainage, venting or aerating for water heating systems
    • F24D19/083—Venting arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/208—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes with tubes filled with heat transfer fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/12—Arrangements for connecting heaters to circulation pipes
    • F24H9/13—Arrangements for connecting heaters to circulation pipes for water heaters
    • F24H9/139—Continuous flow heaters

Definitions

  • This invention concerns domestic hot water storage cylinders and heating systems incorporating such cylinders.
  • the principle of heating water for domestic purposes has in the majority of residences become merged with heating the rooms by water-filled radiators by a single heat source.
  • the medium of water serves to heat both (1) the domestic hot water, and (2) the central heating radiators. It is necessary to keep the water in these services physically separate by e.g. means of a heat exchange device.
  • the water in the domestic services is to be kept clean and uncontaminated by the normally dirty radiator water.
  • the central heating water should be kept inert and unaffected by dissolved air normally present in the domestic water services.
  • GB-A-2 001 740 provided a system for avoiding this duplication so that one set of services could be utilised for both (1) the domestic hot water, and (2) the central heating system.
  • the patented system relies upon dissolved air naturally found in water and its release upon heating.
  • the air is collected in a vessel to keep the secondary domestic water separate from the primary central heating water.
  • domestic hot water storage and central heating systems may now require (a) an inlet water pressure regulating valve, (b) a pressure relief valve, and (c) a temperature relief valve (preferably including an anti-vacuum function).
  • a pressure regulating valve preferably including an anti-vacuum function
  • a temperature relief valve preferably including an anti-vacuum function
  • Such mechanical safety controls form part of the unvented domestic hot water system, the primary central heating system being physically and mechanically separate.
  • the 'sealed' central heating system has been in use in this country for some time with certain drawbacks.
  • This type of system because it has no open vent to atmosphere, requires an expansion vessel to accommodate expansion and contraction of the primary heating system. Pressure exerted within the primary system seeks out the weakest points of minor leakage, e.g. the packing gland of radiator valves.
  • the sealed system hitherto used does not have a permanent facility for replenishing lost water.
  • the primary system only has to loose a 'cup' of water per week to be a failure.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a cylinder and system in which the unvented domestic hot water system can be combined with the sealed central heating system.
  • the mechanical safety control mechanisms may serve both services with savings in cost and service maintenance.
  • a domestic hot water cylinder for use with a sealed central heating (CH) system and an unvented hot water (HW) system supplied with water from a regulated pressure source, characterised in that in an upright position the cylinder is in the form of a self-contained enclosed fluid containment vessel internally defining a first volume forming an indirect HW cylinder and integral expansion tank and having a header region for storing air surmounting a region for storing water, the water storing region incorporating heater means for heating stored water and for thereby releasing dissolved air from said water whereby to fill the header region with air, first upper port means adjacent the top of the water storing region for delivering stored fluid to the exterior of the vessel and second lower port means remote from the top of the water storing region for receiving water to be stored from the exterior of the vessel; a second volume forming a CH system expansion tank and having a header region for storing air surmounting a region for storing water, said second volume comprising an auto air vent means arranged to enable venting of the second
  • This invention eliminates the need for a separate expansion vessel by providing integral volumes or chambers for accommodating expansion and contraction of both the domestic store of hot water, and also the primary central heating system.
  • the invention may provide 'make-up' water to the primary heating system which may be required from e.g. minor leakages.
  • the invention may allow the pressure exerted on both the domestic stored water and the primary heating circuits to be equal. Both services may be influenced equally by the pressure entering from the street mains through a pressure reducing valve. This valve may be pre-set at any required in-put pressure, e.g. 0.45 BAR (4.5 x 104 Newtons per square metre).
  • the pressure relief valve when fitted to the cylinder may be set at any required break pressure, e.g. only 1 BAR (105 Newtons per square metre). In practice this means that the normal operating pressure on both the domestic hot water service and also the central heating system would be equivalent to an ordinary two storey house, traditionally with a high level storage cistern in the attic.
  • the invention is designed to exploit the release of 'dissolved air' naturally found in water and to use this as a functional component. The invention may render the primary system inert, removing the dissolved air from the central heating system, and maintaining such status.
  • the pysical volume of the vessel capable of maintaining an air seal is substantially enhanced compared to the system described in GB-A-2 001 740 at minimal cost insofar as the second volume may be defined by a transverse partitioning walls through which at least one duct extends allowing communication between parts of the water storing region of the first volume located above and below the second volume, and the upper and lower chambers so formed can be simply provided as a short extension of the relatively large diameter cylinder normally used for conventional hot water storage systems.
  • Suitable cylinders for use in the present invention include, for example, a standard BSS1566 Indirect Cylinder, or BSS699 Direct Cylinder. It will be appreciated from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment, that the upper part of a standard hot water cylinder can be modified so as to provide the air collecting header volume(s).
  • the storage cylinder 1 is fed by direct mains through stop valve 20 and strainer 19 to pressure regulating valve 13.
  • the pressure reducing valve can be pre-set to the required out-put pressure.
  • a cold water supply outlet 17 which has the advantage of equalizing the input pressure to both the hot and cold household supply - with a resulting advantage in the function of these services, particularly the operation of a hot and cold shower.
  • a non-return valve 14 This is to prevent back-pressure into the main supply, which would result from expansion of the stored hot water during heating.
  • the bulk of the hot water is contained within the storage cylinder compartment "A". Constructed integrally within the upper interior of the cylinder are the two adjacent chambers - the lower serving as the primary expansion chamber “B", the upper expansion chamber “C” serving as secondary domestic supply service.
  • Lower chamber “B” is defined by the cylinder space contained between base 2 extending the full internal width of the cylinder and partitioning wall 3 also extending the full width of the cylinder 1.
  • the upper chamber “C” is defined by the cylinder space between partitioning wall 3 and the internal roof 4, comprising a conventional domed top.
  • the chambers are in communication but in a manner to separate the primary central heating water from the secondary 'draw-off' hot water supply, the internal pressure on both sides of these 'separating' chambers being equal, and not requiring to sustain any pressure differential between them.
  • the whole of the hot water storage vessel is contained within the cylinder 1. This will usually be constructed to the pressure requirements of BS1566 or BSS699 - in accordance with the grade calling for respective operating pressure.
  • the main water storage chamber or compartment "A” is in communication with the upper chamber”C" by means of a secondary duct 5, which transcommunicates from compartment “A” to chamber “C", without communicating with the intervening lower chamber "B".
  • a primary duct 6 extends upwardly from the partitioning wall 3 to open communication with the top of chamber “C” and spaced from the roof 4.
  • a further secondary duct 7 extends downwardly from the partitioning wall 3 through chamber “B” but not in communication therewith towards the cylinder base within main storage compartment "A".
  • the upper chamber “C” provides the domestic hot water storage/supply, being intercommunicated through duct which is an open tube, to the main (domestic) storage compartment "A".
  • This upper chamber provides a hot water draw-off 8 at a point adjacent the partitioning wall to the household fittings.
  • a pressure relief valve 9 incorporating an external discharge pipe and preferably also an anti-vacuum device.
  • Chamber “B” provides primary central heating supply.
  • Adjacent base 2 is the connection 10 suitable for primary heating circuit, see Figure 2.
  • an automatic air vent 11 for example, the type sold under the Trade Mark “Purg-O-Mat” formed and arranged for automatic closing by the rising water after completion of venting.
  • a coiled copper tubular heat exchanger is shown at 16 (Figure 1) for connection to the primary heating circuit, incorporating pump 18 (Figure 2), boiler flow line “F”, boiler return line “G”, heating flow line “D” and heating return line “E”.
  • the air vent 11 continues to vent air and the water level in chamber "C" rises until it reaches the top of the primary duct 6, the automatic air vent 9a having been closed by the water level rising above it. This water then spills over this tube 6 and pours into the lower (primary water) chamber “B".
  • the water in the primary storage vessel “B” continues to fill, and water from this pour through the primary connection 10 to fill the entire primary central heating system, which includes the boiler and radiator system (not shown).
  • the primary heating system continues to fill while the automatic air vent 11 continues to expel air. Eventually the water fills the entire primary system and the water level then rises in the primary chamber "B", so that water then enters the auto-vent 11 raising the automatic air vent float control and so preventing further air expulsion.
  • the chamber "C” can be primed with atmospheric air by a manual process, e.g. the cold water control stop valve from the street mains is temporarily turned off.
  • the pressure release valve 9 in “C” is then manually opened, being fitted with a manual operating level for this purpose.
  • the water in “C” then drains out through the discharge pipe attached to the pressure relief valve, while simultaneously the anti-vacuum valve opens and draws atmospheric air into “C”.
  • the street mains control stop valve can then be turned on. The effect of this manual action is to artificially fill the upper section of "C” with a cushion of air.
  • chamber “C” is designed to accumulate air expelled from the water which would otherwise be continually present in the stored domestic hot water in compartment "A”. As this stored hot water is continually heated and replaced there is a continuous release of dissolved air which rises by its own bouyancy from compartment "A”, and passes through the secondary duct 5 into “C”. The accumulation of this air in "C”, together with the previously 'trapped' atmospheric air in the lower chamber "B”, is important to functional operation.
  • Air is compressible, and this acts as an air cushion, to accommodate the expansion and contraction in both the primary and secondary water systems.
  • the physical size of chambers "B” and “C” can be varied by an accommodation in the height of the cylinder wall. The diameters correspond to that of the cylinder itself.
  • the actual dimensions can be determined by an assessment of the amount of expansion volume which will result from heating both the primary central heating system, and also the stored domestic hot water in compartment "A". It has been assessed that both the primary and secondary water volumes have to allow for an increase in volume due to heating of some 4% of volume. Since air is compressible, while water is not, it is therefore a function of the air cushion in both chambers "B” and “C” to accommodate this expansion in volume. An assessment required to be made to take account of all modes of operation.
  • the pressure relief valve 9 in “C” is set to open when the pressure reaches 10 psi (7.1 x 104 Newtons per square metre).
  • the normal mode of operation would assume that when the boiler starts to heat, the primary central heating system, including the radiators, will heat and expand first. Shortly afterwards heat transferred through the primary heating coil in the indirect cylinder will begin to heat and expand the secondary stored water. Immediately the domestic hot water draw-off tap at the household fittings was used this would instantly relieve and equalize all expansion pressure within the storage vessel. For the purpose of assessment, however, it should be assumed that during the initial mode of operation this draw-off tap will not be used.
  • the primary central heating water which is the content of the boiler, the primary pipe-work, and the radiators will expand, upon heating, some 4% of volume.
  • the size of the primary chamber "B" can accommodate such volumetric expansion.
  • both the primary and secondary water is free to expand and contract as it heats and cools.
  • the physical size of chamber “B" can be sufficient to permit expansion and contraction of even the largest primary central heating system, without fear of inter-mixing primary water with secondary storage supply.
  • the stored domestic hot water is free to expand and contract as it heats and cools, and there is a continual release of dissolved air from the water in cylinder compartment "A" as this water is heated. It is estimated that some 2% of the volume of cold water from the street mains is dissolved air, and this is released by the act of heating the water. By its normal bouyancy this dissolved air accumulates in chamber "C".
  • this chamber provides an optimum air cushion and any surplus of air is discharged mildly through the draw-off outlet to the taps upon opening of these, or released through the automatic air vent 9a.
  • the anti-vacuum function preferably in both pressure relief valves comes into operation.
  • the anti-vacuum valves open and admit atmospheric air to the cylinder, thus enhancing the air-cushion.
  • the normal mode of operation of the system is to continually maintain and enhance this air cushion.
  • the water to air interface of the primary central heating water system within "B" is free to rise and fall therein, without agitation of this interface, as the primary water heats and cools, and surprisingly it has been found that oxygenated air cannot enter the primary water system through this interface.
  • a supplementary function is attributed to the further secondary duct 7 as shown in Figure 1 or 3.
  • This duct is to induce natural convection flow through the other secondary duct to ensure the hottest water is always available in the upper chamber "C", where it can then be drawn-off to the household taps.
  • the tempeature and pressure relief valve 12 in compartment "A" can take account of the need to relieve pressures which could result from temperature increases beyond pre-set level. This could occur by failure of an electrical immersion heater fitted with an automatic thermostat. This relief valve 12 will open on both temperature and pressure malfunction.
  • Figure 2 shows a substantial part of a domestic hot water storage and central heating system according to the invention. It can be seen that one set of pressure regulating the relief valves may serve both the domestic hot water services and the central heating system simultaneously with resulting saving in costs.
  • FIGS 1 to 3 illustrate how a standard BSS1566 indirect cylinder, manufactured to normal dimensions, and founded on a diameter of 450mm will have a height which is the standard height plus 350mm, which is accounted for by the assessed physical dimension and height of both chambers "B" and “C".
  • This design criteria may apply to all BSS Copper Cylinders of 450mm diameter. It will be possible to construct cylinders and systems to these principles for any other selected diameter, while taking account of the physical volume required in the chambers "B” and "C”.
  • any references herein to cylinder are not restricted in scope to any specific geometrical shape of vessel or container and merely reflect the terminology most commonly used for domestic hot water storage containers. If desired, the cylinder of the invention can also be used for a domestic hot water supply solely (i.e. without central heating) simply by sealing off the water heater circuit connection means 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Brauchwasserspeicher für den häuslichen Gebrauch zur Verwendung mit einem abgeschlossenen Zentralheizungssystem (CH) und einem nicht-entlüfteten Heißwassersystem (HW), das aus einer druckregulierten Quelle versorgt wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    der Speicher in aufrechter Position ein abgeschlossenes, unabhängiges, Flüssigkeit enthaltendes Gefäß (1) darstellt, das nach innen
    - ein erstes Volumen (A, C), das einen indirekten HW-Speicher und integralen Ausgleichsbehälter bildet, und das einen Kopfbereich zum Sammeln von Luft hat, der einen Bereich zum Bevorraten von Wasser überlagert, wobei der Bereich zum Bevorraten von Wasser Heizmittel zum Aufheizen des gesammelten Wassers aufweist, um dadurch gelöste Luft aus diesem Wasser auszutreiben, wodurch der Kopfbereich mit Luft gefüllt wird, mit ersten oberen Anschlußmitteln (8) zum Ableiten der gesammelten Flüssigkeit nach außerhalb des Behälters (1), die an den oberen Teil des Bereiches zum Bevorraten von Wasser angrenzen, und mit zweiten unteren Anschlußmitteln (13, 14) zum Zuführen von Wasser von außerhalb des Behälters (1) zum Bevorraten, die vom oberen Teil des Bereiches zum Bevorraten von Wasser beabstandet sind; und
    - ein zweites Volumen (B) begrenzt, das einen CH-System Ausgleichsbehälter bildet, und das einen Kopfbereich zum Sammeln von Luft hat, der einen Bereich zum Bevorraten von Wasser überlagert, wobei das zweite Volumen (B) automatische Luft-Entlüftungsmittel (11) aufweist, die so angeordnet sind, daß sie ein Entlüften des zweiten Volumens (B) nach außerhalb des Behälters ermöglichen, wenn das Niveau des bevorrateten Wassers im zweiten Volumen niedriger ist als ein vorbestimmtes Niveau, und wobei der Wasser bevorratende Bereich Anschlußmittel (10) zum Überführen von Flüssigkeit des CH-Systems von und nach außerhalb des Behälters (1) aufweist;
    wobei die Anordnung der ersten (A, C) und zweiten (B) Volumina in der Weise vorgesehen ist, daß jeder Kopfbereich ein vorbestimmtes volumetrisches Fassungsvermögen hat, das größer ist als erforderlich, um die thermische Ausdehnung von Wasser aus dem zugehörigen Bereich zum Bevorraten von Wasser zuzulassen , und sich ein Flüssigkeit überführender Verbindungsgang (6) erstreckt sich zwischen dem ersten (A, C) und dem zweiten (B) Volumen, wobei dieser Verbindungsgang (6) in dem jeweiligen Kopfbereich in einer Höhe mündet, die über derjenigen ist, die durch die thermische Ausdehnung des Wassers aus dem zugehörigen Bereich zum Bevorraten des Wassers erreicht wird.
  2. Brauchwasserspeicher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Volumen (A, C) mit einer automatischen Luft-Entlüftungsanlage (9a), die durch das Wasserniveau im ersten Volumen (A, C) betrieben wird, um das Wasserniveau auf einem Niveau zu halten, das mindestens höher ist, als die ersten oberen Anschlußmittel (8).
  3. Brauchwasserspeicher nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Behälter (1) mindestens mit einem Druckbegrenzungsventil (9, 12) im ersten Volumen (A, C) versehen ist.
  4. Brauchwasserspeicher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite Volumen (B) durch querstehende Trennwände (2, 3) begrenzt wird, durch die sich mindestens eine Leitung (5, 7) erstreckt, die eine Verbindung zwischen den Teilen des Bereiches zum Bevorraten von Wasser des ersten Volumens (A, C) ermöglicht, die oberhalb und unterhalb des zweiten Volumens angeordnet sind.
EP87308291A 1986-09-18 1987-09-18 Brauchwasserspeicher Expired EP0260989B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8622520 1986-09-18
GB868622520A GB8622520D0 (en) 1986-09-18 1986-09-18 Domestic hot water cylinder & system

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0260989A2 EP0260989A2 (de) 1988-03-23
EP0260989A3 EP0260989A3 (en) 1988-09-14
EP0260989B1 true EP0260989B1 (de) 1992-08-12

Family

ID=10604404

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87308291A Expired EP0260989B1 (de) 1986-09-18 1987-09-18 Brauchwasserspeicher

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0260989B1 (de)
AU (1) AU7868387A (de)
DE (1) DE3781075T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2033862T3 (de)
GB (2) GB8622520D0 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8926686D0 (en) * 1989-11-25 1990-01-17 Carruthers Thomas R Fluid containment vessel
GB8926701D0 (en) * 1989-11-25 1990-01-17 Carruthers Thomas R Fluid containment vessel
DE29902645U1 (de) 1999-02-15 1999-04-29 Kermi Gmbh, 94447 Plattling Heizkörper mit Ausgleichsgefäß
GB0428338D0 (en) 2004-12-24 2005-02-02 Carruthers Thomas R Fluid-containment vessel
CN108019923A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-05-11 天津唯元科技发展有限公司 多管路速热式电热水器

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1066194A (en) * 1962-11-19 1967-04-19 Economic Presswork Ltd Improvements relating to hot water supply and circulating systems
GB1580451A (en) * 1976-04-24 1980-12-03 Fleming Fabrications Ltd Combined central heating and indirect domestic water heating systems
GB2001740B (en) * 1977-07-15 1982-01-13 Fleming Fab Ltd Self-priming devices for indirect domestic water heating systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7868387A (en) 1988-03-24
EP0260989A2 (de) 1988-03-23
GB2195173A (en) 1988-03-30
GB8622520D0 (en) 1986-10-22
EP0260989A3 (en) 1988-09-14
GB8721905D0 (en) 1987-10-21
ES2033862T3 (es) 1993-04-01
DE3781075T2 (de) 1993-04-22
DE3781075D1 (de) 1992-09-17

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