EP0258233B1 - Golf clubs and method for their fabrication - Google Patents

Golf clubs and method for their fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0258233B1
EP0258233B1 EP86902415A EP86902415A EP0258233B1 EP 0258233 B1 EP0258233 B1 EP 0258233B1 EP 86902415 A EP86902415 A EP 86902415A EP 86902415 A EP86902415 A EP 86902415A EP 0258233 B1 EP0258233 B1 EP 0258233B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
club
fibres
handle
shaft
nested
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EP86902415A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0258233A1 (en
Inventor
Paul Henri Viellard
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from FR8505968A external-priority patent/FR2580506B1/en
Priority claimed from FR8506638A external-priority patent/FR2581318B1/en
Priority claimed from FR8507346A external-priority patent/FR2581887B1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT86902415T priority Critical patent/ATE48763T1/en
Publication of EP0258233A1 publication Critical patent/EP0258233A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B53/00—Golf clubs
    • A63B53/10—Non-metallic shafts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B53/00—Golf clubs
    • A63B53/02—Joint structures between the head and the shaft
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
    • A63B60/002—Resonance frequency related characteristics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
    • A63B2209/02—Characteristics of used materials with reinforcing fibres, e.g. carbon, polyamide fibres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
    • A63B60/06—Handles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
    • A63B60/06—Handles
    • A63B60/08—Handles characterised by the material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
    • A63B60/06—Handles
    • A63B60/10—Handles with means for indicating correct holding positions

Definitions

  • series of clubs is meant a set of nearly a dozen clubs, more particularly 8 irons and 3 woods or 9 irons and 6 woods all belonging to one of the five elasticity classes defined according to the scale of "Kenneth Smith” and designated respectively by L (ladies), A (flexible), R (medium), S (stiff i.e. stiff), E (extra stiff, i.e. - say extra stiff), as well as one or the other of the two classes of sleeve lengths (man or lady).
  • L ladies
  • A flexible
  • R medium
  • S siniff i.e. stiff
  • E extra stiff, i.e. - say extra stiff
  • each of the 15 clubs in a series of 9 irons and 6 woods has a head which hits the ball at a different angle (loft angle) allowing it to print a more or less taut and more or less trajectory. stabilized according to the gyration given to the ball to take into account the distances and obstacles that must be crossed. This loft angle is modified with the elasticity of the handle.
  • a manufacturer of golf clubs wants to offer a somewhat complete range of clubs, he must manufacture, to take into account the 5 degrees of elasticity and the 2 degrees of length (man, lady), 10 series (5 x 2).
  • the clubs of the same series have different characteristics but these characteristics however present a certain homogeneity concerning in particular the characteristic which constitutes the "swing-weight” which must remain appreciably constant for the clubs of the same series.
  • This “swing-weight”, sort of moment of the striking force exerted on the ball is calculated by multiplying the total weight of the club by the length of the distance which separates the center of gravity of the club from a theoretical point conventionally located 12 inches, that is to say 30.5 cm from the top of the club handle (official scale swing-weight) or 14 inches (35.5 cm) from the top of the handle (lorythmic swing-weight). It is very complex to take into account all of the characteristic parameters of the clubs in order to produce homogeneous series of clubs desired by the players (that is to say series of so-called "consistent" clubs for English-speaking players. ).
  • E 1/2 Mv 2
  • M being the mass of the club
  • v the speed of the swing.
  • US Pat. No. 3,871,649 presents a method of adjusting the frequency by varying either the lengths of the ends of the metal clubs which have different diameters, or the thickness of the metal wall, but this juxtaposition is not found. by fitting over lengths "I" determined at will of two walls of different elastic modules which is presented here.
  • US Patent No. 4,122,593 presents a table for calculating the amount of material to be removed at either end of a metal club to balance it in frequency within a narrow range .
  • the document GB-A-2 146 906 presents a method of balancing the vibrational frequencies, by making, during the manufacturing by stretching then hammering of the metal tube, vary the length of a constriction (or “ step ”) intermediate then removing material at one end.
  • the devices according to the invention make it possible to control the vibration frequency and the swing-weight of golf clubs obtained from the same metallic or composite materials made of carbon fibers associated with fibers of boron, aramides or glass, products in industrial series.
  • the subject of the invention is a method of producing golf clubs consisting of a tubular handle comprising a handle at one end and the other end of which receives the head of the club, characterized in that, to determine the flexibility of the handle, we act on its rigidity by varying the casing length (s) of two or more tubes one inside the other, the first comprising the handle, the second or the others constituting the part of the handle supporting the club head over distances such that the stiffness can be determined, the end of the handle being firmly held fixed, by measuring the frequency of vibration of the free part of the club.
  • the golf club obtained according to the production method described above is characterized in that it consists of a handle made of several elements fitted into each other over defined distances comprising a handle to one end and the other end of which receives the head of the club, at least some of the said elements being metallic.
  • the clubs are obtained from tubes made of metallic or synthetic materials and then fitted into each other over lengths such that the club handle being securely held fixed, in a vice for example, the frequency can be controlled vibratory of the free part exact image of its rigidity.
  • the essential characteristic of the invention takes account of what has just been explained above, since it consists in varying “on demand” the rigidity of the clubs' sleeves by fitting over a determined length “I” a central whip in one or more end tubes.
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic drawing of two clubs having different head weights M i and M 2 but identical central parts (1) and (2) fitted at the level of the handles in tubes of different lengths I 1 and I 2 .
  • FIG. 2 represents two clubs, the identical whips (1) and (2) of which are fitted over the same length in tubes at the level of the handles (7) and (8) but in tubes of different lengths at the level of the heads M 3 and M 4 .
  • Figure 3 brings together the characteristics of the two previous figures and
  • Figure 4 is a schematic section of another variant in which the whip tube consists of an outer tubular steel wall containing an inner tubular wall of bonded synthetic fibers or fretted.
  • the two clubs are constituted by two tubes 1 and 2 made of carbon fibers linked by epoxy resins for example. These tubes are absolutely identical both in their composition and in their metrological characteristics, so that they can be mass produced, which is of great economic interest.
  • these tubes are fitted then glued or crimped over lengths I 1 , I 2 inside the metal tubes 3 and 4 intended to constitute the handles of the clubs.
  • the lengths I 1 and I 2 of introduction, bonding or crimping of the tubes 3 and 4 are chosen, so that the vibratory frequency of the whips L, and L 2 which extend from the head to the glued handles supporting the head loads Mi and M 2 is the same, taking into account that the vibration is modified at the level of the entry of the whips inside the tubes 3 and 4.
  • this device it is conceivable that one can easily manufacture a series of homogeneous clubs while remaining within the limits imposed by international standards and habits.
  • the two clubs consist of two tubes (1) and (2) made of synthetic fibers, carbon fibers for example linked by epoxy resins. These tubes are absolutely identical both in their composition and in their metrological characteristics, so that they can also be mass produced.
  • these tubes are fitted and then crimped or glued in sleeves (5) and (6) over lengths 1 3 and 1 4 chosen so that the vibratory frequency of the whips L 3 and L 4 , which extend from the head to the handles (7) and (8) kept fixed by supporting the loads M 3 , and M 4 , ie the same.
  • the vibrational frequency takes into account not only the masses and the lengths constituting the whip, but also the casing lengths which are here transformed at will over the lengths 1 3 and 1 4 .
  • this device it is understandable that one can easily manufacture a series of homogeneous (consistent) clubs while remaining within the limits imposed by international standards and habits.
  • the two clubs are constituted by two tubes (1) and (2) made of synthetic fibers, carbon fibers for example linked by epoxy resins. This time again, these tubes are absolutely identical so that they can also be mass produced.
  • these tubes are fitted then crimped or glued in the head sleeves (9) and (10) which carry the heads M 5 and M 6 in the handle tubes ( 11) and (12) over respective lengths 1 5 and 1 6 then 1 7 and 1 8 in such a way that the vibratory frequency of the whips L 5 and L 6 which extend from the head of the clubs to the top of the pinions minus one length "d", 4 or 5 inches (10 or 12.5 cm) for example, which delimits the position of the player's hands, which is the same.
  • This length d is that which during the measurement of the vibratory frequency is kept fixed in the vice.
  • the device according to the invention allows a substantial saving of expensive materials since the part of the handle at the level of the handle of the club is above all constituted by a metal substantially less expensive than synthetic fibers.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to overcome a drawback which slows down the use of synthetic fibers (with characteristics, however, so interesting) in the manufacture of golf clubs: the heads sometimes having to be changed, they are preferably glued with hot-melt adhesives. However, these cannot be used because the fiber handles linked to resins have poor heat resistance. In this case, the metal sleeves (5, 6, 9, 10) which isolate the fiber handle from the heads, allow these fusible fusions since they are resistant to heat.
  • the tubes forming whips are composite tubes resulting from the association of an external metallic tubular wall (14, 16), for example of steel, and an internal wall (15) formed by a tube of synthetic fibers hooped inside the metal tube (14) and which can increase its mechanical characteristics in particular its rigidity while allowing the lightening of the assembly.
  • This arrangement can finally be adopted on only part of the whip, that is to say that the hooped fiber tube (15) provided inside the steel tube (14) may only extend over a fraction of the length of the steel tube (14).
  • the tube (14) can be followed by a succession of tubes (16 etc.) of decreasing diameters fitted and glued or shrunk into one another as shown in FIG. 4. Finally, a sleeve (17) in insulating synthetic product can be interposed between the whip tube (14) and the metal tube forming the handle.

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)

Abstract

The method for producing golf clubs comprises the fabrication of the club shaft from a plurality of different tubes of which one of them optionally conical is made of metal or synthesis fibres such as carbon fibres, boron fibres, glas fibres or aromatic polyamide fibres, and is nested into two other metal tubes of which one of them forms the support of club head (9, 10), and the other one forms the handle (11, 12) on lengthes respectively (l5, l6) and (l7, l8) such that the vibration frequency of the club, which depends on its flexibility, on a length (L5, L6) equal to its size minus a distance d from the top of the handle, is controlled.

Description

Le golf est un sport qui requiert un choix de matériel d'une complexité toute particulière. Un champion professionnel, pour frapper environ 70 fois seulement une balle sur un parcours de 18 trous, pourra utiliser une bonne quinzaine de clubs différents dont les caractéristiques seront adaptés à chaque coup, ces caractéristiques comprenant la longueur du manche, le poids du club et la forme de la tête ainsi que son angle d'ouverture (dit angle de loft). On retiendra ici les caractéristiques qui dépendent essentiellement de la morphologie du joueur, c'est-à-dire la longueur et la flexibilité du manche ainsi que le poids total du club. Ces trois paramètres essentiels conduisent à des définitions «normalisées» communément admises par tous les golfeurs et caractérisant les «séries» de clubs. On entend par série de clubs, un ensemble de près d'une douzaine de clubs, plus particulièrement de 8 fers et 3 bois ou de 9 fers et 6 bois appartenant tous à la fois à l'une des cinq classes d'élasticité définies suivant l'échelle de «Kenneth Smith» et désignées respectivement par L (ladies), A (flexible), R (médium), S (stiff c'est-à-dire raide), E (extra stiff, c'est-à-dire extra raide), ainsi qu'à l'une ou l'autre des deux classes de longueurs de manche (homme ou dame). On peut déjà remarquer ici qu'il n'y a pas de définition précise, scientifique, de ces classes d'élasticité: où s'arrête le médium pour devenir un stiff?Golf is a sport that requires a choice of equipment of a very particular complexity. A professional champion, to hit only about 70 times a ball on an 18-hole course, will be able to use a good fifteen different clubs whose characteristics will be adapted to each stroke, these characteristics including the length of the handle, the weight of the club and the shape of the head and its opening angle (called loft angle). We will retain here the characteristics which essentially depend on the morphology of the player, that is to say the length and flexibility of the handle as well as the total weight of the club. These three essential parameters lead to "standardized" definitions commonly accepted by all golfers and characterizing the "series" of clubs. By series of clubs is meant a set of nearly a dozen clubs, more particularly 8 irons and 3 woods or 9 irons and 6 woods all belonging to one of the five elasticity classes defined according to the scale of "Kenneth Smith" and designated respectively by L (ladies), A (flexible), R (medium), S (stiff i.e. stiff), E (extra stiff, i.e. - say extra stiff), as well as one or the other of the two classes of sleeve lengths (man or lady). We can already notice here that there is no precise, scientific definition of these elasticity classes: where does the medium stop to become a stiff?

Il convient de rappeler que chacun des 15 clubs d'une série de 9 fers et 6 bois a une tête qui vient frapper la balle sous un angle différent (angle de loft) permettant de lui imprimer une trajectoire plus ou moins tendue et plus ou moins stabilisée selon la giration donnée à la balle pour tenir compte des distances et des obstacles qu'il faut franchir. Cet angle de loft est modifié avec l'élasticité du manche. Ainsi, si un fabricant de clubs de golf veut proposer une gamme un peu complète de clubs, il lui faut fabriquer, pour tenir compte des 5 degrés d'élasticité et des 2 degrés de longueur (homme, dame), 10 séries (5 x 2). Les clubs d'une même série ont des caractéristiques différentes mais ces caractéristiques présentent cependant une certaine homogénéité concernant notamment la caractéristique que constitue le «swing-weight» qui doit rester sensiblement constant pour les clubs d'une même série. Ce «swing-weight», sorte de moment de la force de frappe exercée sur la balle, se calcule en multipliant le poids total du club par la longueur de la distance qui sépare le centre de gravité du club d'un point théorique situé conventionnellement à 12 pouces, c'est-à-dire à 30,5 cm du sommet du manche du club (official scale swing-weight) ou à 14 pouces (35,5 cm) du sommet du manche (lorythmique swing-weight). Il est d'une grande complexité de tenir compte de l'ensemble des paramètres caractéristiques des clubs pour fabriquer des séries de clubs homogènes souhaitées par les joueurs (c'est-à-dire des séries de clubs dites «consistent» pour les joueurs anglophones).It should be remembered that each of the 15 clubs in a series of 9 irons and 6 woods has a head which hits the ball at a different angle (loft angle) allowing it to print a more or less taut and more or less trajectory. stabilized according to the gyration given to the ball to take into account the distances and obstacles that must be crossed. This loft angle is modified with the elasticity of the handle. Thus, if a manufacturer of golf clubs wants to offer a somewhat complete range of clubs, he must manufacture, to take into account the 5 degrees of elasticity and the 2 degrees of length (man, lady), 10 series (5 x 2). The clubs of the same series have different characteristics but these characteristics however present a certain homogeneity concerning in particular the characteristic which constitutes the "swing-weight" which must remain appreciably constant for the clubs of the same series. This “swing-weight”, sort of moment of the striking force exerted on the ball, is calculated by multiplying the total weight of the club by the length of the distance which separates the center of gravity of the club from a theoretical point conventionally located 12 inches, that is to say 30.5 cm from the top of the club handle (official scale swing-weight) or 14 inches (35.5 cm) from the top of the handle (lorythmic swing-weight). It is very complex to take into account all of the characteristic parameters of the clubs in order to produce homogeneous series of clubs desired by the players (that is to say series of so-called "consistent" clubs for English-speaking players. ).

On peut ici signaler qu'il est également intéressant d'alléger le manche d'un club de golf. En effet l'énergie E récupérée par la balle en fin de «swing» sera d'autant plus élevée, c'est-à-dire que la balle ira d'autant plus loin, que le manche sera plus léger.We can point out here that it is also interesting to lighten the handle of a golf club. In fact, the energy E recovered by the ball at the end of the "swing" will be all the higher, that is to say that the ball will go all the further, the lighter the handle.

L'énergie donnée à la balle est telle que E = 1/2 Mv2, M étant la masse du club et v la vitesse du swing. On voit que pour un même effort, si la masse est faible, la vitesse augmente et l'énergie transmise à la balle également dans une proportion qui croît comme le carré de cette vitesse. Il peut donc paraître intéressant d'utiliser des matériaux légers tels les fibres de carbone par exemple pour fabriquer les clubs de golf. Cependant les manches en fibres de synthèse ont d'autres défauts qui n'ont jusqu'à présent pu être facilement maîtrisés, en particulier, il est très difficile d'obtenir une série de clubs en fibres de carbone «consistent» comme dit ci-avant.The energy given to the ball is such that E = 1/2 Mv 2 , M being the mass of the club and v the speed of the swing. We see that for the same effort, if the mass is low, the speed increases and the energy transmitted to the ball also in a proportion that increases as the square of this speed. It may therefore seem interesting to use light materials such as carbon fibers for example to make golf clubs. However, the synthetic fiber sleeves have other faults which have so far been difficult to master, in particular, it is very difficult to obtain a series of carbon fiber clubs that are "consistent" as said above. before.

On peut observer que la caractéristique physique qui prendra le mieux en compte l'ensemble des variables (poids, longueur, élasticité) est la fréquence de vibrations du club car elle intègre l'ensemble de ces paramètres.We can observe that the physical characteristic which will take best account of all the variables (weight, length, elasticity) is the frequency of vibrations of the club because it integrates all of these parameters.

Cette recherche d'équilibrage de la fréquence, ou de «frequency matching» comme disent les anglophones, est connue dans le domaine des clubs de golf. Des auteurs et fabricants se sont penchés sur ce problème et ont pris des brevets.This search for frequency balancing, or "frequency matching" as English speakers say, is known in the field of golf clubs. Authors and manufacturers have studied this problem and have taken out patents.

Ainsi, le brevet U.S. n° 3 871 649 présente une méthode de réglage de la fréquence en faisant varier soit les longueurs des extrémités des clubs métalliques qui ont des diamètres différents, soit l'épaisseur de la paroi métallique mais on ne trouve pas cette juxtaposition par emboîtage sur des longueurs «I» déterminées à volonté de deux parois de modules d'élasticité différents qui est ici présentée.Thus, US Pat. No. 3,871,649 presents a method of adjusting the frequency by varying either the lengths of the ends of the metal clubs which have different diameters, or the thickness of the metal wall, but this juxtaposition is not found. by fitting over lengths "I" determined at will of two walls of different elastic modules which is presented here.

Le brevet U.S. n° 4 122 593 présente une table permettant de calculer la quantité de matière à enlever à l'une ou l'autre des extrémités d'un club métallique pour l'équilibrer en fréquence à l'intérieur d'une fourchette étroite.US Patent No. 4,122,593 presents a table for calculating the amount of material to be removed at either end of a metal club to balance it in frequency within a narrow range .

Enfin, le document GB-A-2 146 906 (Wilson Sporting Goods) présente une méthode d'équilibrage des fréquences vibratoires, en faisant, lors de la fabrication par étirage puis martelage du tube métallique varier la longueur d'un retreint (ou «step») intermédiaire puis en enlevant de la matière à une extrémité.Finally, the document GB-A-2 146 906 (Wilson Sporting Goods) presents a method of balancing the vibrational frequencies, by making, during the manufacturing by stretching then hammering of the metal tube, vary the length of a constriction (or “ step ”) intermediate then removing material at one end.

Pour qu'une série de clubs soit homogène («consistent») il faut donc que la fréquence de vibration des clubs de la série soit constante ou, si le joueur le souhaite, qu'elle varie régulièrement d'un club de la série à un autre.For a series of clubs to be homogeneous ("consistent") it is therefore necessary that the frequency of vibration of the clubs of the series is constant or, if the player wishes, that it varies regularly from club of the series to another.

Les dispositifs selon l'invention permettent de contrôler la fréquence de vibration et le swing-weight de clubs de golf obtenus à partir de mêmes matériaux métalliques ou composites en fibres de carbone associées à des fibres de bore, d'aramides ou de verre, produits en séries industrielles.The devices according to the invention make it possible to control the vibration frequency and the swing-weight of golf clubs obtained from the same metallic or composite materials made of carbon fibers associated with fibers of boron, aramides or glass, products in industrial series.

L'invention a pour objet une méthode de production de clubs de golf constitués d'un manche tubulaire comportant une poignée à une extrémité et dont l'autre extrémité reçoit la tête du club, caractérisée en ce que, pour déterminer la flexibilité du manche, on agit sur sa rigidité en faisant varier la ou les longueurs d'emboîtage de deux ou plusieurs tubes les uns dans les autres, le premier comprenant la poignée, le second ou les autres constituant la partie du manche supportant la tête du club sur des distances telles que la rigidité puisse être déterminée, l'extrémité de la poignée étant solidement maintenue fixe, par la mesure de la fréquence de vibration de la partie libre du club.The subject of the invention is a method of producing golf clubs consisting of a tubular handle comprising a handle at one end and the other end of which receives the head of the club, characterized in that, to determine the flexibility of the handle, we act on its rigidity by varying the casing length (s) of two or more tubes one inside the other, the first comprising the handle, the second or the others constituting the part of the handle supporting the club head over distances such that the stiffness can be determined, the end of the handle being firmly held fixed, by measuring the frequency of vibration of the free part of the club.

Ainsi selon l'invention le club de golf obtenu selon la méthode de production exposée ci-dessus se caractérise en ce qu'il est constitué d'un manche fait de plusieurs éléments emboités les uns dans les autres sur des distances définies comportant une poignée à une extrémité et dont l'autre extrémité reçoit la tête du club, certains au moins des dits éléments étant métalliques.Thus according to the invention the golf club obtained according to the production method described above is characterized in that it consists of a handle made of several elements fitted into each other over defined distances comprising a handle to one end and the other end of which receives the head of the club, at least some of the said elements being metallic.

Ainsi, les clubs sont obtenus à partir de tubes constitués dans des matériaux métalliques ou de synthèse puis emboîtés les uns dans les autres sur des longueurs telles que le manche de club étant solidement maintenu fixe, dans un étau par exemple, on puisse contrôler la fréquence vibratoire de la partie libre image exacte de sa rigidité.Thus, the clubs are obtained from tubes made of metallic or synthetic materials and then fitted into each other over lengths such that the club handle being securely held fixed, in a vice for example, the frequency can be controlled vibratory of the free part exact image of its rigidity.

Il faut écrire ici que l'équation qui exprime simplement, dans des conditions sans doute approchées mais satisfaisantes, cette fréquence «f» de vibration peut s'écrire:

Figure imgb0001
dans laquelle:

  • E désigne le module d'élasticité du matériau constituant le manche (module de Jung),
  • R et r les rayons extérieur et intérieur du manche creux,
  • M la masse de la tête du club
  • L désigne la longueur du club
  • m la masse du manche.
It should be written here that the equation which simply expresses, under probably approximate but satisfactory conditions, this frequency "f" of vibration can be written:
Figure imgb0001
 in which:
  • E designates the elastic modulus of the material constituting the handle (Jung modulus),
  • R and r the outside and inside radii of the hollow handle,
  • M the mass of the club head
  • L denotes the length of the club
  • m the mass of the handle.

Pour mesurer cette fréquence f, le club comme dit ci-avant, est fermement maintenu, bloqué, au niveau supérieur de la poignée du manche dans un étau par exemple.To measure this frequency f, the club as said above, is firmly held, locked, at the upper level of the handle of the handle in a vice for example.

On observe que pour faire varier la fréquence de vibration d'un club on ne peut agir sur tous les paramètres car la masse M et la longueur L sont imposées par les normes. Ainsi, si l'on souhaite par exemple que les 9 clubs «fers» d'une même série aient la même fréquence de vibration f alors que les masses Mi, M2, M3,...des têtes et les longueurs Li, L2, L3,...des clubs sont imposées, il faut agir presque essentiellement sur les paramètres du numérateur de l'équation, c'est-à-dire sur la rigidité.We observe that to vary the vibration frequency of a club we cannot act on all the parameters because the mass M and the length L are imposed by standards. Thus, if we wish for example that the 9 “iron” clubs of the same series have the same vibration frequency f while the masses Mi, M 2 , M 3 , ... of the heads and the lengths Li, L 2 , L 3 , ... clubs are imposed, it is necessary to act almost essentially on the parameters of the numerator of the equation, that is to say on the rigidity.

La caractéristique essentielle de l'invention tient compte de ce qui vient d'être exposé ci-avant, car elle consiste à faire varier «à la demande» la rigidité des manches des clubs en emboîtant sur des longueurs déterminées «I» un fouet central dans un ou des tubes d'extrémité.The essential characteristic of the invention takes account of what has just been explained above, since it consists in varying “on demand” the rigidity of the clubs' sleeves by fitting over a determined length “I” a central whip in one or more end tubes.

Ainsi, la superposition par emboîtage de deux matériaux sertis, frettés ou collés sur des longueurs «I» que l'on peut choisir à volonté permet de faire varier la rigidité également à volonté. La formule exprimant la fréquence de vibration du club doit alors tenir compte dans son numérateur du paramètre «1» de longueur d'emboîtage des matériaux superposés.Thus, the superimposition by casing of two materials crimped, hooped or glued on lengths "I" which one can choose at will allows to vary the rigidity also at will. The formula expressing the frequency of vibration of the club must then take into account in its numerator the parameter "1" of casing length of the superimposed materials.

Pour bien faire comprendre l'invention, on en décrira ci-après des exemples d'exécution sans caractère limitatif aux dessins annexés dans lesquels la figure 1 représente un dessin schématique de deux clubs ayant des poids de tête Mi et M2 différents mais des parties centrales (1) et (2) identiques emboîtées au niveau des poignées dans des tubes sur des longueurs différentes I1 et I2.To clearly understand the invention, there will be described hereafter examples of execution without limitation of the appended drawings in which FIG. 1 represents a schematic drawing of two clubs having different head weights M i and M 2 but identical central parts (1) and (2) fitted at the level of the handles in tubes of different lengths I 1 and I 2 .

La figure 2 représente deux clubs dont les fouets (1) et (2) identiques sont emboîtés sur une même longueur dans des tubes au niveau des poignées (7) et (8) mais dans des tubes sur des longueurs différentes au niveau des têtes M3 et M4.FIG. 2 represents two clubs, the identical whips (1) and (2) of which are fitted over the same length in tubes at the level of the handles (7) and (8) but in tubes of different lengths at the level of the heads M 3 and M 4 .

La figure 3 rassemble les caractéristiques des deux figures précédentes et la figure 4 est une coupe schématique d'une autre variante selon laquelle le tube formant fouet se compose d'une paroi tubulaire extérieure d'acier contenant une paroi tubulaire intérieure en fibres de synthèse collées ou frettées.Figure 3 brings together the characteristics of the two previous figures and Figure 4 is a schematic section of another variant in which the whip tube consists of an outer tubular steel wall containing an inner tubular wall of bonded synthetic fibers or fretted.

Selon l'exemple de la figure 1, les deux clubs sont constitués par deux tubes 1 et 2 en fibres de carbone liées par des résines époxydes par exemple. Ces tubes sont absolument identique tant par leur composition que par leurs caractéristiques métrologiques, de sorte qu'ils peuvent être fabriqués en série, ce qui est d'un grand intérêt économique.According to the example of FIG. 1, the two clubs are constituted by two tubes 1 and 2 made of carbon fibers linked by epoxy resins for example. These tubes are absolutely identical both in their composition and in their metrological characteristics, so that they can be mass produced, which is of great economic interest.

Selon une caractéristique de la méthode de fabrication des clubs selon l'invention, ces tubes sont emboîtés puis collés ou sertis sur des longueurs I1, I2 à l'intérieur des tubes métalliques 3 et 4 destinés à constituer les poignées des clubs. Les longueurs I1 et I2 d'introduction, de collage ou de sertissage des tubes 3 et 4 sont choisies, de façon que la fréquence vibratoire des fouets L, et L2 qui s'étendent de la tête aux poignées collées en supportant les charges de tête Mi et M2 soit la même, compte tenu de ce que la vibration est modifiée au niveau de l'entrée des fouets à l'intérieur des tubes 3 et 4. Selon ce dispositif, on conçoit qu'on puisse fabriquer aisément une série de clubs homogènes tout en restant à l'intérieur des limites imposées par les normes et habitudes internationales. On peut également conserver un swing-weight constant car on observe qu'au fur et à mesure que la masse Mi augmente de poids, la longueur emboîtée I1 augmente vers 12 et le déplacement du centre de gravité Ci ne se fait pas uniquement vers la masse Mi selon l'augmentation de cette masse.According to a characteristic of the method of manufacturing clubs according to the invention, these tubes are fitted then glued or crimped over lengths I 1 , I 2 inside the metal tubes 3 and 4 intended to constitute the handles of the clubs. The lengths I 1 and I 2 of introduction, bonding or crimping of the tubes 3 and 4 are chosen, so that the vibratory frequency of the whips L, and L 2 which extend from the head to the glued handles supporting the head loads Mi and M 2 is the same, taking into account that the vibration is modified at the level of the entry of the whips inside the tubes 3 and 4. According to this device, it is conceivable that one can easily manufacture a series of homogeneous clubs while remaining within the limits imposed by international standards and habits. We can also keep a constant swing-weight because we observe that as the mass M i increases in weight, the nested length I 1 increases towards 1 2 and the displacement of the center of gravity Ci is not only done towards mass M i according to the increase in this mass.

Si le swing-weight ne peut être conservé constant, on peut ajouter au niveau de la poignée une petite masse dont l'influence ne s'exercera pas sur la fréquence de vibration puisque la poignée est maintenue fixe qui tendra par contre à éloigner le centre de gravité de la tête Mi.If the swing-weight cannot be kept constant, a small mass can be added at the level of the handle, the influence of which will not be exerted on the vibration frequency since the handle is held fixed which will tend to move the center away of gravity of the head M i .

Selon l'exemple de la figure 2, les deux clubs sont constitués par deux tubes (1) et (2) en fibres de synthèse, fibres de carbone par exemple liées par des résines époxydes. Ces tubes sont absolument identiques tant par leur composition que par leurs caractéristiques métrologiques, de sorte qu'ils peuvent être fabriqués en série également.According to the example of FIG. 2, the two clubs consist of two tubes (1) and (2) made of synthetic fibers, carbon fibers for example linked by epoxy resins. These tubes are absolutely identical both in their composition and in their metrological characteristics, so that they can also be mass produced.

Selon une caractéristique de la méthode de fabrication des clubs selon l'invention, ces tubes sont emboîtés puis sertis ou collés dans des manchons (5) et (6) sur des longueurs 13 et 14 choisies de façon que la fréquence vibratoire des fouets L3 et L4, qui s'étendent de la tête aux poignées (7) et (8) maintenues fixes en supportant les charges M3, et M4, soit la même. On a vu en effet, que la fréquence vibratoire tient compte non seulement des masses et des longueurs constituant le fouet, mais aussi des longueurs d'emboîtage qui se trouvent ici transformées à volonté sur les longueurs 13 et 14. Selon ce dispositif, on conçoit qu'on puisse fabriquer aisément une série de clubs homogènes (consistent) tout en restant à l'intérieur des limites imposées par les normes et habitudes internationales. On peut, en effet, conserver un swing-weight constant car on observe qu'au fur et à mesure que la masse M4 diminue de poids, la longueur 14 diminue, et le déplacement du centre de gravité C2 ne se fait pas uniquement vers le manche mais aussi vers la tête avec l'allongement du manchon d'une longueur 13 ou 14.According to a characteristic of the method of manufacturing clubs according to the invention, these tubes are fitted and then crimped or glued in sleeves (5) and (6) over lengths 1 3 and 1 4 chosen so that the vibratory frequency of the whips L 3 and L 4 , which extend from the head to the handles (7) and (8) kept fixed by supporting the loads M 3 , and M 4 , ie the same. We have seen, in fact, that the vibrational frequency takes into account not only the masses and the lengths constituting the whip, but also the casing lengths which are here transformed at will over the lengths 1 3 and 1 4 . According to this device, it is understandable that one can easily manufacture a series of homogeneous (consistent) clubs while remaining within the limits imposed by international standards and habits. We can, in fact, keep a constant swing-weight because we observe that as the mass M 4 decreases in weight, the length 1 4 decreases, and the displacement of the center of gravity C 2 does not occur only towards the handle but also towards the head with the lengthening of the sleeve of a length 1 3 or 1 4 .

Selon l'exemple de la figure 3, les deux clubs sont constitués par deux tubes (1) et (2) en fibres de synthèse, fibres de carbone par exemple liées par des résines époxydes. Cette fois-ci encore, ces tubes sont absolument identiques de sorte qu'ils peuvent également être fabriqués en série.According to the example in FIG. 3, the two clubs are constituted by two tubes (1) and (2) made of synthetic fibers, carbon fibers for example linked by epoxy resins. This time again, these tubes are absolutely identical so that they can also be mass produced.

Selon une caractéristique de la méthode de fabrication des clubs selon l'invention, ces tubes sont emboîtés puis sertis ou collés dans les manchons de tête (9) et (10) qui portent les têtes M5 et M6 dans les tubes de poignées (11) et (12) sur des longueurs respectives 15 et 16 puis 17 et 18 de telle façon que la fréquence vibratoire des fouets L5 et L6 qui s'étendent de la tête des clubs au sommet des piognées moins une longueur «d», 4 ou 5 pouces (10 ou 12,5 cm) par exemple, qui délimite la position des mains du joueur, soit la même. Cette longueur d est celle qui lors de la mesure de la fréquence vibratoire est maintenue fixe dans l'étau.According to a characteristic of the method of manufacturing clubs according to the invention, these tubes are fitted then crimped or glued in the head sleeves (9) and (10) which carry the heads M 5 and M 6 in the handle tubes ( 11) and (12) over respective lengths 1 5 and 1 6 then 1 7 and 1 8 in such a way that the vibratory frequency of the whips L 5 and L 6 which extend from the head of the clubs to the top of the pinions minus one length "d", 4 or 5 inches (10 or 12.5 cm) for example, which delimits the position of the player's hands, which is the same. This length d is that which during the measurement of the vibratory frequency is kept fixed in the vice.

Selon ce dispositif, on conçoit aussi qu'on puisse fabriquer une série de clubs homogènes (consistent) comme dans les deux cas précédents. On peut aussi conserver un swing-weight constant et déplaçant le centre de gravité C3 de façon indiquée dans les cas précédents.According to this device, it is also conceivable that one can manufacture a series of homogeneous (consistent) clubs as in the two previous cases. We can also keep a constant swing-weight and shift the center of gravity C 3 as indicated in the previous cases.

On remarquera aussi que le dispositif selon l'invention permet une économie substantielle de matériaux coûteux puisque la partie du manche au niveau de la poignée du club est surtout constituée par un métal sensiblement moins cher que les fibres de synthèse.It will also be noted that the device according to the invention allows a substantial saving of expensive materials since the part of the handle at the level of the handle of the club is above all constituted by a metal substantially less expensive than synthetic fibers.

On remarquera également que le dispositif selon l'invention permet de pallier un inconvénient qui freine l'utilisation des fibres de synthèse (aux caractéristiques pourtant si intéressantes) dans la fabrication des clubs de golf: les têtes devant parfois être changées, elles sont de préférence collées avec des adhésifs thermo-fusibles. Or ceux-ci ne peuvent être utilisés car les manches en fibres liées à des résines résistent mal à la chaleur. En l'occurrence, les manchons métalliques (5, 6, 9, 10) qui isolent le manche en fibres des têtes, permettent ces collages thermo-fusibles puisqu'ils résistent à la chaleur.It will also be noted that the device according to the invention makes it possible to overcome a drawback which slows down the use of synthetic fibers (with characteristics, however, so interesting) in the manufacture of golf clubs: the heads sometimes having to be changed, they are preferably glued with hot-melt adhesives. However, these cannot be used because the fiber handles linked to resins have poor heat resistance. In this case, the metal sleeves (5, 6, 9, 10) which isolate the fiber handle from the heads, allow these fusible fusions since they are resistant to heat.

Selon la variante représentée sur la figure 4, les tubes formant fouets sont des tubes composites résultant de l'association d'une paroi tubulaire extérieure métallique (14, 16) par exemple en acier, et d'une paroi interne (15) formée par un tube de fibres de synthèse fretté à l'intérieur du tube métallique (14) et pouvant accroître ses caractéristiques mécaniques en particulier sa rigidité tout en permettant l'allègement de l'ensemble. Cette disposition peut enfin être adoptée sur une partie seulement du fouet, c'est-à-dire que le tube de fibres fretté (15) prévu à l'intérieur du tube d'acier (14) peut ne s'étendre que sur une fraction de la longueur du tube d'acier (14).According to the variant shown in FIG. 4, the tubes forming whips are composite tubes resulting from the association of an external metallic tubular wall (14, 16), for example of steel, and an internal wall (15) formed by a tube of synthetic fibers hooped inside the metal tube (14) and which can increase its mechanical characteristics in particular its rigidity while allowing the lightening of the assembly. This arrangement can finally be adopted on only part of the whip, that is to say that the hooped fiber tube (15) provided inside the steel tube (14) may only extend over a fraction of the length of the steel tube (14).

D'autre part, le tube (14) peut être suivi par une succession de tubes (16 etc.) de diamètres décroissants emboîtés et collés ou frettés les uns dans les autres comme représenté sur la figure 4. Enfin, un manchon (17) en produit synthétique isolant peut être interposé entre le tube (14) du fouet et le tube métallique formant le manche.On the other hand, the tube (14) can be followed by a succession of tubes (16 etc.) of decreasing diameters fitted and glued or shrunk into one another as shown in FIG. 4. Finally, a sleeve (17) in insulating synthetic product can be interposed between the whip tube (14) and the metal tube forming the handle.

Claims (8)

1. Process for producing golf clubs formed by a tubular shaft consisting of a handle at one end and of which the other end receives the club head, characterised in that in order to determine the flexibility of the shaft, its rigidity is adjusted by varying the nesting length(s) of two or more tubes which fit into one another, the first comprising the handle, the second or the others consisting of the part of the shaft supporting the club head over distances such that the rigidity can be determined by measuring the vibration frequency of the free part of the club when the end of the handle is securely fixed.
2. Process for producing golf clubs according to Claim 1, which consists of making the club shaft from at least two different tubes, one (1, 2) of which, possibly conical, but cylindrical at the handle end, supports the club shaft, made of synthetic fibres such as carbon fibres, boron fibres, glass fibres or aromatic polyamide fibres, and is nested into the other metal tube (3, 4) forming the handle of the shaft, is then set or stuck over a length (11, I2) such that the vibration frequency of the club, on which its rigidity depends, is controlled.
3. Process for producing golf clubs according to Claim 1, which consists of producing the club shaft from at least two differenttubes, one of which is possibly conical (1, 2) but cylindrical at the head end, made of synthetic fibres such as carbon fibres, boron fibres, glass fibres or aromatic polyamide fibres, is nested into the other metal tube (5, 6) bearing the club head then set or stuck over a length (13,14) such that the vibration frequency of the club on which its rigidity depends is controlled.
4. Process for producing golf clubs according to Claim 1, which consists of producing the club shaft from at least three different tubes of which the middle tube, possibly conical (1, 2), but with both ends cylindrical, made of synthetic fibres such as carbon fibres, boron fibres, glass fibres or aromatic polyamide fibres, is nested into the two other metal tubes, one forming the support of the club head (9, 10), the other the handle (11, 12), over lengths respectively (15, 16) and (I7, Is) such that the vibration frequency of the club is controlled for a length (Ls, L6) equal to its size minus a distance d from the top of the handle.
5. Golf club produced according to the production method of any one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it is composed up of a shaft made of several elements nested into each other at defined intervals comprising a handle at one end and the other end of which receives the club head, at least some of the said elements being of metal.
6. Golf club according to Claim 5, characterised in that all the nested elements are of metal.
7. Golf club according to Claim 5, characterised in that certain nested elements are of metal and others are made of synthetic fibres.
8. Golf club according to Claim 7, characterised in that certain nested elements are made up of a metal external casing (14) into which an intermediate tube (15) of synthetic fibres is nested then bonded or stuck.
EP86902415A 1985-04-19 1986-04-11 Golf clubs and method for their fabrication Expired EP0258233B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86902415T ATE48763T1 (en) 1985-04-19 1986-04-11 GOLF CLUBS AND PROCESS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE.

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8505968 1985-04-19
FR8505968A FR2580506B1 (en) 1985-04-19 1985-04-19 METHOD OF MANUFACTURING GOLF CLUBS OBTAINED BY HITTING COMPOSITE METAL MATERIALS FOR CONTROLLING THEIR MECHANICAL AND METROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
FR8506638 1985-05-02
FR8506638A FR2581318B1 (en) 1985-05-02 1985-05-02 METHOD OF MANUFACTURING GOLF CLUBS BY CASING AND BONDING METAL AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS TO CONTROL THEIR MECHANICAL AND METROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
FR8507346 1985-05-15
FR8507346A FR2581887B1 (en) 1985-05-15 1985-05-15 METHOD OF MANUFACTURING GOLF CLUBS AND SET OF TUBES FOR MAKING CLUBS OBTAINED BY THE PROCESS

Publications (2)

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EP0258233A1 EP0258233A1 (en) 1988-03-09
EP0258233B1 true EP0258233B1 (en) 1989-12-20

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EP (1) EP0258233B1 (en)
AU (1) AU593246B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1318114C (en)
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WO (1) WO1986006286A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
AU593246B2 (en) 1990-02-08
DE3667612D1 (en) 1990-01-25
WO1986006286A1 (en) 1986-11-06
AU5690986A (en) 1986-11-18
US4954198A (en) 1990-09-04
EP0258233A1 (en) 1988-03-09
CA1318114C (en) 1993-05-25

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