EP0245155B1 - Process for carrying out works under railway tracks in operation - Google Patents

Process for carrying out works under railway tracks in operation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0245155B1
EP0245155B1 EP87400959A EP87400959A EP0245155B1 EP 0245155 B1 EP0245155 B1 EP 0245155B1 EP 87400959 A EP87400959 A EP 87400959A EP 87400959 A EP87400959 A EP 87400959A EP 0245155 B1 EP0245155 B1 EP 0245155B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
abutments
rails
dam
lines
pairs
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP87400959A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0245155A1 (en
Inventor
Jean Marie Beauthier
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freyssinet
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Individual
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Priority claimed from FR8606694A external-priority patent/FR2593549B1/en
Priority claimed from FR8614098A external-priority patent/FR2591275B2/en
Priority claimed from FR8614099A external-priority patent/FR2591276B2/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT87400959T priority Critical patent/ATE49263T1/en
Publication of EP0245155A1 publication Critical patent/EP0245155A1/en
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Publication of EP0245155B1 publication Critical patent/EP0245155B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/005—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by forcing prefabricated elements through the ground, e.g. by pushing lining from an access pit
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2/00—General structure of permanent way

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method allowing the construction of works such as railway, motorway, road or pedestrian crossings through any embankment or earthworks supporting one or more railways, without requiring the prolonged stopping of traffic flowing on these tracks.
  • the present invention relates to a method which makes it possible to avoid the drawbacks of the solutions recalled above, by ensuring the realization under the embankment or more generally the support structure of railways or the like, of a road or pedestrian crossing without require a long-term interruption of traffic, which is easy to implement and which entails only reduced costs, whatever the transverse dimensions of the work to be carried out.
  • the process considered is characterized in that it consists of driving transversely in a manner known per se, under the slope, two pairs of half-abutments or straight hollowed feet, arranged two by two opposite one another and on the other side delimiting the passage to be produced and providing beneath the tracks, between them and the upper face of the half-abutments, a limited fill thickness, to bring the half-abutments two by two in abutment substantially in the plane longitudinal median of the slope, to wedge these half-abutments in their mutual junction zone on either side of this median plane, to be fitted in place under the stiffener tracks over a length of these slightly longer than that which separates the two pairs of half-abutments, before or after the sinking of these, to remove the fill between the tracks and the abutments abutting under the stiffeners, to be placed on the two pairs of half-abutments respectively two so mmiers supports resting on these half-abutments, to remove the stiffeners and then to cut the tracks on a length corresponding to
  • the driving of the two half-abutments of each pair is carried out using cables crossing the slope, each fixed at one end to a half-abutment and secured to the other end of a jack bearing on the other half-abutment and exerting on the cable a tensile force ensuring the mutual approach of the half-abutments.
  • the two half-decks are produced by pouring concrete on either side of the slope on scaffolding extending parallel to the tracks and surmounting the two half-abutments of the two pairs, arranged on each sides of the slope.
  • the casting and drying of the half-decks is carried out during the sinking operations of the half-abutments in the slope.
  • the method according to the invention thus allows an optimal organization of the successive operations to be carried out, among which the cutting of the tracks and the interruption of the traffic which results therefrom are reduced to the minimum, corresponding to the only installation of the half-decks, -same previously built to the dimensions exactly provided on either side of the slope during the prior operations of sinking the half-abutments, reinforcing the tracks and making the box springs intended to receive these decks.
  • the method of the invention makes it possible, without having to cut the tracks, to produce under them, in the limited space available between the upper face of the half-abutments once joined and the tracks themselves, the box springs support for aprons.
  • the box springs are poured in place or the prefabricated box springs are sealed on the half-abutments so as to make up for any misalignment of the contiguous faces of the half-abutments.
  • the half-decks are previously built on the two box springs which are ripped with the decks on the half-abutments under the tracks.
  • the invention consequently provides both a very great economy in the handling and manufacturing means necessary for the implementation of various stages of the process envisaged, and also a speed in the accomplishment of these stages, by authorizing consequently a particularly significant reduction in the total cost of these operations. It should be emphasized that all these stages enter into the final construction of the structure, which is an additional factor of economy, compared to all the other methods which introduce additional stages which affect the overall cost of the structure.
  • an embankment for supporting one or more railway tracks has been designated under the reference 1.
  • this embankment, as well as the nature or the arrangement tracks 2 have no direct impact on the implementation of the method according to the invention, which can be applied identically to make a passage under any earthwork supporting different tracks, even if its application to railways seems particularly advantageous.
  • pairs of hollow half-abutments or straight feet 3 and 4 respectively, arranged on either side of the slope 1, are used.
  • half-abutments with a hollow structure 5 ( Figure 5) allowing in particular, once the work is completed and as will be seen below, pedestrian traffic for example, the space provided between the abutments of two neighboring pairs being reserved for vehicles.
  • the half-abutments 3 and 4 in each pair are joined in pairs through the slope 1 by means of prestressing cables 6, each fixed at one end 7 to one of the half-abutments 3 and to the other on a hydraulic or other cylinder 8, carried by the facing half-abutment.
  • the number of cables 6 thus connecting the two half-abutments is chosen according to the efforts to be developed to ensure the sinking of one towards the other through the ground of the slope 1 so as to bring these elements together and gradually one the other.
  • the soil 9 which progressively fills the internal hollowed out part 5 of the half-abutments during their respective advances is continuously evacuated by an excavator belt 10 or by any other suitable earthmoving means. It will be noted in this regard that this technique of mutual sinking of hollow structures towards each other is now known in the art but results from work and publications of the applicant.
  • these half-aprons is again without direct impact on the implementation of the method.
  • they can be partially or completely prefabricated and brought directly by appropriate handling equipment to their scaffolding, or else be built directly on them, taking advantage of the time necessary for driving the abutments for their manufacture and in particular if they are made of poured concrete, for sufficient drying thereof.
  • each box spring transverse to the tracks if necessary having a lateral reinforcement 23 preventing the earth spoil from collapsing on the bed base itself.
  • This box spring 22 can be produced by means of a prefabricated element riped on site or manufactured in situ with adequate dimensions corresponding to the width of the two half-decks 12 and 13. Possibly, and as already said, the installation of the bed base 22 can be carried out with a backlash at the junction of the two corresponding half-abutments 3 and 4.
  • the tracks 2 are then sectioned between the box springs 22 thus produced on the half-abutments of the two adjacent pairs delimiting the width of the passage to be carried out, then the fill 24 is removed above the plane 16 of the abutments in order to allow, by any suitable conventional means, to cause the half-aprons 12 and 13 to slide towards each other by bringing them, at the end of the race, to rest on the box springs 22 whose spacing has been exactly determined beforehand (FIGS. 3 and 4).
  • FIG. 3 As a variant, and as schematically illustrated in FIG.
  • the box springs 22 and the aprons 12 and / or 13 can be made one and the other outside the track and then, once these aprons resting on the box springs, riped together under tracks 2 on the corresponding half-abutments.
  • a work of art is thus produced, in particular a passage under rolling tracks, under conditions which, while providing security for the subsequent flow of traffic on these tracks, allow a saving of time and an economy of means particularly appreciable.
  • the invention can naturally be adapted to particular geometries of works and / or railways, without modifying the general principles of its implementation which in all cases lead to a quite significant reduction in the time when the tracks are unavailable, all operations before and after this single step in the process being carried out without interrupting traffic.
  • the mean inclination of the front-nozzles 26 is here chosen equal to 45 °, which makes it possible to maintain a slope of 3/2 during the earthworks of the working face being sinking of the half-abutments in the manner specified above. This results in a significant reduction in the depth theoretically necessary in the case of a single slope forearm, in order to ensure the stability of the slope 1 during this driving.
  • each half-abutment comprises at the level of the separation of its successive stages 3a, 3b or 4a, 4b, an intermediate slab 28, suitable for serving as a strut when the half-abutments are approached and keyed together, allowing reduce the amount of steel required to hold the right feet.
  • an intermediate slab 28 suitable for serving as a strut when the half-abutments are approached and keyed together, allowing reduce the amount of steel required to hold the right feet.
  • the splitting of the half-abutments with serrated front-beaks 26 it can be seen that only the lower tooth 26b penetrates, at the start of the sinking operation in the slope 1.
  • the backfill load at - Above this front spout is therefore relatively more limited, which reduces the risk of lifting when the force necessary for driving is exerted.
  • the upper front spout 26a by itself provides a permanent overload on the lower stage directed downwards, which avoids the risk of lifting when the corresponding half-abutment advances.
  • Another improvement usefully envisaged consists in arranging the front-nozzles 26 of the half-abutments 3 and 4 so as to facilitate the advance of these in the thickness of the slope 1, during the sinking operation of these half-abutments.
  • the front spout is constituted, as illustrated in FIG. 10, by means of a T-section 29, on which is welded at one of its ends a flat iron 30, slightly sloping with respect to the profiled, so as to pack the ground over a limited thickness, for example of the order of 2 cm.
  • This mud is advantageously brought into place by a tube 32, embedded in the concrete 33 of the half-abutment, between the reinforcing bars 34, and connected at its opposite end (not shown) to a low pressure pump.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Description

La présente invention est relative à un procédé permettant la construction d'ouvrages tels que des passages ferroviaires, autoroutiers, routiers ou piétonniers au travers de talus ou terrassements quelconques supportant une ou plusieurs voies ferrées, sans nécessiter l'arrêt prolongé du trafic s'écoulant sur ces voies.The present invention relates to a method allowing the construction of works such as railway, motorway, road or pedestrian crossings through any embankment or earthworks supporting one or more railways, without requiring the prolonged stopping of traffic flowing on these tracks.

On connaît déjà un procédé autorisant la construction d'ouvrages du genre de passages routiers sous des voies ferrées dont la direction est généralement transversale à celle de ce passage, qui consiste à utiliser des éléments préfabriqués délimitant ce dernier et mis en place à travers le talus ou analogue supportant les voies après avoir ménagé dans celui-ci une tranchée de dimensions appropriées. Toutefois, cette solution présente l'inconvénient majeur d'exiger le sectionnement des voies sur la longueur correspondant au passage, puis après terrassement du talus pour dégager à travers celui-ci l'espace adéquat, à faire riper les éléments préfabriqués, avant de pouvoir finalement, une fois ces éléments assemblés et l'ensemble consolidé, reconstituer les voies. Avec une telle méthode, l'arrêt du trafic est nécessairement prolongé, d'au moins 48 heures dans les meilleurs conditions et pour un ouvrage de dimensions relativement limitées. Un tel arrêt prolongé est particulièrement préjudiciable, surtout si les voies ferrées concernées assurent l'acheminement en période normale d'un trafic importantA process is already known which authorizes the construction of works of the kind of road crossings under railways the direction of which is generally transverse to that of this passage, which consists in using prefabricated elements delimiting the latter and put in place through the embankment or the like supporting the tracks after having provided therein a trench of appropriate dimensions. However, this solution has the major drawback of requiring the sectioning of the tracks over the length corresponding to the passage, then after earthwork of the slope to clear through it the adequate space, to make the prefabricated elements rip, before being able to finally, once these elements are assembled and the whole consolidated, reconstruct the tracks. With such a method, the stopping of traffic is necessarily prolonged, at least 48 hours under the best conditions and for a structure of relatively limited dimensions. Such a prolonged stop is particularly detrimental, especially if the railways concerned provide heavy traffic during normal periods

Une autre solution consiste à mettre en place des tabliers auxiliaires acheminés par wagons ou autres moyens de transport, reposant sur des camarteaux en béton ou en bois. Après terrassement sous ces tabliers, auxiliaires, l'ouvrage est construit par tranches successives, exigeant un déplacement longitudinal des tabliers auxiliaires. Mais là encore, ce procédé qui demande des moyens de mise en oeuvre très importants, entraîne une immobilisation prolongée du trafic, avec les inconvénients qui en découlent, même si les travaux sont effectués de nuit ou pendant les week-end.Another solution consists in putting in place auxiliary aprons routed by wagons or other means of transport, resting on concrete or wooden camels. After earthworks under these auxiliary decks, the structure is built in successive sections, requiring longitudinal displacement of the auxiliary decks. But here again, this process which requires very significant means of implementation, leads to prolonged immobilization of the traffic, with the drawbacks which result therefrom, even if the works are carried out at night or during the weekends.

Enfin, on peut faire référence, dans l'état de la technique connue notamment par le brevet britannique GB-A-1 463 632, à une méthode dite de fonçage, qui consiste à faire pénétrer à force dans le talus sous les voies une structure creuse constituant l'encadrement du passage à réaliser, cette structure étant poussée progressivement dans le sol, la terre du talus étant au fur et à mesure retirée par l'intérieur de cette structure. La pénétration à force de celle-ci est réalisée au moyen de vérins qui prennent appui sur un côté de la structure et sur un massif de butée fixe de dimensions suffisantes pour être capable d'offrir une réaction convenable à la poussée des vérins. Dans ce cas toutefois, on conçoit de façon évidente que les efforts à développer soient considérables, notamment dès que la structure à mettre en place présente des dimensions significatives, ce qui entraîne des coûts de mise en oeuvre particulièrement élevés. De plus, la méthode en cause exige de procéder préalablement à un renforcement des voies, qui est également coûteux et long, en entraînant à nouveau la nécessité de ralentir, voire d'interrompre le trafic pendant une période relativement prolongée.Finally, reference may be made, in the prior art known in particular by British patent GB-A-1 463 632, to a so-called sinking method, which consists in forcing a structure into the slope under the tracks hollow constituting the framing of the passage to be produced, this structure being gradually pushed into the ground, the earth of the slope being gradually withdrawn from the interior of this structure. Force penetration of the latter is achieved by means of jacks which bear on one side of the structure and on a solid abutment fixed of sufficient dimensions to be able to offer a suitable reaction to the thrust of the jacks. In this case, however, it is obvious that the efforts to be developed are considerable, especially as soon as the structure to be put in place has significant dimensions, which leads to particularly high implementation costs. In addition, the method in question requires prior reinforcement of the tracks, which is also costly and time-consuming, again causing the need to slow down or even interrupt traffic for a relatively long period.

On peut également faire référence à propos de l'état de la technique à un procédé tel que décrit dans le FR-A-1 586544 qui concerne un procédé pour réaliser, de part et d'autre d'un passage aménagé dans un talus sous une voie, des parois latérales blindées, formées par adjonctions successives d'éléments appropriés avant que ne soit appuyé sur ces parois un tablier préfabriqué. Toutefois, ce procédé exige une coupure prolongée des voies et ne fait pas appel à la technique de fonçage tel que rappelé ci-dessus. Enfin, selon le DE-A-2 108 505, on connaît un procédé pour la mise en place d'un tablier de pont sur des culées latérales préalablement construites, mais cette solution exige à nouveau d'ouvrir totalement le talus et de couper la voie pendant une période nécessairement importante.Reference may also be made, in connection with the state of the art, to a process as described in FR-A-1 586544 which relates to a process for carrying out, on either side of a passage arranged in an embankment under a track, armored side walls, formed by successive additions of appropriate elements before a prefabricated deck is pressed on these walls. However, this process requires a prolonged shutdown of the tracks and does not use the sinking technique as recalled above. Finally, according to DE-A-2 108 505, a method is known for the installation of a bridge deck on previously constructed side abutments, but this solution again requires fully opening the slope and cutting the track for a necessarily important period.

La présente invention est relative à un procédé qui permet d'éviter les inconvénients des solutions rappelées ci-dessus, en assurant la réalisation sous le talus ou plus généralement la structure de support des voies ferrées ou autres, d'un passage routier ou piétonnier sans nécessiter une interruption de longue durée du trafic, qui soit facile à mettre en œuvre et qui n'entraîne que des frais réduits, quelles que soient les dimensions transversales de l'ouvrage à réaliser.The present invention relates to a method which makes it possible to avoid the drawbacks of the solutions recalled above, by ensuring the realization under the embankment or more generally the support structure of railways or the like, of a road or pedestrian crossing without require a long-term interruption of traffic, which is easy to implement and which entails only reduced costs, whatever the transverse dimensions of the work to be carried out.

A cet effet, le procédé considéré se caractérise en ce qu'il consiste à foncer transversalement de façon connue en elle-même, sous le talus, deux paires de demi-culées ou pieds droits évidés, disposés deux à deux en regard de part et d'autre des côtés délimitant le passage à réaliser et ménageant sous les voies, entre celles-ci et la face supérieure des demi-culées, une épaisseur de remblai limitée, à amener les demi-culées deux à deux en butée sensiblement dans le plan longitudinal médian du talus, à claver ces demi-culées dans leur zone de jonction mutuelle de part et d'autre de ce plan médian, à monter en place sous les voies des raidisseurs sur une longueur de celles-ci légèrement supérieure à celle qui sépare les deux paires de demi-culées, préalablement ou après le fonçage de celles-ci, à retirer le remblai entre les voies et les culées jointives sous les raidisseurs, à disposer sur les deux paires de demi-culées respectivement deux sommiers supports reposant sur ces demi-culées, à enlever les raidisseurs et à tronçonner alors les voies sur une longueur correspondant à la largeur du passage, à terrasser le remblai subsistant entre les sommiers sur une épaisseur nécessaire à l'encoffre- ment de deux demi-tabliers préfabriqués mis en place de chaque côté ou d'un seul côté du passage, ces demi-tabliers étant ripés latéralement sur les sommiers ou sur le dessus des culées, pour les faire reposer jointifs sur par leurs extrémités, à reconstituer les voies sur les demi-tabliers et à achever le terrassement du passage entre les deux paires de demi-culées sous les voies.To this end, the process considered is characterized in that it consists of driving transversely in a manner known per se, under the slope, two pairs of half-abutments or straight hollowed feet, arranged two by two opposite one another and on the other side delimiting the passage to be produced and providing beneath the tracks, between them and the upper face of the half-abutments, a limited fill thickness, to bring the half-abutments two by two in abutment substantially in the plane longitudinal median of the slope, to wedge these half-abutments in their mutual junction zone on either side of this median plane, to be fitted in place under the stiffener tracks over a length of these slightly longer than that which separates the two pairs of half-abutments, before or after the sinking of these, to remove the fill between the tracks and the abutments abutting under the stiffeners, to be placed on the two pairs of half-abutments respectively two so mmiers supports resting on these half-abutments, to remove the stiffeners and then to cut the tracks on a length corresponding to the width of the passage, to level the fill remaining between the box springs on a thickness necessary for the casing of two half -fabricated aprons in place on each side or only one side of the passage, these half-aprons being ripped sideways ment on the box springs or on the top of the abutments, to make them rest joined on by their ends, to reconstitute the tracks on the half-decks and to complete the earthwork of the passage between the two pairs of half-abutments under the tracks.

Selon une caractéristique particulière du procédé de l'invention, le fonçage des deux demi-culées de chaque paire est réalisé à l'aide de câbles traversant le talus, fixé chacun à une extrémité à une demi-culée et solidarisés à l'autre extrémité d'un vérin en appui sur l'autre demi-culée et exerçant sur le câble un effort de traction assurant le rapprochement mutuel des demi-culées.According to a particular characteristic of the process of the invention, the driving of the two half-abutments of each pair is carried out using cables crossing the slope, each fixed at one end to a half-abutment and secured to the other end of a jack bearing on the other half-abutment and exerting on the cable a tensile force ensuring the mutual approach of the half-abutments.

Avantageusement et selon une autre caractéristique également, on réalise par coulée de béton les deux demi-tabliers de part et d'autre du talus sur des échafaudages s'étendant parallèlement aux voies et surmontant les deux demi-culées des deux paires, disposées sur chacun des côtés du talus. De préférence, la coulée et le séchage des demi-tabliers sont réalisés pendant les opérations de fonçage des demi-culées dans le talus.Advantageously and according to another characteristic also, the two half-decks are produced by pouring concrete on either side of the slope on scaffolding extending parallel to the tracks and surmounting the two half-abutments of the two pairs, arranged on each sides of the slope. Preferably, the casting and drying of the half-decks is carried out during the sinking operations of the half-abutments in the slope.

Le procédé selon l'invention permet ainsi une organisation optimale des opérations successives à effectuer, parmi lesquelles la coupure des voies et l'interruption du trafic qui en résulte sont réduites au minimum, correspondant à la seule mise en place des demi-tabliers, eux-mêmes préalablement construits aux dimensions exactement prévues de part et d'autre du talus durant les opérations préalables de fonçage des demi-culées, de renforcement des voies et de réalisation des sommiers destinés à recevoir ces tabliers.The method according to the invention thus allows an optimal organization of the successive operations to be carried out, among which the cutting of the tracks and the interruption of the traffic which results therefrom are reduced to the minimum, corresponding to the only installation of the half-decks, -same previously built to the dimensions exactly provided on either side of the slope during the prior operations of sinking the half-abutments, reinforcing the tracks and making the box springs intended to receive these decks.

Notamment, le procédé de l'invention permet, sans avoir à sectionner les voies, de réaliser sous celles-ci, dans l'espace limité disponible entre la face supérieure des demi-culées une fois jointives et les voies elles-mêmes, les sommiers de support des tabliers.In particular, the method of the invention makes it possible, without having to cut the tracks, to produce under them, in the limited space available between the upper face of the half-abutments once joined and the tracks themselves, the box springs support for aprons.

Selon le cas, on coule les sommiers sur place ou on procède au scellement sur les demi-culées de sommiers préfabriqués de façon à rattraper ainsi un éventuel défaut d'alignement des faces jointives des demi-culées. - En variante, les demi-tabliers sont préalablement construits sur les deux sommiers qui sont ripés avec les tabliers sur les demi-culées sous les voies.Depending on the case, the box springs are poured in place or the prefabricated box springs are sealed on the half-abutments so as to make up for any misalignment of the contiguous faces of the half-abutments. - Alternatively, the half-decks are previously built on the two box springs which are ripped with the decks on the half-abutments under the tracks.

L'invention procure en conséquence à la fois une très grande économie dans les moyens de manutention et de fabrication nécessaires à la mise en œuvre de diverses étapes du processus envisagé, et également une rapidité dans l'accomplissement de ces étapes, en autorisant dès lors une réduction particulièrement sensible du coût total de ces opérations. Il faut souligner que toutes ces étapes entrent dans la construction définitive de l'ouvrage, ce qui est un facteur supplémentaire d'économie, par rapport à toutes les autres méthodes qui introduisent des étapes supplémentaires qui affectent le coût global de l'ouvrage. En outre, il convient de souligner que la nature et la séquence de ces opérations ne sont en aucune façon tributaires des dimensions transversales et même longitudinales du passage à réaliser sous les voies, perpendiculairement à celles-ci, le procédé pouvant aussi bien s'appliquer pour des ouvrages nécessitant plusieurs travées successives, reposant sur autant de paires de demi-culées transversales parallèles, les tabliers supportés par ces demi-culées deux à deux pouvant présenter des dimensions longitudinales aussi importantes que nécessaires.The invention consequently provides both a very great economy in the handling and manufacturing means necessary for the implementation of various stages of the process envisaged, and also a speed in the accomplishment of these stages, by authorizing consequently a particularly significant reduction in the total cost of these operations. It should be emphasized that all these stages enter into the final construction of the structure, which is an additional factor of economy, compared to all the other methods which introduce additional stages which affect the overall cost of the structure. In addition, it should be emphasized that the nature and the sequence of these operations are in no way dependent on the transverse and even longitudinal dimensions of the passage to be carried out under the tracks, perpendicular to them, the process being equally applicable for works requiring several successive spans, based on as many pairs of parallel transverse half-abutments, the decks supported by these half-abutments two by two may have longitudinal dimensions as large as necessary.

L'invention sera encore plus explicitement exposée à travers la description qui suit d'un exemple de mise en oeuvre du procédé considéré, donné à titre indicatif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un talus supportant des voies de chemin de fer sous lesquelles est à réaliser, selon l'invention, un passage routier ou piétonnier, illustrant la mise en place préliminaire de deux demi-culées.
  • La figure 2 est une vue analogue à la figure 1, expliquant le processus de fonçage des deux demi-culées.
  • Les figures 3 et 4 sont à nouveau des vues analogues aux précédentes mais destinées à expliciter diverses étapes ultérieures de la mise en œuvre du procédé.
  • La figure 5 illustre en deux demi-coupes longitudinales selon la direction des voies ferrées, respectivement à gauche sur le dessin de la réalisation des. sommiers de support des tabliers, et à droite le montage de ces derniers sur ces sommiers.
  • La figure 5a illustre une variante de réalisation des sommiers et des tabliers.
  • La figure 6 est une vue en perspective partielle des moyens de renforcement fixés sous les voies.
  • La figure 7 est une vue en perspective permettant de préciser l'ensemble des opérations réalisées selon l'invention.
  • Les figures 8 et 9 illustrent une variante de mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention au moyen de paires de demi-culées perfectionnées.
  • La figure 10 enfin, représente à plus grande échelle l'avant-bec d'une des demi-culées, muni d'un perfectionnement facilitant son déplacement dans le talus à travers lequel s'effectue le fonçage de cette demi-culée.
The invention will be more clearly explained through the following description of an example of implementation of the process under consideration, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embankment supporting railway tracks under which is to achieve, according to the invention, a road or pedestrian crossing, illustrating the preliminary establishment of two half-abutments.
  • Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1, explaining the sinking process of the two half-abutments.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are again views similar to the previous but intended to explain various subsequent stages of the implementation of the method.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates in two longitudinal half-sections along the direction of the railways, respectively on the left in the drawing of the production of. support bases for the aprons, and on the right the mounting thereof on these bases.
  • Figure 5a illustrates an alternative embodiment of the box springs and aprons.
  • Figure 6 is a partial perspective view of the reinforcing means fixed under the tracks.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view to specify all of the operations performed according to the invention.
  • Figures 8 and 9 illustrate an alternative implementation of the method according to the invention by means of pairs of improved half-abutments.
  • Finally, FIG. 10 shows on a larger scale the front spout of one of the half-abutments, provided with an improvement facilitating its movement in the slope through which the driving of this half-abutment takes place.

Sur les figures 1 à 7 on a désigné sous la référence 1 un talus de support d'une ou plusieurs voies ferrées 2. Bien entendu, il va de soi que la forme particulière de ce talus, de même que la nature ou l'agencement des voies 2 sont sans incidence directe sur la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention, celui-ci pouvant être appliqué de façon identique pour réaliser un passage sous un terrassement quelconque supportant des voies différentes, mêmes si son application aux chemins de fer semble particulièrement avantageuse.In FIGS. 1 to 7, an embankment for supporting one or more railway tracks has been designated under the reference 1. Of course, it goes without saying that the particular shape of this embankment, as well as the nature or the arrangement tracks 2 have no direct impact on the implementation of the method according to the invention, which can be applied identically to make a passage under any earthwork supporting different tracks, even if its application to railways seems particularly advantageous.

Afin de réaliser sous ces voies un passage libre, par exemple à usage routier et/ou piétonnier, on .utilise des paires de demi-culées creuses ou pieds droits respectivement 3 et 4, disposés de part et d'autre du talus 1, ces demi-culées présentant une structure creuse 5 (figure 5) permettant notamment, une fois l'ouvrage achevé et comme on le verra plus loin, la circulation des piétons par exemple, l'espace aménagé entre les culées de deux paires voisines étant réservé aux véhicules. Notamment, il doit être considéré ici que le procédé selon l'invention, décrit ci-après en relation avec un exemple mettant en oeuvre deux paires de demi-culées du genre précédent, pourrait être adapté avec un nombre plus important de telles paires, en particulier si la largeur du passage à réaliser est très importante, les paires de demi-culées constituant alors deux à deux des travées voisines.In order to provide a free passage under these routes, for example for road and / or pedestrian use, pairs of hollow half-abutments or straight feet 3 and 4 respectively, arranged on either side of the slope 1, are used. half-abutments with a hollow structure 5 (Figure 5) allowing in particular, once the work is completed and as will be seen below, pedestrian traffic for example, the space provided between the abutments of two neighboring pairs being reserved for vehicles. In particular, it should be considered here that the method according to the invention, described below in relation to an example using two pairs of half-abutments of the preceding type, could be adapted with a larger number of such pairs, in particularly if the width of the passage to be made is very large, the pairs of half-abutments then constituting two by two of the neighboring spans.

Les demi-culées 3 et 4 dans chaque paire sont réunies deux à deux à travers le talus 1 au moyen de câbles de précontrainte 6, fixés chacun à une extrémité 7 sur l'une des demi-culées 3 et à l'autre sur un vérin hydraulique ou autre 8, porté par la demi-culée en regard. Le nombre de câbles 6 reliant ainsi les deux demi-culées est choisi selon les efforts à développer pour assurer le fonçage de l'une vers l'autre à travers le sol du talus 1 de façon à rapprocher ces éléments mutuellement et progressivement l'un de l'autre. La terre 9 qui au fur et à mesure remplit la partie évidée interne 5 des demi-culées lors de leurs avances respectives est évacuée en continu par un tapis excavateur 10 ou par tout autre moyen de terrassement approprié. On notera à cet égard que cette technique de fonçage mutuel de structures creuses l'une vers l'autre est désormais connue dans la technique mais résulte de travaux et de publications du demandeur.The half-abutments 3 and 4 in each pair are joined in pairs through the slope 1 by means of prestressing cables 6, each fixed at one end 7 to one of the half-abutments 3 and to the other on a hydraulic or other cylinder 8, carried by the facing half-abutment. The number of cables 6 thus connecting the two half-abutments is chosen according to the efforts to be developed to ensure the sinking of one towards the other through the ground of the slope 1 so as to bring these elements together and gradually one the other. The soil 9 which progressively fills the internal hollowed out part 5 of the half-abutments during their respective advances is continuously evacuated by an excavator belt 10 or by any other suitable earthmoving means. It will be noted in this regard that this technique of mutual sinking of hollow structures towards each other is now known in the art but results from work and publications of the applicant.

Parallèlement à la mise en place des demi-culées 3 et 4 de chaque côté du talus 1, on dispose au dessus de celles-ci, parallèlement aux voies 2 et sur les culées appartenant à deux paires voisines, des échafaudages 11 qui viennent ainsi surmonter les deux demi-culées 3 ou 4 selon le côté où ils sont prévus, ces échafaudages étant destinés à supporter respectivement deux demi-tabliers 12 et 13, qui seront adaptés à constituer, une fois l'ouvrage achevé, le tablier ou la traverse de support de la voie 2 au-dessus du passage transversal à réaliser sous le talus 1. Ces demi-tabliers 12 et 13 peuvent être réalisés de toute manière connue dans la technique du bâtiment, notamment être coulés sous coffrage sur place aux dimensions exactes de la portée à obtenir entre les culées qui formeront les côtés latéraux du passage. Il est à noter que, selon le cas, les deux demi-tabliers peuvent être fabriqués soit du même côté, soit de part et d'autre du talus.Parallel to the installation of the half-abutments 3 and 4 on each side of the slope 1, there are above them, parallel to the tracks 2 and on the abutments belonging to two adjacent pairs, scaffolding 11 which thus overcome the two half-abutments 3 or 4 depending on the side where they are provided, these scaffolding being intended to support respectively two half-decks 12 and 13, which will be adapted to constitute, once the work is completed, the deck or the crosspiece of support for track 2 above the transverse passage to be made under the slope 1. These half-decks 12 and 13 can be made in any manner known in the building technique, in particular be cast in formwork on site to the exact dimensions of the range to be obtained between the abutments which will form the lateral sides of the passage. It should be noted that, depending on the case, the two half-decks can be manufactured either on the same side or on either side of the slope.

La forme et la structure de ces demi-tabliers est à nouveau sans incidence directe sur la mise en oeuvre du procédé. Notamment, ils peuvent être partiellement ou totalement préfabriqués et amenés directement par des engins de manutention appropriés sur leur échafaudage, ou bien être construits directement sur ceux-ci, en mettant à profit le temps nécessaire au fonçage des culées en vue de leur fabrication et notamment s'ils sont réalisés en béton coulé, pour le séchage suffisant de celui-ci.The shape and structure of these half-aprons is again without direct impact on the implementation of the method. In particular, they can be partially or completely prefabricated and brought directly by appropriate handling equipment to their scaffolding, or else be built directly on them, taking advantage of the time necessary for driving the abutments for their manufacture and in particular if they are made of poured concrete, for sufficient drying thereof.

Lorsque les deux demi-culées 3 et 4 dans chaque paire sont suffisamment enfoncées dans le talus 1, notamment lorsque leur pointe d'extrémité 14 vient en jonction de l'une à l'autre sensiblement dans le plan longitudinal médian du talus 1, on poursuit l'enlèvement de la terre jusqu'à réaliser la continuité du conduit matérialisé par ces culées ainsi face à face. A cet instant, on les clave ensemble dans leurs régions 15 à pan incliné prévues entre elles ou merlons, la forme en pointe de chaque demi-culée étant généralement adoptée pour éviter un éboulement du terrain lors du fonçage. Au cours de cette opération de clavage, on assure ainsi par mise en place et scellement de plaques de béton de profil adapté ou plus simplement par remplissage de l'espace ainsi délimité par une couche de béton coulé dans un coffrage ou projeté, en continuité des parois des culées elles-mêmes, le prolongement de l'une et de l'autre de celles-ci qui délimitent alors à travers le talus et deux par deux un couloir continu et ouvert à ses deux extrémités, la face supérieure 16 des demi-culées se disposant dans un plan horizontal si le fonçage a été réalisé dans des conditions optimales mais pouvant le cas échéant présenter un léger décalage en hauteur de l'une à l'autre, ce qui, comme on va le voir, ne présente aucun inconvénient mais exige seulement un rattrapage du jeu par un raccord de béton approprié.When the two half-abutments 3 and 4 in each pair are sufficiently driven into the slope 1, in particular when their end point 14 comes into junction from one to the other substantially in the median longitudinal plane of the slope 1, we continues the removal of the earth until the continuity of the conduit materialized by these abutments is thus achieved face to face. At this instant, they are claved together in their inclined pan regions 15 provided between them or merlons, the point shape of each half-abutment being generally adopted to avoid a landslide during sinking. During this keying operation, this is ensured by placing and sealing concrete sheets of suitable profile or more simply by filling the space thus delimited by a layer of concrete poured into a formwork or projected, in continuity with the walls of the abutments themselves, the extension of one and the other of these which then delimit through the slope and two by two a continuous corridor open at its two ends, the upper face 16 of the half abutments which are arranged in a horizontal plane if the sinking has been carried out under optimal conditions but which may, if necessary, have a slight offset in height from one to the other, which, as will be seen, has no drawbacks but only requires a backlash by an appropriate concrete connection.

Dans la phase suivante, on procède alors à un renforcement des voies 2 sur une dimension longitudinale de celles-ci un peu supérieure à celle qui sépare les paires de demi-culées préalablement aboutées comme dit ci-dessus. En variante, la mise en place des raidisseurs peut être effectuée préalablement au fonçage des demi-culées. Ce renforcement est avantageusement réalisé comme montré sur la figure 6 en disposant sur les traverses en bois 17 portant les rails 18 des voies 2 des fers longitudinaux en H ou en I 19, fixés sur ces traverses et sous lesquels sont soudés. ou boulonnés transversalement d'autres fers 20, conférant à l'ensemble une faculté de raidissement convenable. Naturellement, il est clair que la structure de ces fers et plus généralement la manière dont est réalisé le renforcement des voies 2 n'a pas d'incidence directe sur l'invention, le seul impératif étant de pouvoir rigidifier suffisamment celles-ci pour permettre, sans créer de fléchissement inacceptable, d'évacuer sous les voies au droit des culées jointives 3 et 4 parallèlement à la surface supérieure 16 de celles-ci, la terre du remblai pour laisser libre un espace 21 de hauteur limitée.In the following phase, we then reinforce the tracks 2 on a longitudinal dimension of these a little greater than that which separates the pairs of half-abutments previously abutted as said above. Alternatively, the stiffeners can be put in place before the half-abutments are driven. This reinforcement is advantageously carried out as shown in FIG. 6 by placing on the wooden crosspieces 17 carrying the rails 18 of the tracks 2 of the H or I-shaped longitudinal irons 19, fixed on these crosspieces and under which are welded. or bolted transversely to other irons 20, giving the assembly a suitable stiffening power. Naturally, it is clear that the structure of these irons and more generally the manner in which the strengthening of the tracks 2 is carried out has no direct impact on the invention, the only imperative being to be able to stiffen them sufficiently to allow , without creating an unacceptable deflection, to evacuate under the tracks to the right of the abutments 3 and 4 parallel to the upper surface 16 thereof, the earth of the embankment to leave free a space 21 of limited height.

A souligner que pendant cette opération comme d'ailleurs pendant toutes celles qui précédent, le trafic ferroviaire n'a à aucun moment dû être arrêté, le renforcement des voies pouvant être aisément réalisé entre deux passages successifs de trains. En outre, l'excavation de l'espace 21 est limitée à des dimensions suffisantes pour que ce renforcement soit à même d'assurer la rigidité nécessaire sans avoir à interrompre le trafic.It should be noted that during this operation, as indeed during all of the preceding ones, the rail traffic had at no time to be stopped, the strengthening of the tracks being able to be easily carried out between two successive train passages. In addition, the excavation of the space 21 is limited to sufficient dimensions for this reinforcement to be able to provide the necessary rigidity without having to interrupt the traffic.

Une fois l'espace 21 rendu libre, on dispose sur la surface 16 de chaque paire de demi-culées un sommier 22 transversal aux voies, présentant le cas échéant un renfort latéral 23 évitant que les déblais de terre ne viennent s'ébouler sur le sommier lui-même. Ce sommier 22 peut être réalisé au moyen d'un élément préfabriqué ripé sur place ou fabriqué in situ aux dimensions adéquates correspondant à la largeur des deux demi-tabliers 12 et 13. Eventuellement, et comme déjà dit, la mise en place du sommier 22 peut être effectuée avec un rattrapage du jeu à la jonction des deux demi-culées 3 et 4 correspondantes.Once the space 21 is free, we have on the surface 16 of each pair of half-abutments a box spring transverse to the tracks, if necessary having a lateral reinforcement 23 preventing the earth spoil from collapsing on the bed base itself. This box spring 22 can be produced by means of a prefabricated element riped on site or manufactured in situ with adequate dimensions corresponding to the width of the two half-decks 12 and 13. Possibly, and as already said, the installation of the bed base 22 can be carried out with a backlash at the junction of the two corresponding half-abutments 3 and 4.

Dans l'étape suivante, on sectionne alors les voies 2 entre les sommiers 22 ainsi réalisés sur les demi-culées des deux paires voisines délimitant la largeur du passage à effectuer, puis on retire le remblai 24 au dessus du plan 16 des culées afin de permettre, par tout moyen classique approprié, de faire riper les demi-tabliers 12 et 13 l'un vers l'autre en les amenant en fin de course à reposer sur les sommiers 22 dont l'écartement a été préalablement exactement déterminé (figures 3 et 4). En variante, et comme schématiquement illustré sur la figure 5a, les sommiers 22 et les tabliers 12 et/ou 13 peuvent être réalisés les uns et les autres à l'extérieur de la voie puis, une fois ces tabliers reposant sur les sommiers, ripés ensemble sous les voies 2 sur les demi-culées correspondantes.In the next step, the tracks 2 are then sectioned between the box springs 22 thus produced on the half-abutments of the two adjacent pairs delimiting the width of the passage to be carried out, then the fill 24 is removed above the plane 16 of the abutments in order to allow, by any suitable conventional means, to cause the half-aprons 12 and 13 to slide towards each other by bringing them, at the end of the race, to rest on the box springs 22 whose spacing has been exactly determined beforehand (FIGS. 3 and 4). As a variant, and as schematically illustrated in FIG. 5a, the box springs 22 and the aprons 12 and / or 13 can be made one and the other outside the track and then, once these aprons resting on the box springs, riped together under tracks 2 on the corresponding half-abutments.

Les demi-tabliers 12 et 13 étant ainsi en place et jointifs sous l'emplacement des voies, celles-ci peuvent alors être immédiatement reconstituées, la mise en oeuvre du procédé n'ayant donc interrompu le trafic effectif sur celles-ci que pour un laps de temps très réduit, quelques heures au plus, juste indispensable à la coupe des voies et à leur enlèvement au terrassement, au ripage des tabliers et au rétablissement de la continuité des rails, du ballast et autres accessoires ordinaires constituant les voies.The half-decks 12 and 13 being thus in place and contiguous under the location of the tracks, these can then be immediately reconstituted, the implementation of the process having therefore interrupted the actual traffic on them only for one very short period of time, a few hours at most, just essential for cutting the tracks and removing them from earthwork, shifting the decks and restoring the continuity of the rails, ballast and other ordinary accessories constituting the tracks.

Le trafic ferroviaire étant repris, les finitions de l'ouvrage peuvent alors être entreprises sans gêner le trafic, consistant d'une part à aménager les bords du talus 1 au droit et au-delà de l'affleurement des demi-culées et à terrasser le sol sous les demi-tabliers pour dégager l'espace 25 constituant le passage ainsi pratiqué sous les voies (figure 5).With the rail traffic resumed, the finishing of the structure can then be undertaken without interfering with the traffic, consisting on the one hand of laying out the edges of slope 1 at right and beyond the outcrop of the half-abutments and terracing the floor under the half-decks to clear the space 25 constituting the passage thus made under the tracks (Figure 5).

On réalise ainsi un ouvrage d'art, notamment un passage sous des voies de roulement, dans des conditions qui, tout en procurant une sécurité pour l'écoulement ultérieur du trafic sur ces voies, permettent un gain de temps et une économie de moyens particulièrement appréciables. L'invention peut naturellement s'adapter à des géométries particulières d'ouvrages et/ou de voies ferrées, sans modifier les principes généraux de sa mise en oeuvre qui dans tous les cas conduisent à une réduction tout à fait significative du temps où les voies sont indisponibles, toutes les opérations préalables et ultérieures à cette seule étape du processus étant effectuées sans interrompre le trafic.A work of art is thus produced, in particular a passage under rolling tracks, under conditions which, while providing security for the subsequent flow of traffic on these tracks, allow a saving of time and an economy of means particularly appreciable. The invention can naturally be adapted to particular geometries of works and / or railways, without modifying the general principles of its implementation which in all cases lead to a quite significant reduction in the time when the tracks are unavailable, all operations before and after this single step in the process being carried out without interrupting traffic.

En conséquence, il doit être considéré que l'invention ne se limite pas au seul exemple de mise en œuvre plus spécialement décrit et représenté ; elle en embrasse toutes les variantes. Ainsi, et comme illustré sur les figures 8 et 9, on peut avantageusement mettre en oeuvre, notamment lorsque la configuration du talus exige, l'utilisation de demi-culées de grande hauteur, des structures qui, tout en restant d'un seul tenant, sont divisées en plusieurs parties étagées par exemple 3a et 3b pour la demi-culée 3 et 4a et 4b pour la demi-culée 4. Chacune de ces parties présente ainsi un avant-bec ou pointe 26a, 26b, les deux avant-becs de chaque culée étant situés dans un même plan vertical 27. L'inclinaison moyenne des avant-becs 26 est choisie ici égale à 45°, ce qui permet de conserver une pente à 3/2 lors du terrassement du front de taille en cours de fonçage des demi-culées de la manière précisée précédemment. Il en résulte une diminution sensible de la profondeur théoriquement nécessaire en cas d'avant-bec à pente unique, afin d'assurer la stabilité du talus 1 au cours de ce fonçage.Consequently, it should be considered that the invention is not limited to the single example of implementation more particularly described and represented; it embraces all its variants. Thus, and as illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9, it is advantageous to implement, in particular when the slope configuration requires, the use of half-abutments of great height, structures which, while remaining in one piece , are divided into several stepped parts, for example 3a and 3b for the half-abutment 3 and 4a and 4b for the half-abutment 4. Each of these parts thus has a front spout or tip 26a, 26b, the two front spouts of each abutment being located in the same vertical plane 27. The mean inclination of the front-nozzles 26 is here chosen equal to 45 °, which makes it possible to maintain a slope of 3/2 during the earthworks of the working face being sinking of the half-abutments in the manner specified above. This results in a significant reduction in the depth theoretically necessary in the case of a single slope forearm, in order to ensure the stability of the slope 1 during this driving.

Une fois l'accostage des deux demi-culées 3 et 4 réalisé (figure 9), le clavage de celles-ci au fur et à mesure du terrassement dans la partie centrale ou merlons 15 est réalisé en assurant le blindage des parois latérales des demi-culées. Ces opérations de terrassement et de blindage sont effectuées du haut vers le bas, la forme particulière des avant-becs 26 de ces demi-culées permettant de réduire de manière notable la longueur et la surface de ce blindage.Once the two half-abutments 3 and 4 have been docked (FIG. 9), the keying thereof as and when the earthworks in the central part or merlons 15 are carried out by shielding the side walls of the half -culated. These earthmoving and shielding operations are carried out from top to bottom, the particular shape of the front spouts 26 of these half-abutments making it possible to significantly reduce the length and the surface of this shielding.

A noter que la réalisation de demi-culées étagées conformément aux caractéristiques ci-dessus, procure encore deux autres avantages. En premier lieu, chaque demi-culée comporte au niveau de la séparation de ses étages successifs 3a, 3b ou 4a, 4b, une dalle intermédiaire 28, propre à servir de buton lorsque les demi-culées sont accostées et clavées entre elles, en permettant de diminuer la quantité d'acier nécessaire à la tenue des pied-droits. En second lieu, grâce au fractionnement des demi-culées avec des avant-becs 26 en dents de scie, on constate que seule la dent inférieure 26b pénètre, au début de l'opération de fonçage dans le talus 1. La charge du remblai au-dessus de cet avant-bec est donc relativement plus limitée ce qui réduit le risque de soulèvement lorsque l'effort nécessaire au fonçage est exercé. Avec la solution proposée, l'avant-bec supérieur 26a procure par lui-même une surcharge permanente sur l'étage inférieur dirigé vers le bas, qui évite le risque de soulèvement lors de l'avance de la demi-culée correspondante.It should be noted that the production of stepped half-abutments in accordance with the above characteristics provides two other advantages. Firstly, each half-abutment comprises at the level of the separation of its successive stages 3a, 3b or 4a, 4b, an intermediate slab 28, suitable for serving as a strut when the half-abutments are approached and keyed together, allowing reduce the amount of steel required to hold the right feet. Secondly, thanks to the splitting of the half-abutments with serrated front-beaks 26, it can be seen that only the lower tooth 26b penetrates, at the start of the sinking operation in the slope 1. The backfill load at - Above this front spout is therefore relatively more limited, which reduces the risk of lifting when the force necessary for driving is exerted. With the proposed solution, the upper front spout 26a by itself provides a permanent overload on the lower stage directed downwards, which avoids the risk of lifting when the corresponding half-abutment advances.

Un autre perfectionnement utilement envisagé, quelque soit le mode d'exécution du procédé de l'invention selon les variantes envisagées ci-dessus, consiste à aménager les avant-becs 26 des demi-culées 3 et 4 de manière à faciliter l'avance de celles-ci dans l'épaisseur du talus 1, lors de l'opération de fonçage de ces demi-culées.Another improvement usefully envisaged, whatever the method of carrying out the process of the invention according to the variants envisaged above, consists in arranging the front-nozzles 26 of the half-abutments 3 and 4 so as to facilitate the advance of these in the thickness of the slope 1, during the sinking operation of these half-abutments.

Dans ce but, l'avant-bec est constitué, comme illustré sur la figure 10, au moyen d'un profilé en T 29, sur lequel est soudé à une de ses extrémités un fer plat 30, légèrement en pente vis à vis du profilé, de manière à tasser le terrain sur une épaisseur limitée, par exemple de l'ordre de 2 cm. Dans l'espace ainsi dégagé derrière l'avant-bec, peut alors être injectée une boue liquide 31, du genre boue thixotropique ou autre liquide, tel qu'un gel par exemple, qui assure une certaine lubrification des parois de la demi-culée, lors de son avance. Cette boue est avantageusement amenée en place par un tube 32, noyé dans le béton 33 de la demi-culée, entre les fers 34 d'armature, et relié à son extrémité opposée (non représentée) à une pompe à basse pression.For this purpose, the front spout is constituted, as illustrated in FIG. 10, by means of a T-section 29, on which is welded at one of its ends a flat iron 30, slightly sloping with respect to the profiled, so as to pack the ground over a limited thickness, for example of the order of 2 cm. In the space thus cleared behind the front spout, can then be injected a liquid mud 31, of the thixotropic mud kind or other liquid, such as a gel for example, which provides a certain lubrication of the walls of the half-abutment , during his advance. This mud is advantageously brought into place by a tube 32, embedded in the concrete 33 of the half-abutment, between the reinforcing bars 34, and connected at its opposite end (not shown) to a low pressure pump.

Claims (12)

1. A process of constructing civil engineering works under lines of rails which are being used, especially of constructing an underpass or a pedestrians'subway traversing a dam or like embankment which supports the rails, characterised in that the process comprises : forcing beneath the dam (1), in a manner known per se, two pairs of hollow half-abutments (3, 4) which are disposed in respective opposed pairs on either side of the subway to be constructed and which leave beneath the lines of rails a limited thickness of dam material (24) between said rails and the top of said abutments, causing two respective ones of said half-abutments to abut each other substantially in the central longitudinal plane of the dam (1), joining these half-abutments in their mutual abutting zones on either side of said central plane, mounting stiffeners (19, 20) beneath said lines of rails (2) along a length thereof which is somewhat greater than the distance between the two pairs of half-abutments, removing either before or after forcing of said half-abutments the dam material beneath the stiffeners between the lines of rails and the half-abutments to be joined, placing two supporting girders (22) on top of each pair of said two pairs of half-abutments, removing the stiffeners and subsequently cutting the lines of rails along a length corresponding to the width of the subway, removing the dam material remaining between said supporting girders to a thickness which is required for mounting two prefabricated semi-slabs (12, 13) which are inserted from each side or from only one side of the .subway, said two semi-slabs being moved sideways onto the supporting girders or onto the top of said half-abutments so that they rest thereon with their ends abutting each other, reconstructing the lines of rails above said semi-slabs, and clearing the subway (25) between the two pairs of half-abutments beneath the lines of rails.
2. Process as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that forcing of said two half-abutments (3, 4) of each pair is performed by means of cables (6) extending through the dam, each cable being secured at one end (7) thereof to a half-abutment and being anchored at the other end to a ram cylinder (8) which is supported by the other half-abutment and exerts a pull on the cable to cause the two half-abutments to move towards each other.
3. Process as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the two semi-slabs (12, 13) are manufactured by casting concrete on either side of the dam (1) on scaffolding frames (11) which extend in parallel to the lines of rails (2) and project beyond the two half-abutments (3, 4) of said two pairs which are placed on either side of the dam.
4. Process as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that casting and setting of the semi-slabs (12, 13) is performed during the steps of forcing the half-abutments (3, 4) into the dam (1).
5. Process as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that either the supporting girders (22) are cast in situ or prefabricated supporting girders are sealed on said two pairs of half-abutments (3, 4) so that possible errors in the alignment of the abutting faces of the half-abutments are compensated.
6. Process as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the two semi-slabs (12, 13) are premounted on the two supporting girders (22) which are moved together with said two slabs onto the half-abutments beneath the lines of rails.
7. A system for performing the process as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the system comprises the following elements : means for automatically forcing in hollow half-abutments of which two respective ones are disposed opposite each other on one and the other side of the dam, means for manufacturing two elongate semi-slabs extending widthwise between and over two half-abutments of two adjacent pairs, means for manufacturing and in- situ mounting transverse supporting girders which accommodate the semi-slabs and extend respectively across two half-abutments of one and the same pair, and members for temporarily stiffening the lines of rails so as to support the same during manufacture of the supporting girders.
8. System as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the half-abutments (3, 4), which are made in a single piece, are subdivided into plural stepped portions (3a, 3b, 4a, 4b).
9. System as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that the half-abutments (3, 4) include front heads (26) at the level of each step in the same vertical plane.
10. System as claimed in any one of the claims 8 or 9, characterised in that in each half-abutment (3, 4) the steps are separated by partitions (28) each forming a strut.
11. System as claimed in any one of the claims 7 to 10, characterised in that each half-abutment (3, 4) includes in its front head (26) a T-section (29) to which a flat bar (30) is welded at an inclination relative to said T-section, said flat bar defining behind the front head a space into which liquid sludge is injected.
12. System as claimed in claim 11, characterised in that the supply of liquid sludge is effected through a pipe (32) which is embedded in the concrete (33) of the half-abutment and communicates with a low lift pump.
EP87400959A 1986-05-09 1987-04-24 Process for carrying out works under railway tracks in operation Expired - Lifetime EP0245155B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87400959T ATE49263T1 (en) 1986-05-09 1987-04-24 PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF STRUCTURES UNDER OPERATING RAILWAYS.

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8606694A FR2593549B1 (en) 1986-05-09 1986-05-09 PROCESS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURES UNDER RAILWAYS IN OPERATION AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD
FR8606694 1986-05-09
FR8614098 1986-10-10
FR8614099 1986-10-10
FR8614098A FR2591275B2 (en) 1986-05-09 1986-10-10 PROCESS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURES UNDER RAILWAYS IN OPERATION AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD
FR8614099A FR2591276B2 (en) 1986-05-09 1986-10-10 PROCESS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURES UNDER RAILWAYS IN OPERATION AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0245155A1 EP0245155A1 (en) 1987-11-11
EP0245155B1 true EP0245155B1 (en) 1990-01-03

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EP87400959A Expired - Lifetime EP0245155B1 (en) 1986-05-09 1987-04-24 Process for carrying out works under railway tracks in operation

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EP (1) EP0245155B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3761319D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2012490B3 (en)

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FR2651813B1 (en) * 1989-09-14 1992-11-06 Beauthier Jean Marie PROCESS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF WORKS, ESPECIALLY CROSSINGS UNDER A RAILWAY.
FR2653144B1 (en) * 1989-10-17 1994-05-06 Bertrand Claude PROCESS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF WORKS OF ART UNDER RAILWAYS IN OPERATION.
GB8927648D0 (en) * 1989-12-07 1990-02-07 Aeb Jacked Structures Ltd Improvements in and relating to forming a passageway through the ground
IT1255694B (en) * 1992-09-29 1995-11-10 Provisional structure for supporting railway tracks
FR2699594B1 (en) * 1992-12-17 1995-02-03 Beauthier Jean Marie Method for making a transverse passage under a railroad or a carriageway.
FR2701734B1 (en) 1993-02-19 1995-04-07 Beauthier Jean Marie Process for the construction of works under an embankment to support a railway or the like.
KR100463715B1 (en) * 2002-03-18 2004-12-29 한 성 육 apparatus for constructing unexcavated underground tunnel for railroad traverse and method for constructing underground tunnel for railroad traverse using the same
EP1820934A1 (en) * 2006-02-17 2007-08-22 Aix Research Limited Method and system for forming a tunnel beneath a travelway
ES2262445B1 (en) * 2006-03-13 2007-11-16 Petrucco S.A. ELEMENT OF DRAINED DRAWER.
ES2504265T3 (en) * 2006-05-29 2014-10-08 Petrucco S.A. Lift provision
FR3002955B1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2016-09-09 Soc Nat Des Chemins De Fer Francais Sncf STIFFENER FOR RAILWAY AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH STIFFENER
CN108442933B (en) * 2018-03-02 2020-11-24 中铁十二局集团有限公司 Shield starting base and shield starting method
CN108867664B (en) * 2018-09-04 2023-09-15 临沂大学 Road-to-bridge Duan Jikeng supporting structure based on reverse construction method and construction method thereof

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DE2219567A1 (en) * 1972-04-21 1973-10-31 Held & Francke Bau Ag PROCEDURE FOR NIGHTLY INSTALLATION OF AN UNDERGROUND STRUCTURE
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3761319D1 (en) 1990-02-08
ES2012490B3 (en) 1990-04-01
EP0245155A1 (en) 1987-11-11

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