EP0242664A1 - Interrupteur électrique à actionnement manuel - Google Patents

Interrupteur électrique à actionnement manuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0242664A1
EP0242664A1 EP87104953A EP87104953A EP0242664A1 EP 0242664 A1 EP0242664 A1 EP 0242664A1 EP 87104953 A EP87104953 A EP 87104953A EP 87104953 A EP87104953 A EP 87104953A EP 0242664 A1 EP0242664 A1 EP 0242664A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
switch
pressure
lever
switch according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87104953A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0242664B1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Pabst
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lindner Fabrik Elektrischer Lampen und Apparate GmbH
Original Assignee
Lindner Fabrik Elektrischer Lampen und Apparate GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lindner Fabrik Elektrischer Lampen und Apparate GmbH filed Critical Lindner Fabrik Elektrischer Lampen und Apparate GmbH
Priority to AT87104953T priority Critical patent/ATE59731T1/de
Publication of EP0242664A1 publication Critical patent/EP0242664A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0242664B1 publication Critical patent/EP0242664B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H19/00—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand
    • H01H19/54—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand the operating part having at least five or an unspecified number of operative positions
    • H01H19/60—Angularly-movable actuating part carrying no contacts
    • H01H19/635—Contacts actuated by rectilinearly-movable member linked to operating part, e.g. by pin and slot
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
    • H01H9/104—Adaptation for built-in fuses with interlocking mechanism between switch and fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a manually operated electrical switch with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such switches are known for example from EP-A-0127784. They have a two-armed switching lever, which is rotatably mounted on the switch housing, and by pivoting between a closed and open position, a contact bridge is opened or closed.
  • the contact bridge is moved kinematically via a toggle lever, which is formed from a drive arm connected to the shift lever and a pressure tappet mounted in a rotary-slide joint on the latter.
  • the pressure tappet serves as a pressure transmission part and acts with its free end on the contact bridge.
  • the toggle lever When the shift lever is moved from the on position to the off position, the toggle lever is pushed through its extended position. The articulated axis of the toggle lever moves downwards towards the contact bridge. The contact bridge is opened downwards via the pressure tappet. The toggle lever is then in an overstretched end position in which it is held by the contact spring pressure.
  • the toggle lever moves from its extended position into the normal kink area. Since the pressure plunger can move freely in the rotary sliding joint of the drive arm of the shift lever, the toggle lever is moved by the contact Spring suddenly moved to its kink position and the contact bridge closed.
  • the disadvantage of such a switch is the large number of individual parts and articulated connections required. When switching on the torque, these parts must also be accelerated, which reduces the switch-on speed.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a manually operated switch of the type mentioned with a switch-on actuation that cannot be influenced by a lever actuation, which is structurally simple.
  • the locking lug is disengaged from the locking projection by pivoting the switching lever.
  • the pressure tappet in the shift lever can move freely. Due to the contact spring pressure, it is suddenly moved into the contact closing position together with the contact bridge. This ensures operator-independent activation of the torque. This cannot be prevented by stopping the shift lever in an undefined middle position. A defined switch-on behavior is thus guaranteed at all times.
  • the moment switching on can also take place even faster than with switches according to the prior art, since the masses to be accelerated are lower. This allows higher switching speeds and thus performance be achieved. This effect is further supported by the lower internal frictional forces between the moving parts of the switching mechanism due to the absence of axle connections.
  • the switch according to the invention requires only a single component, namely the pressure plunger, in addition to the switching lever for the contact bridge actuation. This means a significant simplification in terms of construction and manufacturing technology. The cost of materials for the switching mechanism is also reduced, as is a narrow design of such switches. The switching mechanical movements are all carried out on one level.
  • the shift lever is completely relieved of the contact spring pressure by the locking of the pressure plunger in the contact opening position.
  • the gear lever thus falls into the switch-off end position due to its own weight when the device is installed vertically.
  • the contact bridge rests under the contact spring pressure on the contact-side end of the pressure tappet.
  • no further structural elements are necessary in order to ensure a defined position of the pressure ram in relation to the contact bridge.
  • the design feature specified in claim 4 prevents lateral evasion of the contact side towards the end of the pressure plunger and thus improves the pressure transmission between it and the contact bridge.
  • the relative position of the two components is thereby fixed to one another; during the contact movement, the contact-side end of the pressure plunger only rolls on the contact bridge in a narrowly limited area.
  • Claims 7 to 9 relate to advantageous developments of the particularly simple embodiment of the rotary sliding joint between the drive arm and the pressure tappet.
  • the guide groove extends over an angular range of approximately 90 °, which corresponds to the pivoting angle of the shift lever and is limited by stop surfaces arranged in or against the rotary closing direction at its end.
  • the stop surfaces are referred to below as the switch-on or switch-on edge. The meaning of these designations is clear from the description of the figures.
  • the angular range the guide groove is diametrically opposite the actuating arm of the shift lever. Since the pivot axis of the shift lever lies approximately in the same plane as the outer wall surrounding the shift lever, this arrangement ensures that the guide groove lies in the interior of the switch housing in every operating position of the shift lever. So that no foreign objects, dirt or the like. penetrate into the guide groove and impede the switch function.
  • the inner moving parts of the switching mechanism are also covered in every position of the shift lever and are protected against manipulation, contamination or the like. protected.
  • the force of the contact spring acts in the switch-on position via the pressure plunger on the shift lever, whereby it is fixed in its defined switch-on pivot position. This also prevents the leading end of the pressure plunger from slipping out of the guide groove and thus causing the switch to malfunction.
  • a somewhat shorter length of the pressure plunger than the distance between the center of the contact bridge and the switch-off flank in the contact closing position is particularly advantageous, as described in the characterizing part of claim 11.
  • the shift lever is movable relative to the pressure tappet without a force being exerted on it.
  • the pressure tappet itself remains in its latched open position, which is advantageously not canceled by volatile or inadequate turning of the shift lever. Maloperation of the manually operated safety switch is thus effectively avoided.
  • Claims 13 and 14 describe measures that reduce wear within the switching mechanism and thus ensure defined switching kinematics even over a longer period of use of the switch.
  • the abutment surfaces of the guide groove that is to say the switch-on and switch-in flanks, are designed in the manner of a bearing socket, and the guide end of the pressure tappet has a correspondingly convex shape.
  • the contact surfaces between the guide end of the pressure ram and the guide groove are thus large. There are no points of contact where high forces and therefore high abrasion occur.
  • a design feature which serves an improved locking of the pressure ram in its open position.
  • the opposite latching surfaces of the latching lug or the latching projection run at an acute angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the pressure ram, which opens in the contact closing direction.
  • the latching lug of the pressure tappet thus engages behind the latching projection lying on an inner part of the housing. The locking cannot be released by a simple lateral movement, but the pressure tappet must perform a combined movement in the axial and lateral directions.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show the switching mechanism of the fuse switch 1, the plastic housing is essentially cuboid and is constructed from two housing half-shells 2. Two terminals 3 are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the housing. The connecting lines are brought through housing openings 4 to the connecting terminals 3 and fixed by the clamping screws 5.
  • the space between the two connecting terminals is divided by the shaft 6 for the fuse link 7 which can be used from above and the switching mechanism for the manual operation of the fuse switch 1.
  • the directions of connection of the connecting terminals 3, shaft 6 and switching mechanism 8 lie approximately parallel in one plane next to one another, the one according to the invention Switch is therefore very narrow.
  • the switching mechanism 8 consists of the switching lever 9, which is mounted on a housing projection 10 integrally formed on the upper side of the fuse switch 1 so as to be pivotable about the pivot axis 42, the pressure plunger 11, which runs approximately perpendicular to the upper side of the housing, and the contact bridge 13, which acts against it in the opposite direction to the closing direction 12.
  • the contact bridge 13 Through the contact bridge 13, the current path leading through the fuse switch 1 can be interrupted manually. The current path runs between the first lateral terminal 3 via the first fixed contact 14, the contact bridge 13, the second fixed contact 15, the foot contact 16 for the fuse link 7, over the fuse link 7 itself and finally via its head contact 17 to the second terminal 3 ⁇ .
  • the switching lever 9 which is pivotably mounted on the housing projection 10 in the main extension plane of the safety switch 1, is designed with two arms.
  • the outer actuating arm 19 serves as a handle and, in the closed position (FIG. 1), covers the screw cap 20 for the fuse link 7.
  • the actuating arm 19 is approximately L-shaped, its pivot bearing leg 21 merging into the cylindrical roller 22 serving as the shift lever bearing body.
  • a spring-loaded predetermined articulated joint 23 is additionally installed in the pivot bearing leg 21 and is intended to protect the switch from forcible closure when the fuse link 7 is not inserted and the shift lever 9 is thus locked.
  • Their structure and function is also described in EP-A-0184652.
  • the part of the cylindrical roller 22 facing away from the actuating arm 19 is the drive arm 24 for the pressure tappet 11.
  • These two parts form the kinematics of the handlebars of a toggle lever 25, by means of the kinking or stretching movement of which the contact bridge 13 is moved into its closed or open position.
  • the knee joint of the knee lever 25 is a rotary sliding joint. It is formed by the fact that the knee-joint-side guide end 26 of the pressure plunger 11 lies in a guide groove 27 which, at the free, unsupported end of the drive arm 24 of the shift lever 9, extends in a circular arc around the pivot axis 42 in its pivoting direction 36.
  • the guide end 26 of the pressure ram 11 is thus rotatably and displaceably mounted on the drive arm 24 in the longitudinal direction of the groove.
  • the guide groove 27 running in the shape of a circular arc in the swivel plane of the shift lever 9 sweeps over an angular range of approximately 90 °, which corresponds approximately to the swivel angle of the shift lever 9, and is delimited at both ends by two stop faces - the switch-off flank 37 and the switch-on flank 40.
  • the guide groove 27 is diametrically opposite the actuating arm 19 of the shift lever 9. Running in the groove direction, the guide groove 27 is roughly trough-shaped.
  • the plunger 11 extends from the drive arm 24 of the shift lever 9 approximately in the contact closing direction 12 into the interior of the switch. Its contact-side end 28 runs between the two fixed contacts 14, 15 of the contact point and acts on the contact bridge 13 against the contact closing direction 12.
  • the contact bridge 13 is under constant spring action in the contact closing direction 12 by the two contact springs 30 supported on the housing base 29 , mutual contact of the contact-side end 28 of the pressure ram 11 and the central area of the contact bridge 13 guaranteed.
  • two guide pins 31 are formed approximately at right angles from the plane of articulation of the toggle lever 25, each of which engages in a guide recess 33 which is opposite in the housing inner wall 32 and runs in the contact closing direction 12 of the contact bridge 13. The contact-side end 28 is thus laterally fixed and its movement in the housing is only possible in the contact closing direction 12.
  • the pressure plunger 11 has a latching lug 34 arranged laterally approximately in the toggle lever plane, which after the pressure plunger 11 has been passed through in the contact opening direction through the toggle lever extended position under the contact spring pressure of the contact bridge 13 in the open position in a stop position on a latching projection 35 fixed to the housing .
  • the opposing locking surfaces of locking lug 34 and locking projection 35 extend with respect to the longitudinal axis of the pressure ram at an acute angle 41 that opens in the contact closing direction 12. This ensures that the pressure ram 11 is locked securely.
  • the switching kinematic sequence is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the toggle lever 25 formed from the drive arm 24 and pressure tappet 11 is in its extreme kink position.
  • the guide end 26 of the pressure tappet lies in the guide groove 27 on the switch-off flank 37 which delimits it in the pivoting closing direction 36 of the switching lever 9.
  • the switching contact via fixed contact 14, contact bridge 13 and fixed contact 15 is reliably closed by the spring action by means of the contact springs 30. Since the Length of the pressure plunger 11 must not exceed the distance between the stop surface 37 and the center of the contact bridge, the length is chosen to be somewhat smaller than this critical distance to protect against manufacturing tolerances.
  • a blind bore 38 is provided in the contact-side end 28 of the pressure ram 11, in which the play compensation spring 39 lies.
  • this play compensation spring 39 is supported on the contact bridge 13, presses the pressure plunger 11 upward and thus brings the shift lever 9 into the defined closed position end position shown.
  • the spring force exerted by the play compensation spring 39 must be less than that of the contact springs 30.
  • the switch is opened by turning the shift lever 9 clockwise.
  • the switch-off flank 37 so named because it acts on the pressure plunger 11 during the switch-off movement - the leading end 26 of the pressure plunger 11 and thus the latter itself are moved downward against the contact closing direction 12, which separates the contact bridge 13 from the fixed contacts 14, 15 causes.
  • This movement is carried out until the toggle lever 25 has reached the extended position (FIG. 3B, shift lever 9 shown as solid).
  • the pressure plunger 11 slides in the guide groove 27 by the spring action on the part of the contact springs 30 in the contact closing direction.
  • the locking consisting of locking lug 34 and projection 35 therefore has the task of alternately changing the function of the pressure plunger 11.
  • the pressure plunger 11 is the link of a toggle lever 25, which is formed by the drive arm 24, by its switch-off flank 37 on the guide groove 27 and the guide end 26 as a knee joint and the pressure plunger 11.
  • the catch decouples the pressure plunger 11 from the drive arm 24, the plunger is virtually only a spacer.
  • the switching lever 9 When the switching lever 9 rotates in the opposite direction to close the safety switch 1, the switching lever 9 first measures the free travel mentioned. Thereafter, the switch lever 9 acts on the guide end 26 of the pressure plunger 11 with its switch-on flank 40 which delimits the guide groove 27 counter to the closing direction 36 of the switch lever 9. The interlocking movement between the latching lug 34 and the latching projection 35 is released by a superimposed movement in the axial and lateral directions. The plunger 11 is now again a link of the toggle lever 25. This has been varied, however, since the link on the switch lever side is formed by the drive arm 24 with the switch-on flank 40 as a knee joint part. The knee joint axis is no longer in the pan of the switch-off flank 37, but in the pan of the switch-on flank 40.
  • the abutment surfaces 37, 41 are designed in the manner of a bearing socket, and the leading end 26 of the pressure ram 11 is convexly curved.

Landscapes

  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Mechanisms For Operating Contacts (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
EP87104953A 1986-04-23 1987-04-03 Interrupteur électrique à actionnement manuel Expired - Lifetime EP0242664B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87104953T ATE59731T1 (de) 1986-04-23 1987-04-03 Handbetaetigter elektrischer schalter.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8611082U DE8611082U1 (de) 1986-04-23 1986-04-23 Handbetätigter elektrischer Schalter
DE8611082U 1986-04-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0242664A1 true EP0242664A1 (fr) 1987-10-28
EP0242664B1 EP0242664B1 (fr) 1991-01-02

Family

ID=6793972

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87104953A Expired - Lifetime EP0242664B1 (fr) 1986-04-23 1987-04-03 Interrupteur électrique à actionnement manuel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0242664B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE59731T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE8611082U1 (fr)
DK (1) DK166932B1 (fr)
FI (1) FI871764A (fr)
NO (1) NO167612C (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0317784A1 (fr) * 1987-11-25 1989-05-31 Lindner GmbH Fabrik elektrischer Lampen und Apparate Levier de commande pour appareils de commutation électrique
DE4014191A1 (de) * 1989-05-09 1991-01-03 Lindner Gmbh Handbetaetigter elektrischer schalter
EP0584587A1 (fr) * 1992-08-21 1994-03-02 Lindner GmbH Fabrik elektrischer Lampen und Apparate Interrupteur à fusible avec coupure de la tension aux deux côtés
WO1995005673A1 (fr) * 1993-08-13 1995-02-23 Abb Strömberg Kojeet Oy Dispositif de commutateur
WO1998034258A2 (fr) * 1997-02-03 1998-08-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Commutateur a fermeture rapide
WO2006105861A1 (fr) * 2005-04-04 2006-10-12 Klaus Bruchmann Ensemble coupe-circuit a interrupteur
EP4053869A1 (fr) * 2021-03-05 2022-09-07 BAUCH Engineering GmbH & Co. KG Commutateur, en particulier commutateur à cliquet

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8611082U1 (de) * 1986-04-23 1986-07-17 Lindner Gmbh, Fabrik Elektrischer Lampen Und Apparate, 8600 Bamberg Handbetätigter elektrischer Schalter
DE3844484C2 (de) * 1988-12-31 1993-10-14 Priesemuth W Tastschalter
DE4029690A1 (de) * 1990-08-04 1992-02-06 Marquardt Gmbh Schalteranordnung zur betaetigung insbesondere eines netzschalters
DE4137890C2 (de) * 1991-11-18 1994-09-22 Kostal Leopold Gmbh & Co Kg Elektrische Schalteranordnung
DE4233918B4 (de) * 1992-10-08 2004-02-26 Schulte-Elektrotechnik Gmbh & Co Kg Elektrischer Schalter mit Stromüberwachung
SI9700256A (sl) * 1997-10-02 1999-06-30 Eti Elektroelement D.D. Električno stikalo za naprave
PL183078B1 (pl) * 1997-12-04 2002-05-31 Legrand Fael Sp Z Oo Rozłącznik bezpiecznikowy
DE10115777A1 (de) * 2001-03-29 2003-05-15 Mueller Jean Ohg Elektrotech Mehrpoliges Schaltgerät für den Einsatz auf Sammelschienensystemen

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1465412A (en) * 1917-08-17 1923-08-21 Crouse Hinds Co Quick-break switch
US1977705A (en) * 1930-02-25 1934-10-23 Leviton Manufacturing Co Snap switch
DE828744C (de) * 1950-12-01 1952-01-21 Maerkische Elektro Ind Adolf V Mehrpoliger elektrischer Schalter mit zur Sockelgrundflaeche paralleler Schaltwalze
USRE24725E (en) * 1959-10-27 koenig
EP0127784A1 (fr) * 1983-05-06 1984-12-12 Lindner GmbH Fabrik elektrischer Lampen und Apparate Disjoncteur de surintensité
EP0184652A2 (fr) * 1984-12-12 1986-06-18 Lindner GmbH Fabrik elektrischer Lampen und Apparate Interrupteur avec coupe-circuit
DE8611082U1 (de) * 1986-04-23 1986-07-17 Lindner Gmbh, Fabrik Elektrischer Lampen Und Apparate, 8600 Bamberg Handbetätigter elektrischer Schalter

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE24725E (en) * 1959-10-27 koenig
US1465412A (en) * 1917-08-17 1923-08-21 Crouse Hinds Co Quick-break switch
US1977705A (en) * 1930-02-25 1934-10-23 Leviton Manufacturing Co Snap switch
DE828744C (de) * 1950-12-01 1952-01-21 Maerkische Elektro Ind Adolf V Mehrpoliger elektrischer Schalter mit zur Sockelgrundflaeche paralleler Schaltwalze
EP0127784A1 (fr) * 1983-05-06 1984-12-12 Lindner GmbH Fabrik elektrischer Lampen und Apparate Disjoncteur de surintensité
EP0184652A2 (fr) * 1984-12-12 1986-06-18 Lindner GmbH Fabrik elektrischer Lampen und Apparate Interrupteur avec coupe-circuit
DE8611082U1 (de) * 1986-04-23 1986-07-17 Lindner Gmbh, Fabrik Elektrischer Lampen Und Apparate, 8600 Bamberg Handbetätigter elektrischer Schalter

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0317784A1 (fr) * 1987-11-25 1989-05-31 Lindner GmbH Fabrik elektrischer Lampen und Apparate Levier de commande pour appareils de commutation électrique
DE4014191A1 (de) * 1989-05-09 1991-01-03 Lindner Gmbh Handbetaetigter elektrischer schalter
EP0584587A1 (fr) * 1992-08-21 1994-03-02 Lindner GmbH Fabrik elektrischer Lampen und Apparate Interrupteur à fusible avec coupure de la tension aux deux côtés
WO1995005673A1 (fr) * 1993-08-13 1995-02-23 Abb Strömberg Kojeet Oy Dispositif de commutateur
CN1043098C (zh) * 1993-08-13 1999-04-21 Abb控制股份公司 开关器件
WO1998034258A2 (fr) * 1997-02-03 1998-08-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Commutateur a fermeture rapide
WO1998034258A3 (fr) * 1997-02-03 1998-11-05 Siemens Ag Commutateur a fermeture rapide
WO2006105861A1 (fr) * 2005-04-04 2006-10-12 Klaus Bruchmann Ensemble coupe-circuit a interrupteur
EP4053869A1 (fr) * 2021-03-05 2022-09-07 BAUCH Engineering GmbH & Co. KG Commutateur, en particulier commutateur à cliquet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO167612B (no) 1991-08-12
DK166932B1 (da) 1993-08-02
EP0242664B1 (fr) 1991-01-02
DE3766869D1 (de) 1991-02-07
ATE59731T1 (de) 1991-01-15
FI871764A0 (fi) 1987-04-22
NO167612C (no) 1991-11-20
NO871567D0 (no) 1987-04-14
DK204387D0 (da) 1987-04-22
DK204387A (da) 1987-10-24
FI871764A (fi) 1987-10-24
DE8611082U1 (de) 1986-07-17
NO871567L (no) 1987-10-26

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