EP0231793B1 - Electromagnetic relay - Google Patents

Electromagnetic relay Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0231793B1
EP0231793B1 EP87100545A EP87100545A EP0231793B1 EP 0231793 B1 EP0231793 B1 EP 0231793B1 EP 87100545 A EP87100545 A EP 87100545A EP 87100545 A EP87100545 A EP 87100545A EP 0231793 B1 EP0231793 B1 EP 0231793B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
excitation
winding
yoke
relay
armature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP87100545A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0231793A1 (en
Inventor
Rolf-Dieter Dipl.-Phys. Kimpel
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to AT87100545T priority Critical patent/ATE78629T1/en
Publication of EP0231793A1 publication Critical patent/EP0231793A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic relay with an excitation winding that can be connected to a voltage source, a core arranged inside the winding, which forms an excitation flux circuit with an yoke arranged outside the winding and an armature mounted on the yoke and forming an operating air gap with the free core end, with at least one switch contact which can be actuated by the armature and current supply elements for connecting the switch contact to a load circuit fed by the same voltage source.
  • Such a relay is basically known from EP-A-0 065 852, wherein the excitation winding and the load circuit are fed by one and the same voltage source.
  • there is an additional winding on the same core as the field winding which is connected in the opposite direction to the field winding and switches off the relay in the event of an overload.
  • the problem is not addressed there that the excitation voltage drops while the armature is being tightened, as a result of which the armature may no longer be fully tightened and may flutter. Accordingly, the switch contact is then not closed or only closed after repeated interruptions. This problem arises from the fact that the voltage source for the excitation winding of the relay also simultaneously supplies the current for the load circuit, as is the case especially in motor vehicles.
  • a reed switch is also known, in which a compensation winding is provided in addition to the main excitation winding, the latter being connected in the load circuit.
  • This is intended to solve the problem that magnetomotive forces occur between the reeds of the reed switch due to the normally flowing load current, which counteract the contact force generated by the excitation winding.
  • the windings either had to be largely oversized, or the respective relay had to be implemented through additional design or manufacturing measures, such as the use of permanent magnets or Special adjustments, also made functional for the described applications.
  • additional design or manufacturing measures such as the use of permanent magnets or Special adjustments, also made functional for the described applications.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an electromagnetic relay of the type mentioned, which still responds reliably even when the switch-on voltage is reduced, this reliable response being ensured in particular when a high voltage is supplied from the same voltage source due to the excitation winding and the load circuit Inrush current of the load circuit leads to a breakdown of the voltage on the excitation winding.
  • this object is achieved in that at least one of the power supply elements for the switching contact is guided around the yoke in such a way that additional excitation is induced in the same direction as the excitation of the winding.
  • an inrush current in the load circuit which occurs simultaneously with the decrease in the excitation voltage and causes the breakdown of the excitation voltage due to the use of a common voltage source for excitation and load circuit Generation of an additional excitation is used and thus ensures a reliable response of the relay. Since, due to the common voltage source, the inrush current peak coincides directly with the reduction in the excitation voltage, while with the subsequent reduction in the load current to the continuous current, the recovery also Excitation voltage goes hand in hand, a largely uniform excitation can be obtained with the relay according to the invention.
  • the additional excitation generated by the load current can be obtained in a simple constructive manner in that at least one of the current supply elements is wound around the yoke with at least one turn.
  • the winding sense is of course chosen in accordance with the wiring regulations of the relay in such a way that the additional excitation for coil excitation is in the same direction.
  • the effect of additional excitation according to the invention can already be achieved in that a current supply element is passed between the winding and the yoke and thus forms at least part of a turn around the yoke.
  • the relay remains in the energized state even after the voltage at the excitation winding has been switched off and only drops again when there is counterexcitation.
  • Fig. 1 shows the schematic structure of a relay with a core 1, an angular yoke 2 and an armature 3, which together form a ferromagnetic excitation flux circuit.
  • An excitation winding 4 is arranged above the core 1, which can be connected to a DC voltage source 6 via a switch 5 in order to put the relay into operation and to attract the armature 3.
  • a contact consisting of a contact spring 7 connected to the armature and a fixed contact element 8 is switched, whereby a load circuit which is also connected to the voltage source 6 is closed with a load 9.
  • the fixed contact element 8 is usually rigidly anchored in the relay housing and provided with a connecting pin, while the contact spring 7 is generally connected to a corresponding connecting element via a flexible current supply element, for example a strand 10.
  • the current supply element 10 is looped once or twice around the yoke 2 and thus forms a type of additional winding 11 which generates an additional excitation ⁇ I which is dependent on the load current in the excitation flow circuit.
  • the anchor is definitely tightened with it.
  • FIG. 2 shows the timing of the switch-on process for a relay from FIG. 1.
  • the current I, the voltage U B of the voltage source and the excitation ⁇ are plotted on the time axis T. If the switch 5 is closed at the time T1, the full battery voltage U B of, for example, 12 V is present at the excitation winding 4; a corresponding excitation current flows, which generates the excitation ⁇ U with a value of ⁇ O. At time T2, the contact between the contact spring 7 and the fixed contact 8 closes, and a very high inrush current peak flows in the load circuit, which can be up to 200 A for lamps, blocked motors or glow plugs, for example, in a motor vehicle.
  • 3 and 4 in a comparison of two magnet systems shows how the switching behavior can be improved in the sense of the invention by simple design changes.
  • 2 shows a relay coil 21 with an angular yoke 22 and an armature 23, the switching current being supplied to a contact spring 24 connected to the armature via a wire 25, which in turn is electrically and mechanically connected to a current supply plate 26.
  • This current supply plate which forms a plug or solder pin 27 on its underside, is attached to the outside of the yoke 22 in the example of FIG. 3, as a result of which practically no magnetic excitation is caused by the load current in the yoke and in the excitation flow circuit.
  • the current supply plate 26 is attached to the inside of the yoke 22, that is to say is passed between the yoke and the winding, so that this current supply plate 26 together with the strand 25 turns part of a turn around the yoke 22 forms around.
  • the high load current can thus induce additional excitation in the yoke 22, assuming the correct direction of the current.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

An electromagnetic relay includes a power supply element of the load circuit which is conducted around a part of the excitation flux circuit by at least one turn so that an auxiliary excitation flux is generated therein isodirectionally with the excitation flux of the winding. A reliable response of the relay is guaranteed even in relays wherein high currents are drawn by the load circuit from the same voltage source that delivers the excitation voltage, such as in relays in motor vehicles.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektromagnetisches Relais mit einer an eine Spannungsquelle anschließbaren Erregerwicklung, einem innerhalb der Wicklung angeordneten Kern, welcher mit einem außerhalb der Wicklung angeordneten Joch und einem am Joch gelagerten, mit dem freien Kernende einen Arbeitsluftspalt bildenden Anker einen Erregerflußkreis bildet, mit mindestens einem durch den Anker betätigbaren Schaltkontakt sowie mit Stromzuführungselementen zur Verbindung des Schaltkontaktes mit einem von der selben Spannungsquelle gespeisten Laststromkreis.The invention relates to an electromagnetic relay with an excitation winding that can be connected to a voltage source, a core arranged inside the winding, which forms an excitation flux circuit with an yoke arranged outside the winding and an armature mounted on the yoke and forming an operating air gap with the free core end, with at least one switch contact which can be actuated by the armature and current supply elements for connecting the switch contact to a load circuit fed by the same voltage source.

Ein derartiges Relais ist grundsätzlich aus der EP-A-0 065 852 bekannt, wobei Erregerwicklung und Laststromkreis von ein und derselben Spannungsquelle gespeist werden. Allerdings ist dort auf dem gleichen Kern wie die Erregerwicklung eine zusätzliche, gegensinnig zur Erregerwicklung geschaltete Wicklung vorgesehen, die bei Überlastung das Relais abschaltet. Allerdings ist dort das Problem nicht angesprochen, daß während des Anziehens des Ankers die Erregerspannung abfällt, wodurch unter Umständen der Anker nicht mehr voll angezogen wird und eine Flatterbewegung ausführt. Entsprechend wird dann auch der Schaltkontakt nicht oder nur nach mehrmaliger Unterbrechung endgültig geschlossen. Dieses Problem ergibt sich daraus, daß die Spannungsquelle für die Erregerwicklung des Relais gleichzeitig auch den Strom für den Lastkreis liefert, wie dies speziell in Kraftfahrzeugen der Fall ist. Dort treten beim Einschalten bestimmter Verbraucher, wie Lampen oder Anlasser, sehr hohe Einschaltstromspitzen auf, die zu einem Zusammenbrechen der Spannung führen können. Damit ist eine zuverlässige Funktion des Relais nicht sichergestellt. Mit einer Gegenwicklung, wie dies in der EP-A-0 065 852 gezeigt ist, wird dieses Problem jedoch nicht gelöst, sondern allenfalls noch verschärft.Such a relay is basically known from EP-A-0 065 852, wherein the excitation winding and the load circuit are fed by one and the same voltage source. However, there is an additional winding on the same core as the field winding, which is connected in the opposite direction to the field winding and switches off the relay in the event of an overload. However, the problem is not addressed there that the excitation voltage drops while the armature is being tightened, as a result of which the armature may no longer be fully tightened and may flutter. Accordingly, the switch contact is then not closed or only closed after repeated interruptions. This problem arises from the fact that the voltage source for the excitation winding of the relay also simultaneously supplies the current for the load circuit, as is the case especially in motor vehicles. There, when certain consumers, such as lamps or starters, are switched on, very high inrush current peaks occur, which can lead to a breakdown of the voltage. This does not ensure reliable operation of the relay. However, with a counter-winding, as shown in EP-A-0 065 852, this problem is not solved, but is only exacerbated at best.

Aus der GB-A-1 123 339 ist weiterhin ein Reed-Schalter bekannt, bei dem zusätzlich zur Haupt-Erregerwicklung eine Kompensationswicklung vorgesehen ist, wobei die letztere in den Lastkreis geschaltet ist. Damit soll das Problem gelöst werden, daß zwischen den Kontaktzungen des Reed-Schalters aufgrund des normalerweise fließenden Laststroms magnetomotorische Kräfte auftreten, die der von der Erregerwicklung erzeugten Kontaktkraft entgegenwirken. Dort besteht also keine Abhängigkeit zwischen der Erregerspannung und dem Laststrom, bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel stehen dort Gleichstromerregung und Wechselstromlast einander gegenüber. Eine Lösung für das Problem des Spannungsabfalls beim Anschalten der Last ist also dort nicht vorgesehen.From GB-A-1 123 339 a reed switch is also known, in which a compensation winding is provided in addition to the main excitation winding, the latter being connected in the load circuit. This is intended to solve the problem that magnetomotive forces occur between the reeds of the reed switch due to the normally flowing load current, which counteract the contact force generated by the excitation winding. There is therefore no dependence between the excitation voltage and the load current; in one exemplary embodiment, DC excitation and AC load are opposed to one another. There is therefore no solution to the problem of the voltage drop when the load is switched on.

Um ein sicheres Ansprechen der Relais in den genannten Einsatzfällen zu gewährleisten, also beim Anschalten einer Last an die Spannungsquelle der Erregerwicklung, mußten die Wicklungen bisher entweder stark überdimensioniert werden, oder das jeweilige Relais mußte durch konstruktive bzw. fertigungstechnische Zusatzmaßnahmen, wie Einsatz von Dauermagneten oder Sonderjustierungen, auch für die geschilderten Einsatzfälle funktionstüchtig gemacht werden. All diese Dinge bedeuteten jedoch einen zusätzlichen Aufwand bei der Herstellung des Relais.In order to ensure a reliable response of the relays in the above-mentioned applications, i.e. when a load is connected to the voltage source of the excitation winding, the windings either had to be largely oversized, or the respective relay had to be implemented through additional design or manufacturing measures, such as the use of permanent magnets or Special adjustments, also made functional for the described applications. However, all of these things involved additional effort in the manufacture of the relay.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein elektromagnetisches Relais der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, welches auch bei einer Erniedrigung der Einschaltspannung noch sicher anspricht, wobei dieses sichere Ansprechen insbesondere dann gewährleistet ist, wenn wegen der Speisung von Erregerwicklung und Laststromkreis von der gleichen Spannungsquelle ein hoher Einschaltstrom des Lastkreises zu einem Zusammenbrechen der Spannung an der Erregerwicklung führt.The object of the invention is to provide an electromagnetic relay of the type mentioned, which still responds reliably even when the switch-on voltage is reduced, this reliable response being ensured in particular when a high voltage is supplied from the same voltage source due to the excitation winding and the load circuit Inrush current of the load circuit leads to a breakdown of the voltage on the excitation winding.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß mindestens eines der Stromzuführungselemente zum Schaltkontakt derart um das Joch geführt ist, daß in diesem eine Zusatzerregung gleichsinnig zu der Erregung der Wicklung induziert wird.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that at least one of the power supply elements for the switching contact is guided around the yoke in such a way that additional excitation is induced in the same direction as the excitation of the winding.

Bei der Erfindung wird durch eine einfache und relativ geringfügige konstruktive Abwandlung der Stromzuführung zum Schaltkontakt erreicht, daß ein Einschaltspitzenstrom im Lastkreis, der gleichzeitig mit dem Absinken der Erregerspannung auftritt und wegen der Verwendung einer gemeinsamen Spannungsquelle für Erregung und Lastkreis den Zusammenbruch der Erregerspannung verursacht, zur Erzeugung einer zusätzlichen Erregung ausgenutzt wird und damit ein sicheres Ansprechen des Relais gewährleistet. Da wegen der gemeinsamen Spannungsquelle die Einschaltstromspitze unmittelbar mit der Verringerung der Erregerspannung zusammenfällt, während mit der nachfolgenden Verringerung des Laststroms auf den Dauerstrom auch eine Erholung der Erregerspannung einhergeht, läßt sich beim erfindungsgemäß Relais eine weitgehend gleichmäßige Erregung erhalten.In the invention is achieved by a simple and relatively minor design modification of the power supply to the switching contact that an inrush current in the load circuit, which occurs simultaneously with the decrease in the excitation voltage and causes the breakdown of the excitation voltage due to the use of a common voltage source for excitation and load circuit Generation of an additional excitation is used and thus ensures a reliable response of the relay. Since, due to the common voltage source, the inrush current peak coincides directly with the reduction in the excitation voltage, while with the subsequent reduction in the load current to the continuous current, the recovery also Excitation voltage goes hand in hand, a largely uniform excitation can be obtained with the relay according to the invention.

Die durch den Laststrom erzeugte Zusatzerregung kann in einfacher konstruktiver Weise dadurch erhalten werden, daß mindestens eines der Stromzuführungselemente mit mindestens einer Windung um das Joch gewickelt ist. Der Wikkelsinn wird dabei natürlich entsprechend der Beschaltungsvorschrift des Relais so gewählt, daß die Zusatzerregung zur Spulenerregung gleichsinnig ist. In bestimmten Fällen kann der erfindungsgemäße Effekt einer Zusatzerregung bereits dadurch erreicht werden, daß ein Stromzuführungselement zwischen Wicklung und Joch hindurchgeführt wird und damit zumindest einen Teil einer Windung um das Joch bildet.The additional excitation generated by the load current can be obtained in a simple constructive manner in that at least one of the current supply elements is wound around the yoke with at least one turn. The winding sense is of course chosen in accordance with the wiring regulations of the relay in such a way that the additional excitation for coil excitation is in the same direction. In certain cases, the effect of additional excitation according to the invention can already be achieved in that a current supply element is passed between the winding and the yoke and thus forms at least part of a turn around the yoke.

Wird die durch entsprechende Führung des Laststromes erzeugte Zusatzerregung so hoch, daß sie den Abfall-Erregungswert des Relais übersteigt, so ergibt sich ein Selbsthalteeffekt, d. h., daß das Relais auch nach Abschalten der Spannung an der Erregerwicklung im angezogenen Zustand verbleibt und erst bei Gegenerregung wieder abfällt. Man kann so auf einfache Weise ein bistabiles Schaltverhalten des Relais erzeugen.If the additional excitation generated by appropriate guidance of the load current is so high that it exceeds the drop excitation value of the relay, there is a self-holding effect, i. That is, the relay remains in the energized state even after the voltage at the excitation winding has been switched off and only drops again when there is counterexcitation. One can easily generate a bistable switching behavior of the relay.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäß gestalteten Relais mit der zugehörigen Beschaltung des Erreger- und des Lastkreises,
  • Fig. 2 ein Zeitdiagramm für den Strom, die Spannung und die Erregung bei einem Relais nach Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 eine weniger vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung eines Magnetsystems und
  • Fig. 4 eine erfindungsgemäße Abwandlung des Magnetsystems von Fig. 3.
The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. It shows
  • 1 is a schematic representation of a relay designed according to the invention with the associated circuitry of the excitation and the load circuit,
  • FIG. 2 shows a time diagram for the current, the voltage and the excitation in a relay according to FIG. 1, FIG.
  • Fig. 3 shows a less advantageous embodiment of a magnet system and
  • 4 shows a modification of the magnet system from FIG. 3 according to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt den schematischen Aufbau eines Relais mit einem Kern 1, einem winkelförmigen Joch 2 und einem Anker 3, die zusammen einen ferromagnetischen Erregerflußkreis bilden. Über dem Kern 1 ist eine Erregerwicklung 4 angeordnet, welche über einen Schalter 5 an eine Gleichspannungsquelle 6 angeschaltet werden kann, um das Relais in Betrieb zu nehmen und den Anker 3 anzuziehen. Dabei wird ein Kontakt, bestehend aus einer mit dem Anker verbundenen Kontaktfeder 7 und einem Festkontaktelement 8, geschaltet, womit ein ebenfalls an der Spannungsquelle 6 liegender Laststromkreis mit einer Last 9 geschlossen wird. Das Festkontaktelement 8 ist üblicherweise starr im Relaisgehäuse verankert und mit einem Anschlußstift versehen, während die Kontaktfeder 7 in der Regel über ein flexibles Stromzuführungselement, beispielsweise eine Litze 10, mit einem entsprechenden Anschlußelement verbunden ist.Fig. 1 shows the schematic structure of a relay with a core 1, an angular yoke 2 and an armature 3, which together form a ferromagnetic excitation flux circuit. An excitation winding 4 is arranged above the core 1, which can be connected to a DC voltage source 6 via a switch 5 in order to put the relay into operation and to attract the armature 3. In this case, a contact, consisting of a contact spring 7 connected to the armature and a fixed contact element 8, is switched, whereby a load circuit which is also connected to the voltage source 6 is closed with a load 9. The fixed contact element 8 is usually rigidly anchored in the relay housing and provided with a connecting pin, while the contact spring 7 is generally connected to a corresponding connecting element via a flexible current supply element, for example a strand 10.

Beim Schließen des Schalters 5 wird das Relais erregt und der Anker 3 angezogen, wodurch auch der Kontakt zwischen der Kontaktfeder 7 und dem Festkontaktelement 8 geschlossen wird. Im Laststromkreis fließt dann der Strom I, der beim Einschalten einen hohen Spitzenwert erreichen kann. Dieser hohe Einschaltspitzenstrom führt unter Umständen zu einem vorübergehenden Zusammenbrechen der Spannung UB der Spannungsquelle 6, wodurch auch die Spannung an der Erregerwicklung 4 vermindert wird und die Erregung ϑU verkleinert wird. Wird der Einbruch der erregten Spannung in diesem Einschaltzeitpunkt zu groß, so kann unter Umständen die Verringerung der Erregung ϑU dazu führen, daß der Anker nicht mehr voll angezogen wird und der Kontakt wieder öffnet. Um dies zu verhindern, ist das Stromzuführungselement 10 einmal oder zweimal um das Joch 2 geschlungen und bildet so eine Art Zusatzwicklung 11, welche eine vom Laststrom abhängige Zusatzerregung ϑI im Erregerflußkreis erzeugt. Der Anker wird damit auf jeden Fall sicher angezogen.When the switch 5 is closed, the relay is excited and the armature 3 is attracted, as a result of which the contact between the contact spring 7 and the fixed contact element 8 is also closed. The current I then flows in the load circuit, which can reach a high peak value when switched on. Under certain circumstances, this high inrush current leads to a temporary breakdown of the voltage U B of the voltage source 6, as a result of which the voltage at the excitation winding 4 is also reduced and the excitation ϑ U is reduced. If the drop in the excited voltage at this point in time is too great, the reduction in the excitation ϑ U can, under certain circumstances, result in the armature no longer being fully tightened and the contact opens again. In order to prevent this, the current supply element 10 is looped once or twice around the yoke 2 and thus forms a type of additional winding 11 which generates an additional excitation ϑ I which is dependent on the load current in the excitation flow circuit. The anchor is definitely tightened with it.

In Fig. 2 ist der zeitliche Ablauf des Einschaltvorgangs bei einem Relais von Fig. 1 dargestellt. Über der Zeitachse T ist dabei der Strom I, die Spannung UB der Spannungsquelle und die Erregung ϑ aufgetragen. Wenn zum Zeitpunkt T1 der Schalter 5 geschlossen wird, liegt an der Erregerwicklung 4 die volle Batteriespannung UB von beispielsweise 12 V an; es fließt ein entsprechender Erregerstrom, der die Erregung ϑU mit einem Wert von ϑO erzeugt. Im Zeitpunkt T2 schließt der Kontakt zwischen der Kontaktfeder 7 und dem Festkontakt 8, und im Laststromkreis fließt eine sehr hohe Einschaltstromspitze, die beispielsweise bei einem Kraftfahrzeug bis zu 200 A an Lampen, blockierten Motoren oder Glühkerzen betragen kann. Gleichzeitig sinkt in diesem Zeitpunkt T2 die Batteriespannung UB stark ab, was zu einem entsprechenden Absinken der Erregung ϑU (gestrichelte Linie) führt. Über das Stromzuführungselement 10, das durch Umschlingen des Joches 2 eine Zusatzwicklung 11 bildet, wird aber gleichzeitig eine Zusatzerregung ϑI (punktierte Linie) erzeugt, welche sich mit der Erregung ϑU zu einem Gesamtwert ϑges summiert. Diese Gesamterregung reicht auf jeden Fall aus, um den Anker zuverlässig anzuziehen. Nach dem Abklingen der Einschaltstromspitze steigt die Spannung an der Erregerwicklung 4 wieder an, ebenso die dadurch erzeugte Erregung ϑU, während der Laststrom I und mit ihm die Zusatzerregung ϑI absinken. Der Summenwert ϑges erfährt auf diese Weise einen weitgehend gleichmäßigen Verlauf. Damit ist eine zuverlässige Funktion des Relais sichergestellt, ohne daß die Wicklung überdimensioniert werden müßte.FIG. 2 shows the timing of the switch-on process for a relay from FIG. 1. The current I, the voltage U B of the voltage source and the excitation ϑ are plotted on the time axis T. If the switch 5 is closed at the time T1, the full battery voltage U B of, for example, 12 V is present at the excitation winding 4; a corresponding excitation current flows, which generates the excitation ϑ U with a value of ϑ O. At time T2, the contact between the contact spring 7 and the fixed contact 8 closes, and a very high inrush current peak flows in the load circuit, which can be up to 200 A for lamps, blocked motors or glow plugs, for example, in a motor vehicle. At the same time, the battery voltage U B drops sharply at this point in time T2, which leads to a corresponding decrease in the excitation ( U (dashed line). Via the current supply element 10, which forms an additional winding 11 by looping the yoke 2, an additional excitation ϑ I (dotted line) is generated at the same time, which adds up to a total value ϑ total with the excitation ϑ U. This total excitation is definitely sufficient to reliably attract the anchor. After the inrush current peak has subsided, the voltage at the excitation winding 4 rises again, as does the excitation ϑ U generated thereby, while the load current I and with it the additional excitation ϑ I decrease. In this way, the total value ϑ ges is largely uniform. This ensures reliable operation of the relay without the winding having to be oversized.

In den Fig. 3 und 4 ist im Vergleich zweier Magnetsysteme gezeigt, wie durch einfache konstruktive Änderungen das Schaltverhalten im Sinne der Erfindung verbessert werden kann. Fig. 2 zeigt eine Relaisspule 21 mit einem winkelförmigen Joch 22 und einem Anker 23, wobei der Schaltstrom zu einer mit dem Anker verbundenen Kontaktfeder 24 über eine Litze 25 zugeführt wird, welche ihrerseits elektrisch und mechanisch mit einem Stromzuführungsblech 26 verbunden ist. Dieses Stromzuführungsblech, welches an seiner Unterseite einen Stecker- oder Lötstift 27 bildet, ist im Beispiel der Fig. 3 außen am Joch 22 angebracht, wodurch im Joch und im Erregerflußkreis praktisch keine magnetische Erregung durch den Laststrom hervorgerufen wird.3 and 4 in a comparison of two magnet systems shows how the switching behavior can be improved in the sense of the invention by simple design changes. 2 shows a relay coil 21 with an angular yoke 22 and an armature 23, the switching current being supplied to a contact spring 24 connected to the armature via a wire 25, which in turn is electrically and mechanically connected to a current supply plate 26. This current supply plate, which forms a plug or solder pin 27 on its underside, is attached to the outside of the yoke 22 in the example of FIG. 3, as a result of which practically no magnetic excitation is caused by the load current in the yoke and in the excitation flow circuit.

Bei dem Beispiel von Fig. 4 ist das Stromzuführungsblech 26 im Gegensatz zu dem Beispiel von Fig. 3 an der Innenseite des Joches 22 angebracht, also zwischen Joch und Wicklung hindurchgeführt, so daß dieses Stromzuführungsblech 26 zusammen mit der Litze 25 den Teil einer Windung um das Joch 22 herum bildet. Der hohe Laststrom kann auf diese Weise eine Zusatzerregung im Joch 22 induzieren, wobei die richtige Stromrichtung vorausgesetzt wird.In the example of FIG. 4, in contrast to the example of FIG. 3, the current supply plate 26 is attached to the inside of the yoke 22, that is to say is passed between the yoke and the winding, so that this current supply plate 26 together with the strand 25 turns part of a turn around the yoke 22 forms around. The high load current can thus induce additional excitation in the yoke 22, assuming the correct direction of the current.

Claims (4)

  1. Electromagnetic relay having an excitation winding (4) which can be connected to a voltage source (6), a core (1), which is arranged inside the winding (4) and, together with a yoke (2) arranged outside the winding and an armature (3), which is supported on the yoke and forms an operating air gap with the free end of the core, forms an excitation flux circuit, having at least one switch contact (7, 8) which can be operated by the armature and having current supply elements (10) for connecting the switch contact (7, 8) to a load circuit (9) which is supplied from the same voltage source, characterised in that at least one of the current supply elements (10) is guided around the yoke to the switch contact (7, 8) in such a manner that an auxiliary excitation (QI) is induced therein in the same sense as the excitation (QU) of the winding (4).
  2. Relay according to Claim 1, characterised in that at least one of the current supply elements (10) is wound with at least one winding (11) around the yoke (2).
  3. Relay according to Claim 1, characterised in that at least one of the current supply elements (26, 25) is passed through between the excitation winding (21) and the yoke (22).
  4. Relay according to Claim 3, characterised in that a current supply plate (26) which is conductively connected to the armature (23) and to a contact spring (24) supported by the armature is mounted on the inside of the yoke (22), facing the coil (21).
EP87100545A 1986-01-20 1987-01-16 Electromagnetic relay Expired - Lifetime EP0231793B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87100545T ATE78629T1 (en) 1986-01-20 1987-01-16 ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3601519 1986-01-20
DE3601519 1986-01-20

Publications (2)

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EP0231793A1 EP0231793A1 (en) 1987-08-12
EP0231793B1 true EP0231793B1 (en) 1992-07-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87100545A Expired - Lifetime EP0231793B1 (en) 1986-01-20 1987-01-16 Electromagnetic relay

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US (1) US4803589A (en)
EP (1) EP0231793B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0746555B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE78629T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3780478D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2033692T3 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19963504C1 (en) * 1999-12-28 2001-10-18 Tyco Electronics Logistics Ag Relay with overcurrent protection

Families Citing this family (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5040089A (en) * 1986-11-26 1991-08-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba D.C. relay with power reducing function
DE8808401U1 (en) * 1988-06-30 1988-08-18 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Electromagnetic load relay
AT402579B (en) * 1991-10-07 1997-06-25 Schrack Components Ag RELAY
DE102004006710A1 (en) * 2004-02-11 2005-08-25 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Relay and method for producing a relay
JP5635456B2 (en) * 2011-06-28 2014-12-03 株式会社ミツバ Electromagnetic relay
DE102012202084A1 (en) * 2012-02-13 2013-08-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Hinged armature bearing for magnetic release

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US549209A (en) * 1895-11-05 Electromagnetic switch
US3238326A (en) * 1964-06-26 1966-03-01 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Contactor with a load current hold-in feature
GB1123339A (en) * 1966-03-03 1968-08-14 Adrema Ltd Improvements in and relating to magnetic reed contact devices
GB1532107A (en) * 1977-05-19 1978-11-15 Towmotor Corp Electromagnetic contactors
JPS57132627A (en) * 1981-02-09 1982-08-17 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Magnet relay
US4376271A (en) * 1981-06-18 1983-03-08 Siemens-Allis, Inc. Polarized DC contactors

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19963504C1 (en) * 1999-12-28 2001-10-18 Tyco Electronics Logistics Ag Relay with overcurrent protection

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0746555B2 (en) 1995-05-17
DE3780478D1 (en) 1992-08-27
US4803589A (en) 1989-02-07
ES2033692T3 (en) 1993-04-01
JPS62172622A (en) 1987-07-29
EP0231793A1 (en) 1987-08-12
ATE78629T1 (en) 1992-08-15

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