Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
  • C11B7/00—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils
  • C11B7/0091—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils non-solvents, e.g. water wherein the fat or oil is dispersed account a more washing out of fractions is not taken into
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives

Definitions

• the invention relates to separations of fatty acid ester mixtures occurring in fats and oils by the known crosslinking process using aqueous wetting agent solutions containing alkylglycosides.
• Natural fats and oils differ in chain length and degree of saturation of their fatty acid ester components and thus also in their physical properties.
• the melting points of saturated fatty acid esters are above room temperature, while unsaturated fatty acid esters are liquid at room temperature.
• the separation of fats into solid and liquid components represents a separation into more saturated and more unsaturated parts.
• a separation into solid and liquid constituents can be achieved in an advantageous manner by the so-called cross-linking process, a separation in the presence of aqueous solutions containing wetting agents, the solid portions being absorbed by the aqueous phase by wetting.
• JP 57/197 discloses mixtures of fatty alcohol sulfate and sorbitan fatty acid esters as wetting agents for separating fatty acids and fats into solid and liquid constituents.
• the abstracts of Chemical Abstracts CA 100 , 123 162v and CA 96 , 144 899e describe the cross-linking of fats using wetting agents containing sucrose fatty acid esters or mixtures of sorbitan or polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters and fatty acid salts.
• sorbitan fatty acid esters can be subject to hydrolysis in alkaline media, in particular at higher temperatures, proves disadvantageous when using sorbitan fatty acid esters.
• the object of the invention was to provide wetting agent solutions which show equally good separation effects of fats and oils in solid and liquid components as wetting agent solutions of the prior art, but which contain hydrolysis-stable substances which are produced from renewable raw materials.
• aqueous glyceride-containing aqueous wetting agent solutions are particularly suitable for achieving the object according to the invention, although alkyl glycosides and their wetting agent properties have been known for years.
• the invention accordingly relates to the use of alkyl glycosides with up to 24 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain as wetting agents in aqueous wetting agent solutions for separating fatty acid ester mixtures into solid and liquid constituents by the known crosslinking process.
• wetting agent solutions containing alkylglycoside have the great advantage over wetting agent solutions from the prior art in that they are hydrolysis-stable and that the alkylglycosides contained in them represent a known class of substance which can be prepared from renewable raw materials by conventional methods of organic synthesis.
• the alkyl glycosides used according to the invention are derived in particular from fatty alcohols and sugars.
• Alkyl glycosides with a C6-, C8-, C10-, C12-, C16-, C16- and / or C18-alkyl radical are preferred which are straight-chain or branched, saturated but also mono- or poly-olefinically unsaturated and have, for example, up to 3 double bonds can, or mixtures of such compounds.
• Alkyl glycosides whose alkyl or alkenyl radical contains 10 to 16 carbon atoms are particularly suitable.
• both alkyl monoglycosides in which a cyclic sugar residue is bonded to the alcohol are suitable, but also oligomers with preferably up to 8, in particular up to 3, glycosidically bonded sugar residues, for example glucose or maltose residues.
• the number of sugar residues is a statistical mean, which is based on the distribution customary for these compounds.
• Alkyl glycosides based on C12 to C14 fatty alcohols and with up to 2.5 glycoside residues can be particularly suitable.
• aqueous wetting agent solutions containing alkylglycoside contain non-surface-active electrolytes which are inert towards the starting materials.
• non-surface-active electrolytes include, for example, the water-soluble chlorides, sulfates and nitrates of 1- to 3-membered metals, preferably the alkali, alkaline earth and earth metals.
• alkyl glycoside-containing aqueous wetting agent solutions are preferably to be understood as meaning electrolyte-containing alkyl glycoside-containing aqueous wetting agent solutions.
• the effect of the aqueous glyceride-containing wetting agent solutions can be improved by adding unsaturated natural fatty acid salts with more than 14 carbon atoms, preferably with 16 to 20 carbon atoms.
• unsaturated natural fatty acids in the form of their alkali and / or alkaline earth salts, for example potassium oleate, have proven particularly useful.
• the aqueous wetting agent solutions containing alkylglycoside according to the invention preferably contain 0.5 to 3 percent by weight alkylglycosides, 1 to 20 percent by weight inorganic electrolytes and 0 to 2 percent by weight unsaturated natural fatty acid salts, particularly preferably about 1 percent by weight alkylglycosides, 2 to about 10 percent by weight inorganic electrolytes and 0 to 1.5 Weight percent unsaturated natural fatty acid salts.
• alkyl glycoside-containing aqueous wetting agent solutions according to the invention are expediently used in amounts such that 50 to 500 g, preferably 50 to 200 g, of wetting agent solution are present per 100 g of fat and / or oil.
• Fats and oils which can be separated into solid and liquid constituents with the alkyl glycoside-containing aqueous wetting agent solutions according to the invention, are fatty acid ester mixtures of vegetable, animal and / or synthetic origin.
• the fatty acid ester mixtures of vegetable origin include, for example, coconut, palm kernel and shea fat, palm, cottonseed, olive, soybean, peanut, linseed, rapeseed and castor oil.
• Fatty acid ester mixtures of animal origin are, for example, butter, chicken and goose fat, lard, mutton and beef tallow, kidney and bone fats as well as the large number of different fish oils, tears, whale oils such as menhaden, herring and sperm oil and cod liver oil.
• Synthetic fatty acid ester mixtures obtained from the above-mentioned vegetable and / or animal fatty acid ester mixtures by transesterification are also suitable.
• Fatty acid ester mixtures from which saturated triglyceride portions have been separated are also suitable.
• the separation of fatty acid ester mixtures is carried out according to the known cross-linking process - see, for example, the literature cited at the beginning - by transferring the starting materials to be separated into a dispersion of liquid and solid particles in aqueous alkylglycoside-containing wetting agent solution, separating this dispersion in 2 phases of different specific weights and separating the solid fatty acid ester components from the aqueous alkyl glycoside-containing wetting agent solution.
• pulpy mixtures of crystalline and liquid components Since the achievable separation effect into solid and liquid components includes Depending on the nature of the solid fraction crystals, it is advisable to melt the starting mixtures completely and then slowly cool them down to the temperature at which the solid portions crystallize and then the wetting agent solution is to be added.
• the aqueous wetting agent solution wets the solid components, thus separating them from the liquid fatty acid ester components and suspend them in the aqueous phase.
• the liquid fatty acid ester components are emulsified in the aqueous phase under the action of the alkyl glycoside-containing solution.
• the separation of the dispersion into a liquid phase with a lower specific weight, which contains the liquid fatty acid ester components, and into a water phase with a higher specific weight, which contains the solid fatty acid ester components is carried out in conventional devices for separating several liquid phases according to their specific weights, for example in separating boxes , Centrifuges, plate separators or hydrocyclones.
• the solid fatty acid ester constituents suspended in the water phase are advantageously separated from the wetting agent solution by heating the suspension to temperatures above the melting point of the solid fatty acid ester constituents and separating the two resulting liquid phases from one another in a manner known per se, for example by means of separators or centrifuges .
• the resulting aqueous phase which contains the wetting agent contained in the solid components, is returned to the process. If desired, the solid fatty acid ester components can be washed again with water to completely remove the wetting agent.
• alkyl glycosides were used in aqueous wetting agent solutions:
• Alkylglycoside A A C12 / C14 alkyl oligoglucoside (Degree of oligomerization 1.5), whose alkyl radicals are derived from an n-dodecanol / n-tetradecanol mixture in a weight ratio of 70:30.
• Alkylglycoside B A C12 / C14 alkyl oligoglucoside (Degree of oligomerization 2.2), the alkyl residues of which are derived from an n-dodecanol / n-tetradecanol mixture in a ratio of 70:30.
• the liquid palm oil fraction had been separated off, the water phase with the solids was heated to about 50 ° C. and the melted fat was separated off by centrifugation.
• the liquid and solid fatty acid ester components obtained behaved as 81:19 by weight.
• the liquid palm oil components had an iodine number (according to Kaufmann) of 60.9, the solid palm oil components had an iodine number of 37.1 and a rising melting point of 27.8 ° C. 65% by weight of crystalline components were measured in the solid component by the NMR method (Bruker) at 20 ° C.
• the liquid and solid components behaved as 84: 16 by weight.
• the iodine number of the liquid component was 60.1 and that of the solid component 32.8.
• the rising melting point of the solid palm oil components was 28.4 ° C.
• 75.4 percent by weight crystalline portions could be determined by the NMR method (20 ° C.).
• the solid fraction was determined by the NMR method at 20 ° C 29 wt .-% crystalline fractions.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
• Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
• Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)

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Citations (2)

• 1986
  • 1986-10-28 MY MYPI86000044A patent/MY100868A/en unknown
  • 1986-11-04 GB GB8626285A patent/GB2183669B/en not_active Expired
  • 1986-11-18 DK DK551386A patent/DK551386A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1986-11-19 DE DE8686116026T patent/DE3663532D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1986-11-19 EP EP86116026A patent/EP0224798B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1986-11-27 ES ES8603203A patent/ES2003554A6/es not_active Expired
  • 1986-11-29 JP JP61285842A patent/JPS62132531A/ja active Pending

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