EP0224012A2 - Verfahren zum Herstellen von Wänden für Bauelemente und Gebäude und Baublöcke für dieses Verfahren - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Herstellen von Wänden für Bauelemente und Gebäude und Baublöcke für dieses Verfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0224012A2
EP0224012A2 EP86114392A EP86114392A EP0224012A2 EP 0224012 A2 EP0224012 A2 EP 0224012A2 EP 86114392 A EP86114392 A EP 86114392A EP 86114392 A EP86114392 A EP 86114392A EP 0224012 A2 EP0224012 A2 EP 0224012A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
blocks
walls
building
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86114392A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0224012A3 (de
Inventor
Francesco Giovannini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from IT22583/85A external-priority patent/IT1185470B/it
Priority claimed from IT2228486U external-priority patent/IT206996Z2/it
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0224012A2 publication Critical patent/EP0224012A2/de
Publication of EP0224012A3 publication Critical patent/EP0224012A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/021—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of triangular shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
    • E04B2002/0217—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions of prismatic shape

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for building the exterior or interior walls of building elements and buildings using building blocks obtained by molding.
  • the invention also relates to building blocks for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • Said formwork generally comprises a formwork delimited below by a base and in the upper part by a vibrating pestle.
  • upper and lower surfaces of the blocks are obtained which are not perfectly smooth and / or parallel to each other because of the configuration of the base and / or the pestle, or else because of the wear of said components.
  • These imperfections in the upper and lower surfaces of the blocks make it necessary, during the construction of the walls, to put an abundant layer of mortar (10-12 mm) between one course of blocks and the next, in order to be able to reestablish the plane of each course, by treading the blocks more or less in the mortar.
  • the main object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for building the walls of building elements and buildings by using building blocks, this method being able to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the methods known up to 'Now, in particular allowing a very significant reduction, or even the elimination of the quantity of mortar to be spread between one course of blocks and the next and thus making possible and advantageous the use of so-called adhesive mortars.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a method for building said walls by using building blocks, which makes it possible to mechanize the operations of laying the blocks and possibly the layer of mortar between one course and the next.
  • a process for building the walls of construction elements and buildings by using building blocks characterized in that the blocks are implemented in such a way that two opposite walls of each block, produced in contact with two side walls of the formwork, respectively become the crest wall and the base wall of the block used.
  • the walls of the block in contact with the lower forming base and with the upper vibrocompression pestle which as already said, are not generally perfectly parallel to each other and have not perfectly flat surfaces, become the side walls of the block implemented, while two of the walls of the block in contact with the side walls of the formwork, which are always perfectly parallel to each other and have perfectly flat surfaces, become respectively the base and crest walls of the block implemented.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a building block for carrying out the above-mentioned process.
  • Said building block is characterized in that it is in the form of a solid with six faces which, when implemented, has base and crest walls parallel to each other, the projection of the face in view, on a plane parallel to that of the wall, being substantially square.
  • the main building block 1 is a solid with six faces which, when implemented, has the base 2 and crest 3 walls, characterized by surfaces of support 2 ⁇ and 3 ⁇ strictly plane and parallel to each other.
  • the face in view 4 may or may not be parallel to the opposite face but, in any case, it is expedient, for reasons of production advantages, that its projection onto a plane parallel to that of the wall is substantially square.
  • the walls side 5 are preferably mutually parallel and perpendicular to the base 2 and crest 3 walls and can be provided with lightening holes 5 ′.
  • said walls may have cavities 5 "and projections 5" ⁇ obtained by appropriate shaping of the pestle and the base of the mold, with male and female interlocking as illustrated in FIGS.
  • the side wall or walls of accessory blocks have female parts suitable for cooperating with male parts 5 " ⁇ presented by the main blocks.
  • the base 2 and crest 3 walls of block 1 have a groove 6 and a relief 7, respectively, both parallel to the edges of the face in view 4 and on either side of the axis of symmetry of the respective wall.
  • the groove 6 and the relief 7 extend over the entire length of the respective wall and are shaped so as to be able to combine them by male and female fitting in.
  • the relief 7 has a central channel 7 ′ suitable for receiving a round iron (not illustrated).
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate an accessory block 8 or 9 having a substantially parallelepiped shape, with the same height and the same thickness as those of the main block 1.
  • the base wall 11, during implementation, of the block 8 or 9 has a groove 12 corresponding to that which has the base wall of the main block 1. Said groove 12 is able to combine with the relief 7 which has the crest wall 3 of the main block 1.
  • One of the two side walls 13 of the block 8 can also have a groove 14, aligned with the grooves on the base walls and Crete.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an accessory block 8 having a length of the view face 15 equal to half that of the corresponding face of the main block 1
  • the accessory block 9 illustrated in FIG. 3 has a length of the face in view 15 equal to a quarter of the length of the corresponding face of the main block 1.
  • Figure 4 shows another accessory block 16 having an essentially parallelepiped shape and the same dimensions as those of the main block.
  • the base wall 18 of the block implemented 16 has a groove 19 corresponding to that present in the base wall of the main block 1.
  • the block 16 On one of the two lateral faces 20, the block 16 has a groove 21 which is deeper than the groove 19 present in the base wall; said groove 21 has a depth which goes from a quarter to half the length of the face in view 22 in order to be able to combine with equal grooves of blocks positioned differently, in order to form a vertical channel, as will be seen by the after.
  • the face 20 'opposite the face 20 has a groove 19' having the same configuration and cross section as those of the groove 19.
  • the main block 1 and the accessory blocks 8, 9 and 16 are produced, in a manner known per se, by vibrocompression of a material inside a formwork delimited below by a base.
  • Figure 5 shows, by way of example, how a main block 1 is removed of the formwork 23. It is observed that the base 2 and crest 3 walls of the block 1 are defined by the side walls of the formwork 23. Said walls thus have perfectly flat surfaces which are parallel to each other and, when the block is used , it is not necessary to extend, between one block and the next, a layer of mortar to compensate for any irregularities or lack of parallelism of said base and ridge walls.
  • the blocks are molded in the formwork with the face in view 4 defined by one of the side walls of the formwork; in this way, it is possible to produce blocks with the face in view carrying moldings 4 'and / or differently inclined; in particular, the face in view may have an inclination such that, when the blocks are implemented, the wall has a surface in view shaped as sawtooth, the teeth being turned outward and downward (Fig. 6).
  • the main block 1 and the accessory blocks 8, 9 and 16 constitute the basic elements of a modular system for the construction of walls.
  • FIGS 7 to 10 illustrate different examples of walls made using the modular system according to the invention.
  • Figure 7 is a plan view of a block course and the next course of two intersecting walls forming an angle of 90 ° between them.
  • the first course 23 is formed by a part 24 of main blocks 1 and by an orthogonal part 25 also of main blocks 1, ending with an accessory block 16 and an accessory block 8. It should be noted that the grooves 14 and 21 produced on the lateral faces of the accessory blocks 8 and 16 form a hole 26 in which a round iron 27 can be passed.
  • the accessory blocks 8 and 16 are aligned with part 29, orthogonally to the blocks of the previous course, forming a hole 26 aligned with the hole of the previous course for the possible passage of pipes or conduits, the pier of a concrete pillar, etc ...
  • Figure 8 is an axonometric view of a wall; this figure shows that the accessory blocks 8 can be used to finish the vertical edge 30 as well as the horizontal edge 31 of the wall itself.
  • the accessory blocks 9 can be used to correct the length of the wall. Indeed, by placing an accessory block 9 between two main blocks 1 of each course, it is possible to increase the total length of the wall, for example by a quarter of the length of a main block 1.
  • Figure 9 is an axonometric view of the walls illustrated in Figure 7; this figure shows that in the channels 7 ′ of the reliefs 7 of the main blocks 1 and in the vertical hole 26 formed in the angle produced by the accessory blocks 8 and 16, it is possible to introduce round irons 27 of a frame .
  • FIG. 10 shows two walls crossing at T.
  • the use of accessory blocks 8 and 16 makes it possible to form vertical holes 26 for the passage of the round bars of the frame both at the point of intersection of the two walls and along the walls themselves, the holes 26 can be formed by the union of two blocks 8 and 16 as well as by the union of two blocks 16
  • the blocks 16 can be arranged with the groove 19 'combined with the relief 7 of the main blocks and with the groove 21 turned upwards, to form a channel ready to receive a jetty. of concrete forming for example the bead of a sole.
  • the side walls of the main block used may have cavities and projections capable of cooperating with each other by male and female interlocking. Said cavities can advantageously consist of some of the lightening holes present in the blocks.
  • Figures 11 and 12 illustrate two main blocks 32 and 33 each having, on one of the two side walls 34, projections 35 obtained next to some of the lightening holes 36. The coupling between the projections 35 and the holes d 'lightening 36 of the two blocks is made possible by the fact that said blocks differ from one another by the position of the projections and of the lightening holes, which is reversed.
  • the blocks 32 and 33 are cut according to the traces AA of the preceding figure and are arranged in a position of mutual presentation before they are implemented.
  • the projections 35 of the block 32 are aligned with the lightening holes 36 of the block 33 and are in an inverted position relative to the projections 35 of the block 33 itself.
  • the blocks 32 and 33 alternating between them and with the projections turned in the same direction, the male and female engagement of the projections with the lightening holes are obtained.
  • the block 110 of FIGS. 13 to 16, which is illustrated in its forming position, is a cube having an upper wall 101, a lower wall 102 and side walls 103, 104, 105 and 106. There are also openings or lightly holes 107 going vertically from the upper wall 101 to the lower wall 102.
  • the cube has male parts in the form of reliefs 108 on two adjacent walls 101 and 105, as well as female parts in the form of grooves 109 on the other adjacent walls of the cube 102 and 103, while the other walls 104 and 106 represent the walls in view.
  • the relief 108 on the walls 105 of the cube has a channel 111 for housing an iron.
  • the reliefs 108 and the grooves 109 out preferably have a trapezoidal shape to make easier the vertical and lateral coupling between the blocks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
EP86114392A 1985-10-22 1986-10-17 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Wänden für Bauelemente und Gebäude und Baublöcke für dieses Verfahren Withdrawn EP0224012A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT22583/85A IT1185470B (it) 1985-10-22 1985-10-22 Metodo per costruire le pareti di manufatti edilizi e di edifici
IT2258385 1985-10-22
IT2228486U IT206996Z2 (it) 1986-06-17 1986-06-17 Blocco da costruzione.
IT2228486U 1986-06-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0224012A2 true EP0224012A2 (de) 1987-06-03
EP0224012A3 EP0224012A3 (de) 1988-01-13

Family

ID=26328152

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86114392A Withdrawn EP0224012A3 (de) 1985-10-22 1986-10-17 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Wänden für Bauelemente und Gebäude und Baublöcke für dieses Verfahren

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0224012A3 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5379565A (en) * 1990-11-29 1995-01-10 Brandom Element and method of construction without mortar
WO1997043499A1 (en) * 1996-05-09 1997-11-20 Waldemar Szczepina Interlocking building block
ES2153752A1 (es) * 1998-09-23 2001-03-01 Ubeda Manuel Anton Torrecillas Sistema de construccion industrializado.
US20140223848A1 (en) * 2013-02-11 2014-08-14 Universiti Malaysia Perlis Building block for use in constructing a building
CN112440377A (zh) * 2020-12-16 2021-03-05 漳州砼艺建材有限公司 一种可就地取材制作的仿夯土墙板及其制作工艺

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1334599A (en) * 1918-03-06 1920-03-23 Wilfred L Cusick Building-blocks
US1721514A (en) * 1928-01-31 1929-07-23 John W Henry Plastic-block mold
US3422588A (en) * 1967-01-18 1969-01-21 Stark Ceramics Inc Interlocking building block
FR1586845A (de) * 1968-02-15 1970-03-06

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1334599A (en) * 1918-03-06 1920-03-23 Wilfred L Cusick Building-blocks
US1721514A (en) * 1928-01-31 1929-07-23 John W Henry Plastic-block mold
US3422588A (en) * 1967-01-18 1969-01-21 Stark Ceramics Inc Interlocking building block
FR1586845A (de) * 1968-02-15 1970-03-06

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5379565A (en) * 1990-11-29 1995-01-10 Brandom Element and method of construction without mortar
WO1997043499A1 (en) * 1996-05-09 1997-11-20 Waldemar Szczepina Interlocking building block
ES2153752A1 (es) * 1998-09-23 2001-03-01 Ubeda Manuel Anton Torrecillas Sistema de construccion industrializado.
US20140223848A1 (en) * 2013-02-11 2014-08-14 Universiti Malaysia Perlis Building block for use in constructing a building
CN112440377A (zh) * 2020-12-16 2021-03-05 漳州砼艺建材有限公司 一种可就地取材制作的仿夯土墙板及其制作工艺
CN112440377B (zh) * 2020-12-16 2022-04-12 漳州砼艺建材有限公司 一种可就地取材制作的仿夯土墙板的制作工艺

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Publication number Publication date
EP0224012A3 (de) 1988-01-13

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