EP0214882A1 - Protective lining for the interior of a metallurgical vessel, and process for making the lining - Google Patents

Protective lining for the interior of a metallurgical vessel, and process for making the lining Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0214882A1
EP0214882A1 EP86401649A EP86401649A EP0214882A1 EP 0214882 A1 EP0214882 A1 EP 0214882A1 EP 86401649 A EP86401649 A EP 86401649A EP 86401649 A EP86401649 A EP 86401649A EP 0214882 A1 EP0214882 A1 EP 0214882A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
liquid metal
sinterable
layers
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86401649A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0214882B2 (en
EP0214882B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Charles Daussan
André Daussan
Gérard Daussan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daussan SAS
Original Assignee
Daussan SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=9321609&utm_source=***_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0214882(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Daussan SAS filed Critical Daussan SAS
Priority to AT86401649T priority Critical patent/ATE40804T1/en
Publication of EP0214882A1 publication Critical patent/EP0214882A1/en
Priority to MYPI87002284A priority patent/MY101458A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0214882B1 publication Critical patent/EP0214882B1/en
Publication of EP0214882B2 publication Critical patent/EP0214882B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/02Linings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a coating for protecting the interior of a metallurgical container intended to contain a liquid metal such as liquid steel.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing such a protective coating.
  • the metallurgical container which it is desired to protect by means of a coating in accordance with the invention may be a ladle, a tundish or a slag tank.
  • These metallurgical vessels generally comprise an outer steel casing which is coated internally with a lining of refractory material such as bricks made of magnesia, alumina or silico-aluminous or of refractory cement.
  • French patent 2,316,027 recommends the protection of all the interior parts of a liquid metal transfer container by the interposition between the permanent refractory lining and the liquid metal of sinterable elements, generally in the form of plates.
  • French patent 2,393,637 describes a similar protection, made with or without the use of prefabricated elements, refractory insulators sintered in contact with liquid steel and made integral with the lining. permanent refractory by applying a composition of a nature substantially identical to that of the aforementioned prefabricated elements.
  • French Patent 2,451,789 relates to protection of the permanent refractory lining of a metallurgical container, comprising between this refractory lining and the coating coming into contact with liquid steel, a relatively compressible layer based on organic fibers and / or inorganic coated in a binder.
  • French patent 2,393,637 already cited above also describes the possibility of projecting or introducing using a mold leaving between itself and the wall to be coated, a uniform space into which the composition is introduced by tamping. and / or by blowing, by suction or by vibration.
  • the protective coatings formed by the plates or prefabricated elements are relatively expensive and complicated to implement. In addition, these prefabricated plates or elements generally do not resist beyond five to six successive flows.
  • these plates must be preheated to a temperature above 600 ° C to remove moisture and the organic compounds they contain, in order to avoid any pollution of the liquid metal by hydrogen.
  • the plates or prefabricated elements try to curve under the effect of the heat, creating between the joints of these plates or elements, spaces in which liquid metal can infiltrate which can thus reach the permanent refractory lining.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the aforementioned known solutions by creating a protective coating which is both inexpensive, easy to use, which withstands many successive flows, which withstands temperatures without damage. high preheating, which allows to maintain a high power of thermal insulation during many successive castings and which avoids any risk of adhesion between the coating and the wall of the metallurgical container, thus considerably facilitating the cleaning thereof this at the end of casting.
  • the coating for protecting the interior of a metallurgical container intended to contain a liquid metal is characterized in that it comprises at least the following two layers: a layer of which the composition and the particle size of the refractory inorganic particles are such that this sintered layer throughout its mass, under the effect of the heat of the liquid metal contained in the metallurgical container and, a layer whose composition and particle size of the refractory inorganic particles are such that this layer does not sinter or only sinter partially, so as to remain brittle, even when the first layer is completely sintered.
  • the coating according to the invention thus comprises at least two separate layers.
  • One of these two layers gradually sintered when it is in contact with the liquid metal. After a long contact time, for example after ten successive flows, this layer is sintered throughout its mass.
  • the other layer does not sinter or sinter only partially, so as to remain brittle, even when the first layer is completely sintered.
  • this layer does not adhere to this lining. Consequently, any risk of adhesion between the coating and this refractory lining is avoided, even when the first layer is completely sintered, so that cleaning at the end of casting of the interior of the metallurgical container is very easy and the refractory lining of this container is not likely to be damaged, neither during pouring, nor during cleaning.
  • the duration of use of a two-layer coating is surprisingly significantly greater than that of a coating formed of a single layer, sinterable throughout its mass, of the same thickness as that of the two layers of the coating according to the invention.
  • Sintering is the physico-chemical phenomenon which makes it possible to create a bond between two inorganic particles. This sintering takes place at a temperature significantly lower than the melting temperature of these particles. This sintering is favored by the high pressure exerted by the liquid metal on the coating according to the invention, by the possible presence, within this coating of very fine particles, of fluxes (inorganic particles having a melting point lower than that other particles that are refractory) and by using the lowest possible binder content, so that the inorganic particles are arranged very close to each other.
  • the method for producing the coating according to the invention consists in successively applying the different layers from a mud comprising the solid ingredients of the layer which it is desired to form, mixed with liquid for example ethylene glycol alcohol and / or water in a proportion of 3 to 30% by weight of liquid, the density of this sludge varying according to the layer, between 0.8 and 3.5 kg / dm3, after which the different layers are dried.
  • This drying is carried out at a temperature between 100 and 200 ° C to remove the free water.
  • the different layers are preheated to a temperature of between 600 and 1450 ° C. to eliminate the water of constitution and / or of crystallization to avoid any pollution of the liquid metal by hydrogen.
  • the mud is applied, preferably by spraying and / or spraying, but can also be carried out by other mechanical means such as: molding, injection, vibration, by gravity, trowelling or any other means of application. .
  • the method according to the invention is both very economical and is perfectly suited to the application of successive layers having different compositions.
  • the single appended figure shows, by way of nonlimiting example, in cross section, a coating according to the invention, with three superimposed layers, applied inside a tundish.
  • the flow distributor intended to contain liquid steel comprises an outer steel casing 1 comprising on its internal faces a permanent refractory lining composed of refractory bricks 2.
  • a protective coating is applied in the form of mud, which, in the example shown, comprises three layers 3, 4, 5.
  • the outer layer 3 intended to come into contact with the liquid metal which is poured into the tundish consists of a mixture of refractory inorganic particles, linked together by means of an organic and / or inorganic binder.
  • the composition of these inorganic particles and their particle size are such that these particles can sinter, that is to say bind to each other to create a coherent mass, in contact with the liquid metal.
  • this sintering is carried out very gradually and reaches the entire thickness of the layer 3, that is to say the entire mass of this layer, after a certain contact time which generally corresponds to several hours and several successive flows.
  • the thickness of this layer 3 is generally between 1 and 10 cm.
  • the intermediate layer 4 is also constituted by a mixture of inorganic particles linked together by means of an organic and / or inorganic binder.
  • the composition and particle size of these particles are such that these particles only partially sinter, so that this layer 4 remains brittle (or meringuable according to the expression used in steelmakers), even when the outer layer 3 is completely sintered in its mass.
  • the thickness of this layer 4 is generally of the same order of magnitude as that of layer 3.
  • Layer 5 is in direct contact with the lining of refractory bricks 2.
  • This layer 5 is also constituted by a mixture of refractory inorganic particles, linked together by a binder organic and / or inorganic.
  • the layer 5 is not sinterable, so that after destruction under the effect of heat, of the organic and / or inorganic binder which ensures the initial cohesion of this layer , this layer 5 becomes powdery and no longer has any adhesion with the lining of refractory bricks 2.
  • the more or less sinterable nature of the layers 3 and 4 depends on the nature and the composition of the refractory inorganic particles, on the particle size thereof, on the possible presence of fluxes such as iron oxide or carbonate of alkali or alkaline earth metals and binder content.
  • a composition containing a large proportion of refractory inorganic particles will preferably be used.
  • the proportion by weight of these will preferably be between 90 and 99.7%.
  • the particle size of these particles is preferably between 0 and 4 mm, which implies that some of them are very fine, this fineness favoring sintering.
  • the intermediate layer 4 contains a proportion of refractory inorganic particles lower than that of the completely sinterable layer 3. This proportion is preferably between 75 and 95% by weight.
  • the particle size of these particles is advantageously between 0 and 3 mm, preferably between 0.25 and 2.5 mm, so that very fine particles of particle size less than 0.5 mm are absent from this composition, so as to limit sintering.
  • this layer 4 can only partially sinter while remaining brittle, that is to say brittle, even when the layer 3 is completely sintered in its mass.
  • this intermediate layer 4 only partially sintered, this intermediate layer retains its thermal insulation properties, so that it makes it possible to avoid cooling of the liquid metal, even when the outer layer 3 is completely sintered and thus has lost its initial thermal insulation properties.
  • the layer 5 adjacent to the refractory permanent lining 2 preferably contains between 65 and 96% by weight of refractory inorganic particles whose particle size is preferably between 0 and 5 mm.
  • This layer 5 due to its lower content of refractory inorganic particles, and the fact that it is separated from the sinterable layer 3, by an intermediate layer 4, thermally insulating, does not sinter under the effect of heat, so that after destruction of the binder initially ensuring the cohesion of the layer, the latter loses all its cohesion and becomes pulverulent.
  • the coating according to the invention not only effectively protects the permanent refractory lining 2 but it makes it very easy to clean the interior of the distributor at the end of casting.
  • these layers are successively applied to the walls of the tundish, in the form of sludge containing the solid ingredients of these layers, mixed with a liquid for example such as water and / or oils, in an amount of 3 to 30% by weight of liquid.
  • a liquid for example such as water and / or oils
  • An alcohol may also be suitable (for example: ethylene glycol).
  • the mud applied must be sufficiently pasty, so as to adhere to the walls of the tundish, or to the other layers, without sinking.
  • the density of the mud applied varies according to the layers 5, 4, 3, between 0.8 kg / dm3 and 3.5 kg / dm3, the outer layer 3 being denser than the intermediate layer 4 and the latter being itself even denser than the layer 5 adjacent to the refractory lining 2.
  • the layers 3, 4, 5 thus applied are then dried at a temperature of between 100 and 200 ° C., for example by buckling and / or by blowing hot air or by means of electric heating resistors, placed inside. of the tundish and fixed to a cover closing the latter. This drying eliminates the free water from the mud which constitutes the different layers.
  • the layers 3, 4, 5 are preheated to a temperature equal to at least 600 ° C., this temperature possibly reaching 1450 ° C.
  • the inorganic and / or organic binders which decompose the initial cohesion of the layers 3, 4, 5 are decomposed.
  • This heating at high temperature has the effect of partially sintering the outer layer 3.
  • This partial sintering makes it possible to restore the cohesion of the entire coating.
  • This cohesion makes it possible to prevent, when the liquid metal is poured into the tundish, that the inorganic particles detach from the coating to pollute the liquid metal.
  • the layer 5 adjacent to the permanent refractory lining 2 does not sinter and becomes powdery, this layer 5 has no adhesion with respect to this lining, so that at the end of casting, the removal of the covering is very easy and there is no risk of damaging the refractory lining by trying to remove by means of tools such as jackhammers, the solidified masses adhering to this permanent refractory lining.
  • one of the layers 4 or 5 can be omitted, so as to limit the number of layers to at least 2.
  • layers 3 and 4 can be inverted, that is to say by placing the sinterable layer 3 between the non-sinterable layer 5 and the partially sinterable layer 4.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to apply to the level of the slag 6 area supernatant the liquid metal, an additional thickness 7 of the sinterable layer 3.
  • This additional thickness 7 may have the same composition as the layer 3 so as to sinter at the same time as this.
  • This additional thickness 7 makes it possible to reinforce the protection provided by the coating according to the invention, in the most vulnerable zone of the flow distributor, namely the slag zone.
  • This additional thickness 7 may also have a composition different from that of the layer 3 so as to provide increased protection against slag.
  • the composition of the layer forming this additional thickness 7 can thus contain highly refractory particles such as zircon and / or zirconia and / or carbon, and / or silicon carbide.
  • the thickness of the coating can, of course, also be increased in other places in the tundish and in part in the impact zone of the casting jet which is poured from the tundish placed above the tundish. casting.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)

Abstract

An internal lining for protecting the permanent refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel (1, 2) such as a tundish, casting ladle or slag pot has a base of refractory inorganic particles coated with a binder. The protective internal lining is constituted by at least two layers, namely an inner layer (3) which sinters throughout its mass under the action of heat of the molten metal contained in the metallurgical vessel, and a layer (4 or 5) which does not sinter at all or sinters only to a partial extent in order to remain friable even when the inner layer (3) has completely sintered.

Description

La présente invention concerne un revêtement pour protéger l'intérieur d'un récipient métallurgique destiné à contenir un métal liquide tel que de l'acier liquide.The present invention relates to a coating for protecting the interior of a metallurgical container intended to contain a liquid metal such as liquid steel.

L'invention vise également un procédé pour réaliser un tel revêtement de protection.The invention also relates to a method for producing such a protective coating.

Le récipient métallurgique que l'on désire protéger au moyen d'un revêtement conforme à l'invention peut être une poche de coulée, un répartiteur de coulée ou une cuve à scories.The metallurgical container which it is desired to protect by means of a coating in accordance with the invention may be a ladle, a tundish or a slag tank.

Ces récipients métallurgiques comprennent généralement une enveloppe extérieure en acier qui est revêtue intérieurement par un garnissage en matière réfractaire tel que des briques en magnésie, alumine ou silico-alumineux ou en ciment réfractaire.These metallurgical vessels generally comprise an outer steel casing which is coated internally with a lining of refractory material such as bricks made of magnesia, alumina or silico-aluminous or of refractory cement.

En fin de coulée, il est nécessaire d'éliminer les résidus subsistant dans les récipients ayant contenu le métal liquide. Ces résidus sont très agressifs vis-à-vis du garnissage intérieur en matière réfractaire, de sorte que celui-ci s'use au cours du temps et doit être remplacé au bout d'un certain temps d'utilisation, ce qui constitue une opération compliquée et onéreuse.At the end of casting, it is necessary to remove the residues remaining in the containers which have contained the liquid metal. These residues are very aggressive towards the inner lining of refractory material, so that it wears over time and must be replaced after a certain time of use, which constitutes an operation. complicated and expensive.

De nombreuses solutions ont déjà été proposées pour protéger contre l'usure, le garnissage permanent réfractaire des récipients métallurgiques.Many solutions have already been proposed to protect against wear, the refractory lining of metallurgical vessels.

Le brevet français 2 316 027 préconise la protection de toutes les parties intérieures d'un récipient de transvasement de métaux liquides par l'interposition entre le garnissage réfractaire permanent et le métal liquide d'éléments frittables, généralement sous forme de plaques.French patent 2,316,027 recommends the protection of all the interior parts of a liquid metal transfer container by the interposition between the permanent refractory lining and the liquid metal of sinterable elements, generally in the form of plates.

Le brevet français 2 393 637 décrit une protection similaire, réalisée à l'aide ou non d'éléments préfabriqués, isolants réfractaires frittables au contact de l'acier liquide et rendus solidaires du garnissage réfractaire permanent par application d'une composition de nature sensiblement identique à celle des éléments préfabriqués précités.French patent 2,393,637 describes a similar protection, made with or without the use of prefabricated elements, refractory insulators sintered in contact with liquid steel and made integral with the lining. permanent refractory by applying a composition of a nature substantially identical to that of the aforementioned prefabricated elements.

Le brevet français 2 451 789 a trait à une protection du garnissage permanent réfractaire d'un récipient métallurgique, comportant entre ce garnissage réfractaire et le revêtement venant au contact de l'acier liquide, une couche relativement compressible à base de fibres organiques et/ou inorganiques enrobées dans un liant.French Patent 2,451,789 relates to protection of the permanent refractory lining of a metallurgical container, comprising between this refractory lining and the coating coming into contact with liquid steel, a relatively compressible layer based on organic fibers and / or inorganic coated in a binder.

Il a également été préconisé dans la demande de brevet de la République Fédérale Allemande n° 2 010 743 d'incorporer sous les éléments préfabriqués et derrière ceux-ci du sable non aggloméré, afin d'augmenter le coefficient d'isolation thermique du revêtement d'usure venant au contact de l'acier liquide.It was also recommended in the patent application of the German Federal Republic No. 2,010,743 to incorporate under the prefabricated elements and behind them non-agglomerated sand, in order to increase the coefficient of thermal insulation of the coating. wear coming into contact with liquid steel.

Le brevet français 2 393 637 déjà cité plus haut décrit également la possibilité de projeter ou d'introduire à l'aide d'un moule laissant entre lui-même et la paroi à revêtir, un espace uniforme dans lequel on introduit la composition par damage et/ou par soufflage, par aspiration ou par vibration.French patent 2,393,637 already cited above also describes the possibility of projecting or introducing using a mold leaving between itself and the wall to be coated, a uniform space into which the composition is introduced by tamping. and / or by blowing, by suction or by vibration.

Toutes ces solutions comportent de nombreux désavantages.All of these solutions have many disadvantages.

Les revêtements de protection constitués par les plaques ou des éléments préfabriqués sont relativement onéreux et compliqués à mettre en oeuvre. De plus, ces plaques ou éléments préfabriqués ne résistent généralement pas au-delà de cinq à six coulées successives.The protective coatings formed by the plates or prefabricated elements are relatively expensive and complicated to implement. In addition, these prefabricated plates or elements generally do not resist beyond five to six successive flows.

Dans certains cas, ces plaques doivent être préchauffées à une température supérieure à 600°C pour éliminer l'humidité ainsi que les composés organiques qu'elles renferment, afin d'éviter toute pollution du métal liquide par de l'hydrogène.In some cases, these plates must be preheated to a temperature above 600 ° C to remove moisture and the organic compounds they contain, in order to avoid any pollution of the liquid metal by hydrogen.

Lors de ce préchauffage, les plaques ou éléments préfabriqués tentent à s'incurver sous l'effet de la chaleur, en créant entre les joints de ces plaques ou éléments, des espaces dans lesquels peut s'infiltrer le métal liquide qui peut ainsi atteindre le garnissage réfractaire permanent.During this preheating, the plates or prefabricated elements try to curve under the effect of the heat, creating between the joints of these plates or elements, spaces in which liquid metal can infiltrate which can thus reach the permanent refractory lining.

Cette situation est encore aggravée lorsque l'espace compris entre les plaques et le garnissage réfractaire permanent est rempli de matière pulvérulente telle que du sable. En effet, cette matière pulvérulente risque de polluer le métal liquide en coulant à travers les espaces créés entre les plaques incurvées sous l'effet de la chaleur. De plus, en s'infiltrant dans ces espaces, le métal liquide se mélange avec la matière pulvérulente en créant une masse qui adhère fortement au garnissage réfractaire permanent qui devient alors très difficile à nettoyer.This situation is further aggravated when the space between the plates and the permanent refractory lining is filled with pulverulent material such as sand. In fact, this pulverulent material risks polluting the liquid metal by flowing through the spaces created between the curved plates under the effect of heat. In addition, by infiltrating these spaces, the liquid metal mixes with the pulverulent material creating a mass which strongly adheres to the permanent refractory lining which then becomes very difficult to clean.

Les revêtements mono-couche réalisés par projection, comme décrit dans le brevet français 2 393 637, obtenus à partir d'un mélange de particules inorganiques réfractaires et d'un liant inorganique ou organique, ne présentent pas les inconvénients précités concernant les plaques ou autres éléments préfabriqués.The single-layer coatings produced by spraying, as described in French patent 2,393,637, obtained from a mixture of refractory inorganic particles and an inorganic or organic binder, do not have the aforementioned drawbacks concerning plates or the like. prefabricated elements.

Ces revêtements doivent obligatoirement fritter au contact du métal liquide, afin d'éviter tout risque que des particules inorganiques se détachent de ces revêtements et polluent le métal liquide.These coatings must necessarily sinter in contact with the liquid metal, in order to avoid any risk of inorganic particles detaching from these coatings and polluting the liquid metal.

Ce frittage a lieu progressivement et au bout d'une certaine durée de contact entre le métal liquide et le revêtement de protection, toute la masse de celui-ci est frittée, ce qui se traduit par les deux inconvénients suivants :
- tout d'abord lorsque toute la masse du revêtement est frittée, ce revêtement possède un pouvoir d'isolation thermique notablement réduit, de sorte qu'on risque de refroidir le métal liquide,
- par ailleurs, lorsque toute la masse du revêtement est frittée, cette masse adhère au garnissage réfractaire permanent et ce dernier devient alors très difficile à nettoyer.
This sintering takes place gradually and after a certain period of contact between the liquid metal and the protective coating, the entire mass of the latter is sintered, which results in the following two drawbacks:
first of all when the entire mass of the coating is sintered, this coating has a significantly reduced thermal insulation power, so that there is a risk of cooling the liquid metal,
- moreover, when the entire mass of the coating is sintered, this mass adheres to the permanent refractory lining and the latter then becomes very difficult to clean.

Pour ces deux raisons, on évite d'attendre que le revêtement soit entièrement fritté, de façon que lorsque la coulée est terminée, ce revêtement puisse se détacher d'un seul bloc des parois intérieures du récipient métallurgique par simple retournement de celui-ci.For these two reasons, it is avoided to wait until the coating is completely sintered, so that when the casting is finished, this coating can detach in one piece from the interior walls of the metallurgical container by simple inversion thereof.

Par conséquent, ce revêtement n'est utilisable que pour quelques coulées successives et doit donc être remplacé fréquemment. Ce remplacement est relativement coûteux et occasionne une interruption de la coulée qui est également défavorable sur le plan économique.Consequently, this coating can only be used for a few successive castings and must therefore be replaced frequently. This replacement is relatively expensive and results in an interruption of the casting which is also economically unfavorable.

Dans le brevet français 2 338 100, il a été proposé de placer entre le revêtement frittable et le garnissage réfractaire permanent, une matière par exemple à base de papier, qui peut limiter les risques d'adhérence entre le revêtement fritté et le garnissage réfractaire permanent. Toutefois, cette matière est rapidement carbonisée sous l'effet de la chaleur, de sorte qu'elle est en pratique incapable de remplir la fonction précitée.In French patent 2,338,100, it has been proposed to place between the sinterable coating and the permanent refractory lining, a material for example based on paper, which can limit the risks of adhesion between the sintered coating and the permanent refractory lining . However, this material is quickly charred under the effect of heat, so that it is in practice incapable of fulfilling the above-mentioned function.

Le but de la présente invention est de remédier aux inconvénients des solutions connues précitées en créant un revêtement de protection qui soit à la fois peu onéreux, aisé à mettre en oeuvre, qui résiste à de nombreuses coulées successives, qui résiste sans dommage à des températures élevées de préchauffage, qui permette de maintenir un haut pouvoir d'isolation thermique pendant de nombreuses coulées successives et qui permette d'éviter tout risque d'adhérence entre le revêtement et la paroi du récipient métallurgique, en facilitant ainsi considérablement le nettoyage de celui-ci en fin de coulée.The object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the aforementioned known solutions by creating a protective coating which is both inexpensive, easy to use, which withstands many successive flows, which withstands temperatures without damage. high preheating, which allows to maintain a high power of thermal insulation during many successive castings and which avoids any risk of adhesion between the coating and the wall of the metallurgical container, thus considerably facilitating the cleaning thereof this at the end of casting.

Suivant l'invention, le revêtement pour protéger l'intérieur d'un récipient métallurgique destiné à contenir un métal liquide, ce revêtement étant à base de particules inorganiques réfractaires, enrobées dans un liant, est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins les deux couches suivantes :
- une couche dont la composition et la granulométrie des particules inorganiques réfractaires sont telles que cette couche fritte dans toute sa masse, sous l'effet de la chaleur du métal liquide contenu dans le récipient métallurgique et,
- une couche dont la composition et la granulométrie des particules inorganiques réfractaires sont telles que cette couche ne fritte pas ou ne fritte que partiellement, de manière à rester friable, même lorsque la première couche est complètement frittée.
According to the invention, the coating for protecting the interior of a metallurgical container intended to contain a liquid metal, this coating being based on particles refractory inorganics, coated in a binder, is characterized in that it comprises at least the following two layers:
a layer of which the composition and the particle size of the refractory inorganic particles are such that this sintered layer throughout its mass, under the effect of the heat of the liquid metal contained in the metallurgical container and,
a layer whose composition and particle size of the refractory inorganic particles are such that this layer does not sinter or only sinter partially, so as to remain brittle, even when the first layer is completely sintered.

Le revêtement conforme à l'invention comprend ainsi au moins deux couches distinctes. L'une de ces deux couches fritte progressivement lorsqu'elle est en contact avec le métal liquide. Après une longue durée de contact, par exemple après une dizaine de coulées successives, cette couche est frittée dans toute sa masse.The coating according to the invention thus comprises at least two separate layers. One of these two layers gradually sintered when it is in contact with the liquid metal. After a long contact time, for example after ten successive flows, this layer is sintered throughout its mass.

L'autre couche, ne fritte pas ou ne fritte que partiellement, de manière à rester friable, même lorsque la première couche est complètement frittée. Ainsi, lorsque cette autre couche est en contact avec le garnissage réfractaire permanent, cette couche n'adhère pas à ce garnissage. Par conséquent, tout risque d'adhérence entre le revêtement et ce garnissage réfractaire est évité, même lorsque la première couche est complètement frittée, de sorte que le nettoyage en fin de coulée de l'intérieur du récipient métallurgique est très aisé et le garnissage réfractaire de ce récipient ne risque pas d'être abîmé, ni lors de la coulée, ni lors du nettoyage.The other layer does not sinter or sinter only partially, so as to remain brittle, even when the first layer is completely sintered. Thus, when this other layer is in contact with the permanent refractory lining, this layer does not adhere to this lining. Consequently, any risk of adhesion between the coating and this refractory lining is avoided, even when the first layer is completely sintered, so that cleaning at the end of casting of the interior of the metallurgical container is very easy and the refractory lining of this container is not likely to be damaged, neither during pouring, nor during cleaning.

On sait par ailleurs, que le frittage du revêtement est néfaste à l'égard de ses propriétés isolantes. Etant donné que la seconde couche ne fritte pas ou ne fritte que partiellement, cette seconde couche continue à assurer une isolation thermique suffisante, même lorsque la première couche est complètement frittée et présente par conséquent elle-même un pouvoir d'isolation thermique très réduit.It is also known that sintering of the coating is harmful with regard to its insulating properties. Since the second layer does not or only partially sinter, this second layer continues to provide sufficient thermal insulation, even when the first layer is completely sintered and therefore itself has very low thermal insulation power.

On peut ainsi, grâce à l'association de deux couches, l'une frittable et l'autre partiellement frittable ou non frittable, prolonger considérablement la durée d'utilisation du revêtement de protection d'un récipient métallurgique, ce qui permet d'éviter des interruptions trop fréquentes et trop longues et par conséquent coûteuses, de la coulée.It is thus possible, by virtue of the association of two layers, one sinterable and the other partially sinterable or non-sinterable, considerably extend the duration of use of the protective coating of a metallurgical container, which makes it possible to avoid too frequent and too long and consequently costly interruptions of the casting.

Ainsi, la durée d'utilisation d'un revêtement à deux couches, conforme à l'invention, est de façon surprenante nettement supérieure à celle d'un revêtement formé d'une seule couche, frittable dans toute sa masse, de même épaisseur que celle des deux couches du revêtement conforme à l'invention.Thus, the duration of use of a two-layer coating, in accordance with the invention, is surprisingly significantly greater than that of a coating formed of a single layer, sinterable throughout its mass, of the same thickness as that of the two layers of the coating according to the invention.

Le frittage est le phénomène physico-chimique qui permet de créer une liaison entre deux particules inorganiques. Ce frittage a lieu à une température nettement inférieure à la température de fusion de ces particules. Ce frittage est favorisé par la forte pression exercée par le métal liquide sur le revêtement conforme à l'invention, par la présence éventuelle, au sein de ce revêtement de particules très fines, de fondants (particules inorganiques ayant un point de fusion inférieur à celui des autres particules qui sont réfractaires) et par l'utilisation d'une teneur en liant la plus faible possible, afin que les particules inorganiques soient disposées très près les unes des autres.Sintering is the physico-chemical phenomenon which makes it possible to create a bond between two inorganic particles. This sintering takes place at a temperature significantly lower than the melting temperature of these particles. This sintering is favored by the high pressure exerted by the liquid metal on the coating according to the invention, by the possible presence, within this coating of very fine particles, of fluxes (inorganic particles having a melting point lower than that other particles that are refractory) and by using the lowest possible binder content, so that the inorganic particles are arranged very close to each other.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, le procédé pour réaliser le revêtement conforme à l'invention, consiste à appliquer successivement les différentes couches à partir d'une boue comprenant les ingrédients solides de la couche que l'on veut former, mélangés avec un liquide par exemple de l'alcool éthylèneglycol et/ou de l'eau à raison de 3 à 30% en poids de liquide, la densité de ces boues variant suivant la couche, entre 0,8 et 3,5 kg/dm3, après quoi les différentes couches sont séchées. Ce séchage est effectué à une température comprise entre 100 et 200°C pour éliminer l'eau libre. Dans certains cas, les différentes couches sont préchauffées à une température comprise entre 600 et 1 450°C pour éliminer l'eau de constitution et/ou de cristallisation pour éviter toute pollution du métal liquide par de l'hydrogène.According to another aspect of the invention, the method for producing the coating according to the invention consists in successively applying the different layers from a mud comprising the solid ingredients of the layer which it is desired to form, mixed with liquid for example ethylene glycol alcohol and / or water in a proportion of 3 to 30% by weight of liquid, the density of this sludge varying according to the layer, between 0.8 and 3.5 kg / dm3, after which the different layers are dried. This drying is carried out at a temperature between 100 and 200 ° C to remove the free water. In certain cases, the different layers are preheated to a temperature of between 600 and 1450 ° C. to eliminate the water of constitution and / or of crystallization to avoid any pollution of the liquid metal by hydrogen.

L'application de la boue se fait, de préférence par projection et/ou par pulvérisation, mais peut être aussi effectuée par d'autres moyens mécaniques tels que : moulage, injection, vibration, par gravité, truellage ou tout autre moyen d'application.The mud is applied, preferably by spraying and / or spraying, but can also be carried out by other mechanical means such as: molding, injection, vibration, by gravity, trowelling or any other means of application. .

Le procédé conforme à l'invention, est à la fois très économique et est parfaitement adapté à l'application de couches successives présentant différentes compositions.The method according to the invention is both very economical and is perfectly suited to the application of successive layers having different compositions.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore dans la description ci-­après.Other features and advantages of the invention will appear in the description below.

La figure unique annexée montre, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en coupe transversale, un revêtement conforme à l'invention, à trois couches superposées, appliquées à l'intérieur d'un répartiteur de coulée.The single appended figure shows, by way of nonlimiting example, in cross section, a coating according to the invention, with three superimposed layers, applied inside a tundish.

Dans la réalisation représentée sur la figure annexée, le répartiteur de coulée destiné à contenir de l'acier liquide, comprend une enveloppe extérieure en acier 1 comportant sur ses faces internes un garnissage réfractaire permanent composé de briques réfractaires 2.In the embodiment shown in the appended figure, the flow distributor intended to contain liquid steel, comprises an outer steel casing 1 comprising on its internal faces a permanent refractory lining composed of refractory bricks 2.

Sur ce garnissage réfractaire permanent, est appliqué sous forme de boue, un revêtement de protection qui, dans l'exemple représenté, comprend trois couches 3, 4, 5.On this permanent refractory lining, a protective coating is applied in the form of mud, which, in the example shown, comprises three layers 3, 4, 5.

La couche extérieure 3 destinée à venir en contact avec le métal liquide qui est versé dans le répartiteur de coulée, est constituée par un mélange de particules inorganiques réfractaires, liées entre elles au moyen d'un liant organique et/ou inorganique. La composition de ces particules inorganiques et leur granulométrie sont telles que ces particules puissent fritter, c'est-à-dire se lier entre elles pour créer une masse cohérente, au contact du métal liquide.The outer layer 3 intended to come into contact with the liquid metal which is poured into the tundish, consists of a mixture of refractory inorganic particles, linked together by means of an organic and / or inorganic binder. The composition of these inorganic particles and their particle size are such that these particles can sinter, that is to say bind to each other to create a coherent mass, in contact with the liquid metal.

Au contact du métal liquide, ce frittage est réalisé très progressivement et atteint toute l'épaisseur de la couche 3, c'est-à-dire toute la masse de cette couche, au bout d'une certaine durée de contact qui correspond généralement à plusieurs heures et à plusieurs coulées successives.In contact with the liquid metal, this sintering is carried out very gradually and reaches the entire thickness of the layer 3, that is to say the entire mass of this layer, after a certain contact time which generally corresponds to several hours and several successive flows.

Bien entendu, plus l'épaisseur de cette couche 3 est importante, plus longue sera la durée au bout de laquelle cette couche est complètement frittée dans sa masse. L'épaisseur de ette couche 3 est généralement comprise entre 1 et 10 cm.Of course, the greater the thickness of this layer 3, the longer will be the time at the end of which this layer is completely sintered in its mass. The thickness of this layer 3 is generally between 1 and 10 cm.

La couche intermédiaire 4 est également constituée par un mélange de particules inorganiques liées entre elles au moyen d'un liant organique et/ou inorganique. La composition et la granulométrie de ces particules sont telles que ces particules ne frittent que partiellement, de façon que cette couche 4 reste friable (ou meringuable selon l'expression utilisée chez les aciéristes), même lorsque la couche extérieure 3 est complètement frittée dans sa masse. L'épaisseur de cette couche 4 est généralement du même ordre de grandeur que celle de la couche 3.The intermediate layer 4 is also constituted by a mixture of inorganic particles linked together by means of an organic and / or inorganic binder. The composition and particle size of these particles are such that these particles only partially sinter, so that this layer 4 remains brittle (or meringuable according to the expression used in steelmakers), even when the outer layer 3 is completely sintered in its mass. The thickness of this layer 4 is generally of the same order of magnitude as that of layer 3.

La couche 5 est en contact direct avec le garnissage en briques réfractaires 2. Cette couche 5 est également constituée par un mélange de particules inorganiques réfractaires, liées entre elles par un liant organique et/ou inorganique. Toutefois, à la différence des autres couches 3 et 4, la couche 5 n'est pas frittable, de sorte qu'après destruction sous l'effet de la chaleur, du liant organique et/ou inorganique qui assure la cohésion initiale de cette couche, cette couche 5 devient pulvérulente et ne présente plus aucune adhérence avec le garnissage en briques réfractaires 2.Layer 5 is in direct contact with the lining of refractory bricks 2. This layer 5 is also constituted by a mixture of refractory inorganic particles, linked together by a binder organic and / or inorganic. However, unlike the other layers 3 and 4, the layer 5 is not sinterable, so that after destruction under the effect of heat, of the organic and / or inorganic binder which ensures the initial cohesion of this layer , this layer 5 becomes powdery and no longer has any adhesion with the lining of refractory bricks 2.

Les couches 3 et 4 respectivement frittable et frittable partiellement présentent de préférence la composition pondérale suivante :
- liant minéral (par exemple bore et/ou acide borique et/ou argile et/ou un ou plusieurs silicates et/ou ciment alumineux et/ou phosphatique et/ou magnésien) et/ou liant organique et/ou synthétique (par exemple une colle synthétique telle que résine phénolique)....... 0,3 à 15%

Figure imgb0001
The layers 3 and 4 respectively sinterable and partially sinterable preferably have the following weight composition:
- mineral binder (for example boron and / or boric acid and / or clay and / or one or more silicates and / or aluminous and / or phosphatic and / or magnesium cement) and / or organic and / or synthetic binder (for example a synthetic glue such as phenolic resin) ....... 0.3 to 15%
Figure imgb0001

Le caractère plus ou moins frittable des couches 3 et 4 dépend de la nature et de la composition des particules inorganiques réfractaires, de la granulométrie de celles-ci, de la présence éventuelle de fondants tels que de l'oxyde de fer ou du carbonate de métaux alcalins ou alcalino-terreux et de la teneur en liant.The more or less sinterable nature of the layers 3 and 4 depends on the nature and the composition of the refractory inorganic particles, on the particle size thereof, on the possible presence of fluxes such as iron oxide or carbonate of alkali or alkaline earth metals and binder content.

Pour que la couche 3 puisse fritter complètement au contact du métal liquide, on utilisera de préférence une composition renfermant une importante proportion de particules inorganiques réfractaires. Ainsi, la proportion pondérale de celles-ci sera de préférence comprise entre 90 et 99,7%. La granulométrie de ces particules est de préférence comprise entre 0 et 4 mm, ce qui implique que certaines d'entre elles sont très fines, cette finesse favorisant le frittage.So that the layer 3 can sinter completely in contact with the liquid metal, a composition containing a large proportion of refractory inorganic particles will preferably be used. Thus, the proportion by weight of these will preferably be between 90 and 99.7%. The particle size of these particles is preferably between 0 and 4 mm, which implies that some of them are very fine, this fineness favoring sintering.

La couche intermédiaire 4 contient une proportion de particules inorganiques réfractaires inférieure à celle de la couche complètement frittable 3. Cette proportion est de préférence comprise entre 75 et 95% en poids. La granulométrie de ces particules est comprise avantageusement entre 0 et 3 mm, de préférence entre 0,25 et 2,5 mm, de sorte que les particules très fines de granulométrie inférieure à 0,5 mm sont absentes de cette composition, de façon à limiter le frittage. Ainsi, cette couche 4 ne peut fritter que partiellement en restant ainsi friable, c'est-à-dire cassante, même lorsque la couche 3 est complètement frittée dans sa masse.The intermediate layer 4 contains a proportion of refractory inorganic particles lower than that of the completely sinterable layer 3. This proportion is preferably between 75 and 95% by weight. The particle size of these particles is advantageously between 0 and 3 mm, preferably between 0.25 and 2.5 mm, so that very fine particles of particle size less than 0.5 mm are absent from this composition, so as to limit sintering. Thus, this layer 4 can only partially sinter while remaining brittle, that is to say brittle, even when the layer 3 is completely sintered in its mass.

Du fait que cette couche intermédiaire 4 ne fritte que partiellement, cette couche intermédiaire conserve ses propriétés d'isolation thermique, de sorte qu'elle permet d'éviter le refroidissement du métal liquide, même lorsque la couche extérieure 3 est complètement frittée et a ainsi perdu ses propriétés initiales d'isolation thermique.Because this intermediate layer 4 only partially sintered, this intermediate layer retains its thermal insulation properties, so that it makes it possible to avoid cooling of the liquid metal, even when the outer layer 3 is completely sintered and thus has lost its initial thermal insulation properties.

La couche 5 adjacente au garnissage permanent réfractaire 2, renferme de préférence entre 65 et 96% en poids de particules inorganiques réfractaires dont la granulométrie est comprise de préférence entre 0 et 5 mm. Cette couche 5, en raison de sa teneur plus faible en particules inorganiques réfractaires, et du fait qu'elle soit séparée de la couche frittable 3, par une couche intermédiaire 4, thermiquement isolante, ne fritte pas sous l'effet de la chaleur, de sorte qu'après destruction du liant assurant initialement la cohésion de la couche, cette dernière perd toute sa cohésion et devient pulvérulente. Ainsi, après de nombreuses coulées successives, lorsqu'on estime que le revêtement conforme à l'invention est suffisamment usé et qu'il convient de le remplacer par un revêtement neuf, étant donné que la couche 5 adjacente au garnissage réfractaire permanent 2 est pulvérulente, il n'existe aucune adhérence entre ce garnissage réfractaire et l'ensemble du revêtement, de sorte que celui-ci se détache très facilement et d'un seul bloc du garnissage réfractaire 2, par simple retournement du répartiteur de coulée.The layer 5 adjacent to the refractory permanent lining 2 preferably contains between 65 and 96% by weight of refractory inorganic particles whose particle size is preferably between 0 and 5 mm. This layer 5, due to its lower content of refractory inorganic particles, and the fact that it is separated from the sinterable layer 3, by an intermediate layer 4, thermally insulating, does not sinter under the effect of heat, so that after destruction of the binder initially ensuring the cohesion of the layer, the latter loses all its cohesion and becomes pulverulent. Thus, after numerous successive flows, when it is considered that the coating according to the invention is sufficiently worn and it should be replaced by a new coating, since the layer 5 adjacent to the permanent refractory lining 2 is powdery, there is no adhesion between this refractory lining and the entire coating, so that it detaches very easily and in one piece from the refractory lining 2, by simply inverting the tundish.

Par conséquent, le revêtement conforme à l'invention, non seulement protège efficacement le garnissage réfractaire permanent 2 mais il permet de nettoyer très facilement l'intérieur du répartiteur en fin de coulée.Consequently, the coating according to the invention not only effectively protects the permanent refractory lining 2 but it makes it very easy to clean the interior of the distributor at the end of casting.

Conformément au procédé selon l'invention, pour réaliser le revêtement à trois couches 3, 4, 5 que l'on vient de décrire, on applique successivement ces couches sur les parois du répartiteur de coulée, sous forme de boues renfermant les ingrédients solides de ces couches, mélangés avec un liquide par exemple tel que l'eau et/ou des huiles, à raison de 3 à 30% en poids de liquide. Un alcool pourrait aussi convenir (par exemple : éthylénéglycol).In accordance with the process according to the invention, in order to produce the three-layer coating 3, 4, 5 which has just been described, these layers are successively applied to the walls of the tundish, in the form of sludge containing the solid ingredients of these layers, mixed with a liquid for example such as water and / or oils, in an amount of 3 to 30% by weight of liquid. An alcohol may also be suitable (for example: ethylene glycol).

La boue appliquée doit être suffisamment pâteuse, de façon à adhérer aux parois du répartiteur de coulée, ou aux autres couches, sans couler.The mud applied must be sufficiently pasty, so as to adhere to the walls of the tundish, or to the other layers, without sinking.

La densité de la boue appliquée varie suivant les couches 5, 4, 3, entre 0,8 kg/dm3 et 3,5 kg/dm3, la couche extérieure 3 étant plus dense que la couche intermédiaire 4 et celle-ci étant elle-même plus dense que la couche 5 adjacente au garnissage réfractaire 2.The density of the mud applied varies according to the layers 5, 4, 3, between 0.8 kg / dm3 and 3.5 kg / dm3, the outer layer 3 being denser than the intermediate layer 4 and the latter being itself even denser than the layer 5 adjacent to the refractory lining 2.

Les couches 3, 4, 5 ainsi appliquées, sont ensuite séchées à une température comprise entre 100 et 200°C, par exemple par flambage et/ou par soufflage d'air chaud ou au moyen de résistances électriques chauffantes, placées à l'intérieur du répartiteur de coulée et fixées à un couvercle fermant ce dernier. Ce séchage permet d'éliminer l'eau libre de la boue qui constitue les différentes couches.The layers 3, 4, 5 thus applied are then dried at a temperature of between 100 and 200 ° C., for example by buckling and / or by blowing hot air or by means of electric heating resistors, placed inside. of the tundish and fixed to a cover closing the latter. This drying eliminates the free water from the mud which constitutes the different layers.

Dans certains cas, il convient d'éliminer des couches 3, 4, 5 tous les constituants organiques et toute l'eau de constitution et de cristallisation de ces couches, afin d'éviter tout risque de pollution du métal liquide par de l'hydrogène. A cet effet, on préchauffe les couches 3, 4, 5 à une température égale à au moins 600°C, cette température pouvant atteindre 1 450°C.In certain cases, it is advisable to remove from the layers 3, 4, 5 all the organic constituents and all the water of constitution and of crystallization of these layers, in order to avoid any risk of pollution of the liquid metal by hydrogen. . To this end, the layers 3, 4, 5 are preheated to a temperature equal to at least 600 ° C., this temperature possibly reaching 1450 ° C.

A ces températures élevées, on décompose les liants inorganiques et/ou organiques qui assurent la cohésion initiale des couches 3, 4, 5. Ce chauffage à température élevée a pour effet de fritter partiellement la couche extérieure 3. Ce frittage partiel permet de rétablir la cohésion de l'ensemble du revêtement. Cette cohésion permet d'éviter, lorsque le métal liquide est déversé dans le répartiteur de coulée, que les particules inorganiques se détachent du revêtement pour polluer le métal liquide.At these high temperatures, the inorganic and / or organic binders which decompose the initial cohesion of the layers 3, 4, 5 are decomposed. This heating at high temperature has the effect of partially sintering the outer layer 3. This partial sintering makes it possible to restore the cohesion of the entire coating. This cohesion makes it possible to prevent, when the liquid metal is poured into the tundish, that the inorganic particles detach from the coating to pollute the liquid metal.

Par rapport à un revêtement appliqué, mono-­couche et frittable, classique, présentant une composition analogue à celle de la couche extérieure 3 du revêtement conforme à l'invention , ce dernier présente, pour une même épaisseur totale, les principaux avantages techniques inattendus suivants.Compared with a conventional applied, monolayer and sinterable coating, having a composition similar to that of the outer layer 3 of the coating according to the invention, the latter has, for the same total thickness, the following main unexpected technical advantages .

Sa durée d'utilisation est nettement plus longue, étant donné que le frittage ne se poursuit pratiquement pas au-delà de la couche extérieure 3 et ne peut donc atteindre le garnissage réfractaire permanent 2.Its duration of use is considerably longer, since the sintering practically does not continue beyond the outer layer 3 and therefore cannot reach the permanent refractory lining 2.

D'autre part, étant donné que la couche intermédiaire 4 ne fritte que partiellement et que la couche 5 adjacente au garnissage réfractaire permanent 2 ne fritte pas, ces couches 4 et 5 assurent une excellente isolation thermique, en évitant ainsi tout refroidissement du métal liquide pendant son séjour dans le répartiteur de coulée.On the other hand, since the intermediate layer 4 only sintered partially and that the layer 5 adjacent to the permanent refractory lining 2 does not sinter, these layers 4 and 5 provide excellent thermal insulation, thus avoiding any cooling of the liquid metal during his stay in the dispatcher of casting.

Par ailleurs, étant donné que la couche 5 adjacente au garnissage réfractaire permanent 2 ne fritte pas et devient pulvérulente, cette couche 5 ne présente aucune adhérence vis-à-vis de ce garnissage, de sorte qu'en fin de coulée, l'enlèvement du revêtement est très aisé et on ne risque pas d'abîmer le garnissage réfractaire en essayant d'enlever au moyen d'outils tels que des marteaux-­piqueurs, les masses solidifiées adhérant à ce garnissage réfractaire permanent.Furthermore, since the layer 5 adjacent to the permanent refractory lining 2 does not sinter and becomes powdery, this layer 5 has no adhesion with respect to this lining, so that at the end of casting, the removal of the covering is very easy and there is no risk of damaging the refractory lining by trying to remove by means of tools such as jackhammers, the solidified masses adhering to this permanent refractory lining.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple de réalisation que l'on vient de décrire et on peut apporter à celui-ci de nombreuses modifications sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment which has just been described and many modifications can be made to it without departing from the scope of the invention.

Ainsi, dans une réalisation simplifiée de l'invention, on peut supprimer l'une des couches 4 ou 5, de façon à limiter le nombre de couches à au moins 2.Thus, in a simplified embodiment of the invention, one of the layers 4 or 5 can be omitted, so as to limit the number of layers to at least 2.

Lorsque la couche extérieure frittable 3 est séparée du garnissage permanent réfractaire 2 par la couche non frittable 5, on ne risque pas non plus d'obtenir une adhérence entre cette couche 5 et le garnissage réfractaire 2. Toutefois, le pouvoir d'isolation thermique apporté par ces deux couches sera moins bon que dans le cas d'un revêtement à trois couches.When the sinterable outer layer 3 is separated from the permanent refractory lining 2 by the non-sinterable layer 5, there is also no risk of obtaining adhesion between this layer 5 and the refractory lining 2. However, the power of thermal insulation provided by these two layers will be worse than in the case of a three-layer coating.

Lorsque la couche extérieure frittable 3 est séparée du garnissage permanent réfractaire 2 par la couche 4 ne frittant que partiellement et restant par conséquent friable, on risque tout au plus d'obtenir une légère adhérence entre cette couche 4 et le garnissage réfractaire 2.When the sinterable outer layer 3 is separated from the permanent refractory lining 2 by the layer 4 sintering only partially and therefore remaining brittle, there is at most the risk of obtaining a slight adhesion between this layer 4 and the refractory lining 2.

Par ailleurs, dans le cas d'un revêtement à trois couches, il est possible de placer la couche non frittable 5 entre la couche frittable 3 et la couche partiellement frittable 4.Furthermore, in the case of a three-layer coating, it is possible to place the non-sinterable layer 5 between the sinterable layer 3 and the partially sinterable layer 4.

En outre, dans le cas où l'on peut tolérer une légère pollution du métal liquide par des particules inorganiques provenant du revêtement, on peut intervertir les couches 3 et 4, c'est-à-dire en plaçant la couche frittable 3 entre la couche non frittable 5 et la couche partiellement frittable 4.In addition, in the event that one can tolerate a slight pollution of the liquid metal by inorganic particles coming from the coating, layers 3 and 4 can be inverted, that is to say by placing the sinterable layer 3 between the non-sinterable layer 5 and the partially sinterable layer 4.

D'autre part, le procédé conforme à l'invention permet d'appliquer au droit de la zone des scories 6 surnageant le métal liquide, une surépaisseur 7 de la couche frittable 3. Cette surépaisseur 7 peut avoir la même composition que la couche 3 de façon à fritter en même temps que celle-ci. Cette surépaisseur 7 permet de renforcer la protection assurée par le revêtement conforme à l'invention, dans la zone la plus vulnérable du répartiteur de coulée, à savoir la zone des scories.On the other hand, the method according to the invention makes it possible to apply to the level of the slag 6 area supernatant the liquid metal, an additional thickness 7 of the sinterable layer 3. This additional thickness 7 may have the same composition as the layer 3 so as to sinter at the same time as this. This additional thickness 7 makes it possible to reinforce the protection provided by the coating according to the invention, in the most vulnerable zone of the flow distributor, namely the slag zone.

Cette surépaisseur 7 peut également présenter une composition différente de celle de la couche 3 de façon à assurer une protection accrue à l'égard des scories. La composition de la couche formant cette surépaisseur 7 peut ainsi renfermer des particules hautement réfractaires telles que zircon et/ou zircone et/ou carbone, et/ou carbure de silicium.This additional thickness 7 may also have a composition different from that of the layer 3 so as to provide increased protection against slag. The composition of the layer forming this additional thickness 7 can thus contain highly refractory particles such as zircon and / or zirconia and / or carbon, and / or silicon carbide.

L'épaisseur du revêtement peut, bien entendu, être également augmenté en d'autres endroits du répartiteur de coulée et en partie dans la zone d'impact du jet de coulée qui est déversé de la poche de coulée placée au-­dessus du répartiteur de coulée.The thickness of the coating can, of course, also be increased in other places in the tundish and in part in the impact zone of the casting jet which is poured from the tundish placed above the tundish. casting.

L'expérience montre qu'il est également possible d'appliquer les différentes couches à l'aide d'une truelle ou par moulage.Experience shows that it is also possible to apply the different layers using a trowel or by molding.

Claims (12)

1. Revêtement pour protéger l'intérieur d'un récipient métallurgique destiné à contenir un métal liquide, ce revêtement étant à base de particules inorganiques réfractaires, enrobées dans un liant, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins les deux couches suivantes :
- une couche (3) dont la composition et la granulométrie des particules inorganiques réfractaires sont telles que cette couche fritte dans toute sa masse, sous l'effet de la chaleur du métal liquide contenu dans le récipient métallurgique et,
- une couche (4 ou 5) dont la composition et la granulométrie des particules inorganiques réfractaires sont telles que cette couche ne fritte pas ou ne fritte que partiellement de manière à rester friable, même lorsque la première couche (3) est complètement frittée.
1. Coating to protect the interior of a metallurgical container intended to contain a liquid metal, this coating being based on refractory inorganic particles, coated in a binder, characterized in that it comprises at least the following two layers:
a layer (3) whose composition and particle size of the refractory inorganic particles are such that this sintered layer throughout its mass, under the effect of the heat of the liquid metal contained in the metallurgical container and,
- A layer (4 or 5) whose composition and particle size of the refractory inorganic particles are such that this layer does not sinter or only sinter partially so as to remain brittle, even when the first layer (3) is completely sintered.
2. Revêtement conforme à la revendication 1, destiné à un récipient métallurgique comportant un garnissage permanent (2) en matière réfractaire, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement comprend au moins les deux couches suivantes:
une couche (3) destinée à venir en contact direct avec le métal liquide et pouvant fritter dans toute sa masse au contact de ce métal liquide, cette couche recouvrant une couche (4 ou 5) en matière non frittable et devenant pulvérulente ou restant friable, même lorsque la couche (3) en contact avec le métal liquide, est frittée dans toute sa masse.
2. Coating according to claim 1, intended for a metallurgical container comprising a permanent lining (2) made of refractory material, characterized in that the coating comprises at least the following two layers:
a layer (3) intended to come into direct contact with the liquid metal and capable of sintering throughout its mass in contact with this liquid metal, this layer covering a layer (4 or 5) of non-sinterable material and becoming pulverulent or remaining brittle, even when the layer (3) in contact with the liquid metal is sintered throughout.
3. Revêtement conforme à l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les trois couches suivantes :
- une couche (3) destinée à venir en contact direct avec le métal liquide et pouvant fritter dans toute sa masse au contact de ce métal liquide, cette couche recouvrant
- une couche (4) ne frittant que partiellement et restant friable, même lorsque la couche précédente est frittée dans toute sa masse, et
- une couche (5) en contact direct avec le garnissage réfractaire, non frittable et devenant pulvérulente sous l'action de la chaleur.
3. Coating according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the following three layers:
a layer (3) intended to come into direct contact with the liquid metal and which can sinter throughout its mass in contact with this liquid metal, this layer overlapping
a layer (4) sintering only partially and remaining brittle, even when the previous layer is sintered throughout, and
- A layer (5) in direct contact with the refractory lining, non-sinterable and becoming pulverulent under the action of heat.
4. Revêtement conforme à l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les trois couches suivantes :
- une couche destinée à venir en contact direct avec le métal liquide et pouvant fritter dans toute sa masse au contact de ce métal liquide, cette couche recouvrant,
- une couche non frittable et devenant pulvérulente sous l'action de la chaleur, et
- une couche en contact direct avec le garnissage réfractaire, ne frittant que partiellement et restant friable, même lorsque la couche frittable est frittée dans toute sa masse.
4. Coating according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the following three layers:
a layer intended to come into direct contact with the liquid metal and which can sinter throughout its mass in contact with this liquid metal, this layer covering,
- a non-sinterable layer which becomes pulverulent under the action of heat, and
- A layer in direct contact with the refractory lining, only partially sintering and remaining brittle, even when the sinterable layer is sintered throughout.
5. Revêtement conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les couches frittable (3) ou partiellement frittable (4) présentent la composition pondérale suivante :
Figure imgb0002
5. Coating according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sinterable (3) or partially sinterable (4) layers have the following weight composition:
Figure imgb0002
6. Revêtement conforme à l'une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la couche (3) frittable, destinée à venir en contact avec le métal liquide, renferme de 70 à 99,7% en poids de particules inorganiques réfractaires dont la granulométrie est comprise de préférence entre 0 et 4 mm.6. Coating according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the sinterable layer (3), intended to come into contact with the liquid metal, contains from 70 to 99.7% by weight of refractory inorganic particles including the particle size is preferably between 0 and 4 mm. 7. Revêtement conforme à l'une des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la couche (4) partiellement frittable, mais restant friable, renferme de 75 à 95% en poids de particules inorganiques réfractaires dont la granulométrie est comprise de préférence entre 0,25 et 2,5 mm.7. Coating according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the layer (4) partially sinterable, but remaining friable, contains from 75 to 95% by weight of refractory inorganic particles whose particle size is preferably between 0.25 and 2.5 mm. 8. Revêtement conforme à l'une des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la couche (5) non frittable et devenant pulvérulente, renferme de 65 à 96% en poids de particules inorganiques réfractaires dont la granulométrie est comprise entre 0 et 5 mm.8. Coating according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the non-sinterable layer (5) becoming powdery, contains from 65 to 96% by weight of refractory inorganic particles whose particle size is between 0 and 5 mm. 9. Revêtement conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend, au droit de la zone des scories (6) surnageant le métal liquide, une surépaisseur (7) de la couche devant fritter complètement au contact du métal liquide.9. Coating according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises, in line with the zone of slag (6) supernatant the liquid metal, an excess thickness (7) of the layer having to sinter completely in contact liquid metal. 10. Revêtement conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au droit de la zone des scories (6) surnageant le métal liquide, une surépaisseur (7) formée par une couche appliquée contre la couche (3) devant fritter complètement au contact du métal liquide, cette couche en surépaisseur renfermant des particules inorganiques résistant à l'attaque des scories.10. Coating according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises, in line with the slag area (6) supernatant the liquid metal, an additional thickness (7) formed by a layer applied against the layer ( 3) having to sinter completely in contact with the molten metal, this layer in excess thickness containing inorganic particles resistant to the attack of slag. 11. Procédé pour réaliser un revêtement conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les différentes couches (5, 4, 3) sont appliquées successivement sous forme de boues comprenant les ingrédients solides de la couche à former, mélangés à un liquide tel que l'eau, à raison de 3 à 30% en poids de liquide, la densité de ces boues variant entre 0,8 et 3,5 kg/dm3, après quoi les différentes couches (5, 4, 3) sont séchées à une température comprise entre 100 et 200°C pour éliminer l'eau libre.11. Method for producing a coating according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the different layers (5, 4, 3) are applied successively in the form of sludge comprising the solid ingredients of the layer to be formed, mixed has a liquid such as water, at a rate of 3 to 30% by weight of liquid, the density of this sludge varying between 0.8 and 3.5 kg / dm3, after which the different layers (5, 4, 3) are dried at a temperature between 100 and 200 ° C to remove free water. 12. Procédé conforme à la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les différentes couches (5, 4, 3) sont préchauffées à une température comprise entre 600 et 1 450°C pour éliminer l'eau de constitution et/ou de cristallisation.12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the different layers (5, 4, 3) are preheated to a temperature between 600 and 1450 ° C to remove the water of constitution and / or of crystallization.
EP86401649A 1985-07-24 1986-07-23 Protective lining for the interior of a metallurgical vessel, and process for making the lining Expired - Lifetime EP0214882B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86401649T ATE40804T1 (en) 1985-07-24 1986-07-23 REFRACTORY LINING OF A METALLURGICAL VESSEL AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE.
MYPI87002284A MY101458A (en) 1985-07-24 1987-09-29 A lining for protecting the interior of a metallurgical vessel and a method for forming said lining

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8511327A FR2585273B1 (en) 1985-07-24 1985-07-24 COATING FOR PROTECTING THE INTERIOR OF A METALLURGICAL CONTAINER AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
FR8511327 1985-07-24

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0214882A1 true EP0214882A1 (en) 1987-03-18
EP0214882B1 EP0214882B1 (en) 1989-02-15
EP0214882B2 EP0214882B2 (en) 1997-09-24

Family

ID=9321609

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86401649A Expired - Lifetime EP0214882B2 (en) 1985-07-24 1986-07-23 Protective lining for the interior of a metallurgical vessel, and process for making the lining

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4799652A (en)
EP (1) EP0214882B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE40804T1 (en)
AU (1) AU586519B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1266776A (en)
DE (1) DE3662086D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2001336A6 (en)
FR (1) FR2585273B1 (en)
MY (1) MY101458A (en)
ZA (1) ZA865500B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995025610A1 (en) * 1994-03-23 1995-09-28 Daussan Et Compagnie Method and device for spraying an aqueous slurry onto a wall to form a coating, and resulting coating
CN102062540A (en) * 2010-06-18 2011-05-18 四川龙蟒矿冶有限责任公司 Composite-structured electric furnace lining

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2606785A1 (en) * 1986-11-13 1988-05-20 Daussan & Co PATEUX JOINT FOR REALIZING SEALING BETWEEN SURFACES SUBJECTED TO HEAT AND TO BE JOINTOYEES, PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF SAID JOINT
FR2625924B1 (en) * 1988-01-20 1990-05-11 Daussan & Co DEVICE FOR PROJECTING A COATING ON THE INTERIOR SURFACE OF A LIQUID METAL TRANSFERRING CONTAINER AND METHOD THEREOF
FR2646367B1 (en) * 1989-04-26 1994-04-01 Daussan Cie METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR REALIZING A COATING ON THE INTERIOR WALLS OF A METALLURGICAL CONTAINER
EP0399786A3 (en) * 1989-05-25 1992-05-27 Alcan International Limited Refractory linings capable of resisting sodium and sodium salts
FR2657549B1 (en) * 1990-01-26 1992-04-24 Daussan & Co PROCESS FOR APPLYING A PROTECTIVE COATING COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO LAYERS ON THE INNER FACES OF A METALLURGICAL CONTAINER AND PROTECTIVE COATING THUS OBTAINED.
LU87757A1 (en) * 1990-06-27 1992-01-15 Daussan Et Compagnie Societe E PROCESS FOR APPLYING A PROTECTIVE COATING COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO LAYERS ON THE INTERNAL FACES OF A METALLURGICAL CONTAINER
DE4240287C1 (en) * 1992-12-01 1994-02-17 Veitsch Radex Ag Device and method for applying a refractory insulating compound to the wall of a metallurgical vessel
DE4319393C1 (en) * 1993-06-11 1994-06-01 Chemikalien Ges Hans Lungmus M Prodn. of refractory crucibles for steel ladles - involves moulding of a crucible with a high clay content outer layer and extensively sintered inner layer (adjacent to ladle), processing of 10-50 charges, then moulding of a second, replaceable crucible
US5507474A (en) * 1994-01-13 1996-04-16 Minerals Technologies, Inc. Lining for molten metal handling vessles
FR2732915B1 (en) * 1995-04-14 1997-06-13 Daussan & Co PROCESS FOR APPLYING A PROTECTIVE COATING WITH AT LEAST TWO LAYERS INSIDE A METALLURGICAL CONTAINER
US5885510A (en) * 1997-02-07 1999-03-23 Alcoa Chemie Gmbh Methods of making refractory bodies
US6165926A (en) * 1998-06-24 2000-12-26 Alcoa Chemie Gmbh Castable refractory composition and methods of making refractory bodies
DE10052352B4 (en) * 2000-10-21 2005-04-14 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Use of a reducing agent in MgO sintered masses
US8167995B2 (en) * 2008-06-12 2012-05-01 Latitude 18, Inc. Inorganic phosphate resins and method for their manufacture
EP2510134B1 (en) * 2009-12-11 2018-09-19 Latitude 18, Inc. Inorganic phosphate corrosion resistant coatings
KR20120113224A (en) 2009-12-11 2012-10-12 래티두드 18, 아이엔씨. Inorganic phosphate compositions and methods
US20130139930A1 (en) 2009-12-18 2013-06-06 Latitude 18, Inc. Inorganic phosphate corrosion resistant coatings
US8967147B2 (en) * 2009-12-30 2015-03-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Filtering face-piece respirator having an auxetic mesh in the mask body
AU2011215966B2 (en) 2010-02-09 2016-02-18 Latitude 18, Inc. Phosphate bonded composites and methods
WO2015043452A1 (en) * 2013-09-29 2015-04-02 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 Method for improving use efficiency of smelting ladle, and smelting ladle of long service life and low material consumption
JP7218300B2 (en) * 2017-04-17 2023-02-06 ベスビウス ユーエスエー コーポレイション Porous refractory material, its use and manufacture
CN111960812A (en) * 2020-08-30 2020-11-20 洛阳欧斯特节能科技有限公司 High-temperature unshaped nano refractory heat-insulating material and preparation method thereof

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345059A (en) * 1965-03-12 1967-10-03 United States Steel Corp Crucible for holding molten metal
FR2042857A5 (en) * 1969-04-05 1971-02-12 Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag Layer crucibles for induction furnaces
FR2393637A1 (en) * 1977-06-07 1979-01-05 Daussan & Co Tundish for continuous casting - using consumable inner lining of refractory with an exothermic mixt.
EP0064863A1 (en) * 1981-05-08 1982-11-17 Quigley Company Inc. Monolithic refractory layer for metallurgical vessels and method of application

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1381171A (en) * 1918-01-03 1921-06-14 William A Darrah Crucible and method of manufacture
GB1469513A (en) * 1973-07-30 1977-04-06 Foseco Trading Ag Tundishes
GB1544637A (en) * 1975-11-10 1979-04-25 Foseco Trading Ag Lining of molten metal containers
JPS53106636A (en) * 1977-03-02 1978-09-16 Nippon Kokan Kk Casting vessel having basic lining and use thereof
FR2451789A1 (en) * 1979-03-22 1980-10-17 Daussan & Co THERMALLY INSULATING COATING FOR METALLURGICAL CONTAINERS AND METHOD THEREOF
US4480820A (en) * 1981-03-31 1984-11-06 Institut Problem Litia Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi Ssr Method of lining metallurgical assembly
FR2516415A1 (en) * 1981-11-13 1983-05-20 Daussan & Co DEVICE FOR REMOVING THE INCLUSIONS CONTAINED IN LIQUID METALS
US4422625A (en) * 1982-02-23 1983-12-27 Fmc Corporation Foundry pouring ladle protective liner
CH686374A5 (en) * 1993-10-13 1996-03-15 Alusuisse Lonza Services Ag Emaillierbare oxide.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345059A (en) * 1965-03-12 1967-10-03 United States Steel Corp Crucible for holding molten metal
FR2042857A5 (en) * 1969-04-05 1971-02-12 Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag Layer crucibles for induction furnaces
FR2393637A1 (en) * 1977-06-07 1979-01-05 Daussan & Co Tundish for continuous casting - using consumable inner lining of refractory with an exothermic mixt.
EP0064863A1 (en) * 1981-05-08 1982-11-17 Quigley Company Inc. Monolithic refractory layer for metallurgical vessels and method of application

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995025610A1 (en) * 1994-03-23 1995-09-28 Daussan Et Compagnie Method and device for spraying an aqueous slurry onto a wall to form a coating, and resulting coating
FR2717720A1 (en) * 1994-03-23 1995-09-29 Daussan & Co Coating for protecting the interior of a metallurgical container, device and method for applying this coating.
CN102062540A (en) * 2010-06-18 2011-05-18 四川龙蟒矿冶有限责任公司 Composite-structured electric furnace lining
CN102062540B (en) * 2010-06-18 2013-07-03 四川龙蟒矿冶有限责任公司 Composite-structured electric furnace lining

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3662086D1 (en) 1989-03-23
EP0214882B2 (en) 1997-09-24
ZA865500B (en) 1987-03-25
CA1266776A (en) 1990-03-20
FR2585273B1 (en) 1988-05-13
US4799652A (en) 1989-01-24
AU6565286A (en) 1988-05-26
ATE40804T1 (en) 1989-03-15
ES2001336A6 (en) 1988-05-16
EP0214882B1 (en) 1989-02-15
AU586519B2 (en) 1989-07-13
MY101458A (en) 1991-11-18
FR2585273A1 (en) 1987-01-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0214882B1 (en) Protective lining for the interior of a metallurgical vessel, and process for making the lining
EP0846506B1 (en) Protective coating for elements of continuous casting moulds and said elements being made out of refractory material and coated with such protective coating
US3917110A (en) Stopper rod having fibrous protective sleeve
EP0086923A1 (en) Shape for, method of and composition for moulding by injecting a refractory consumable lining in a ladle designated for storing molten metal
CA2056857A1 (en) Process for manufacturing refractory materials and use of same in casting of corrosive alloys
BE820783A (en) PROCESS FOR APPLYING REFRACTORY PADDING IN METALLURGIC CONTAINERS
FR2572724A1 (en) REFRACTORY WEAR PIECE FOR DRAINING LIQUID MASS MASSES
EP0422192B1 (en) Process for coating a metallurgical container with a purifying layer and composition relating thereto, and protective coating thus obtained
EP2013381B1 (en) Electrolysis pot for obtaining aluminium
WO1992000157A1 (en) Method for coating the inside of a metallurgical container with a protective coating having at least two layers, and protective coating thereby obtained
FR2486427A1 (en) CONTINUOUS CASTING BASKET OF STEEL AND COATING PLATE OF SUCH BASKET
FR2537024A1 (en) REFRACTORY THERMO-INSULATING PLATES AND METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS STEEL CASTING
FR2683220A1 (en) METHOD FOR COATING A CONTINUOUS CASTING DISTRIBUTOR BY REFRACTORY MATERIAL, SPLITTER AND REFRACTORY MATERIAL RESULTING FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SAID METHOD
LU84121A1 (en) BASIC REFRACTORY CEMENT MATERIAL, REFRACTORY PARTS OBTAINED BY ITS CAST, AND THEIR MANUFACTURING METHOD
BE851026A (en) PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF CONTINUOUS METAL CASTING BUSETS AND BUSETTE OBTAINED BY MEANS OF THIS PROCEDURE
KR900009216B1 (en) Lining for protecting the interior of a metallurgical vessel and a method for forming said lining
JPS607696B2 (en) Refractories for molten steel
BE886826R (en) IMPROVEMENT IN FUSING MATERIAL EQUIPMENT AND THEIR MANUFACTURING METHOD
EP0034379A1 (en) Process for protecting the metal in metallurgical vessels, and material for carrying out this process
BE835396Q (en) IMPROVEMENTS PROVIDED TO DISTRIBUTORS FILLED WITH REFRACTORY
FR3094249A1 (en) Cattail buffer
LU84609A1 (en) PROCESS FOR DEPOSITING A PROTECTIVE COATING ON THE INTERIOR WALL OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING DISTRIBUTOR BASKET
BE891980A (en) PROCESS FOR DEPOSITING A PROTECTIVE COATING ON THE INTERIOR WALL OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING DISTRIBUTOR BASKET
BE878364A (en) TUBULAR LANCE FOR THE REFINING AND REFINING PROCESS OF MELTED METALS
BE887073A (en) IMPROVED METHOD FOR PROTECTING METAL IN METALLURGICAL CONTAINERS, AND MATERIAL FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19860726

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19880210

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 40804

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19890315

Kind code of ref document: T

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO ROMA S.P.A.

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3662086

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19890323

PLBI Opposition filed

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260

26 Opposition filed

Opponent name: VEITSCHER MAGNESITWERKE-ACTIEN-GESELLSCHAFT

Effective date: 19891114

Opponent name: HOEGANAES AB

Effective date: 19891111

NLR1 Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo

Opponent name: VEITSCHER MAGNESITWERKE-ACTIEN-GESELLSCHAFT

Opponent name: HOEGANAES AB

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PLAB Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO

PLAB Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO

R26 Opposition filed (corrected)

Opponent name: HOEGANAES AB * 891114 VEITSCHER MAGNESITWERKE-ACTI

Effective date: 19891111

R26 Opposition filed (corrected)

Opponent name: HOEGANAES AB * 891114 VEITSCHER MAGNESITWERKE-ACTI

Effective date: 19891111

PLAB Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO

R26 Opposition filed (corrected)

Opponent name: HOEGANAES AB * 891114 VEITSCH-RADEX AKTIENGESELLSC

Effective date: 19891111

EPTA Lu: last paid annual fee
NLXE Nl: other communications concerning ep-patents (part 3 heading xe)

Free format text: PAT.BUL.24/90 CORR.:VEITSCH-RADEX AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT FUER FEUERFESTE ERZEUGNISSE

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 86401649.8

APAC Appeal dossier modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS NOAPO

APAC Appeal dossier modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS NOAPO

APAC Appeal dossier modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS NOAPO

PLAW Interlocutory decision in opposition

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IDOP

PUAH Patent maintained in amended form

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009272

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: PATENT MAINTAINED AS AMENDED

27A Patent maintained in amended form

Effective date: 19970924

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO ROMA S.P.A.

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: IPTO S.A.

GBTA Gb: translation of amended ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(b)/1977)
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: AEN

Free format text: MAINTIEN DU BREVET DONT L'ETENDUE A ETE MODIFIEE

NLR2 Nl: decision of opposition
NLR3 Nl: receipt of modified translations in the netherlands language after an opposition procedure
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 711B

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 711H

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CL

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20010704

Year of fee payment: 16

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020731

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020731

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20030113

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20030130

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20030131

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 20030131

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20030131

Year of fee payment: 17

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030723

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030723

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030724

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040203

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed
GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20030723

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20040201

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20050713

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20050727

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20050728

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20050728

Year of fee payment: 20

APAH Appeal reference modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO

BE20 Be: patent expired

Owner name: *DAUSSAN ET CIE

Effective date: 20060723