EP0214650B1 - Building block - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0214650B1
EP0214650B1 EP86112496A EP86112496A EP0214650B1 EP 0214650 B1 EP0214650 B1 EP 0214650B1 EP 86112496 A EP86112496 A EP 86112496A EP 86112496 A EP86112496 A EP 86112496A EP 0214650 B1 EP0214650 B1 EP 0214650B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building block
base member
webs
block according
stone
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Expired
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EP86112496A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0214650A2 (en
EP0214650A3 (en
Inventor
Fritz N. Musil
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT86112496T priority Critical patent/ATE48300T1/en
Publication of EP0214650A2 publication Critical patent/EP0214650A2/en
Publication of EP0214650A3 publication Critical patent/EP0214650A3/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a brick according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such bricks are known from DE-A 3 215 860.
  • the invention has for its object to propose a brick that is characterized by a particularly high thermal insulation value.
  • two or more layers of insulation material can be used.
  • the webs connecting the two shells or the inner shell to the base body are offset from one another in such a way that no or only slight thermal bridges can form over these webs.
  • the offset is preferably at the height of the webs. But it can also be done in the length of the webs and / or in their height.
  • the base body and preferably also both webs are provided with corresponding air chambers, as is known per se.
  • Fired pore clay or clay without pores, which extends to clay as a visible stone, will be used as the material for the brick.
  • the principle can also be used for expanded concrete, lightweight concrete, sand-lime brick and all other suitable materials, especially those with good workability and high insulation value and strength.
  • the surface of the brick can be provided with grooves as a plaster base or smooth as a visible stone work. If grooves are used as the plaster base, it is preferred if plaster grooves are provided which are perpendicular to the outer and inner surfaces of the stone and are equally spaced from one another. These act like a tape measure. For example, they are 2.5 cm apart. They are then designed as separating notches.
  • the mortar chambers can also be omitted if the base body is provided with mutually fitting projections or formations in the manner of a tongue and groove connection.
  • insulation material can also be used for the insulation material, ranging from foam to organic material, e.g. Cork, cork shot, coke fiber, wood wool to inorganic materials, e.g. Glass wool, rock wool. Synthetic fibers are also possible, injection molded, cast or inserted, as well as mixtures of all suitable materials.
  • organic material e.g. Cork, cork shot, coke fiber, wood wool to inorganic materials, e.g. Glass wool, rock wool.
  • Synthetic fibers are also possible, injection molded, cast or inserted, as well as mixtures of all suitable materials.
  • a normal stone will be used, if necessary a corner stone, window stones, wall cobblestones, parapet stones, masonry stones and optionally special shaped stones as desired.
  • high-quality masonry can therefore be created with just a few types of stone, in particular high-quality in terms of strength, sound insulation, thermal insulation, breathing, fire and durability.
  • the stones essentially correspond to conventional stones and can therefore be walled up without special training.
  • the outer shell takes on this function.
  • the stone according to the invention can also be combined with commercially available stones.
  • the basic body which is usually on the inside, results in a load-bearing, sound and duct wall. It serves as a storage wall with its air chambers. It can be created in visible and plaster versions.
  • the insulation layers mentioned are present in the outer wall part. As they exist, they can be fully pulled through on parapets or masonry, and also at a window or door stop.
  • the outer shell serves as a curtain wall with air chambers. It forms a rear-ventilated, solid weather seal.
  • All shaped stones can also be used in mirror image. Therefore, only a few types are required. They can be made directly on site.
  • the dimensions are common. They can be combined with commercially available stones, preferably with the same materials. It is a one-handed stone, the weight of which is 12 kg. It can be bricked up quickly like conventional masonry with a trowel or mortar sled and router. There are two mortar tapes, possibly a mortar pocket, and the usual reinforcements can also be provided. Because the air chambers are preferably honeycomb-shaped, a large number of air chambers can be used per volume or cross-sectional area.
  • the joints are tightly and elastically closed.
  • the mortar tapes are separated and also the inside ren and outer form stone layers are separated. This results in a very good insulation value of around 0.3 watts per square meter and degree Kelvin.
  • the insulation is jumping over the stone.
  • the connecting bridges only extend over about two thirds of the stone height. They are staggered in height, possibly also in length, which in particular contributes to low heat transfer.
  • the insulation layers can therefore be used in one piece. Versatile insulation is possible, the stone can be divided into solid partial stones, preferably every 5 cm, due to the continuous openings in a row. Every intermediate dimension can be cut to length. This results in the necessary freedom of planning and also takes into account all deviations in dimensions. A residual stone can also be recycled.
  • any reveal depth can be created for window and door hinges with full insulation connection. It is essential that at least two continuous insulation layers are arranged between the webs and are arranged in an elastically sealing manner without butt joints under contact pressure.
  • the insulation layers protrude from the base body or brick, and when these stones are placed on top of or on top of each other, the insulation layers are pressed on. So there are no cold bridges.
  • the air chambers are arranged in a honeycomb arrangement offset from one another. This allows the stone to be divided so that it can be cut to length, e.g. every 5 cm solid stones are created.
  • the basic variant of a brick according to the invention shown here consists of a base body 1, on the one long side (outer side) of which first webs 2 are formed.
  • a first shell 3 is formed on this, parallel to the longitudinal extent of the base body 1. This is the inner shell.
  • second webs 4 are formed parallel to the first webs 2 and on the outside in turn a second shell, also parallel to the first shell and to the base body.
  • FIG. 8 shows that the first webs and the second webs each extend over approximately two thirds of the height of the base body, namely offset in height from one another. This means that the first webs terminate at the bottom and reach a certain height, while the second webs terminate conversely at the top and reach a certain height.
  • Mats made of suitable insulation material are used, in the exemplary embodiment shown over the first webs 2 from above and over the second webs 4 from below, because there the top and bottom sides are free, namely because the webs do not extend so far there.
  • Figure 1 also shows that the base body is provided with a series of honeycomb-shaped air chambers 6. The same applies to the two shells 3, 5.
  • openings 7 of approximately rectangular cross section with a much smaller area than the air chamber 6 are provided, which pass through the layers 1, 3, 5 and which are each in a row.
  • the stone can easily be divided into partial stones along the rows thus formed. Examples of application of this are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • both outer surfaces of the brick are provided with plaster grooves 8 which are perpendicular and are equally spaced from one another. Their distance is, for example, 2.5 cm.
  • the normal stone has indentations 9 on the end faces of its base body 1. These are used to form a mortar chamber for connecting the stones to one another.
  • the parapet stone according to FIG. 2 basically corresponds to the normal stone according to FIG. 1. Only the base body is flatter.
  • the facing brick according to FIG. 3 in turn arises from the parapet according to FIG. 1, leaving out the middle layer 3.
  • Figure 4 shows an example of a special corner stone.
  • FIG. 8 also shows mortar strips 10 located between the stone layers like a ceiling 11 and a balcony slab 12 with continuous reinforcements. Between the ceiling and the balcony slab, a masonry brick according to Figure 3 has been used. A parapet according to Figure 2 above.
  • Figures 5 to 7 show examples of use. This also shows, for example, the use of partial stones and corner stones.
  • FIG. 9 shows a parapet stone corresponding to FIG. 2, in which the first shell 3 has differently shaped and larger air chambers. According to the definition, position 3 in FIG. 9 can also be regarded as a base body, on which shells 1.5 are formed on both sides via webs 2.4.
  • the normal stone shown in FIG. 10 has formations 13 on its left end, both on the base body 1 and on the webs 2, 4.
  • the height of the formations on the webs 2, 4 is therefore preferably the same as that of these webs.
  • the formations 13 correspond to receptacles 14 on the other face of the stone.
  • FIG. 11 shows a matching parapet stone and FIG. 12 shows a corner facing stone of this type.
  • a very good thermal insulation is achieved in that the insulating layer 18 arranged between the webs 2, 4, i.e. these insulation plates protrude beyond the outline of the base body 1, so that when these stones are placed against one another, these plates are pressed together, are elastic and represent a very good thermal insulation there sealing.
  • the air chambers 6 are arranged offset from one another or are honeycomb-shaped, openings 6 being present which form separation points when the stones are broken apart at these points.
  • These separation points are openings 7 are arranged so that the base body is divisible, e.g. a solid stone can be created every 5 cm.
  • Additional cleaning grooves 8 are simultaneously formed as notches 17, so that even more precise divisibility is now possible by breaking out, e.g. every 5 cm or every 2.5 cm.
  • FIG. 6 shows window stop stones 15 because there are separation points 16 in order to reach any reveal depth. Again, the principle of easy divisibility by notches and / or openings is present.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

1. A building block comprising a base member provided with air cavities, wherein first webs (2) are formed integrally with at least one side of the base member (1), which extend over only a part of the height of the base member (1) and have formed integrally therewith a first skin (3) parallel to the base member (1) and wherein the space between the skins (3, 5) and/or between the base member (1) and the skin (3, 5) is filled with insulating material, characterised in that second webs (4) are formed integrally with the first skin (3) and/or with the other side of the base member (1), and have formed integrally therewith a second skin (5) also parallel to the base member, which webs also extend over only a part of the height of the base member (1) and indeed are vertically offset with respect to the first webs (2).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Mauerstein gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a brick according to the preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Mauersteine sind aus der DE-A 3 215 860 bekannt. Es sind auch schon Mauersteine bekannt, die mit einer gesonderten Isolation aus geeignetem Isolationsmaterial, beispielsweise Steinwolle, zur Erhöhung ihres Wärmedämmwertes versehen sind.Such bricks are known from DE-A 3 215 860. There are also known bricks that are provided with a separate insulation made of suitable insulation material, for example rock wool, to increase their thermal insulation value.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Mauerstein vorzuschlagen, der sich durch einen besonders hohen Wärmedämmwert auszeichnet.The invention has for its object to propose a brick that is characterized by a particularly high thermal insulation value.

Ferner ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, den Mauerstein so auszubilden, daß er eine hohe Tragkraft aufweist, geringes Gewicht besitzt, sowie einfach und schnell verarbeitbar ist.It is also an object of the invention to design the brick so that it has a high load-bearing capacity, is light in weight and can be processed easily and quickly.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Im übrigen können auch weitere Schalen und Stege vorhanden sein.This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. In addition, other shells and webs can also be present.

Durch die beanspruchten Maßnahmen können zwei oder mehr Lagen von Isolationsmaterial verwendet werden. Für den erreichten hohen Wärmedämmwert fällt es insbesondere ins Gewicht, daß die die beiden Schalen bzw. die innere Schale mit dem Grundkörper verbindenden Stege so zueinander versetzt sind, daß sich keine oder nur geringfügige Wärmebrücken über diese Stege ausbilden können. Der Versatz erfolgt hierbei vorzugsweise in der Höhe der Stege. Er kann aber auch in der Länge der Stege und/oder in ihrer Höhe erfolgen. Der Grundkörper und vorzugsweise auch beide Stege sind mit entsprechenden Luftkammern versehen, wie an sich bekannt. Weil die Stege zur Erzielung des erwähnten Versatzes sich nur über einen Teil der Höhe des Grundkörpers erstrecken, nämlich etwa über zwei Drittel dieser Höhe, können durchgehende Platten aus dem Isoliermaterial verwendet werden, die dann gegebenenfalls von der Oberkante oder Unterkante einreichende Einschnitte haben, in die sich dann die Stege legen. Je nach dem Material kann man evtl. auch ohne diese Einschnitte auskommen.As a result of the measures claimed, two or more layers of insulation material can be used. For the high thermal insulation value achieved, it is particularly important that the webs connecting the two shells or the inner shell to the base body are offset from one another in such a way that no or only slight thermal bridges can form over these webs. The offset is preferably at the height of the webs. But it can also be done in the length of the webs and / or in their height. The base body and preferably also both webs are provided with corresponding air chambers, as is known per se. Because the webs to achieve the above-mentioned offset only extend over a part of the height of the base body, namely about two thirds of this height, continuous plates made of the insulating material can be used, which may then have incisions reaching from the top or bottom edge into the then lay the bridges. Depending on the material, you may be able to do without these cuts.

Als Material für den Mauerstein wird man gebrannten Porenton oder auch Ton ohne Poren, reichend bis zum Material Ton als Sichtstein, verwenden. Das Prinzip ist auch anwendbar für Blähtonbeton, Leichtbeton, Kalksandstein und alle sonstigen geeigneten Materialien, insbesondere solche mit guter Bearbeitbarkeit und hohem Dämmwert und Festigkeit.Fired pore clay or clay without pores, which extends to clay as a visible stone, will be used as the material for the brick. The principle can also be used for expanded concrete, lightweight concrete, sand-lime brick and all other suitable materials, especially those with good workability and high insulation value and strength.

Die Oberfläche des Mauersteins kann mit Rillen als Putzträger versehen sein oder auch glatt als Sichtsteinwerk. Wenn man Rillen als Putzträger verwendet, so wird es bevorzugt, wenn an den Außen- und Innenflächen des Steins lotrecht durchgehende und voneinander gleichweit beabstandete Putzrillen vorgesehen sind. Diese wirken nach Art eines Maßbandes. Sie haben beispielsweise Abstände von 2,5 cm voneinander. Sie sind dann als Trennkerben ausgeführt.The surface of the brick can be provided with grooves as a plaster base or smooth as a visible stone work. If grooves are used as the plaster base, it is preferred if plaster grooves are provided which are perpendicular to the outer and inner surfaces of the stone and are equally spaced from one another. These act like a tape measure. For example, they are 2.5 cm apart. They are then designed as separating notches.

Für die Fugen kann man herkömmlichen Isolationsmörtel oder auch verlängerten Mörtel, Zementmörtel, Spezialmörtel usw. verwenden. Gegebenenfalls können auch die Mörtelkammern entfallen, wenn man nämlich die Grundkörper mit ineinander passenden Vorsprüngen bzw. Ausformungen nach Art einer Nut-Feder-Verbindung versieht.You can use conventional insulation mortar or extended mortar, cement mortar, special mortar etc. for the joints. If necessary, the mortar chambers can also be omitted if the base body is provided with mutually fitting projections or formations in the manner of a tongue and groove connection.

Für das Isolationsmaterial kann man ebenfalls alle geeigneten Materialien verwenden, reichend vom Schaumstoff bis zu organischem Material, z.B. Kork, Korkschrot, Koksfaser, Holzwolle bis zu anorganischen Materialien, z.B. Glaswolle, Steinwolle. Auch sind Kunstfasern möglich, gespritzt, gegossen oder eingeschoben sowie auch Mischungen aller geeigneter Materialien.All suitable materials can also be used for the insulation material, ranging from foam to organic material, e.g. Cork, cork shot, coke fiber, wood wool to inorganic materials, e.g. Glass wool, rock wool. Synthetic fibers are also possible, injection molded, cast or inserted, as well as mixtures of all suitable materials.

Als Typen für den erfindungsgemässen Mauerstein wird man einen Normalstein verwenden, gegebenenfalls einen Eckstein, Fenstersteine, Mauerkopfsteine, Brüstungssteine, Vormauerungssteine und gegebenenfalls Spezialformsteine nach Wunsch.As types for the brick according to the invention, a normal stone will be used, if necessary a corner stone, window stones, wall cobblestones, parapet stones, masonry stones and optionally special shaped stones as desired.

Durch die Erfindung können also mit wenigen Steintypen hochwertige Mauerwerke erstellt werden, insbesondere hochwertig bezüglich der Festigkeit, Schallisolation, Wärmeisolation, Atmung, Feuer und Dauerhaftigkeit. Die Steine entsprechen im wesentlichen herkömmlichen Steinen und können daher ohne spezielle Schulung vermauert werden. Es sind optimale Detaillösungen und Anschlüsse bei Fenster, Türen-, Rolläden-, Brüstungs-, und Deckenanschlüssen vorhanden. Es ergeben sich Vorteile eines Verbundmauerwerks mit sogenannter vorgehängter Fassade. Diese Funktion übernimmt nämlich die äußere Schale. Der erfindungsgemässe Stein ist auch mit handelsüblichen Steinen kombinierbar.With the invention, high-quality masonry can therefore be created with just a few types of stone, in particular high-quality in terms of strength, sound insulation, thermal insulation, breathing, fire and durability. The stones essentially correspond to conventional stones and can therefore be walled up without special training. There are optimal detail solutions and connections for windows, doors, shutters, parapet and ceiling connections. There are advantages of a composite masonry with a so-called curtain wall. The outer shell takes on this function. The stone according to the invention can also be combined with commercially available stones.

Der üblicherweise innen liegende Grundkörper ergibt gemauert eine Trag-, Schall- und Leitungswand. Er dient als Speicherwand mit seinen Luftkammern. Er ist in Sicht- und Putzausführung erstellbar. Zusätzlich sind die erwähnten Isolationsschichten im äußeren Wandteil vorhanden. Sie können so, wie sie bestehen, voll bei Brüstungen oder Vormauerungen und auch bei einem Fenster- oder Türanschlag durchgezogen werden. Die äußere Schale dient, wie erwähnt, als vorgehängte Fassade mit Luftkammern. Sie bildet einen hinterlüfteten, festen Witterungsabschluß.The basic body, which is usually on the inside, results in a load-bearing, sound and duct wall. It serves as a storage wall with its air chambers. It can be created in visible and plaster versions. In addition, the insulation layers mentioned are present in the outer wall part. As they exist, they can be fully pulled through on parapets or masonry, and also at a window or door stop. As mentioned, the outer shell serves as a curtain wall with air chambers. It forms a rear-ventilated, solid weather seal.

Alle Formsteine sind auch spiegelbildlich verwendbar. Daher sind nur wenig Typen erforderlich. Sie können direkt auf dem Bau hergestellt werden.All shaped stones can also be used in mirror image. Therefore, only a few types are required. They can be made directly on site.

Die Maße sind gängig. Sie sind mit handelsüblichen Steinen beliebig kombinierbar, vorzugsweise mit den gleichen Materialien. Es-handelt sich um einen Einhandstein, dessen Gewicht bei 12 kg liegt. Er ist schnell zu vermauern wie herkömmliches Mauerwerk mit Kelle oder Mörtelschlitten und Fräse. Es sind zwei Mörtelbänder, evtl. eine Mörteltasche möglich und auch die üblichen Armierungen können vorgesehen werden. Weil die Luftkammern vorzugsweise wabenförmig sind, können viel Luftkammern pro Volumen bzw. Querschnittsfläche eingesetzt werden.The dimensions are common. They can be combined with commercially available stones, preferably with the same materials. It is a one-handed stone, the weight of which is 12 kg. It can be bricked up quickly like conventional masonry with a trowel or mortar sled and router. There are two mortar tapes, possibly a mortar pocket, and the usual reinforcements can also be provided. Because the air chambers are preferably honeycomb-shaped, a large number of air chambers can be used per volume or cross-sectional area.

Das beschriebene Prinzip kann auch dahingehend ergänzt werden, daß ggf. eine oder mehrere weitere Schalen angeformt werden.The principle described can also be supplemented to the extent that one or more further shells may be formed on.

Die Stöße sind dicht und elastisch geschlossen. Die Mörtelbänder sind getrennt und auch die inneren und äußeren Formsteinschichten sind getrennt. Es ergibt sich daher ein sehr guter Isolationswert von etwa 0,3 Watt pro qm und Grad Kelvin. Die Isolation ist über den Stein springend. Die Verbindungsstege erstrecken sich nur über etwa zwei Drittel der Steinhöhe. Die sind in der Höhe, ggf. auch in der Länge, zueinander versetzt, was insbesondere zur geringen Wärmeübertragung beiträgt. Die Isolationsschichten können daher in einem Stück eingesetzt werden. Es sind vielseitige Isolationen möglich, der Stein ist, bedingt durch die in einer Reihe liegenden und durchgehenden Öffnungen, in feste Teilsteine teilbar, vorzugsweise alle 5 cm. Jedes Zwischenmaß ist auf cm-Länge ablängbar. Dies ergibt die notwendige Planungsfreiheit und nimmt auch alle Baumaßabweichungen auf. Ein Reststein kann auch verwertet werden.The joints are tightly and elastically closed. The mortar tapes are separated and also the inside ren and outer form stone layers are separated. This results in a very good insulation value of around 0.3 watts per square meter and degree Kelvin. The insulation is jumping over the stone. The connecting bridges only extend over about two thirds of the stone height. They are staggered in height, possibly also in length, which in particular contributes to low heat transfer. The insulation layers can therefore be used in one piece. Versatile insulation is possible, the stone can be divided into solid partial stones, preferably every 5 cm, due to the continuous openings in a row. Every intermediate dimension can be cut to length. This results in the necessary freedom of planning and also takes into account all deviations in dimensions. A residual stone can also be recycled.

Für Fenster- und Türanschlag ist jede Laibungstiefe erstellbar bei vollem lsolationsanschluß. Wesentlich ist, daß mindestens zwei durchgehende lsolationsschichten zwischen den Stegen angeordnet, ohne Stoßfugen unter Anpreßdruck dichtend elastisch angeordnet sind.Any reveal depth can be created for window and door hinges with full insulation connection. It is essential that at least two continuous insulation layers are arranged between the webs and are arranged in an elastically sealing manner without butt joints under contact pressure.

Bei dieser Ausführung überragen die Isolationsschichten den Grundkörper bzw. Mauerstein, und wenn diese Steine aneinandergesetzt oder übereinandergesetzt werden, erfolgt ein Anpreßdruck dieser Isolationsschichten. Es sind also keine Kältebrücken vorhanden.In this embodiment, the insulation layers protrude from the base body or brick, and when these stones are placed on top of or on top of each other, the insulation layers are pressed on. So there are no cold bridges.

Für die Teilbarkeit des Steines ist es noch wesentlich, daß die Luftkammern zueinander versetzt wabenförmig angeordnet sind. Dadurch lässt sich der Stein so teilen, daß er genau abgelängt werden kann, daß z.B. alle 5 cm feste Teilsteine entstehen.For the divisibility of the stone, it is still essential that the air chambers are arranged in a honeycomb arrangement offset from one another. This allows the stone to be divided so that it can be cut to length, e.g. every 5 cm solid stones are created.

Wesentlich ist noch, daß ein Eck-Fenster-Anschlagstein vorhanden ist, der Trennstellen z.B. alle 2,5 cm aufweist, die ausbrechbar sind. Durch diese Maßnahme wird erreicht, daß diese Isolation immer an Türen und/oder Fenstern anschließt. Man kann also jede beliebige Laibungstiefe mit vollem Isolationsanschluß herstellen.It is also important that there is a corner window stop stone that separates e.g. every 2.5 cm that can be broken out. This measure ensures that this insulation always connects to doors and / or windows. So you can create any reveal depth with a full insulation connection.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert, aus denen sich weitere wichtige Merkmale ergeben. Es zeigt:

  • Figur 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine erste Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemässen Mauersteins in der Ausführung als Normalstein;
  • Figur 2 eine Draufsicht auf eine Abänderung dieses Normalsteins als Brüstungsstein;
  • Figur 3 eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Abänderung dieses Normalsteins als Vormauerungsstein;
  • Figur 4 eine weitere Abänderung als Spezialstein (Eckstein-Fenster-Anschlagstein);
  • Figur 5 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer mit diesen Steinen gemauerten Steinschicht;
  • Figur 6 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer ähnlichen Steinschicht nach Figur 5;
  • Figur 7 eine Äquariante, ebenfalls hergestellt mit diesen Steintypen;
  • Figur 8 einen Vertikalschnitt durch mehrere der Steinschichten;
  • Figur 9 einen Brüstungsstein in einer Abänderung gegenüber Figur 2;
  • Figur 10 einen weiteren Normalstein, der mit Hilfe einer Nut-Feder-Verbindung, dh. ohne die sonst übliche Mörtelkammer, vermauert wird;
  • Figur 11 den Stein nach Figur 10 als Brüstungsstein;
  • Figur 12 den Stein nach Figur 10 als Eck-Vormauerungsstein.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments, from which further important features result. It shows:
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of a first embodiment of a brick according to the invention in the form of a normal stone;
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a modification of this normal stone as a parapet stone;
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of a further modification of this normal stone as a facing stone;
  • Figure 4 shows another modification as a special stone (corner stone window stop stone);
  • Figure 5 shows a first embodiment of a stone layer bricked with these stones;
  • Figure 6 shows a second embodiment of a similar stone layer according to Figure 5;
  • FIG. 7 shows an equivalent variant, also produced with these types of stone;
  • FIG. 8 shows a vertical section through several of the stone layers;
  • Figure 9 shows a parapet stone in a modification to Figure 2;
  • Figure 10 shows another normal stone, that is, with the help of a tongue and groove connection. without the usual mortar chamber, is bricked up;
  • FIG. 11 the stone according to FIG. 10 as a parapet stone;
  • Figure 12 shows the stone of Figure 10 as a corner facing stone.

Zunächst sei das Prinzip anhand der Figur 1 und 8 näher erläutert. Die hier gezeigte Grundvariante eines erfindungsgemässen Mauersteins besteht aus einem Grundkörper 1, an dessen eine Längsseite (Außenseite) erste Stege 2 angeformt sind. An diese wiederum ist eine erste Schale 3, parallel zur Längserstreckung des Grundkörpers 1, angeformt. Dies ist die Innenschale. An die andere Seite der ersten Schale 3 sind wiederum zweite Stege 4 parallel zu den ersten Stegen 2 angeformt und an deren Außenseite wiederum eine zweite Schale, ebenfalls parallel zur ersten Schale und zum Grundkörper.The principle will first be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 8. The basic variant of a brick according to the invention shown here consists of a base body 1, on the one long side (outer side) of which first webs 2 are formed. A first shell 3, in turn, is formed on this, parallel to the longitudinal extent of the base body 1. This is the inner shell. On the other side of the first shell 3, in turn, second webs 4 are formed parallel to the first webs 2 and on the outside in turn a second shell, also parallel to the first shell and to the base body.

Insbesondere Figur 8 lässt erkennen, daß die ersten Stege und die zweiten Stege sich jeweils über etwa zwei Drittel der Höhe des Grundkörpers erstrecken, und zwar in der Höhe zueinander versetzt. Das heisst, daß die ersten Stege unten abschließen und bis zu einer gewissen Höhe reichen, während die zweiten Stege umgekehrt oben abschließen und bis zu einer gewissen Höhe reichen.In particular, FIG. 8 shows that the first webs and the second webs each extend over approximately two thirds of the height of the base body, namely offset in height from one another. This means that the first webs terminate at the bottom and reach a certain height, while the second webs terminate conversely at the top and reach a certain height.

In den Raum zwischen den Grundkörper 1 und die erste Schale 3 bzw. zwischen die erste Schale 3 und die zweite Schale 5 werden z.B. Matten aus geeignetem Isolationsmaterial eingesetzt, und zwar beim gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel über die ersten Stege 2 von oben und über die zweiten Stege 4 von unten, weil dort die Oberseiten bzw. Unterseiten jeweils frei sind, weil nämlich die Stege dort nicht so weit reichen.In the space between the base body 1 and the first shell 3 or between the first shell 3 and the second shell 5, e.g. Mats made of suitable insulation material are used, in the exemplary embodiment shown over the first webs 2 from above and over the second webs 4 from below, because there the top and bottom sides are free, namely because the webs do not extend so far there.

Figur 1 zeigt außerdem, daß der Grundkörper mit einer Reihe von wabenförmigen Luftkammern 6 versehen ist. Dasselbe gilt für die beiden Schalen 3,5.Figure 1 also shows that the base body is provided with a series of honeycomb-shaped air chambers 6. The same applies to the two shells 3, 5.

Außerdem sind durchgehende Öffnungen 7 von etwa rechteckigem Querschnitt mit einer viel kleineren Fläche als die Luftkammer 6 vorgesehen, die durch die Schichten 1,3,5 durchgehen und die jeweils in einer Reihe liegen. Längs der dadurch gebildeten Reihen kann der Stein leicht in Teilsteine unterteilt werden. Anwendungsbeispiele hierfür zeigen die Figuren 5 und 6.In addition, through openings 7 of approximately rectangular cross section with a much smaller area than the air chamber 6 are provided, which pass through the layers 1, 3, 5 and which are each in a row. The stone can easily be divided into partial stones along the rows thus formed. Examples of application of this are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

Schließlich ist aus Figur 1 noch ersichtlich, daß beide Außenflächen des Mauersteins mit lotrecht durchgehenden und voneinander gleichweit beabstandeten Putzrillen 8 versehen sind. Ihr Abstand beträgt beispielsweise 2,5 cm.Finally, it can also be seen from FIG. 1 that both outer surfaces of the brick are provided with plaster grooves 8 which are perpendicular and are equally spaced from one another. Their distance is, for example, 2.5 cm.

Nach Figur 1 hat der Normalstein an den Stirnseiten seines Grundkörpers 1 Einformungen 9. Diese dienen zur Ausbildung einer Mörtelkammer zur Verbindung der Steine miteinander.According to FIG. 1, the normal stone has indentations 9 on the end faces of its base body 1. These are used to form a mortar chamber for connecting the stones to one another.

Der Brüstungsstein nach Figur 2 entspricht grundsätzlich dem Normalstein nach Figur 1. Nur ist der Grundkörper flacher ausgebildet.The parapet stone according to FIG. 2 basically corresponds to the normal stone according to FIG. 1. Only the base body is flatter.

Der Vormauerungsstein nach Figur 3 entsteht gedanklich wiederum aus dem Brüstungsstein nach Figur 1 unter Fortlassung der mittleren Schicht 3.The facing brick according to FIG. 3 in turn arises from the parapet according to FIG. 1, leaving out the middle layer 3.

Figur 4 zeigt als Beispiel einen Spezial-Eckstein.Figure 4 shows an example of a special corner stone.

Figur 8 lässt außerdem zwischen den Steinschichten befindliche Mörtelbänder 10 erkennen sowie eine Decke 11 und eine Balkonplatte 12 mit durchgehenden Armierungen. Zwischen der Decke und der Balkonplatte ist ein Vormauerungsstein nach Figur 3 verwendet worden. Darüber ein Brüstungsstein nach Figur 2.FIG. 8 also shows mortar strips 10 located between the stone layers like a ceiling 11 and a balcony slab 12 with continuous reinforcements. Between the ceiling and the balcony slab, a masonry brick according to Figure 3 has been used. A parapet according to Figure 2 above.

Die Figuren 5 bis 7 zeigen Einsatzbeispiele. Daraus geht beispielsweise auch die Verwendung von Teilsteinen und Ecksteinen hervor.Figures 5 to 7 show examples of use. This also shows, for example, the use of partial stones and corner stones.

Figur 9 zeigt einen Brüstungsstein entsprechend Figur 2, bei dem die erste Schale 3 anders geformte und größere Luftkammern hat. Definitionsgemäss kann man aber auch Position 3 in Figur 9 als Grundkörper auffassen, an den dann beidseits Schalen 1,5 über Stege 2,4 angeformt sind.FIG. 9 shows a parapet stone corresponding to FIG. 2, in which the first shell 3 has differently shaped and larger air chambers. According to the definition, position 3 in FIG. 9 can also be regarded as a base body, on which shells 1.5 are formed on both sides via webs 2.4.

Der in Figur 10 gezeigte Normalstein hat an seiner linken Stirnseite Ausformungen 13, und zwar sowohl am Grundkörper 1 wie auch an den Stegen 2,4. Die Höhe der Ausformungen an den Stegen 2,4 ist daher vorzugsweise so wie die dieser Stege. Die Ausformungen 13 entsprechen Aufnahmen 14 an der anderen Stirnseite des Steins. Diese Steine können daher nach Art einer Nut-Feder-Verbindung und ohne die sonst üblichen Mötelkammern aneinander gesetzt und miteinander verbunden werden.The normal stone shown in FIG. 10 has formations 13 on its left end, both on the base body 1 and on the webs 2, 4. The height of the formations on the webs 2, 4 is therefore preferably the same as that of these webs. The formations 13 correspond to receptacles 14 on the other face of the stone. These stones can therefore be put together and connected to one another in the manner of a tongue and groove connection and without the otherwise usual mötel chambers.

Figur 11 zeigt einen hierzu passenden Brüstungsstein und Figur 12 einen Eck-Vormauerungsstein dieses Typs.FIG. 11 shows a matching parapet stone and FIG. 12 shows a corner facing stone of this type.

Eine sehr gute Wärmeisolation wird dadurch erreicht, daß die zwischen den Stegen 2,4 angeordnete Isolationsschicht 18, d.h. diese Isolationsplatten den Umriß des Grundkörpers 1 überragt, so daß bei Aneinandersetzen dieser Steine diese Platten zusammengepresst werden, elastisch sind und dort dichtend eine sehr gute Wärmeisolierung darstellen.A very good thermal insulation is achieved in that the insulating layer 18 arranged between the webs 2, 4, i.e. these insulation plates protrude beyond the outline of the base body 1, so that when these stones are placed against one another, these plates are pressed together, are elastic and represent a very good thermal insulation there sealing.

Besonders aus Figur 1 ist erkennbar, daß die Luftkammern 6 zueinander versetzt angeordnet sind, bzw. wabenförmig sind, wobei Öffnungen 6 vorhanden sind, die Trennstellen bilden, wenn man die Steine an diesen Stellen auseinanderbricht. Diese Trennstellen sind also Öffnungen 7 sind so angeordnet, daß der Grundkörper teilungsfähig ist, z.B. alle 5 cm kann ein fester Teilstein entstehen. Zusätzliche Putzrillen 8 sind gleichzeitig als Kerben 17 ausgebildet, so daß jetzt durch Ausbrechen eine noch genauere Teilbarkeit möglich ist, z.B. alle 5 cm oder alle 2,5 cm.It can be seen particularly from FIG. 1 that the air chambers 6 are arranged offset from one another or are honeycomb-shaped, openings 6 being present which form separation points when the stones are broken apart at these points. These separation points are openings 7 are arranged so that the base body is divisible, e.g. a solid stone can be created every 5 cm. Additional cleaning grooves 8 are simultaneously formed as notches 17, so that even more precise divisibility is now possible by breaking out, e.g. every 5 cm or every 2.5 cm.

In der Figur 6 sind Fenster-Anschlagsteine 15 dargestellt, weil Trennstellen 16 vorhanden sind, um jede Laibungstiefe zu erreichen. Auch hier ist wieder das Prinzip der leichten Teilbarkeit durch Kerben und/oder Öffnungen vorhanden.FIG. 6 shows window stop stones 15 because there are separation points 16 in order to reach any reveal depth. Again, the principle of easy divisibility by notches and / or openings is present.

Claims (11)

1. A building block comprising a base member provided with air cavities, wherein first webs (2) are formed integrally with at least one side of the base member (1), which extend over only a part of the height of the base member (1) and have formed integrally therewith a first skin (3) parallel to the base member (1) and wherein the space between the skins (3, 5) and/or between the base member (1) and the skin (3, 5) is filled with insulating material, characterised in that second webs (4) are formed integrally with the first skin (3) and/or with the other side of the base member (1), and have formed integrally therewith a second skin (5) also parallel to the base member, which webs also extend over only a part of the height of the base member (1) and indeed are vertically offset with respect to the first webs (2).
2. A building block according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one of the skins (3, 5) is also provided with air cavities.
3. A building block according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that inter-engaging projections (13) or respectively recesses (14) are provided in the manner of a tongue-and-groove joint at the end faces of the base members (1).
4. A building block according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it is divisible into part blocks by means of continuous openings (7) extending in a row.
5. A building block according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that perpendicularly continuous plaster grooves (8), equally spaced from one another, are provided on its outer and inner surfaces.
6. A building block according to claim 1, characterised in that at least two continuous insulating layers are installed in sealingly elastic manner under contact pressure, being arranged between the webs (2, 4).
7. A building block according to claim 1, characterised in that the air cavities (6) are arranged offset relative to one another in honeycomb fashion.
8. A building block according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the air cavities (6) and webs (2, 4) are so arranged that the base element (1) may be cut to length to the nearest centimetre, so that for example solid part blocks occur every 5 cm.
9. A building block according to claim 1, characterised in that a corner window rebate block (15) is present, which has severing points (16) for example every 2.5 cm, which may be broken off the core (17).
10. A building block according to claim 1, characterised in that the base member (1) is made mirror- symmetrical.
11. A building block according to claim 1, characterised in that the building block has a variable sof- fit depth with full insulating connection.
EP86112496A 1985-09-12 1986-09-10 Building block Expired EP0214650B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86112496T ATE48300T1 (en) 1985-09-12 1986-09-10 BRICK.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3532590 1985-09-12
DE19853532590 DE3532590A1 (en) 1985-09-12 1985-09-12 WALLSTONE

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0214650A2 EP0214650A2 (en) 1987-03-18
EP0214650A3 EP0214650A3 (en) 1987-10-21
EP0214650B1 true EP0214650B1 (en) 1989-11-29

Family

ID=6280804

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86112496A Expired EP0214650B1 (en) 1985-09-12 1986-09-10 Building block

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EP (1) EP0214650B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE48300T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3532590A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9305328U1 (en) * 1993-04-07 1993-07-01 Schmidt, Harald M., 8873 Ichenhausen Brick
DE19944672C2 (en) * 1998-09-21 2003-05-15 Paul Kramer Thermal insulation brick
DE102006002825B4 (en) * 2005-07-21 2008-07-24 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll Gmbh & Co. Ohg Set of bricks
DE102010016877A1 (en) * 2010-05-11 2011-11-17 Michael Kellerer Brick with insulation filling
LV14899B (en) * 2013-02-05 2014-12-20 Latvijas Universitāte Building element with changeable properties of heat insulation as well as heat and moisture accumulation
PL233036B1 (en) * 2016-05-24 2019-08-30 Dolinski Szymon Masonry element with thermally insulating core
DE202020103243U1 (en) * 2020-06-05 2021-06-09 Ziegelwerk Otto Staudacher Gmbh & Co. Kg Masonry bricks

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE808379C (en) * 1949-07-08 1951-07-12 Boeger & Co Stahlbau K G Large format hollow block
SE352914B (en) * 1971-05-28 1973-01-15 S Fernaeus
AT309038B (en) * 1971-06-16 1973-07-25 Peter Maria Schmid Hollow block
DE2553123A1 (en) * 1974-11-29 1976-08-12 Moritz Jean Pierre Heat insulating prefabricated building blocks - with matching shaped areas on faces and insulating slab between two sections
DE2608612A1 (en) * 1976-03-02 1977-09-08 Erlus Baustoffwerke Channelled building block divisible into corner stones - has fracture points on channel and external face intersections for on site adaptation
AT348213B (en) * 1977-01-26 1979-02-12 Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag HOLLOW SHAPED STONE
DE2737012A1 (en) * 1977-08-17 1979-03-01 Schwagmeier Wilfried Hollow brick for building outside walls - has thin outer layer joined by webs to inner load-bearing layer
DE2739409C3 (en) * 1977-09-01 1984-10-25 Fa. Heinrich Oltmanns, 2905 Edewecht Hollow block
US4324080A (en) * 1979-12-17 1982-04-13 Mullins Wayne L Thermally insulative cementitious block modules and method of making same
US4380887A (en) * 1980-10-06 1983-04-26 Lee Kenneth S Insulated structural block
AT370814B (en) * 1981-02-10 1983-05-10 Wutte Friedrich MASONRY
DE3215860A1 (en) * 1982-04-29 1983-11-03 Siegfried 7971 Aichstetten Gebhart Corner building block and separating building block

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3532590A1 (en) 1987-03-19
DE3667191D1 (en) 1990-01-04
EP0214650A2 (en) 1987-03-18
EP0214650A3 (en) 1987-10-21
ATE48300T1 (en) 1989-12-15

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