EP0204935A1 - Method for controlling the charging of a shaft furnace - Google Patents

Method for controlling the charging of a shaft furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0204935A1
EP0204935A1 EP86105644A EP86105644A EP0204935A1 EP 0204935 A1 EP0204935 A1 EP 0204935A1 EP 86105644 A EP86105644 A EP 86105644A EP 86105644 A EP86105644 A EP 86105644A EP 0204935 A1 EP0204935 A1 EP 0204935A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
flow
flow rate
hopper
loading
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP86105644A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0204935B1 (en
Inventor
Gilbert Bernard
Emile Breden
Emile Lonardi
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Paul Wurth SA
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Paul Wurth SA
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Priority to AT86105644T priority Critical patent/ATE41679T1/en
Publication of EP0204935A1 publication Critical patent/EP0204935A1/en
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Publication of EP0204935B1 publication Critical patent/EP0204935B1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/18—Bell-and-hopper arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/18—Bell-and-hopper arrangements
    • C21B7/20—Bell-and-hopper arrangements with appliances for distributing the burden
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/20—Arrangements of devices for charging

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling the loading of a shaft furnace, comprising a rotary or oscillating distribution chute for ensuring the distribution of the material on the loading surface of the furnace, one or more hoppers for storing the material. above the oven, each provided with a metering member for regulating the flow rate of the loading material flowing from the hopper towards the chute, a weighing system for determining the content of the hopper, method according to which it is determined , by calculation or experiment, the initial degree of opening of the valve so that the content of a hopper flows in a determined time, we memorize, for different types of material and different loading conditions, the theoretical curves of a constant flow determined as well as the corresponding position of the metering valve to ensure flow over the determined time, these curves providing at all times the set flow Q and the position of the valve, the actual flow rate Q is established at determined intervals by measuring the reduction in weight ⁇ P of the content of the hopper per unit of time ⁇ t and the actual flow rate Q r is compared with the
  • the reduction in weight reduces the thrust on the flow so that the flow falls below the set flow. Because of this slowing, one necessarily exceeds the time imposed by the loading of the contents of a hopper into the oven, which not only disturbs the loading program, but in addition, is the cause of non-symmetrical loading, c that is, the height of the deposited layer is irregular in the circular direction of the loading surface. Other factors, such as the humidity level or the grain size of the loading material, can influence the flow rate.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new method for operating the metering valve so as to ensure an almost uniform flow corresponding to the set flow.
  • the method proposed by the present invention is characterized in that the metering flap is opened each time the actual flow is less than the set flow and in that it is maintained in position when the actual flow is higher than the set flow.
  • the valve opening is advantageously carried out at an amplitude L1 S which corresponds to the difference between the position of the valve corresponding to the set flow Q and that corresponding to the flow real Q r.
  • the actuation speed of the valve is proportional to the difference ⁇ S, that is to say if this difference ⁇ S is large, the valve is moved relatively quickly, whereas if this difference ⁇ S is weak, the valve is moved slowly.
  • ⁇ S the difference between the two valves.
  • Figure 1 shows, in bold lines, the curve representing the actual weight P r , that is to say the measured weight while the curve in dashed lines represents the target weight P which should allow a uniform flow of the material loading in the imposed time T.
  • the gradient of these curves that is to say represents the flow rate which is constant for the curve P.
  • the horizontal evolution of the start of each of the curves P r and P represents shows the phase of opening the metering flap.
  • the reduction in weight of the hopper should be linear to ensure constant flow corresponding to the set flow Q c .
  • the evolution of the two curves shows, from a certain moment, the difference between the weight and the material which is actually in the hopper and that of the material which should still be there to respect the constant flow Q becomes larger and larger and the hopper will not be empty until well beyond the imposed time T.
  • FIG. 4 shows the head of an oven 10 in which there is a chute 12 driven by a drive device 14 to rotate it around the axis of the oven and adjust its angle of discharge.
  • a frame 16 carried by the oven 10 supports, via a series of load cells 20, a hopper 18. These load cells constantly provide information on the weight of the hopper 18 and, consequently, on its content.
  • the flow orifice of this hopper 18 is controlled by a metering valve 22 which can be composed of two registers with symmetrical movement around the axis of the oven.
  • This metering valve 22 is actuated by a hydraulic cylinder 24, while the actual position of the valve is constantly determined by a position detector 26.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 24 controlling the position of the metering valve 22 is actuated by a hydraulic valve 28 with proportional action which receives the oil under pressure from a hydraulic unit 30.
  • the control circuit also includes a computer 32 for carrying out the operations of calculation and memorizing all the necessary information. The information from this computer 32 is transmitted to a control unit 34 which controls the hydraulic valve 28 to regulate the oil flow rate, that is to say the operating speed of the hydraulic cylinder 24 and of the valve 22.
  • the oil flow rate is regulated by the valve 28 on command of the control unit 34 as a function of the quantity ⁇ S, that is to say that the valve 28 is moved faster when ⁇ S is large, and conversely, is moved more and more slowly as and as ⁇ S decreases. It is even preferable to stop the valve when 4S reaches a predetermined lower limit to be certain to avoid that the valve does not exceed its set position and possibly risk thus finding itself in the situation of FIG. 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)

Abstract

A process for controlling the charging of a shaft furnace of the type utilizing a distribution spout and one or more storage hoppers with each hopper being provided with a dosing device for regulating the flow of charging material from the hopper to the spout. The shaft furnace also includes a weighing system to determine the contents (weight) of the hopper and to adjust the position of the dosing device wherein the dosing valve is opened whenever the real flow Qr is below the reference flow Qc and is held in position when the real flow Qr is above the reference flow Qc.

Description

La présente invention concerne,un procédé de contrôle du chargement d'un four à cuve, comprenant une goulotte de distribution rotative ou oscillante pour assurer la distribution de la matière sur la surface de chargement du four, une ou plusieurs trémies de stockage de la matière au-dessus du four,pourvues chacune d'un organe de dosage pour régler le débit de la matière de chargement s'écoulant de la trémie vers la goulotte, un système de pesée pour déterminer le contenu de la trémie, procédé selon lequel on détermine, par calcul ou expérimentation, le degré d'ouverture initial du clapet pour que le contenu d'une trémie s'écoule en un temps déterminé, on mémorise, pour différents types de matière et différentes conditions de chargement, les courbes théoriques d'un débit constant déterminé ainsi que de la position correspondante du clapet de dosage pour assurer l'écoulement dans le temps déterminé, ces courbes fournissant à chaque instant le débit de consigne Q et la position du clapet, on établit à intervalles déterminés le débit réel Q en mesurant la diminution de poids ΔP du contenu de la trémie par unité de temps Δt et l'on compare le débit réel Qr au débit de consigne Qc.The present invention relates to a method of controlling the loading of a shaft furnace, comprising a rotary or oscillating distribution chute for ensuring the distribution of the material on the loading surface of the furnace, one or more hoppers for storing the material. above the oven, each provided with a metering member for regulating the flow rate of the loading material flowing from the hopper towards the chute, a weighing system for determining the content of the hopper, method according to which it is determined , by calculation or experiment, the initial degree of opening of the valve so that the content of a hopper flows in a determined time, we memorize, for different types of material and different loading conditions, the theoretical curves of a constant flow determined as well as the corresponding position of the metering valve to ensure flow over the determined time, these curves providing at all times the set flow Q and the position of the valve, the actual flow rate Q is established at determined intervals by measuring the reduction in weight ΔP of the content of the hopper per unit of time Δt and the actual flow rate Q r is compared with the reference flow rate Q c .

Lors du chargement d'un four à cuve à l'aide d'une goulotte de distribution, on s'arrange généralement de manière à déposer une couche, à symétrie diamétrale et uniformité circulaire sur la surface de chargement à l'aide du contenu d'une trémie de stockage. A cet effet, on dispose généralement d'un temps prédéterminé imposé par le rendement et la capacité du four, le mode de distribution et la coordination des opérations, telles que ouverture, fermeture des clapets, amenée de la matière de chargement etc. Connaissant donc ce temps disponible, il faut régler l'ouverture du clapet de dosage contrôlant l'écoulement hors de la trémie de manière que celle-ci se vide au moment où la goulotte termine sa phase de balayage à l'expiration du temps imposé.When loading a shaft furnace using a distribution chute, it is generally arranged so as to deposit a layer, with diametrical symmetry and circular uniformity, on the loading surface using the contents d 'a storage hopper. For this purpose, there is generally a predetermined time imposed by the efficiency and capacity of the oven, the distribution method and the coordination of operations, such as opening, closing of the valves, supply of the loading material, etc. Knowing therefore this available time, it is necessary to adjust the opening of the metering valve controlling the flow out of the hopper so that it empties at the moment when the chute ends its scanning phase at the expiration of the imposed time.

Le réglage du clapet est réalisé, à cet effet, de la manière indiquée ci-dessus et comme décrit également dans les brevets US 3,929,240 et 4,074,816. Théoriquement, un réglage effectué de cette manière devrait permettre le dépôt d'une couche telle que souhaitée par les sidérurgistes. En pratique, il n'en est malheureusement pas ainsi, car certains paramètres peuvent influencer le débit d'écoulement, indépendamment de la position du clapet. Ainsi, par exemple, lorsque l'on choisit la position d'ouverture du clapet à partir de données étalon mémorisées et suivant la nature du matériau à charger afin d'obtenir un débit bien déterminé, on constate qu'en début de la phase d'écoulement le poids de la colonne des matières se trouvant au-dessus de l'ouverture d'écoulement peut provoquer une augmentation du débit. Par contre, au fur et à mesure de la vidange de la trémie, la diminution du poids réduit la poussée sur l'écoulement de sorte que le débit tombe en-dessous du débit de consigne. A cause de ce ralentissement, on dépasse nécessairement le temps imposé par le chargement du contenu d'une trémie dans le four, ce qui non seulement perturbe le programme de chargement, mais en plus, est la cause d'un chargement non symétrique, c'est-à-dire que la hauteur de la couche déposée est irrégulière dans le sens circulaire de la surface de chargement. D'autres facteurs, comme par exemple le degré d'humidité ou la granulométrie du matériau de chargement, peuvent influencer le débit.The adjustment of the valve is carried out, for this purpose, in the manner indicated above and as also described in US patents 3,929,240 and 4,074,816. Theoretically, an adjustment made in this way should allow the deposition of a layer as desired by the steelmakers. In practice, this is unfortunately not the case, because certain parameters can influence the flow rate, regardless of the position of the valve. Thus, for example, when the opening position of the valve is chosen from stored standard data and according to the nature of the material to be loaded in order to obtain a well-determined flow rate, it can be seen that at the start of the phase d The weight of the column of materials above the flow opening can cause an increase in flow. On the other hand, as the hopper is emptied, the reduction in weight reduces the thrust on the flow so that the flow falls below the set flow. Because of this slowing, one necessarily exceeds the time imposed by the loading of the contents of a hopper into the oven, which not only disturbs the loading program, but in addition, is the cause of non-symmetrical loading, c that is, the height of the deposited layer is irregular in the circular direction of the loading surface. Other factors, such as the humidity level or the grain size of the loading material, can influence the flow rate.

Pour y remédier, on a essayé de corriger la position du clapet de dosage en fonction des fluctuations du débit, c'est-à-dire que l'on ferme légèrement le clapet lorsque le débit réel mesuré par la diminution du poids de la trémie est supérieur au débit de consigne et que l'on ouvre davantage le clapet lorsque le débit tombe au-dessous de la valeur de consigne. Toutefois, en réalité, la détermination du débit pour une position bien précise du clapet n'est possible qu'après que cette position ait été atteinte et, compte tenu du lapse de temps nécessaire à la détermination du débit, la position idéale ou de consigne du clapet lors des corrections de position est toujours atteinte, avant que l'on puisse le savoir. Autrement dit, quel que soit le sens de déplacement du clapet, c'est-à-dire ouverture ou fermeture, il est toujours déplacé trop loin et il est nécessaire d'effectuer des corrections successives et alternativement en sens opposé. Le résultat est que le débit réel oscille constamment autour de la valeur de consigne.To remedy this, an attempt was made to correct the position of the metering valve as a function of fluctuations in the flow rate, that is to say that the valve is closed slightly when the actual flow rate measured by the reduction in the weight of the hopper is greater than the setpoint flow and the valve is opened further when the flow falls below the setpoint. However, in reality, the determination of the flow rate for a very precise position of the valve is only possible after this position has been reached and, taking into account the lapse of time necessary for the determination of the flow rate, the ideal or target position. the valve during position corrections is always reached, before we can know. In other words, whatever the direction of movement of the valve, that is to say opening or closing, it is always moved too far and it is necessary to carry out successive corrections and alternately in the opposite direction. The result is that the actual flow fluctuates constantly around the setpoint.

Le seul résultat positif réalisable par ce procédé est que l'on arrive plus ou moins à respecter le temps imposé pour l'écoulement du contenu d'une trémie. Par contre, à cause des fluctuations du débit, le dépôt de la matière de chargement devient encore plus irrégulier que sans corrections. En plus, ce procédé entraîne un inconvénient supplémentaire, dans la mesure où les inversions du mouvement de déplacement du clapet entre ouverture et fermeture et vice-versa provoquent des coups entraînant de fausses impulsions dans le système de mesure du poids.The only positive result achievable by this process is that we more or less respect the time imposed for the flow of the contents of a hopper. On the other hand, because of the fluctuations in the flow rate, the deposition of the loading material becomes even more irregular than without corrections. In addition, this method involves an additional drawback, insofar as the reversals of the movement of movement of the valve between opening and closing and vice versa cause knocks causing false pulses in the weight measurement system.

Le but de la présente invention est de prévoir un nouveau procédé pour manoeuvrer le clapet de dosage de façon à assurer un débit quasi uniforme correspondant au débit de consigne.The object of the present invention is to provide a new method for operating the metering valve so as to ensure an almost uniform flow corresponding to the set flow.

Pour atteindre cet objectif, le procédé proposé par la présente invention est caractérisé en ce que le clapet de dosage est ouvert chaque fois que le débit réel est inférieur au débit de consigne et en ce qu'il est maintenu en position lorsque le débit réel est supérieur au débit de consigne.To achieve this objective, the method proposed by the present invention is characterized in that the metering flap is opened each time the actual flow is less than the set flow and in that it is maintained in position when the actual flow is higher than the set flow.

L'ouverture de clapet est avantageusement réalisée suivant une amplitude L1 S qui correspond à la différence entre la position du clapet correspondant au débit de consigne Q et celle correspondant au débit réel Q r. The valve opening is advantageously carried out at an amplitude L1 S which corresponds to the difference between the position of the valve corresponding to the set flow Q and that corresponding to the flow real Q r.

Selon un mode d'exécution avantageux, la vitesse d'actionnement du clapet est proportionnelle à la différence ΔS, c'est-à-dire si cette différence ΔS est grande, le clapet est déplacé relativement vite, alors que si cette différence ΔS est faible, le clapet est déplacé lentement. Comme mesure supplémentaire permettant d'assurer que le clapet ne dépasse pas la position visée, sa vitesse de déplacement devient nulle lorsque la différence ΔS atteint un minimum prédéterminé.According to an advantageous embodiment, the actuation speed of the valve is proportional to the difference ΔS, that is to say if this difference ΔS is large, the valve is moved relatively quickly, whereas if this difference ΔS is weak, the valve is moved slowly. As an additional measure to ensure that the valve does not exceed the target position, its speed of movement becomes zero when the difference ΔS reaches a predetermined minimum.

D'autres particularités et caractéristiques ressortiront de la description détaillée d'un mode d'exécution avantageux décrit ci-dessous, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 montre la courbe représentant la diminution du poids de la trémie sans correction de la position du clapet;
  • La figure 2 montre la courbe représentant la diminution du poids de la trémie avec correction de la position du clapet dans les deux sens;
  • La figure 3 montre la courbe représentant la diminution en poids de la trémie avec correction de la position du clapet dans un sens seulement selon la présente invention et
  • La figure 4 montre un schéma synoptique d'un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé selon la présente invention.
Other particularities and characteristics will emerge from the detailed description of an advantageous embodiment described below, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 shows the curve representing the decrease in the weight of the hopper without correction of the valve position;
  • FIG. 2 shows the curve representing the reduction in the weight of the hopper with correction of the position of the valve in both directions;
  • FIG. 3 shows the curve representing the reduction in weight of the hopper with correction of the valve position in one direction only according to the present invention and
  • Figure 4 shows a block diagram of a device for implementing this method according to the present invention.

La figure 1 montre, en traits gras, la courbe représentant le poids réel Pr, c'est-à-dire le poids mesuré tandis que la courbe en traits mixtes représente le poids de consigne P qui devrait permettre un écoulement uniforme de la matière de chargement dans le temps imposé T. Le gradient de ces courbes, c'est-à-dire

Figure imgb0001
représente le débit de l'écoulement qui est constant pour la courbe P .Figure 1 shows, in bold lines, the curve representing the actual weight P r , that is to say the measured weight while the curve in dashed lines represents the target weight P which should allow a uniform flow of the material loading in the imposed time T. The gradient of these curves, that is to say
Figure imgb0001
 represents the flow rate which is constant for the curve P.

Comme on peut le constater, l'évolution horizontale du début de chacune des courbes Pr et P re- présente la phase d'ouverture du clapet de dosage. Lorsque celui-ci a atteint sa position d'ouverture correspondant au débit de consigne Qc calculé d'après les données mémorisées et basées sur des calculs ou des expériences de chargement précédents, la diminution de poids de la trémie devrait être linéaire pour assurer un débit constant correspondant au débit de consigne Qc. Toutefois, comme le montre l'évolution des deux courbes, à partir d'un certain moment, la différence entre le poids et la matière qui se trouve réellement dans la trémie et celui de la matière qui devrait encore s'y trouver pour respecter le débit constant Q devient de plus en plus grande et la trémie ne sera vide que bien au-delà du temps imposé T.As can be seen, the horizontal evolution of the start of each of the curves P r and P represents shows the phase of opening the metering flap. When the latter has reached its open position corresponding to the nominal flow rate Q c calculated from the stored data and based on previous calculations or loading experiments, the reduction in weight of the hopper should be linear to ensure constant flow corresponding to the set flow Q c . However, as the evolution of the two curves shows, from a certain moment, the difference between the weight and the material which is actually in the hopper and that of the material which should still be there to respect the constant flow Q becomes larger and larger and the hopper will not be empty until well beyond the imposed time T.

Comme expliqué ci-dessus, des manoeuvres de correction de la position du clapet pour tenter de compenser l'écart entre les courbes P et P entraînent la situation de la figure 2 dans laquelle le débit réel oscille autour de la valeur de consigne car le clapet est toujours déplacé trop loin, quel que soit le sens de son déplacement.As explained above, maneuvers for correcting the position of the valve in an attempt to compensate for the difference between the curves P and P give rise to the situation in FIG. 2 in which the actual flow rate oscillates around the set value because the valve is always moved too far, regardless of the direction of its movement.

Par contre, en manoeuvrant conformément à la présente invention, c'est-à-dire en effectuant les corrections de la position du clapet seulement dans le sens de son ouverture, on arrive à linéariser la courbe Pr et la confondre avec la courbe Pc pour respecter le débit de consigne, comme le montre la figure 3.On the other hand, by maneuvering in accordance with the present invention, that is to say by making the corrections to the position of the valve only in the direction of its opening, one succeeds in linearizing the curve P r and confusing it with the curve P c to comply with the set flow rate, as shown in Figure 3.

Si en manoeuvrant conformément à la présente invention, l'ouverture du clapet était trop grande, c'est-à-dire que le débit mesuré était supérieur au débit de consigne, on ne bouge pas le clapet, car sur base des connaissances de la figure 1, on sait que le débit va nécessairement diminuer sans modifier la position du clapet.If when operating in accordance with the present invention, the opening of the valve was too large, that is to say that the measured flow rate was greater than the set flow rate, the valve is not moved, because based on knowledge of the Figure 1, we know that the flow will necessarily decrease without changing the position of the valve.

On va maintenant décrire en référence à la figure 4, un mode d'exécution avantageux pour la réalisation de ce procédé de correction de la position du clapet. Cette figure montre la tête d'un four 10 dans laquelle se trouve une goulotte 12 animée par un dispositif d'entraînement 14 pour la faire tourner autour de l'axe du four et ajuster son angle de déversement. Une charpente 16 portée par le four 10 supporte par l'intermédiaire d'une série de pesons 20 une trémie 18. Ces pesons fournissent constamment des indications sur le poids de la trémie 18 et, par conséquent, sur son contenu. L'orifice d'écoulement de cette trémie 18 est contrôlé par un clapet de dosage 22 qui peut être composé de deux registres à déplacement symétrique autour de l'axe du four. Ce clapet de dosage 22 est actionné par un cylindre hydraulique 24, tandis que la position réelle du clapet est constamment déterminée par un détecteur de positions 26.We will now describe with reference to Figure 4, an advantageous embodiment for carrying out this method of correcting the position of the valve. This figure shows the head of an oven 10 in which there is a chute 12 driven by a drive device 14 to rotate it around the axis of the oven and adjust its angle of discharge. A frame 16 carried by the oven 10 supports, via a series of load cells 20, a hopper 18. These load cells constantly provide information on the weight of the hopper 18 and, consequently, on its content. The flow orifice of this hopper 18 is controlled by a metering valve 22 which can be composed of two registers with symmetrical movement around the axis of the oven. This metering valve 22 is actuated by a hydraulic cylinder 24, while the actual position of the valve is constantly determined by a position detector 26.

Sur la figure, on n'a représenté qu'une seule trémie de chargement centrale 18. Il est toutefois évident que l'invention s'applique également à d'autres installations comprenant deux ou plusieurs trémies de chargement.In the figure, only one central loading hopper 18 has been shown. It is however obvious that the invention also applies to other installations comprising two or more loading hoppers.

Le cylindre hydraulique 24 commandant la position du clapet de dosage 22 est actionné par une vanne hydraulique 28 à action proportionnelle qui reçoit l'huile sous pression d'une centrale hydraulique 30. Le circuit de commande comporte également un ordinateur 32 pour effectuer les opérations de calcul et mémoriser toutes les informations nécessaires. Les informations de cet ordinateur 32 sont transmises vers une unité de contrôle 34 qui commande la vanne hydraulique 28 pour régler le débit de l'huile, c'est-à-dire la vitesse de manoeuvre du cylindre hydraulique 24 et du clapet 22.The hydraulic cylinder 24 controlling the position of the metering valve 22 is actuated by a hydraulic valve 28 with proportional action which receives the oil under pressure from a hydraulic unit 30. The control circuit also includes a computer 32 for carrying out the operations of calculation and memorizing all the necessary information. The information from this computer 32 is transmitted to a control unit 34 which controls the hydraulic valve 28 to regulate the oil flow rate, that is to say the operating speed of the hydraulic cylinder 24 and of the valve 22.

L'ordinateur 32 reçoit en permanence les informations Pr et Sr représentant respectivement le poids réel du contenu de la trémie 18 et la position réelle du clapet de dosage 22. Il reçoit, par ailleurs, des informations de consigne par le programme de chargement, notamment le temps T qu'on s'impose pour l'écoulement du contenu de la trémie 18 en fonction du programme de chargement et/ou de la distribution de la matière. Dans l'ordinateur 32 sont mémorisées les informations nécessaires à la commande, tels que différents paramètres relatifs à la nature de la matière de chargement, la position du clapet pour assurer un débit déterminé d'un matériau déterminé etc. Ces informations mémorisées résultent principalement de mises à jour successives basées sur les connaissances obtenues par des chargements précédents. C'est sur base de ces informations que l'ordinateur calcule et donne des informations de consigne à l'unité de contrôle 34 pour la manoeuvre du clapet 22. Ainsi, par exemple, sachant le temps T imposé pour l'écoulement du contenu de la trémie 18 et connaissant le poids de celui-ci et les paramètres relatifs à la nature du matériau, notamment sa granulométrie et éventuellement d'autres paramètres influençant la vitesse d'écoulement, l'ordinateur détermine le débit de consigne Q et à partir de celui-ci la position d'ouverture initiale du clapet 22. L'unité de contrôle 34 commande, sur base des informations de consigne reçues de l'ordinateur 32, la vanne hydraulique 28 qui actionne le cylindre 24 jusqu'à ce que la vanne 22 occupe la position d'ouverture de consigne. Cette manoeuvre est contrôlée par le détecteur 26 qui fournit les informations concernant la position instantanée du clapet à l'unité de contrôle qui arrête le mouvement d'ouverture du clapet 22 lorsque la différence ΔS entre la position réelle S et la position de consigne Sc est approximativement égale à zéro. A partir de ce moment, c'est-à-dire lorsque le clapet 22 occupe sa position d'ouverture de consigne, l'ordinateur détermine à intervalles prédéterminés, par exemple toutes les trois à quatre secondes, l'évolution de la diminution du poids de la trémie 18. Trois cas différents peuvent dès lors se présenter :

  • 1) - Si le débit réel Q , c'est-à-dire la diminution de poids P par unité de temps est égale au débit de consigne Qc ou est différent de celui-ci d'une quantité négligeable dont la valeur a été fixée arbitrairement au préalable, le clapet 22 est maintenu dans sa position d'ouverture initiale.
  • 2) - Si le débit réel Qr est supérieur au débit de consigne Qc, c'est-à-dire que la position Sr du clapet est trop grande et que ΔS = Sc - Sr est négatif, aucune correction de la position du clapet n'est effectuée sachant d'après les renseignements de la figure 1 que le débit Qr va diminuer automatiquement sans modification de la position du clapet 22 pour se rapprocher du débit de consigne Qc. Il est néanmoins possible de prévoir comme mesure de prévoyance, par exemple en cas de faute de programmation, que si ΔS dépasse exceptionnellement une limite supérieure, que le clapet soit automatiquement fermé d'une grandeur correspondant à cette limite prédéterminée.
  • 3) - Si le débit réel Qr devient inférieur au débit de consigne Qc, cela signifie que la position de consigne Sc précédente du clapet 22 était en fait trop petite et l'on procède dès lors à une correction de la position du clapet. A cet effet, l'ordinateur calcule les positions du clapet correspondant respectivement au débit de consigne Qc et au débit réel Qr et détermine la différence ΔS entre ces deux positions. L'unité de contrôle 34 commande dès lors à travers la vanne hydraulique 28 l'ouverture du clapet 22 d'une valeur égale à ΔS. Cette correction est répétée chaque fois qu'il devient nécessaire, c'est-à-dire chaque fois que le débit réel s'écarte du débit de consigne d'une valeur prédéterminée. Ces positions de consigne successivement corrigées du clapet 22 sont mémorisées dans l'ordinateur 32, de sorte que le chargement ultérieur effectué dans des conditions comparables ne nécessitent plus de corrections ou des corrections de moins en moins fréquentes.
The computer 32 permanently receives the information P r and S r respectively representing the actual weight of the content of the hopper 18 and the actual position of the metering valve 22. It also receives setpoint information by the loading program , in particular the time T that is essential for the flow of the content of the hopper 18 according to the loading program and / or the distribution of the material. In the computer 32 are stored the information necessary for the control, such as various parameters relating to the nature of the loading material, the position of the valve to ensure a determined flow rate of a determined material etc. This stored information mainly results from successive updates based on the knowledge obtained by previous loadings. It is on the basis of this information that the computer calculates and gives setpoint information to the control unit 34 for the operation of the valve 22. Thus, for example, knowing the time T imposed for the flow of the contents of the hopper 18 and knowing the weight thereof and the parameters relating to the nature of the material, in particular its particle size and possibly other parameters influencing the flow speed, the computer determines the reference flow rate Q and from the latter the initial opening position of the valve 22. The control unit 34 controls, on the basis of setpoint information received from the computer 32, the hydraulic valve 28 which actuates the cylinder 24 until the valve 22 occupies the setpoint opening position. This maneuver is controlled by the detector 26 which provides the information concerning the instantaneous position of the valve to the control unit which stops the opening movement of the valve 22 when the difference ΔS between the actual position S and the reference position S c is approximately zero. From this moment, that is to say when the valve 22 occupies its set point opening position, the computer determines at predetermined intervals, for example every three to four seconds, the evolution of the decrease in weight of the hopper 18. Three different cases can therefore arise:
  • 1) - If the actual flow rate Q, i.e. the reduction in weight P per unit of time is equal to reference flow rate Q c or is different from this by a negligible quantity, the value of which has been fixed arbitrarily beforehand, the valve 22 is maintained in its initial opening position.
  • 2) - If the actual flow Q r is greater than the set flow Q c , that is to say that the position S r of the valve is too large and that ΔS = S c - S r is negative, no correction of the valve position is not carried out knowing from the information in FIG. 1 that the flow rate Q r will decrease automatically without modifying the position of the valve 22 so as to approach the set flow rate Q c . It is nevertheless possible to provide as a provident measure, for example in the event of a programming fault, that if ΔS exceptionally exceeds an upper limit, that the valve is automatically closed by a quantity corresponding to this predetermined limit.
  • 3) - If the actual flow rate Q r becomes lower than the setpoint flow rate Q c , this means that the previous setpoint position S c of the valve 22 was in fact too small and a correction is therefore made to the position of the valve. To this end, the computer calculates the positions of the valve corresponding respectively to the set flow Q c and to the real flow Q r and determines the difference ΔS between these two positions. The control unit 34 therefore controls through the hydraulic valve 28 the opening of the valve 22 with a value equal to ΔS. This correction is repeated each time it becomes necessary, that is to say each time the actual flow deviates from the set flow by a predetermined value. These successively corrected reference positions of the valve 22 are stored in the computer 32, so that the subsequent loading carried out under comparable conditions no longer requires corrections or less and less frequent corrections.

Suivant un mode de mise en oeuvre avantageux de l'invention, le débit d'huile est réglé par la vanne 28 sur ordre de l'unité de contrôle 34 en fonction de la grandeur ΔS, c'est-à-dire que le clapet 28 est déplacé plus vite lorsque ΔS est grand, et inversement, est déplacé de plus en plus lentement au fur et à mesure que ΔS diminue. Il est même préférable d'arrêter le clapet lorsque 4S atteint une limite inférieure prédéterminée pour être certain d'éviter que le clapet ne dépasse sa position de consigne et risquer éventuellement ainsi de se retrouver dans la situation de la figure 2.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the oil flow rate is regulated by the valve 28 on command of the control unit 34 as a function of the quantity ΔS, that is to say that the valve 28 is moved faster when ΔS is large, and conversely, is moved more and more slowly as and as ΔS decreases. It is even preferable to stop the valve when 4S reaches a predetermined lower limit to be certain to avoid that the valve does not exceed its set position and possibly risk thus finding itself in the situation of FIG. 2.

Il reste finalement à souligner que le hardware décrit en référence à la figure 4 pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé n'a été montré qu'à titre d'illustration et qu'il est possible de remplacer certains éléments par d'autres ayant les mêmes fonctions. Par exemple, le circuit de commande hydraulique du clapet de réglage pourrait être remplacé par un circuit pneumatique ou un réseau électrique, la vanne à action proportionnelle 28 étant remplacée respectivement par une servo-vanne ou un circuit à thyristor.It finally remains to emphasize that the hardware described with reference to FIG. 4 for the implementation of the method has only been shown by way of illustration and that it is possible to replace certain elements with others having the same functions. For example, the hydraulic control circuit of the regulating valve could be replaced by a pneumatic circuit or an electrical network, the proportional action valve 28 being replaced respectively by a servo valve or a thyristor circuit.

Claims (5)

1. - Procédé de contrôle du chargement d'un four à cuve, comprenant une goulotte de distribution rotative ou oscillante pour assurer la distribution de la matière sur la surface de chargement du four, une ou plusieurs trémies de stockage de la matière au-dessus du four pourvues chacune d'un organe de dosage pour régler le débit de la matière de chargement s'écoulant de la trémie vers la goulotte, un système de pesée pour déterminer le contenu de la trémie, procédé selon lequel on détermine, par calcul ou expérimentation, le degré d'ouverture initial du clapet pour que le contenu d'une trémie s'écoule en un temps déterminé, on mémorise, pour différents types de matière de différentes conditions de chargement, les courbes théoriques d'un débit constant déterminé ainsi que de la position correspondante du clapet de dosage pour assurer l'écoulement dans le temps déterminé, ces courbes fournissant à chaque instant le débit de consigne Qc et la position du clapet, on établit, à intervalles déterminés, le débit réel Qr en mesurant la diminution de poids ΔP du contenu de la trémie par unité de temps Δt et l'on compare le débit réel Q au débit de consigne Q , caractérisé en ce que le clapet de dosage est ouvert chaque fois que le débit réel Qr est inférieur au débit de consigne Qc et en ce qu'il est maintenu en position lorsque le débit réel Qr est supérieur au débit de consigne Q .1. - Method for controlling the loading of a tank furnace, comprising a rotary or oscillating distribution chute for ensuring the distribution of the material on the loading surface of the furnace, one or more hoppers for storing the material above of the furnace each provided with a metering member for regulating the flow rate of the loading material flowing from the hopper towards the chute, a weighing system for determining the content of the hopper, process by which it is determined, by calculation or experiment, the initial degree of opening of the valve so that the content of a hopper flows in a determined time, we memorize, for different types of material of different loading conditions, the theoretical curves of a constant flow determined thus that from the corresponding position of the metering valve to ensure the flow in the determined time, these curves providing at all times the set flow rate Q c and the position of the valve, we establish, at intervals determined, the actual flow rate Q r by measuring the reduction in weight ΔP of the content of the hopper per unit of time Δt and comparing the actual flow rate Q with the reference flow rate Q, characterized in that the metering flap is opened each once the actual flow Q r is lower than the set flow Q c and in that it is maintained in position when the real flow Q r is greater than the set flow Q. 2. - Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture initiale du clapet est choisie de telle manière que le débit qui en résulte corresponde au débit de consigne Q c calculé.2. - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the initial opening of the valve is chosen so that the resulting flow corresponds to the calculated reference flow Q c . 3. - Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le clapet est ouvert suivant une amplitude ΔS qui correspond à la différence entre la position du clapet correspondant au débit de consigne Qc et celle correspondant au débit réel Q .3. - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve is opened according to an amplitude ΔS which corresponds to the difference between the position of the valve corresponding to the set flow rate Q c and that corresponding to the actual flow Q. 4. - Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse d'actionnement du clapet est proportionnelle à la différence Δ S du déplacement nécessaire du clapet.4. - Method according to one of claims 1 or 3, characterized in that the actuation speed of the valve is proportional to the difference Δ S of the necessary movement of the valve. 5. - Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse de déplacement du clapet devient nulle lorsque la différence Δ S atteint un minimum prédéterminé.5. - Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the speed of movement of the valve becomes zero when the difference Δ S reaches a predetermined minimum.
EP86105644A 1985-05-10 1986-04-23 Method for controlling the charging of a shaft furnace Expired EP0204935B1 (en)

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AT86105644T ATE41679T1 (en) 1985-05-10 1986-04-23 PROCEDURE FOR CONTROLLING THE LOADING OF A TUBE FURNACE.

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LU85892 1985-05-10
LU85892A LU85892A1 (en) 1985-05-10 1985-05-10 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE LOADING OF A TANK OVEN

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FR2613051A1 (en) * 1987-03-24 1988-09-30 Wurth Paul Sa METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CORRECTING THE FALL TRACK IN A LOADING FACILITY FOR A TANK OVEN
FR2613049A1 (en) * 1987-03-24 1988-09-30 Wurth Paul Sa SUPPORT FRAME FOR A LOADING FACILITY FOR A TANK OVEN
EP0400309A2 (en) * 1989-06-02 1990-12-05 Maerz Ofenbau AG Charging device for the alternate feeding and distribution of solid materials with two grain sizes
GB2239966A (en) * 1989-11-21 1991-07-17 Gen Signal Corp Controlling discharge rates of loss-in-weight feeders
EP1163170A2 (en) 1999-03-23 2001-12-19 Focke & Co. (GmbH & Co.) Package in the style of a carton of cigarettes
LU91525B1 (en) * 2009-02-11 2010-08-12 Wurth Paul Sa Method and system for adjusting the flow rate of charge material in a charging process of a shaft furnace
WO2010092122A1 (en) 2009-02-11 2010-08-19 Paul Wurth S.A. Method and system for adjusting the flow rate of charge material in a charging process of a shaft furnace

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Cited By (14)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2613051A1 (en) * 1987-03-24 1988-09-30 Wurth Paul Sa METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CORRECTING THE FALL TRACK IN A LOADING FACILITY FOR A TANK OVEN
FR2613049A1 (en) * 1987-03-24 1988-09-30 Wurth Paul Sa SUPPORT FRAME FOR A LOADING FACILITY FOR A TANK OVEN
EP0400309A2 (en) * 1989-06-02 1990-12-05 Maerz Ofenbau AG Charging device for the alternate feeding and distribution of solid materials with two grain sizes
EP0400309A3 (en) * 1989-06-02 1991-04-03 Maerz Ofenbau AG Charging device for the alternate feeding and distribution of solid materials with two grain sizes
GB2239966A (en) * 1989-11-21 1991-07-17 Gen Signal Corp Controlling discharge rates of loss-in-weight feeders
GB2239966B (en) * 1989-11-21 1994-01-12 Gen Signal Corp System for precisely controlling discharge rates of loss-in-weight feeder systems
EP1163170A2 (en) 1999-03-23 2001-12-19 Focke &amp; Co. (GmbH &amp; Co.) Package in the style of a carton of cigarettes
LU91525B1 (en) * 2009-02-11 2010-08-12 Wurth Paul Sa Method and system for adjusting the flow rate of charge material in a charging process of a shaft furnace
WO2010092132A1 (en) 2009-02-11 2010-08-19 Paul Wurth S.A. Method and system for adjusting the flow rate of charge material in a charging process of a shaft furnace
WO2010092122A1 (en) 2009-02-11 2010-08-19 Paul Wurth S.A. Method and system for adjusting the flow rate of charge material in a charging process of a shaft furnace
CN102317479A (en) * 2009-02-11 2012-01-11 保尔伍斯股份有限公司 Be used for adjusting the method and system of the charging process furnace charge flow velocity of shaft furnace
CN102317479B (en) * 2009-02-11 2013-08-21 保尔伍斯股份有限公司 Method and system for adjusting the flow rate of charge material in a charging process of a shaft furnace
US8666557B2 (en) 2009-02-11 2014-03-04 Pau Wurth S.A. Method and system for adjusting the flow rate of charge material in a charging process of a shaft furnace
US9031704B2 (en) 2009-02-11 2015-05-12 Paul Wurth S.A. Method and system for adjusting the flow rate of charge material in a charging process of a shaft furnace

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CN1006554B (en) 1990-01-24
DE3662533D1 (en) 1989-04-27
JPS61266512A (en) 1986-11-26
ES554736A0 (en) 1987-03-01
ES8703618A1 (en) 1987-03-01
LU85892A1 (en) 1986-12-05
CA1269831A (en) 1990-06-05
CN86103226A (en) 1986-11-05
IN167117B (en) 1990-09-01
KR930009386B1 (en) 1993-10-02
IN165912B (en) 1990-02-10
CZ320186A3 (en) 1994-01-19
ZA863206B (en) 1987-02-25
ATE41679T1 (en) 1989-04-15
SU1493112A3 (en) 1989-07-07
AU5687486A (en) 1986-11-20
JPH0776372B2 (en) 1995-08-16
AU574574B2 (en) 1988-07-07
US4714396A (en) 1987-12-22
BR8602270A (en) 1987-01-21
KR860009133A (en) 1986-12-20
EP0204935B1 (en) 1989-03-22

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