EP0204070B1 - Electrically actuated fuel injection valve for internal-combustion engines - Google Patents

Electrically actuated fuel injection valve for internal-combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0204070B1
EP0204070B1 EP86102635A EP86102635A EP0204070B1 EP 0204070 B1 EP0204070 B1 EP 0204070B1 EP 86102635 A EP86102635 A EP 86102635A EP 86102635 A EP86102635 A EP 86102635A EP 0204070 B1 EP0204070 B1 EP 0204070B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
oscillator
chamber
injection valve
electrically actuated
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EP86102635A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0204070A1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Dr. Lange
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Mannesmann VDO AG
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Mannesmann VDO AG
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Priority to AT86102635T priority Critical patent/ATE43154T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/04—Pumps peculiar thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M69/041—Injectors peculiar thereto having vibrating means for atomizing the fuel, e.g. with sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/21—Fuel-injection apparatus with piezoelectric or magnetostrictive elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/48—Sonic vibrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrically actuated fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines, with an electrode-provided piezoelectric oscillator and with at least one fuel-receiving chamber, which is on the inlet side with a fuel feed path and on the outlet side with an injection opening in fuel-conducting connection and whose volume can be changed by actuating the oscillator is, the fuel supply path is designed such that it forms such a flow resistance when a voltage is applied to the electrodes that the fuel is given a preferential movement through the chamber to the injection opening.
  • Known fuel injection valves are actuated with an electromagnet, the magnet winding of which is arranged in a central bore of a valve housing (DE-C-23 49 584).
  • a soft iron core is inserted into the magnet winding, which is designed outside the valve housing as a connecting piece for the fuel supply.
  • the face of the soft iron core faces an anchor so that an air gap is formed between these two elements.
  • a valve needle is attached to the armature and is guided to be longitudinally displaceable in a tapered end of the valve housing.
  • the valve needle is designed in particular with flat surfaces ground on the valve needle body so that fuel can flow into an annular space in front of a valve seat of the valve needle.
  • an electrical liquid atomizer which has a pressure chamber, one end face of which is provided with a plurality of small cross-sectional outlets and the other end face of which is formed by a membrane which can be vibrated by a piezoelectric oscillator.
  • the oscillating membrane leads to pump movements that increase and decrease the volume of the pressure chamber, through which liquid is sucked into the pressure chamber via a liquid supply path and is conveyed through the outlets from the pressure chamber.
  • a fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines is known from “Patent Abstracts of Japan, Volume 8, No. 43 (M 279), 14 80, 24.02.1984, JP-A-58 200 068.
  • Two piezoelectric radial oscillators provided with electrodes form between them a fuel-receiving chamber which is on the inlet side with a fuel supply path and on the outlet side with an injection opening in a fuel-conducting connection.
  • the radial oscillator When the radial oscillator is energized, the radial oscillator is expanded radially and slots are opened.
  • the radial oscillator thus has the function of opening and closing the ejection opening.
  • a fuel injection valve of the type mentioned is known from US-A-3418 890.
  • a check valve is provided to prevent fuel from flowing back during the pump stroke.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide an electrically actuated fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines, which does not need a movable valve element to be mounted and which is characterized by an uncomplicated structure.
  • the fuel injection valve should not be subject to any significant wear and should be able to be controlled with low electrical power.
  • the principle of the invention is that a piezoelectric component, which is referred to as a piezoelectric oscillator, is designed and arranged in such a way that the fuel injection valve determines the preferred direction of movement of the liquid fuel, namely the direction of injection, without an element that is movable in its entirety, thereby determining the amount of fuel measures and creates the conditions for atomization of the fuel.
  • a piezoelectric component which is referred to as a piezoelectric oscillator
  • the direction of advance of the fuel is determined in that the piezoelectric oscillator is designed as a radial oscillator, that the fuel-receiving chamber penetrates the oscillator transversely to the direction of oscillation, and the fuel supply path is designed as an inlet-side narrowing of the chamber that is open on the outlet side is. The fuel is sprayed out on the side opposite the constriction of the chamber.
  • the fuel injection valve is constructed such that the piezoelectric oscillator is designed as a radial oscillator and the fuel-receiving chamber penetrates the oscillator transversely to the direction of oscillation, that the chamber in the oscillator is designed as a continuous bore of constant diameter that at one end of the bore
  • a constant volume chamber is arranged with a fuel inflow and outflow opening, the area of which is small compared to the area of the rigid constant volume chamber wall and that the volume of the constant volume chamber is large compared to the volume of the chamber in the oscillator.
  • an orifice unaffected by the radial oscillator and having a smaller bore than the chamber diameter can additionally be provided as the injection opening of the chamber on one side.
  • the manufacture can be simplified overall.
  • the bore in the diaphragm can have a very small diameter, which is difficult to make in the oscillator made of piezoelectric material.
  • the chamber in the transducer has a larger diameter. A fine atomization of the injected fuel can also be achieved in this way.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator is hollow cylindrical, with a number of chambers housed in its wall parallel and concentric to its longitudinal axis.
  • the individual chamber volumes of the chambers housed in the wall can be activated jointly depending on the intended use, in particular the amount of fuel to be injected - Claim 5 -, or can be activated successively by applying a localized electrical field - Claim 6. In the latter case, at least one extends
  • the electrode is not continuous over an outer wall or inner wall, but is divided into corresponding surface segments in the chambers. The opposite electrode, however, can extend as a continuous surface over the assigned wall.
  • the individually activatable chambers in a hollow cylindrical radial oscillator can have different volumes from one another or can be closed on one side with an annular diaphragm with holes of different sizes, so that the metered amount of fuel can be varied depending on which chamber is activated. It is also possible to hold individual of the chambers in the radial oscillator in reserve in the event that one or more of the other chambers fail.
  • a plurality of such radial oscillators with staggered outer diameters can also be arranged concentrically one inside the other. - Despite the higher volume throughput, the volume occupied by the entire transducer need not be increased significantly.
  • the orifice which determines the droplet size of the fuel with bores, is expediently shaped as a ring orifice for the hollow cylindrical radial oscillator, which bores have reduced bores compared to the associated chamber diameters.
  • This separate ring diaphragm can in turn be manufactured more cheaply than chambers of different, in particular very small, diameters in the piezoelectric material of the radial oscillator.
  • Piezoceramic material is preferably provided as the material for producing the vibrators.
  • the piezoelectric transducers can be produced from this in such a way that extremely precise metering and atomization of the fuel is achieved over a long operating period.
  • an electrical voltage must be made available.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator can take on both capacitive, inductive and ohmic character, which can have a favorable effect on the power loss implemented in the injection valve.
  • the fuel injection valve is shown greatly enlarged in all figures.
  • a thickness transducer made of piezoelectric material is designated 1. He is in essentially cubic and covered with electrodes 2 and 3 on two opposite sides.
  • a fuel-absorbing chamber 4 is recessed in the interior of the cube and merges into a one-sided narrowing 5 on the upper side.
  • the one-sided constriction lies in a fuel feed path to the fuel-receiving chamber 4.
  • the chamber and the one-sided constriction are rotationally symmetrical in relation to a longitudinal axis 6 and pass through the entire thickness transducer.
  • the dimensions of the thickness transducer change, u. a. as indicated by the direction of arrow 7. This is accompanied by changes in volume in the fuel-receiving chamber 4. As a result of the one-sided narrowing 5, the fuel is injected in the preferred direction of movement 8 into the volume surrounding the thickness transducer 1.
  • the size of the droplets during atomization can be adjusted by means of an additional screen 9 attached to the thickness transducer at the bottom, corresponding to the open cross-sectional area of a bore 10 in the screen.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 An essential part of a second embodiment of the fuel injection valve according to FIGS. 2 and 3 is a hollow cylindrical radial oscillator 11 made of piezoelectric material.
  • the fuel-receiving chambers are located in the neutral fiber 13 of the radial oscillator and are designed as continuous, ie open at the top and bottom bores with a constant diameter. They run parallel and concentric to the longitudinal axis 19.
  • the inner wall and the outer wall of the radial oscillator are each covered with an electrode, which is only indicated by the supply line 14 or 15 in FIG. 2.
  • the lower side of the fuel-receiving chambers 12, 12 ' is opposed by an annular diaphragm 16 which has holes 17, 17' which are aligned with the chambers 12, 12 'and determine the droplet size.
  • the radial oscillator and the ring diaphragm are mounted in a bracket 18 so that the ring diaphragm 16 with the bores 17, 17 'or the chambers of the radial oscillator 11 can spray fuel downward.
  • the fuel feed path to the ring oscillator is arranged in the upper part of the rigid block which is rotationally symmetrical about a longitudinal axis 19 and which preferably consists of metal.
  • the fuel feed path essentially consists of an annular constant volume chamber 20, into which a fuel inlet connection 21 and a fuel outlet connection 22 open.
  • the free cross sections of the connecting pieces 21 and 22 are small compared to the surface of the inner wall of the constant volume chamber.
  • the radial oscillator 11 is inserted in an annular recess 23 of the block 18 with seals 24-26 sealed.
  • the volume of the chambers 12, 12 'in the ring oscillator changes.
  • the fuel flowing into these fuel receiving chambers from the constant volume chamber 20 is essentially injected downwards through the bores 17, 17 'of the ring diaphragm 16 into the volume surrounding the fuel injection valve.
  • the preferred direction of movement 27 of the fuel thus runs as indicated by the arrow marked accordingly.
  • the fuel-absorbing chambers 12, 12 'can therefore be designed as a through hole for ease of production.
  • the leads 14, 15 are led out of the block 18 to a plug connection, not shown, via which a controlled electrical voltage can thus be supplied to the radial oscillator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

An electrically actuatable fuel-injection valve for internal combustion engines has a piezoelectric vibrator (1) provided with electrodes (2, 3). A fuel-receiving chamber (4) in the vibrator is in fuel-conducting communication with a fuel feed path (constriction 5) and an ejection opening (outlet opening). The fuel feed path as well as the ejection opening are so shaped that upon the application of a voltage to the electrodes (2, 3) the fuel is imparted a preferred movement (8) through the chamber to the ejection opening.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrisch betätigbares Kraftstoff-Einspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen, mit einem mit Elektroden versehenen piezoelektrischen Schwinger und mit wenigstens einer Kraftstoff aufnehmenden Kammer, die einlaßseitig mit einem Kraftstoffzuleitungsweg und auslaßseitig mit einer Einspritzöffnung in Kraftstoff leitender Verbindung steht und deren Volumen durch Ansteuerung des Schwingers veränderbar ist, wobei der Kraftstoffzuleitungsweg derart gestaltet ist, daß er beim Anlegen einer Spannung an die Elektroden einen solchen Strömungswiderstand bildet, daß dem Kraftstoff eine Vorzugsbewegung durch die Kammer zu der Einspritzöffnung erteilt wird.The invention relates to an electrically actuated fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines, with an electrode-provided piezoelectric oscillator and with at least one fuel-receiving chamber, which is on the inlet side with a fuel feed path and on the outlet side with an injection opening in fuel-conducting connection and whose volume can be changed by actuating the oscillator is, the fuel supply path is designed such that it forms such a flow resistance when a voltage is applied to the electrodes that the fuel is given a preferential movement through the chamber to the injection opening.

Bekannte Kraftstoffeinspritzventile werden mit einem Elektromagneten betätigt, dessen Magnetwicklung in einer Zentralbohrung eines Ventilgehäuses angeordnet ist (DE-C-23 49 584). In die Magnetwicklung ist ein Weicheisenkern eingesetzt, der außerhalb des Ventilgehäuses als Anschlußstutzen für die Kraftstoffzufuhr ausgebildet ist. Der Stirnseite des Weicheisenkerns steht ein Anker so gegenüber, daß zwischen diesen beiden Elementen ein Luftspalt gebildet wird. An dem Anker ist eine Ventilnadel angebracht, die in einem verjüngten Ende des Ventilgehäuses längs verschiebbar geführt ist. Die Ventilnadel ist dabei insbesondere mit an den Ventilnadelkörper angeschliffenen Planflächen so ausgebildet, daß Kraftstoff in einen Ringraum vor einem Ventilsitz der Ventilnadel strömen kann. Wenn der Elektromagnet erregt wird, zieht, der Anker die Ventilnadel an, die damit den Ventilsitz freigibt. Durch einen dann freigegebenen Zumeßspalt wird unter Druck stehender Kraftstoff in die Brennkraftmaschinen eingespritzt. - Die Fertigung eines derartigen Kraftstoffeinspritzventils mit einer längs verschiebbaren Ventilnadel ist aufwendig, da das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil aus vielen Elementen besteht, die zum Teil mit hoher Präzision zu fertigen und anschließend zu montieren sind.Known fuel injection valves are actuated with an electromagnet, the magnet winding of which is arranged in a central bore of a valve housing (DE-C-23 49 584). A soft iron core is inserted into the magnet winding, which is designed outside the valve housing as a connecting piece for the fuel supply. The face of the soft iron core faces an anchor so that an air gap is formed between these two elements. A valve needle is attached to the armature and is guided to be longitudinally displaceable in a tapered end of the valve housing. The valve needle is designed in particular with flat surfaces ground on the valve needle body so that fuel can flow into an annular space in front of a valve seat of the valve needle. When the solenoid is energized, the armature pulls the valve needle, thus releasing the valve seat. Pressurized fuel is injected into the internal combustion engines through a then released metering gap. - The manufacture of such a fuel injection valve with a longitudinally displaceable valve needle is complex, since the fuel injection valve consists of many elements, some of which have to be manufactured with high precision and then assembled.

Ferner unterliegen die längs verschiebbare Ventilnadel und ihre Lagerung einem Verschleiß, wodurch die gewünschte Zumessung verfälscht werden kann. Die Betätigung dieses elektromagnetischen Kraftstoffeinspritzventils erfordert eine nennenswerte elektrische Leistung, für die entsprechend dimensionierte Bauelemente vorzusehen sind.Furthermore, the longitudinally displaceable valve needle and its mounting are subject to wear, as a result of which the desired metering can be falsified. The actuation of this electromagnetic fuel injection valve requires significant electrical power, for which appropriately dimensioned components must be provided.

Aus der EP-A-0 049 636 ist ein elektrischer Flüssigkeitszerstäuber bekannt, der eine Druckkammer aufweist, deren eine Stirnseite mit einer Vielzahl von Auslässen geringen Querschnitts versehen ist und deren andere Stirnseite durch eine von einem piezoelektrischen Schwinger zu Schwingungen anregbare Membran gebildet ist. Die schwingende Membran führt zu das Volumen der Druckkammer vergrößernden und verkleindernden Pumpbewegungen, durch die über eine Flüssigkeitszuleitungsweg Flüssigkeit in die Druckkammer eingesaugt sowie durch die Auslässe aus der Druckkammer gefördert wird.From EP-A-0 049 636 an electrical liquid atomizer is known which has a pressure chamber, one end face of which is provided with a plurality of small cross-sectional outlets and the other end face of which is formed by a membrane which can be vibrated by a piezoelectric oscillator. The oscillating membrane leads to pump movements that increase and decrease the volume of the pressure chamber, through which liquid is sucked into the pressure chamber via a liquid supply path and is conveyed through the outlets from the pressure chamber.

Aus « Patent Abstracts of Japan, Band 8, Nr. 43 (M 279), 14 80, 24.02.1984, JP-A-58 200 068 ist ein Kraftstoff-Einspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen bekannt. Zwei mit Elektroden versehene piezoelektrische Radialschwinger bilden zwischen sich eine Kraftstoff aufnehmende Kammer, die einlaßseitig mit einem Kraftstoffzuleitungsweg und auslaßseitig mit einer Einspritzöffnung in Kraftstoff leitender Verbindung steht. Durch Energiebeaufschlagung des Radialschwingers kommt es zu einem radialen Erweitern des Radialschwingers und Öffnen von Schlitzen. Der Radialschwinger hat dadurch die Funktion, die Ausspritzöffnung zu öffnen und zu schließen.A fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines is known from “Patent Abstracts of Japan, Volume 8, No. 43 (M 279), 14 80, 24.02.1984, JP-A-58 200 068. Two piezoelectric radial oscillators provided with electrodes form between them a fuel-receiving chamber which is on the inlet side with a fuel supply path and on the outlet side with an injection opening in a fuel-conducting connection. When the radial oscillator is energized, the radial oscillator is expanded radially and slots are opened. The radial oscillator thus has the function of opening and closing the ejection opening.

Ein Kraftstoff-Einspritzventil der eingangs genannten Art ist aus der US-A-3418 890 bekannt. Zur Verhinderung eines Zurückstömens des Kraftstoffs während des Pumpenhubs ist ein Rückschlagventil vorhanden.A fuel injection valve of the type mentioned is known from US-A-3418 890. A check valve is provided to prevent fuel from flowing back during the pump stroke.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein elektrisch betätigbares kraftstoffeinspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen zu schaffen, welches ohne verschiebbar zu lagernde bewegte Ventilelement auskommt und das sich durch einen unkomplizierten Aufbau auszeichnet. Das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil soll keinem nennenswerten Verschleiß unterliegen und mit geringer elektrischer Leistung angesteuert werden können.The present invention has for its object to provide an electrically actuated fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines, which does not need a movable valve element to be mounted and which is characterized by an uncomplicated structure. The fuel injection valve should not be subject to any significant wear and should be able to be controlled with low electrical power.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil mit den im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst.This object is achieved by a fuel injection valve with the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Das Prinzip der Erfindung besteht darin, daß ein piezoelektrisches Bauelement, welches als piezoelektrischer Schwinger bezeichnet wird, so ausgebildet und angeordnet wird, daß das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil ohne ein in seiner Gesamtheit bewegliches Element die Vorzugsbewegungsrichtung des flüssigen Brennkraftstoffes, nämlich die Einspritzrichtung, bestimmt, dabei die Kraftstoffmenge zumißt und die Voraussetzung für eine Zerstäubung des Brennkraftstoffs schafft. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, daß durch das elektrische Feld bei Anlegen von elektrischer Spannung an die Elektroden des piezoelektrischen Schwingers dieser sich zusammenzieht oder ausdehnt, damit das Volumen einer Kraftstoff aufnehmenden Kammer verändert, und daß bei einer Volumenverringerung der Kammer der Brennkraftstoff im wesentlichen aus der Einspritzöffnung austritt, während der Kraftstoffrückfluß durch den Kraftstoffzuleitungsweg wesentlich gedrosselt ist.The principle of the invention is that a piezoelectric component, which is referred to as a piezoelectric oscillator, is designed and arranged in such a way that the fuel injection valve determines the preferred direction of movement of the liquid fuel, namely the direction of injection, without an element that is movable in its entirety, thereby determining the amount of fuel measures and creates the conditions for atomization of the fuel. This is achieved in that the electric field, when electrical voltage is applied to the electrodes of the piezoelectric oscillator, causes the piezoelectric oscillator to contract or expand so that the volume of a fuel-receiving chamber changes, and in that when the chamber is reduced in volume, the fuel essentially comes out of the injection opening emerges while the fuel return flow through the fuel supply path is substantially throttled.

In einer Ausführungsform des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils wird die Voruzgsbewegungsrichtung des Brennkraftstoffs dadurch bestimmt, daß der piezoelektrische Schwinger als Radialschwinger ausgebildet ist, daß die den Kraftstoff aufnehmende Kammer den Schwinger quer zur Schwingungsrichtung durchdringt und der Kraftstoffzuleitungsweg als einlaßseitige Verengung der auf der Austrittsseite offenen Kammer ausgebildet ist. Der Kraftstoff wird dabei auf der der Verengung der Kammer gegenüberliegenden Seite ausgespritzt.In one embodiment of the fuel injection valve, the direction of advance of the fuel is determined in that the piezoelectric oscillator is designed as a radial oscillator, that the fuel-receiving chamber penetrates the oscillator transversely to the direction of oscillation, and the fuel supply path is designed as an inlet-side narrowing of the chamber that is open on the outlet side is. The fuel is sprayed out on the side opposite the constriction of the chamber.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil so aufgebaut, daß der piezoelektrische Schwinger als Radialschwinger ausgebildet ist und die Kraftstoff aufnehmende kammer den Schwinger quer zur Schwingungsrichtung durchdringt, daß die Kammer in dem Schwinger als durchgehende Bohrung konstanten Durchmessers ausgebildet ist, daß an einem Ende der Bohrung in dem Kraftzstoffzuleitungsweg eine Konstantvolumen-Kammer mit einer Kraftstoffzuflußöffnung und -abflußöffnung angeordnet ist, deren Fläche klein gegenüber der Fläche der unnachgiebigen Konstantvolumen-Kammerwand ist und daß das Volumen der Konstant-Volumen-Kammer groß gegenüber dem Volumen der Kammer im Schwinger ist.In a further embodiment, the fuel injection valve is constructed such that the piezoelectric oscillator is designed as a radial oscillator and the fuel-receiving chamber penetrates the oscillator transversely to the direction of oscillation, that the chamber in the oscillator is designed as a continuous bore of constant diameter that at one end of the bore In the fuel supply path a constant volume chamber is arranged with a fuel inflow and outflow opening, the area of which is small compared to the area of the rigid constant volume chamber wall and that the volume of the constant volume chamber is large compared to the volume of the chamber in the oscillator.

Bei Volumenänderungen der Kammern in dem piezoelektrischen Schwinger fließt Kraftstoff aus den aktivierten Kammern nur zu einem geringen Teil in die Konstantvolumen-Kammern zurück, da die Konstantvolumen-Kammerwände im wesentlichen unnachgiebig sind und der Kraftstoff nicht kompressibel ist.In the event of changes in the volume of the chambers in the piezoelectric oscillator, only a small amount of fuel flows back into the constant volume chambers from the activated chambers, since the constant volume chamber walls are essentially unyielding and the fuel is not compressible.

Weitere ein solches Kraftstoffeinspritzventil betreffende Merkmale sind in den prioritätsgteichen Anmeldungen EP-A-02 04 068 und EP-A-02 03 274 enthalten.Further features relating to such a fuel injection valve are contained in the priority applications EP-A-02 04 068 and EP-A-02 03 274.

Zur Bemessung der Einspritzmenge kann nach Anspruch 3 zusätzlich als Einspritzöffnung der Kammer an deren einen Seite eine von dem Radialschwinger unbeeinflußte Blende mit einer gegenüber dem Kammerdurchmesser kleineren Bohrung angoerdnet sein. - Dadurch, daß die relativ kleine Bohrung in einer gesonderten Blende auszuführen ist, die aus leichter zu bearbeitendem Material als der piezoelektrische Schwinger besteht, kann die Herstellung insgesamt vereinfacht werden. Beispielsweise kann die Bohrung in der Blende eine sehr kleinen Durchmesser aufweisen, die in dem aus piezoelektrischen Material bestehenden Schwinger nur schwer anzubringen ist. Die Kammer in dem Schwinger hat dagegen einen größeren Durchmesser. Damit kann auch eine feine Zerstäubung des eingespritzten Kraftstoffs erreicht werden.In order to measure the injection quantity, an orifice unaffected by the radial oscillator and having a smaller bore than the chamber diameter can additionally be provided as the injection opening of the chamber on one side. - The fact that the relatively small hole is to be made in a separate aperture, which consists of easier-to-process material than the piezoelectric vibrator, the manufacture can be simplified overall. For example, the bore in the diaphragm can have a very small diameter, which is difficult to make in the oscillator made of piezoelectric material. The chamber in the transducer, on the other hand, has a larger diameter. A fine atomization of the injected fuel can also be achieved in this way.

In einer anderen Ausführungsform des Kraftstoffventils nach Anspruch 4 ist der piezoelektrische Schwinger hohlzylindrische ausgebildet, wobei in seiner Wand eine Reihe von Kammern parallel und konzentrisch zu seiner Längsachse untergebracht sind. - Die einzeilnen Kammervolumina der in der Wand untergebrachten Kammern können je nach Verwendungszweck, insbesondere einzuspritzender Kraftstoffmenge, gemeinsam aktiviert werden - Anspruch 5 -, oder aber nacheinander durch Anlegen eines örtlich begrenzten elektrischen Feldes aktiviert werden - Anspruch 6. Im letztgenannten Fall erstreckt sich zumindest eine Elektrode nicht durchgehend über eine Außenwand oder Innenwand, sondern ist in den Kammern entsprechende, Flächensegmente unterteilt. Die gegenüberliegende Elektrode kann sich hingegen als eine durchgehende Fläche über die zugeordnete Wand erstrecken. - Die individuell aktivierbaren Kammern in einem hohlzylindrischen Radialschwinger können untereinander verschiedene Volumina aufweisen oder mit einer Ringblende mit verschieden großen Bohrungen einseitig abgeschlossen sein, so daß je nach dem, welche Kammer aktiviert wird, die zugemessene Kraftstoffmenge variiert werden kann. Es ist auch möglich, einzelne der Kammern in dem Radialschwinger für den Fall umschaltbar in Reserve zu halten, daß eine oder mehrere der anderen Kammern ausfallen.In another embodiment of the fuel valve according to claim 4, the piezoelectric vibrator is hollow cylindrical, with a number of chambers housed in its wall parallel and concentric to its longitudinal axis. - The individual chamber volumes of the chambers housed in the wall can be activated jointly depending on the intended use, in particular the amount of fuel to be injected - Claim 5 -, or can be activated successively by applying a localized electrical field - Claim 6. In the latter case, at least one extends The electrode is not continuous over an outer wall or inner wall, but is divided into corresponding surface segments in the chambers. The opposite electrode, however, can extend as a continuous surface over the assigned wall. - The individually activatable chambers in a hollow cylindrical radial oscillator can have different volumes from one another or can be closed on one side with an annular diaphragm with holes of different sizes, so that the metered amount of fuel can be varied depending on which chamber is activated. It is also possible to hold individual of the chambers in the radial oscillator in reserve in the event that one or more of the other chambers fail.

Zur Erhöhung des Mengendurchsatzes des Kraftstoffes bei gleichzeitiger Betätigung sämtlicher in dem hohlzylindrischen Radialschwinger vorgesehener Kammern können weiterhin mehrere solcher Radialschwinger mit gestaffelten Außendurchmessern konzentrisch ineinander angeordnet werden. - Trotz höheren Mengendurchsatzes braucht somit das von dem gesamten Schwinger eingenommene Volumen nicht wesentlich erhöht zu werden.To increase the flow rate of the fuel while simultaneously actuating all of the chambers provided in the hollow cylindrical radial oscillator, a plurality of such radial oscillators with staggered outer diameters can also be arranged concentrically one inside the other. - Despite the higher volume throughput, the volume occupied by the entire transducer need not be increased significantly.

Die Blende, die mit Bohrungen die Tröpfchengröße des Kraftstoffs bestimmt, ist für den hohlzylindrischen Radialschwinger zweckmäßig als Ringblende geformt, die gegenüber den zugehörigen Kammerdurchmessern reduzierte Bohrungen aufweist. Diese separate Ringblende kann wiederum fertigungsgünstiger hergestellt werden als Kammern unterschiedlicher, insbesondere sehr geringer Durchmesser in dem piezoelektrischen Material des Radialschwingers.The orifice, which determines the droplet size of the fuel with bores, is expediently shaped as a ring orifice for the hollow cylindrical radial oscillator, which bores have reduced bores compared to the associated chamber diameters. This separate ring diaphragm can in turn be manufactured more cheaply than chambers of different, in particular very small, diameters in the piezoelectric material of the radial oscillator.

Als Werkstoff zur Herstellung der Schwinger ist nach Anspruch 9 vorzugsweise piezokeramisches Material vorgesehen.Piezoceramic material is preferably provided as the material for producing the vibrators.

Daraus lassen sich die piezoelektrischen Schwinger so herstellen, daß eine äußerst präzise Zumessung und Zerstäubung des Kraftstoffs über einen langen Betriebszeitraum hinweg erreicht ist. Zum Erzeugen des elektrischen Feldes, welches die Wandstärkeveränderungen des piezoelektrischen Schwingers bewirkt, ist eine elektrische Spannung zur Verfügung zu stellen. Je nach Arbeitsfrequenz kann der piezoelektrische Schwinger sowohl kapazitiven, induktiven als auch ohmschen Charakter annehmen, was sich günstig auf die in dem Einspritz ventil umgesetzte Verlustleistung auswirken kann.The piezoelectric transducers can be produced from this in such a way that extremely precise metering and atomization of the fuel is achieved over a long operating period. To generate the electrical field that causes the changes in wall thickness of the piezoelectric vibrator, an electrical voltage must be made available. Depending on the working frequency, the piezoelectric vibrator can take on both capacitive, inductive and ohmic character, which can have a favorable effect on the power loss implemented in the injection valve.

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung mit drei Figuren erläutert. Es zeigen :

  • Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführungsform des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils mit einem Dickenschwinger im Längsschnitt und einer angesetzten Blende in grob schematischer Darstellung ;
  • Fig. 2 eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Kraftstoffeinspritzventils, mit einem Radialschwinger im Längsschnitt und
  • Fig. 3 eine Draufsicht auf einen Teil des Radialschwingers nach Fig. 2.
Two embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to a drawing with three figures. Show it :
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the fuel injector with a thickness transducer in longitudinal section and an attached diaphragm in a rough schematic representation.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a fuel injection valve, with a radial oscillator in longitudinal section and
  • 3 shows a plan view of a part of the radial oscillator according to FIG. 2.

In sämtlichen Figuren ist das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil stark vergrößert dargestellt.The fuel injection valve is shown greatly enlarged in all figures.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Dickenschwinger aus piezoelektrischem Material mit 1 bezeichnet. Er ist im wesentlichen kubusförmig ausgebildet und an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten mit Elektroden 2 und 3 belegt.In Fig. 1, a thickness transducer made of piezoelectric material is designated 1. He is in essentially cubic and covered with electrodes 2 and 3 on two opposite sides.

Im Innern des Kubus ist eine Kraftstoff aufnehmende Kammer 4 ausgespart, die an der oberen Seite in eine einseitige Verengung 5 übergeht. Die einseitige Verengung liegt in einem Kraftstoffzuleitungsweg zu der Kraftstoff aufnehmenden Kammer 4. Die Kammer und die einseitige Verengung sind rotationssymmetrisch zu einer Längsachse 6 geformt und gehen durch den gesamten Dickenschwinger hindurch.A fuel-absorbing chamber 4 is recessed in the interior of the cube and merges into a one-sided narrowing 5 on the upper side. The one-sided constriction lies in a fuel feed path to the fuel-receiving chamber 4. The chamber and the one-sided constriction are rotationally symmetrical in relation to a longitudinal axis 6 and pass through the entire thickness transducer.

Wenn an die Elektroden 2 und 3 Spannung gelegt wird, verändern sich die Dimensionen des Dickenschwingers, u. a. wie mit Richtung des Pfeils 7 angedeutet. Damit gehen Volumenänderungen in der Kraftstoff aufnehmenden Kammer 4 einher. Infolge der einseitigen Verengung 5 wird der Kraftstoff in der Vorzugsbewegungsrichtung 8 in das den Dickenschwinger 1 umgebende Volumen gespritzt.When voltage is applied to electrodes 2 and 3, the dimensions of the thickness transducer change, u. a. as indicated by the direction of arrow 7. This is accompanied by changes in volume in the fuel-receiving chamber 4. As a result of the one-sided narrowing 5, the fuel is injected in the preferred direction of movement 8 into the volume surrounding the thickness transducer 1.

Die Tröpfchengröße bei der Zerstäubung kann durch eine zusätzliche, unten an den Dickenschwinger angesetzte Blende 9 entsprechend der offenen Querschnittsfläche einer Bohrung 10 in der Blende eingestellt werden.The size of the droplets during atomization can be adjusted by means of an additional screen 9 attached to the thickness transducer at the bottom, corresponding to the open cross-sectional area of a bore 10 in the screen.

Wesentlicher Teil einer zweiten Ausführungsform des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils nach den Fig. 2 und 3 ist ein hohlzylindrischer Radialschwinger 11 aus piezoelektrischem Material. Wie aus Fig. 3 in Verbindung mit Fig. 2 ersichtlich, sind in dem hohlzylindrischen Radialschwinger zwischen dessen Innenwand mit dem Radius r1 und der Außenwand mit dem Radius r2 eine Reihe von Kraftstoff aufnehmenden Kammern 12, 12' angeordnet. Die Kraftstoff aufnehmenden Kammern liegen in der neutralen Faser 13 des Radialschwingers und sind als durchgehende, also oben und unten offene Bohrungen mit konstantem Durchmesser ausgebildet. Sie verlaufen parallel und konzentrisch zur Längsache 19.An essential part of a second embodiment of the fuel injection valve according to FIGS. 2 and 3 is a hollow cylindrical radial oscillator 11 made of piezoelectric material. As can be seen from FIG. 3 in connection with FIG. 2, a row of fuel-absorbing chambers 12, 12 'are arranged in the hollow cylindrical radial oscillator between its inner wall with the radius r 1 and the outer wall with the radius r 2 . The fuel-receiving chambers are located in the neutral fiber 13 of the radial oscillator and are designed as continuous, ie open at the top and bottom bores with a constant diameter. They run parallel and concentric to the longitudinal axis 19.

Die Innenwand und die Außenwand des Radialschwingers ist jeweils mit einer Elektrode belegt, die lediglich durch die Zuleitung 14 bzw. 15 in Fig. 2 angedeutet ist.The inner wall and the outer wall of the radial oscillator are each covered with an electrode, which is only indicated by the supply line 14 or 15 in FIG. 2.

Der unteren Seite der Kraftstoff aufnehmenden Kammern 12, 12' steht eine Ringblende 16 gegenüber, welche mit den Kammern 12,12' fluchtende, die Tröpfchengröße bestimmende Bohrungen 17, 17' aufweist.The lower side of the fuel-receiving chambers 12, 12 'is opposed by an annular diaphragm 16 which has holes 17, 17' which are aligned with the chambers 12, 12 'and determine the droplet size.

Der Radialschwinger und die Ringblende sind in einem Bock 18 montiert, so daß die Ringblende 16 mit den Bohrungen 17, 17' bzw. die Kammern des Radialschwingers 11 nach unten Kraftstoff ausspritzen können.The radial oscillator and the ring diaphragm are mounted in a bracket 18 so that the ring diaphragm 16 with the bores 17, 17 'or the chambers of the radial oscillator 11 can spray fuel downward.

In dem oberen Teil des um eine Längsachse 19 rotationssymmetrischen, steifen Blocks, der vorzugsweise aus Metall besteht, ist der Kraftstoffzuleitungsweg zu dem Ringschwinger angeordnet. Der Kraftstoffzuleitungsweg besteht im wesentlichen aus einer ringförmigen Konstantvolumen- Kammer 20, in die ein Kraftstoffzuflußstutzen 21 und ein Kraftstoffabflußstutzen 22 münden. Die freien Querschnitte der Stutzen 21 und 22 sind klein gegenüber der Fläche der Innenwand der Konstantvolumen-Kammer.The fuel feed path to the ring oscillator is arranged in the upper part of the rigid block which is rotationally symmetrical about a longitudinal axis 19 and which preferably consists of metal. The fuel feed path essentially consists of an annular constant volume chamber 20, into which a fuel inlet connection 21 and a fuel outlet connection 22 open. The free cross sections of the connecting pieces 21 and 22 are small compared to the surface of the inner wall of the constant volume chamber.

Der Radialschwinger 11 ist in einer ringförmigen Ausnehmung 23 des Blocks 18 mit Dichtungen 24-26 abgedichtet eingesetzt.The radial oscillator 11 is inserted in an annular recess 23 of the block 18 with seals 24-26 sealed.

Bei Anlegen von Hochspannung an die Zuleitungen 14, 15 und das dementsprechend zwischen der Innenwand und die Außenwand des Radialschwingers gebildete elektrische Feld erfolgt eine Volumenänderung der Kammern 12, 12' in dem Ringschwinger. Der in diese Kraftstoff aufnehmende Kammern von der Konstantvolumen-Kammer 20 einströmende Kraftstoff wird im wesentlichen nach unten durch die Bohrungen 17,17' der Ringblende 16 in das das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil umgebende Volumen eingespritzt. Die Vorzugsbewegungsrichtung 27 des Kraftstoffs verläuft somit wie mit dem entsprechend gekennzeichneten Pfeil angedeutet. Nach oben kann hingegen der Kraftstoff aus den Kammern 12, 12' nicht nennenswert in die Konstantvolumen-Kammer 20 zurückströmen, da diese mit einem großen Volumen im wesentlichen nicht kompressiblen Kraftstoffs gefüllt ist. Die den Kraftstoff aufnehmenden Kammern 12, 12' können daher fertigungsgünstig als durchgehende Bohrung ausgebildet sein.When high voltage is applied to the supply lines 14, 15 and the electrical field correspondingly formed between the inner wall and the outer wall of the radial oscillator, the volume of the chambers 12, 12 'in the ring oscillator changes. The fuel flowing into these fuel receiving chambers from the constant volume chamber 20 is essentially injected downwards through the bores 17, 17 'of the ring diaphragm 16 into the volume surrounding the fuel injection valve. The preferred direction of movement 27 of the fuel thus runs as indicated by the arrow marked accordingly. On the other hand, the fuel from the chambers 12, 12 'cannot flow upwards appreciably into the constant volume chamber 20, since this is filled with a large volume of essentially incompressible fuel. The fuel-absorbing chambers 12, 12 'can therefore be designed as a through hole for ease of production.

Die Zuleitungen 14, 15 sind aus dem Block 18 heraus zu einer nicht dargestellten Steckverbindung geführt, über die somit dem Radialschwinger eine gesteuerte elektrische Spannung zugeführt werden kann.The leads 14, 15 are led out of the block 18 to a plug connection, not shown, via which a controlled electrical voltage can thus be supplied to the radial oscillator.

Claims (10)

1. Electrically actuated fuel injection valve for internal-combustion engines with a piezoelectric oscillator (1) provided with electrodes (2, 3) and at least one chamber (4) for receiving fuel, which is connected at the inlet end with a fuel feed passage (5) and at the outlet end with an injection opening (10) in such a manner as to transmit fuel, the volume of which can be changed by driving the oscillator (1), in which the fuel feed passage (5) is shaped in such a way that, when a voltage is applied to the electrodes (2, 3), it forms such a resistance to flow that a preferential movement (8) is imparted to the fuel through the chamber to the injection opening, characterized in that the piezoelectric oscillator is constructed as a radial oscillator (1), in that the chamber (4) for receiving the fuel passes through the oscillator transversely to the direction of oscillation (arrow 7) and the fuel feed passage is constructed in the oscillator as a constriction (5) at the inlet end of the chamber (4) which is open on the outlet side in the oscillator.
2. Electrically actuated fuel injection valve for internal-combustion engines with a piezoelectric oscillator (11) provided with electrodes (14, 15) and at least one chamber (12, 12') for receiving fuel, which is connected at the inlet end with a fuel feed passage (20) and at the outlet end with an injection opening in such a manner as to transmit fuel, the volume of which can be changed by driving the oscillator (11), in which the fuel feed passage (20) is shaped in such a way that, when a voltage is applied to the electrodes (14, 15), it forms such a resistance to flow that a preferential movement (27) is imparted to the fuel through the chamber to the injection opening, characterized in that the piezoelectric oscillator is constructed as a radial oscillator (11) and the chamber (12, 12') for receiving the fuel passes through the oscillator transversely to the direction of oscillation, in that the chamber (12, 12') in the oscillator (11) is constructed as at least one continuous hole of constant diameter, in that, positioned in the fuel admission passage at one end of the hole or holes, is a constant volume chamber (20) with a fuel admission opening (21) and a fuel discharge opening (22) the areas of which are small compared with the area of the rigid constant volume chamber wall, and in that the volume of the constant volume chamber (20) is large compared with the volume of the chamber (12, 12') in the oscillator.
3. Electrically actuated fuel injection valve according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an orifice plate (9, 16), which is not influenced by the radial oscillator (1, 11), with a hole or holes (10, 17) which are smaller than the chamber diameter is positioned at one end of the chamber as the injection opening of the said chamber.
4. Electrically actuated fuel injection valve according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the piezoelectric oscillator is constructed in the form of a hollow cylinder and a series of chambers (12, 12') for receiving fuel are accommodated in its wall parallel to, and concentric with, its longitudinal axis (19).
5. Electrically actuated fuel injection valve according to Claim 4, characterized in that in essence a voltage can be applied to an inner wall (at r1) and to an outer wall (at r2) of the hollow-cylindrical radial oscillator (11) over their entire surfaces and all chamber volumes can be changed at the same time and in the same sense.
6. Electrically actuated fuel injection valve according to Claim 4, characterized in that a voltage can be applied to individual sections of an inner wall (at r1) or an outer wall (ar r2) of the hollow-cylindrical radial oscillator (11) so that the chamber volumes can be activated individually, in particular, sequentially.
7. Electrically actuated fuel injection valve according to Claim 4, characterized by a concentric configuration of a plurality of hollow-cylindrical radial oscillators placed one inside the other.
8. Electrically actuated fuel injection valve according to one of Claims 4-7, characterized in that the radial oscillator (11) is provided at its ejection end with an annular orifice plate (16) which is not influenced by the radial oscillator and which has holes (17, 17') which are smaller than the chamber diameters.
9. Electrically actuated fuel injection valve according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the oscillator consists of piezoceramic material.
10. Electrically actuated fuel injection valve according to one of Claims 2-8, characterized in that the piezoelectric oscillator is mounted in a block (18) from which is formed the constant volume chamber which is connected with the hole(s) for receiving fuel.
EP86102635A 1985-05-13 1986-02-28 Electrically actuated fuel injection valve for internal-combustion engines Expired EP0204070B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86102635T ATE43154T1 (en) 1985-05-13 1986-02-28 ELECTRICALLY OPERATED FUEL INJECTION VALVE FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3517242 1985-05-13
DE19853517242 DE3517242A1 (en) 1985-05-13 1985-05-13 ELECTRICALLY OPERABLE FUEL INJECTION VALVE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0204070A1 EP0204070A1 (en) 1986-12-10
EP0204070B1 true EP0204070B1 (en) 1989-05-17

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ID=6270633

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EP86102635A Expired EP0204070B1 (en) 1985-05-13 1986-02-28 Electrically actuated fuel injection valve for internal-combustion engines

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US (1) US4725003A (en)
EP (1) EP0204070B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61261657A (en)
AT (1) ATE43154T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3517242A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3517258A1 (en) * 1985-05-13 1987-01-15 Vdo Schindling ELECTRICALLY OPERABLE FUEL INJECTION VALVE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
EP0322767A3 (en) * 1987-12-29 1990-05-02 Polska Akademia Nauk Instytut Podstawowych Problemow Techniki Device for feeding of spark ignition engines with a fuel medium
US7259499B2 (en) * 2004-12-23 2007-08-21 Askew Andy R Piezoelectric bimorph actuator and method of manufacturing thereof

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2908443A (en) * 1949-06-07 1959-10-13 Fruengel Frank Ultrasonic carburetor
US2907648A (en) * 1955-09-30 1959-10-06 Nordberg Manufacturing Co Method of vaporizing a fuel
US3194162A (en) * 1962-11-15 1965-07-13 Clevite Corp Piezoelectric fuel injector
US3418980A (en) * 1965-09-01 1968-12-31 Physics Internat Company Fuel injector-ignitor system for internal combustion engines
DE1542093C3 (en) * 1966-05-12 1975-02-06 Deutsche Forschungs- Und Versuchsanstalt Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V., 5300 Bonn Process for the periodic generation of small liquid droplets
GB1500908A (en) * 1974-06-05 1978-02-15 Ici Ltd Process for production of drop streams
US4372491A (en) * 1979-02-26 1983-02-08 Fishgal Semyon I Fuel-feed system
CA1178191A (en) * 1980-10-06 1984-11-20 Naoyoshi Maehara Electric liquid atomizing apparatus

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US4725003A (en) 1988-02-16
DE3517242A1 (en) 1986-11-13
DE3663383D1 (en) 1989-06-22
ATE43154T1 (en) 1989-06-15
JPS61261657A (en) 1986-11-19
EP0204070A1 (en) 1986-12-10

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