EP0198811A2 - An arrangement for asymmetric lighting - Google Patents

An arrangement for asymmetric lighting Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0198811A2
EP0198811A2 EP86850137A EP86850137A EP0198811A2 EP 0198811 A2 EP0198811 A2 EP 0198811A2 EP 86850137 A EP86850137 A EP 86850137A EP 86850137 A EP86850137 A EP 86850137A EP 0198811 A2 EP0198811 A2 EP 0198811A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
light source
arrangement
lamp
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86850137A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0198811A3 (en
EP0198811B1 (en
Inventor
Jens Chr. Krogsrud
Kai O. Sorensen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jac Jacobsen Industrier AS
Original Assignee
Jac Jacobsen Industrier AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jac Jacobsen Industrier AS filed Critical Jac Jacobsen Industrier AS
Publication of EP0198811A2 publication Critical patent/EP0198811A2/en
Publication of EP0198811A3 publication Critical patent/EP0198811A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0198811B1 publication Critical patent/EP0198811B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F21V7/05—Optical design plane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F21V7/07—Optical design with hyperbolic curvature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F21V7/09—Optical design with a combination of different curvatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for asymmetric lighting of the kind stated in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the illuminating intensity on the working area should be high and uniform. Outside the working area illumination intensity should gradually decrease in all directions, including areas toward, below, and behind said lamp. It is also desirable that the light opening is at a rather small distance above the table, i.e. approximately 40 cm above the level of the working area, in order to avoid glare and ensuring a good distance between the front edge of the reflector and the center of the working area, which should be 40 cm.
  • the size of the reflector should be as small as possible to avoid a dominating appearance and a structure that might be restrictive to work.
  • a source of light especially considered for use is a so called LP-type fluorescent lamp.
  • One object of the present invention is to avoid the above mentioned disadvantages. This is achieved by the aid of a reflector of the kind mentioned above the characterizing features of which are stated in claim 1.
  • the nominal luminous flux of said lamps is 2000 lm. This quantity of light is, indeed, too large if it is permitted to illuminate the area close to the lamp without restriction.
  • the reflector surrounds the rear portion of the light source relatively closely and reflects part of the light flow back onto said portion, so that the luminance of the light source is increased which will result in an increased lighting intensity on the most remote portion of the working area.
  • the portion of the reflector surroundingthe light source may be quite low, 4-6 cm, with a length normal to the light source of 20-30 cm.
  • side reflectors may also be provided. Such side reflectors may be curved or inclined so as to increase the light opening area still more.
  • the reflectors are not a continuous hyperbola since it is, as previously known, almost impossible to manufacture reflectors with such accuracy economically. There have been previous efforts to manufacture this reflector from several parallel faces which together formed an approximate hyperbola. As mentioned above in connection with the known lamp this, however resulted in illumination with undesirable striations. In order to avoid such striations reflectors according to the present invention consist of triangular facets. As a consequence of this composition there will be diagonal overlaps in the light pattern removing striations.
  • the size of the reflector is substantially shortened and, at the same time, a fairly uniform illumination of the working area is achieved as in case of a corresponding larger reflector without any lattice.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatical elevational view in perspective of a lamp with a reflector 1, having a hyperbolic profile with focus 7 at the lower edge of the light source 3.
  • the light source is a so called PL-type fluorescent lamp.
  • the reason for choosing a hyperbola is that the second focus is above said hyperbola resulting in uniform illumination below the hyperbola.
  • the design of the lamp shade per se we refer ⁇ to the disclosure below.
  • the hyperbola is unambiguously determined by the direction of the axis of the hyperbola as well as its focal lengths.
  • Reflector portion 4 extends below the source of light to reduce illumination from said source of light to points immediately in front of the lamp. If this extension of the reflector shade ends with a straight line parallel with light source 3 there would be an abrupt change on the tworking surface from darkness to light, and this is undesirable. For this reason the termination of reflector portion 4 in relation to light source 3 is not designed as a straight line, but in a V-shape the source of light being gradually covered outwards towards the edge. However, the light source is at all places covered beyond its central line. Such a gradual covering of the light source ensures illumination without shadows below the working lamp with a-gradual increase of light intensity as shown in Figure 2.
  • the front reflector portion 6 is constructed and calculated on the basis of a parabolic basic form with a cut-off direction of 45°.
  • the front portion 6 of the reflector and the rear portion 8 are joined at point 5 in a valley shape as indicated in Figure 1. This will reduce the efficiency of the lamp somewhat but it also reduces the focal length of the hyperbolic curve with the result that the amount of light at disposal is displaced further away in the working area, cf. the illumination curve in Figure 2 showing the preferred embodiment with curve 1 and with curve 2 showing the illumination of the working area without the special joining of the front and the rear reactor portions and without a louver arrangement.
  • non-reflecting louver lamellae 2 e.g. painted black,are provided at this portion of the lamp.
  • Said lamellae may be arranged at various angles relative to the perpendicular 9 to the table surface. Angles between 30 and 70° may be used, but the most suitable angle is 56,3°.
  • the foremost portion of the reflector being removed, the lamp may be displaced closer to the working area and the lamp can still be provided at eye level without any hazard of glare.
  • the intensity of illumination of the working area may be somewhat increased.
  • the reflectors were made of a conductive material, this could interfere with the discharge in the PL-lamp. This is probably due to the fact that the discharges in said fluorescent lamp create a magnetic field inducing an eddy current in the material, which in turn creates a magnetic field having an effect on the discharge.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

An asymmetric lighting device comprises a reflector (1) with a light source (3) provided in its rear portion. The reflector (1) surrounds and is closely adjacent the rear portion of said light source (3); preferably at a distance of 2 mm and it comprises a portion (4) screening the area directly below said light screen. The reflector (1) may be composed oftrian- gular facets. At the reflector (1) end most remotely from said lightsource (3) this portion may be truncated and replaced by one or more louver lamellae preferably three, which are inclined in an angle with the perpendicular on the working plane which is, preferably 56.3°.

Description

  • The invention relates to an arrangement for asymmetric lighting of the kind stated in the preamble of claim 1.
  • It is, among others, required from a working lamp that the illuminating intensity on the working area should be high and uniform. Outside the working area illumination intensity should gradually decrease in all directions, including areas toward, below, and behind said lamp. It is also desirable that the light opening is at a rather small distance above the table, i.e. approximately 40 cm above the level of the working area, in order to avoid glare and ensuring a good distance between the front edge of the reflector and the center of the working area, which should be 40 cm.
  • Furthermore, the size of the reflector should be as small as possible to avoid a dominating appearance and a structure that might be restrictive to work.
  • A source of light especially considered for use is a so called LP-type fluorescent lamp.
  • It is known to use PL-lamps for illuminating working areas with a reflector providing an asymmetric distribution of light, cf. e.g. LUXO-PL-410 manufactured by Jac.Jacobsen A/S which, however, brings about shadow effects on the working surface as well as illuminating the area below and behind the lamp too much.
  • One object of the present invention is to avoid the above mentioned disadvantages. This is achieved by the aid of a reflector of the kind mentioned above the characterizing features of which are stated in claim 1.
  • The nominal luminous flux of said lamps is 2000 lm. This quantity of light is, indeed, too large if it is permitted to illuminate the area close to the lamp without restriction.
  • As stated in claim 1, it is, thus, suitable to remove part of the light flow directed stright down under the lamp. According to the invention this is achieved by the fact that the reflector surrounds the rear portion of the light source relatively closely and reflects part of the light flow back onto said portion, so that the luminance of the light source is increased which will result in an increased lighting intensity on the most remote portion of the working area.
  • The portion of the reflector surroundingthe light source may be quite low, 4-6 cm, with a length normal to the light source of 20-30 cm. In order to enlarge the illumination of the light opening in breadth side reflectors may also be provided. Such side reflectors may be curved or inclined so as to increase the light opening area still more.
  • The reflectors are not a continuous hyperbola since it is, as previously known, almost impossible to manufacture reflectors with such accuracy economically. There have been previous efforts to manufacture this reflector from several parallel faces which together formed an approximate hyperbola. As mentioned above in connection with the known lamp this, however resulted in illumination with undesirable striations. In order to avoid such striations reflectors according to the present invention consist of triangular facets. As a consequence of this composition there will be diagonal overlaps in the light pattern removing striations.
  • By providing the portion of the reflector most remote from the light source with a lattice the size of the reflector is substantially shortened and, at the same time, a fairly uniform illumination of the working area is achieved as in case of a corresponding larger reflector without any lattice.
  • The invention shall now be disclosed in more detail with reference to the drawings, where
    • Figure 1 shows a diagrammatical embodiment of the reflector with the source of light, and
    • Figure 2 shows the illumination intensity at a distance from the lamp with various embodiments of the lamp.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatical elevational view in perspective of a lamp with a reflector 1, having a hyperbolic profile with focus 7 at the lower edge of the light source 3. The light source is a so called PL-type fluorescent lamp. The reason for choosing a hyperbola is that the second focus is above said hyperbola resulting in uniform illumination below the hyperbola. As regards the design of the lamp shade per se we ; refer \to the disclosure below.
  • The hyperbola is unambiguously determined by the direction of the axis of the hyperbola as well as its focal lengths.
  • These free parameters are selected so as to let the light opening be fully illuminated in the direction of the middle of the working area as well as its most remote area, cf. Figure 2 showing the working area at a distance from the source of light. Furthermore, the parameters are selected to have illumination decrease toward the point below the front edge 4 of the reflector, and the reflector meets the uppermost arm of the light source somewhat retracted from its highest point. If a (non faceted) hyperbolic shape were selected for the reflector the smallest defect of the reflector or in the arrangement of the light source (focusing) would result in undesirable shadows and accumulations of light in the working area. Furthermore, knuckle lines in the reflector extending in parallel with the light source will cause striations, cf. the previously known model PL 410. Theoretical calculations and experiments, on the other hand, show that if the knuckle line is inclined relative to the longitudinal direction of the light source, cf. Figure 1, striations will be avoided. As shown in Figure 1, the reflector is made from triangular facets for the reason mentioned above.
  • Reflector portion 4, as mentioned above, extends below the source of light to reduce illumination from said source of light to points immediately in front of the lamp. If this extension of the reflector shade ends with a straight line parallel with light source 3 there would be an abrupt change on the tworking surface from darkness to light, and this is undesirable. For this reason the termination of reflector portion 4 in relation to light source 3 is not designed as a straight line, but in a V-shape the source of light being gradually covered outwards towards the edge. However, the light source is at all places covered beyond its central line. Such a gradual covering of the light source ensures illumination without shadows below the working lamp with a-gradual increase of light intensity as shown in Figure 2.
  • The front reflector portion 6 is constructed and calculated on the basis of a parabolic basic form with a cut-off direction of 45°.
  • The front portion 6 of the reflector and the rear portion 8 are joined at point 5 in a valley shape as indicated in Figure 1. This will reduce the efficiency of the lamp somewhat but it also reduces the focal length of the hyperbolic curve with the result that the amount of light at disposal is displaced further away in the working area, cf. the illumination curve in Figure 2 showing the preferred embodiment with curve 1 and with curve 2 showing the illumination of the working area without the special joining of the front and the rear reactor portions and without a louver arrangement.
  • To make the lamp itself shorter the portion of the reflector furthest off the light source is cut off and non-reflecting louver lamellae 2, e.g. painted black,are provided at this portion of the lamp. There may be one or more lamellae 2, but three lamellae 2 proved to be suitable. Said lamellae may be arranged at various angles relative to the perpendicular 9 to the table surface. Angles between 30 and 70° may be used, but the most suitable angle is 56,3°. The foremost portion of the reflector being removed, the lamp may be displaced closer to the working area and the lamp can still be provided at eye level without any hazard of glare.
  • By providing a side mirror in the reflector the intensity of illumination of the working area may be somewhat increased.
  • Measurements showed that parallel side mirrors cause an increase of the intensity of illumination by approximately 10% in the closest portion of the working area, whereas there is a quite small increase of the intensity of illumination in the most remote portion of the working area. Also, there is an insignificant increase immediately adjacent the lamp.
  • If the reflectors were made of a conductive material, this could interfere with the discharge in the PL-lamp. This is probably due to the fact that the discharges in said fluorescent lamp create a magnetic field inducing an eddy current in the material, which in turn creates a magnetic field having an effect on the discharge.
  • To prevent this it would be necessary to place the reflector at a distance of 2 m from the surface of the PL-lamp. In order to prevent such interference furthermore it is to be recommended to make the rear reflector 8 from a non-conductive material. The fact that the reflector is placed at a distance from the PL-lamp as mentioned above will also bring about a certain circulation of air about the PL-lamp preventing said lamp from reaching a temperature beyond the best working temperature. Experiments also showed that the circulation achieved in this manner is sufficient for the fluorescent lamp to emit the greatest possible illumination.
  • Experiments also showed that if the reflector contacts the PL- lamp this causes a cold spot on the fluorescent lamp that will change colour in the long term by condensed mercury. Long- term experiments, however, showed that the above distance is sufficient to prevent such change of colour.

Claims (7)

1. An arrangement in an asymetric lighting device comprising a reflecting hyperbola with a light source placed in its rear portion, characterized in that said reflector (1) encloses and is provided close to the rear portion of the light source (3), and comprises a portion (4) screening the area directly below said light source, and that said reflector (1) is composed of triangular facets (10) having knuckle lines that are inclined in relation to the longitudinal direction of the light source.
2. An arrangement as defined in claim 1,
characterized in that the reflector (1) at the opposite end from said light source (3) is provided with one or more louvre lamellae.
3. An arrangement as defined in claims 1 and 2,
characterized in that said louvre lamellae are inclined with an angle to the perpendicular on the working table, said angle preferably being 56,30.
4. An arrangement as defined in claims 1 - 3,
characterized in that the reflector is placed at a distance from said light source in the range of 1-3 mm, preferably 2 mm.
5. An arrangement as defined in claim 1,
characterized in that the reflector is provided with side mirrors, one at each side of the reflector.
6. An arrangement as defined in claims 1 - 5,
characterized in that said side mirrors are inclined with the smallest opening provided near the light source.
7. An arrangement as defined in claims 1 - 6,
characterized in that the reflector portion (4) below said light source (3) is terminated in the direction of the reflector's working area along a plane perpendicular on the working plane through the center of said light source and that said termination is gradual and not parallel with said light source, preferably in a V-skape.
EP86850137A 1985-04-19 1986-04-16 An arrangement for asymmetric lighting Expired - Lifetime EP0198811B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO851583A NO157836C (en) 1985-04-19 1985-04-19 ASYMMETRIC LIGHTING DEVICE.
NO851583 1985-04-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0198811A2 true EP0198811A2 (en) 1986-10-22
EP0198811A3 EP0198811A3 (en) 1988-09-14
EP0198811B1 EP0198811B1 (en) 1991-07-17

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ID=19888242

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86850137A Expired - Lifetime EP0198811B1 (en) 1985-04-19 1986-04-16 An arrangement for asymmetric lighting

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EP (1) EP0198811B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3680230D1 (en)
DK (1) DK165196C (en)
NO (1) NO157836C (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012049104A3 (en) * 2010-10-11 2012-08-30 Osram Ag Reflector and luminaire comprising the reflector
US8779127B2 (en) 2002-06-20 2014-07-15 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Processes for preparing substituted pyrimidines

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191025371A (en) * 1910-11-01 1911-11-01 Samuel Weeks Maddick Methods of and the Means for the Electric Lighting of Pictures, Works of Art, and the like.
FR747292A (en) * 1932-03-09 1933-06-14 Lumi Or Projector
EP0017146A1 (en) * 1979-03-30 1980-10-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Table lamp for fluorescent tubes
US4379322A (en) * 1981-03-27 1983-04-05 Mcgraw-Edison Company Compound reflector for luminaire
EP0077986A1 (en) * 1981-10-23 1983-05-04 Tekno AG Modular plastics panel for diffusing or reflecting light in photography, cinema, television and for illuminating rooms, and device obtained by the assembly of several of these panels

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191025371A (en) * 1910-11-01 1911-11-01 Samuel Weeks Maddick Methods of and the Means for the Electric Lighting of Pictures, Works of Art, and the like.
FR747292A (en) * 1932-03-09 1933-06-14 Lumi Or Projector
EP0017146A1 (en) * 1979-03-30 1980-10-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Table lamp for fluorescent tubes
US4379322A (en) * 1981-03-27 1983-04-05 Mcgraw-Edison Company Compound reflector for luminaire
EP0077986A1 (en) * 1981-10-23 1983-05-04 Tekno AG Modular plastics panel for diffusing or reflecting light in photography, cinema, television and for illuminating rooms, and device obtained by the assembly of several of these panels

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8779127B2 (en) 2002-06-20 2014-07-15 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Processes for preparing substituted pyrimidines
WO2012049104A3 (en) * 2010-10-11 2012-08-30 Osram Ag Reflector and luminaire comprising the reflector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK165196C (en) 1993-03-15
NO157836B (en) 1988-02-15
DK180286D0 (en) 1986-04-18
DK180286A (en) 1986-10-20
DE3680230D1 (en) 1991-08-22
NO157836C (en) 1988-05-25
EP0198811A3 (en) 1988-09-14
NO851583L (en) 1986-10-20
EP0198811B1 (en) 1991-07-17
DK165196B (en) 1992-10-19

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