EP0188160B1 - Enteisungsanlage für eine Flügelstruktur - Google Patents

Enteisungsanlage für eine Flügelstruktur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0188160B1
EP0188160B1 EP85402600A EP85402600A EP0188160B1 EP 0188160 B1 EP0188160 B1 EP 0188160B1 EP 85402600 A EP85402600 A EP 85402600A EP 85402600 A EP85402600 A EP 85402600A EP 0188160 B1 EP0188160 B1 EP 0188160B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tape
fibres
conductive
ribbon
electrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85402600A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0188160A1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Barbier
Alain Cohendy
Rémy Reynet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Group SAS
Original Assignee
Airbus Group SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Group SAS filed Critical Airbus Group SAS
Publication of EP0188160A1 publication Critical patent/EP0188160A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0188160B1 publication Critical patent/EP0188160B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/007—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple electrically connected resistive elements or resistive zones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/02—Heaters specially designed for de-icing or protection against icing

Definitions

  • the technique then evolved on the "heating panels" side, that is to say the placing of plates or mats of a fibrous composite structure in which conductive fibers are dispersed (whether boron or carbon) .
  • the supply of electric current to pass through the fibers is carried out by the connection of wires to a metal frame attached to the edge of the panel and kept in contact with the fibers or to a metal deposit, produced by vaporization or by electrolytic means, at the ends of the panel containing the fibers.
  • these devices have a major defect with regard to the necessary electrical contacts between the fibers and the supply wires.
  • the resins used in the composite materials have a fairly average adhesive power, so that detachments of the metallic foils can distribute the current to the fibers.
  • the improvement in bonding leads to an increase in the resistance of the contact points resulting in very localized overheating degrading adhesive and resin and therefore to weakening of the mechanical connection and rupture of the electrical connection.
  • the extra thicknesses which exist at the points of the electrical connections are detrimental to the respect of the aerodynamic profile of the airfoil and constitute a hindrance to the correct positioning of the shielding structures and of protection of the leading edges against shocks and the erosion.
  • the present invention intends to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a deicing device in which the heating element or elements are integrated without altering the resistance of the leading edge of the airfoil, and are connected to the supply wires in an extremely stable without constituting critical points both from the electrical point of view and from the mechanical point of view.
  • the device is also obtained by a simple manufacturing process which allows it to be easily adapted to the wing or blade profile to be fitted or even to be integrated therein at the same time of the manufacture of the wing or the blade.
  • the invention therefore has as its first object an element with electrical resistance forming part of a device for deicing a wing structure such as the wing of an airplane or the blades of a helicopter comprising conductive fibers. drowned in a composite fiber structure and supply wires electrically connected to said conductive fibers.
  • the conductive fibers are carbon fibers in the form of at least one ribbon in which the fibers are oriented longitudinally, prepreg of resin and of which at least one end is subject in a deformable tubular element with metallic meshes ensuring the electrical connection by contact with said strip and by welding or crimping with the corresponding supply wire.
  • a second object of the invention resides in a de-icing device comprising at least one of the aforementioned elements and which consists of a length, determined as a function of the resistance to be obtained from the above-mentioned carbon fiber ribbon, including the part tape covered by said tubular element, disposed between at least two layers of a composite material so as to form a heating mat.
  • the aforementioned element may consist of at least two sections of parallel and side by side ribbon arranged on either side of an intermediate layer of composite material and connected in series by one of their ends to the by means of a section of ribbon overlapping said ends not covered by said intermediate layer.
  • a third object of the invention is the method for producing the above defrosting device in which the heating mat is formed flat and then is placed between a form and a counterform where it is polymerized under pressure to obtain the profile. the leading edge of the wing structure to be fitted.
  • an element 1 resistant from the electrical point of view, consisting of a ribbon 2 of carbon fibers oriented parallel to the longitudinal dimension of the ribbon, and prepreg d '' a resin capable of being polymerized and hardened. It will be noted that for a section of 3 square millimeters the section of pure carbon is, in a ribbon used of the order of 1.9 mm2.
  • One end 2a of the tape is covered with a tubular element 3 consisting knitted by knitting a suitable wire. To this knit is soldered to tin a supply wire 4 in an area where the sleeve is gathered around the wire and / or in an area of the sleeve covering both the ribbon and one end of the wire which is introduced therein.
  • FIG. 2 shows that in order to produce a defrosting device with the above-mentioned element 1, an element 6 such as that on an insulating base substrate 5 (for example glass fabric preferably prepreg) is provided, 1 aforesaid which is constituted by three sections 6a, 6b, 6c ribbon of carbon fibers that form an electrical resistance of a value which will depend, for a given section of the ribbon, of the total length of the element 6.
  • the free ends of the sections 6a and 6c are fitted with tubular knits soldered in tin to the connection wires 7a 7b.
  • a second protective layer 8 identical to layer 5 covers the latter and the element 6 which it carries.
  • the mat thus formed can be polymerized under pressure between a shape and a counter-shape reproducing the profile of the wing on which the device will be docked. Care will have been taken to place the substrates 5 and 8 so that they completely cover the ends of the sections 6 a and 6 b sheathed with the knitted sleeve so that only the conductors 7 a and 7 b are located outside of the together.
  • the pressure applied during the polymerization makes it possible on the one hand to firmly anchor the sleeves in the resin of the ribbon and on the other hand to ensure intimate contact between the two substrates 5 and 8 in the area between the two sections 6 a 6 c creating effective isolation from one with respect to the other.
  • Figures 3 to 10 illustrate the constitution of a defrosting device intended to be supplied with three-phase current.
  • a support substrate 9 similar to that 5 in FIG. 2, three sections 10 of ribbon of prepreg carbon fibers are placed parallel and regularly spaced from each other by a distance at least equal to the width of the ribbon.
  • a section of overlapping ribbon 11 one of their three ends constitutes the common of the triangle mounting of the three resistors that the device will include.
  • An intermediate layer 12 also made of preferably pre-impregnated glass fabric is then placed on the sections 10 and 11 so as to leave the ends 10 has sections 10.
  • the defrosting device made in a very simple manner flat can then be polymerized under pressure into a suitable mold. It can also be incorporated into the very mold for constituting the wing structure (airplane wing or helicopter blade) itself made of composite material. In the latter case, we will have chosen substrates 9, 12 and 17 of the same kind as those which are used for the constitution of the wings or blades.
  • the invention finds an interesting application in the field of aeronautics.

Claims (3)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Enteisung einer Flügelstruktur wie eine Flugzeugtragfläche oder die Rotorblätter eines Helikopters, die ein elektrisches Widerstandselement (1) mit leitenden Karbonfasern enthält, die in einer Kompositstruktur aus Fasern und Kunstharz zwischen mindestens zwei Kissen (5, 8) aus vorimprägnierten Fasern eingelassen sind, die eine elektrische Isolierung in der Art einer Heizmatte und elektrisch mit den leitenden Fasern verbundene Versorgungsleitungen bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die leitenden Fasern die Form mindestens eines Bandes (2) aufweisen, in dem die Fasern längsgerichtet und mit Harz vorimprägniert sind, und daß mindestens ein Ende desselben in einem rohrförmigen und deformierbaren Element (3) mit metallischen Maschen eingebunden ist, das die elektrische Verbindung mit dem Band durch Kontakt und mit der zugeordneten Versorgungsleitung (4) durch eine Verschweißung oder Verlötung herstellt.
  2. Vorrichtung zur Enteisung, die durch mindestens ein Element nach Anspruch 1 realisiert ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieses mit einer Länge (6a, 6b, 6c) gebildet ist, die in Abhängigkeit des zu erreichenden Widerstandes des Bandes aus leitenden Fasern bestimmt wird, wobei der Teil des Bandes, der durch das rohrförmige Element abgedeckt ist, mit in die Länge eingezogen wird.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Element aus mindestens zwei Bandsträngen (10, 13) gebildet ist, die parallel zueinander und Seite an Seite und beidseits einer Zwischenschicht (12) aus einem isolierenden Kompositmaterial angeordnet und mit einem ihrer Enden mit Hilfe eines Bandstückes (14) in Reihe geschaltet sind, das die von der Zwischenschicht (12) nicht abgedeckten Enden übergreift.
EP85402600A 1984-12-26 1985-12-23 Enteisungsanlage für eine Flügelstruktur Expired - Lifetime EP0188160B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8419801A FR2578377B1 (fr) 1984-12-26 1984-12-26 Element chauffant de dispositif de degivrage d'une structure alaire, dispositif et son procede d'obtention
FR8419801 1984-12-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0188160A1 EP0188160A1 (de) 1986-07-23
EP0188160B1 true EP0188160B1 (de) 1991-06-05

Family

ID=9310966

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85402600A Expired - Lifetime EP0188160B1 (de) 1984-12-26 1985-12-23 Enteisungsanlage für eine Flügelstruktur

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4737618A (de)
EP (1) EP0188160B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0747400B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1258481A (de)
DE (1) DE3583133D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2578377B1 (de)
IN (1) IN165810B (de)

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US2884509A (en) * 1957-03-05 1959-04-28 Electrofilm Inc Heating element containing a conductive mesh
DE1254264B (de) * 1958-04-24 1967-11-16 Goodrich Co B F Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines geschichteten elektrischen Heizkoerpers von plattenfoermiger Gestalt
GB926025A (en) * 1960-11-18 1963-05-15 Dowty Rotol Ltd Electrical de-icing devices
US3146340A (en) * 1961-08-21 1964-08-25 Baird Atomic Inc Heating devices
GB1115023A (en) * 1964-09-05 1968-05-22 M H Godden Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrical resistance heating mats
SU197708A1 (ru) * 1966-03-23 1973-01-08 ВСЕСОЮЗНАЯ IШ.-уул -•'УУк''ГГ<(.?>&'?3! tHihl^it-Abfr:'.- EUi.'tiБ^'-|€:ЛИО^ТКА (ТЕРЛ10
JPS513097B1 (de) * 1970-09-21 1976-01-31
JPS5110892B2 (de) * 1972-04-06 1976-04-07
DE2307640A1 (de) * 1973-02-16 1974-08-22 Presswerk Koengen Gmbh Heizbarer schichtstoffpresskoerper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
FR2356336A1 (fr) * 1976-06-25 1978-01-20 Licentia Gmbh Element chauffant a resistance electrique destine a etre utilise notamment sur des profiles d'avions ou sur des pales de rotors d'helicopteres
US4301356A (en) * 1978-03-09 1981-11-17 Sekisui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heating unit and method for production thereof
DE2928293C2 (de) * 1979-07-13 1986-08-07 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Verfahren zum Gewebeimprägnieren durch Harzinjektion
DE3015998C2 (de) * 1980-04-25 1983-05-19 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Anordnung zur Beheizung großflächiger Laminatformkörper

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2578377A1 (fr) 1986-09-05
FR2578377B1 (fr) 1988-07-01
US4737618A (en) 1988-04-12
IN165810B (de) 1990-01-13
JPS61157495A (ja) 1986-07-17
JPH0747400B2 (ja) 1995-05-24
CA1258481A (fr) 1989-08-15
DE3583133D1 (de) 1991-07-11
EP0188160A1 (de) 1986-07-23

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