EP0185713B1 - Method and device for modifying the cross-section of a gallery, a tunnel or the like - Google Patents

Method and device for modifying the cross-section of a gallery, a tunnel or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0185713B1
EP0185713B1 EP85902960A EP85902960A EP0185713B1 EP 0185713 B1 EP0185713 B1 EP 0185713B1 EP 85902960 A EP85902960 A EP 85902960A EP 85902960 A EP85902960 A EP 85902960A EP 0185713 B1 EP0185713 B1 EP 0185713B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gallery
drilling head
profile
supporting frame
bearing housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85902960A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0185713A1 (en
Inventor
Georg Hurtz
Willi Steufmehl
Wolfgang Krappen
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Mhwirth GmbH
Original Assignee
Wirth Maschinen und Bohrgeraete Fabrik GmbH
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Priority to AT85902960T priority Critical patent/ATE34598T1/en
Publication of EP0185713A1 publication Critical patent/EP0185713A1/en
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Publication of EP0185713B1 publication Critical patent/EP0185713B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1006—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C27/00—Machines which completely free the mineral from the seam
    • E21C27/20—Mineral freed by means not involving slitting
    • E21C27/22—Mineral freed by means not involving slitting by rotary drills with breaking-down means, e.g. wedge-shaped drills, i.e. the rotary axis of the tool carrier being substantially perpendicular to the working face, e.g. MARIETTA-type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for modifying a cross-sectional profile, in particular a circular profile, a tunnel, a tunnel, a route or the like by expanding the profile in parts of the same by means of a tool which can be driven in rotation, and is directed to a method which is particularly suitable for carrying out the method Device for processing the boundary of a tunnel, tunnel, route or the like according to the preamble of claim 2.
  • Tunneling machines are known in which tools, for. B. are arranged on radially adjustable arms, or machines that have parallel to a main drill head, in the same direction facing smaller drill heads to work out additional profile areas.
  • a tunnel boring machine according to document DE-A-3 121 244 can be mentioned as an example.
  • This has a full-cut head, which is mounted in the subsequent machine with knife blade and can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the machine. Between the full cutting head and the walking mechanism there is an aggregate for widening the tunnel cross section with at least one removal roller which can be rotated about an axis parallel to the machine longitudinal direction.
  • the removal roller is attached to the free end of an articulated arm which can be pivoted about an axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the machine. As a result, the removal roller can be adjusted from a rest position lying within the cross-section of the full-cutting head to working positions lying outside the cross-section of the full-cutting head.
  • Feed forces must normally always be introduced into the track joint or the tunnel wall via the bracing elements of the machine, i.e. with a deflection of 90 °.
  • the object of the invention is to demonstrate an advantageous possibility for modifying a given profile of a route, a tunnel or the like in a manner which meets numerous needs.
  • a circular profile should be able to be changed subsequently so that an essentially arcuate profile or a profile results approximately in the form of an inverted U.
  • the invention also intends to provide a device which is not very complex, with which the cross-sectional profiles of sections, tunnels or the like, in particular circular cross-sections, can be expanded in a simple manner and which enables the reaction forces to be introduced cheaply into the mountains. Further problems connected with all of this, with which the invention is concerned, result from the respective explanation of the solution shown.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that a sequence of individual depressions running in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel is worked into the tunnel wall with at least one drill head or similar tool unit, the drill head in each case having a feed movement in the direction of its axis of rotation and transverse to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, in particular perpendicularly or in essentially perpendicular to the stud wall or to a tangent to the stud profile, and the recesses are worked overlapping each other.
  • a device for processing the boundary of a tunnel, tunnel or the like is characterized according to the invention in that the drill head is equipped with tool elements on the end face and when working with them The end face of the stud wall is turned and that the working movement of the drill head which can be carried out by means of the feed device is directed towards the stud wall in the direction of its axis of rotation and transversely to the longitudinal direction of the stud.
  • the method allows a cross-sectional profile to be modified in a simple and practical manner.
  • the device is uncomplicated in its construction and its mode of operation.
  • the method and the device are particularly characterized by favorable force ratios when working.
  • the tool elements of the drill head can be of different types, as is best suited to the circumstances, in particular the type of rock.
  • Roller chisels _ or Cutting rollers e.g. B. with teeth, warts, discs, etc., or knives or other cutting tools.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 (in FIG. 2 some parts are shown in a different position for the sake of clarity or omitted with respect to FIG. 1) has a support frame, designated overall by the number 1, in which a cross member 3 of Plates 2 and only in Fig. 1 recognizable profile beams 4 is held.
  • the plates 2 are connected to supports 5, two of which are connected to each other at the lower ends by a skid 6.
  • the number 7 denotes cross struts between the supports 5.
  • Such a frame can therefore rest with the runners 6 in the sole region of a gallery S.
  • the tunnel S originally has a circular profile in cross section, as is created by driving up with a full-cut tunneling machine, tunnel boring machine or the like.
  • two bracing cylinders 8 are accommodated, the piston rods 9 of which are connected in an articulated manner to rear lugs 10a of tensioning plates 10 which are guided in the crossmember.
  • the clamping plates 10 can thus be pressed against the wall of the gallery, so that the device is thereby clamped in the gallery.
  • the presence of two clamping cylinders 8 offers more possibilities and also allows the device to be set out from the center.
  • the numbers 11 R and 11 L denote right and left bearing housings. Each of these contains the main bearing for a drill head 12 and at the same time forms a gear housing with drive motors 13 flanged thereon, which can be hydraulic motors or also electric motors. The energy supply and possibly control lines are not shown. Each drill head 12 can be driven at a speed suitable for the respective case. Its axis of rotation is labeled with the letter D.
  • Each bearing housing 11 R and 11 L is suspended on two pivot arms 14 which are articulated in a journal bearing 15.
  • the journal bearings 15, around the center of which the bearing housing 11 can pivot around 11 L with the drill heads 12, are located on the rear sides of the clamping plates 10, in each case in the upper part thereof.
  • a piston rod 18 is articulated on a journal bearing 17 accommodated by two connecting plates 16 on the right bearing housing 11R, the end of which has an articulated cylinder 19 in a journal bearing 20 which is located in the lower part of the tensioning plate 10 opposite the bearing housing 11R.
  • the left bearing housing 11 L has two pairs of connecting plates 26 with journal bearings 27 for the ends of two piston rods 28, the ends of whose cylinders 29 are held in journal bearings 30 which are located in the lower part of the opposite tension plate 10.
  • Each of the piston-cylinder units 18, 19 and 28, 29 is double-acting. It is expedient to use hydraulic cylinders. Their pressure medium connections are not shown.
  • the right bearing housing 11 R can be pivoted with the swivel arms 14 about the articulation point 15 and thereby z. B. from a rest position shown in FIG. 1 with thin lines into a working position drawn with strong lines and vice versa.
  • the cylinders 19 and 29 are dimensioned such that the same force as with the cylinder 19 can be applied with the two cylinders 29.
  • the use of two cylinders for one of the two bearing housings has the advantage of symmetry.
  • the drill heads 12 are not only placed against the stud wall from a rest position, but with them the feed movement of the drill heads 12 is also effected during work, the amount of the feed force being selected by appropriate selection of the pressure of the cylinders 19 and 29 pressure medium supplied can be adjusted.
  • the 'reaction force is introduced directly into the mountains via the pivot joints 20 and 30 and the tensioning plates 10. This is a special advantage. So there is no need to redirect the force as is otherwise necessary.
  • a modified embodiment in the context of the invention is that the ends of the feed cylinders 19 and 29 do not act directly on the tensioning plates 10, but are articulated at suitable points on the cross member 3.
  • the force is introduced in a favorable way into the mountains, but then the tensioning cylinders 8 must also transmit the feed forces.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates working according to the method according to the invention, as is possible, inter alia, with a device of the type explained above.
  • a first depression V1 is drilled into the tunnel wall by means of the drill head. which are in plan view as in Fig. 3 and in section z. B. as shown in Fig. 1. Then the relevant drill head is withdrawn and with the the device carrying it is moved further in the longitudinal direction L of the tunnel by an amount which can be selected according to the circumstances, whereupon the next depression V2 (FIG. 3) is drilled.
  • the diameter of the drill head or its working area can also be selected according to the respective requirements. In particular, it can be in the range of approximately 40% to 80% of the radius of an originally circular stud profile. In many cases, a range of about 50 to 60% is advantageous.
  • a device of the type shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be moved in various ways after the tension has been released.
  • the device can be retightened with a traction device, whereby it slides on the runners 6, it can be attached to a tunneling machine, in particular with one or more secondary wood cylinders in the connection, but it can also be part of a tunneling machine.
  • the supporting structure with the columns 5 and the struts 6 has practically only one function in the implementation shown. It then takes over the weight of the device. When working, the forces from the traverse can be absorbed with the bracing.
  • the supporting structure is designed so that in the lower area, as with a portal, there is a free space which can also serve as a passage, for example in order to reach a tunneling machine located in front of the device in the tunnel.
  • a device of the type according to the invention can in particular be attached directly behind a drilling head, namely behind an extension drilling head, the machine body of which is located in a pilot hole.
  • An extension in the gallery or in the route can then be placed immediately behind the device, without the need for intermediate safety measures.
  • Such a shield without any other protective cover can be on the device itself or on a part adjacent to it, e.g. B. od on a follower following her or the like.
  • a crossbeam 33 with hydraulically extendable tensioning plates 10 at the ends is held by a support frame (carrier 44) and is designed on both sides as a guide 32 for bearing and gearbox housings 31 L and 31 R which can be displaced longitudinally thereon.
  • Drive motors are designated with the number 13.
  • the positioning and advancing movement is generated by piston-cylinder units 38 which extend between the housings 31 R and 31 L, the cylinders 39 of which are connected at their ends to form a unit and whose piston rods 34 are connected by pivot joints 35 on the housings 31 R and 31 L.
  • piston-cylinder units 38 which extend between the housings 31 R and 31 L, the cylinders 39 of which are connected at their ends to form a unit and whose piston rods 34 are connected by pivot joints 35 on the housings 31 R and 31 L.
  • Such double units 38 are expediently provided on each side of the two housings.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

To modify a given profile of a gallery of the like, particularly a circular profile so as to give it the shape of a vault, a succession of deepenings are drilled in the longitudinal direction of the gallery into the wall by means of a drilling head (12) which is first displaced perpendicularly to the direction of the gallery. The deepenings are made in such a way that they overlap each other. A device for implementing such method comprises a feed device (18, 19, 28, 29) for moving in the direction of the gallery wall a drilling head (12) provided at its front end with tools.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Modifizieren eines Querschnittsprofils, insbesondere Kreisprofils, eines Stollens, Tunnels, einer Strecke od. dgl. durch Erweitern des Profils in Teilbereichen desselben mittels drehend antreibbaren Werkzeuges, und sie richtet sich auf eine insbesondere zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignete Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten der Begrenzung eines Stollens, Tunnels, einer Strecke od. dgl. gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 2.The invention relates to a method for modifying a cross-sectional profile, in particular a circular profile, a tunnel, a tunnel, a route or the like by expanding the profile in parts of the same by means of a tool which can be driven in rotation, and is directed to a method which is particularly suitable for carrying out the method Device for processing the boundary of a tunnel, tunnel, route or the like according to the preamble of claim 2.

In zahlreichen Fällen besteht der Wunsch oder die Notwendigkeit, ein zunächst vorhandenes Querschnittsprofil einer Strecke od. dgl. nachträglich noch zu ändern, um zu einem endgültigen Profil zu gelangen, das bestimmten Forderungen gerecht wird. Dies trifft besonders bei Strecken od. dgl. zu, die einen Kreisquerschnitt haben, wie er vielfach durch die Art des Vortriebs, namentlich durch Auffahren mittels einer Vollschnitt-Vortriebsmaschine, entsteht, während als endgültiges' Profil etwa eine Hufeisen-Form gewünscht wird, wie es z. B. für Bahn- oder Straßentunnel in Betracht kommt.In numerous cases there is a desire or necessity to subsequently change an existing cross-sectional profile of a route or the like in order to arrive at a final profile that meets certain requirements. This is particularly true for routes or the like that have a circular cross section, such as is often created by the type of tunneling, especially by driving up with a full-section tunneling machine, while a horseshoe shape is desired as the final profile, such as it z. B. comes into consideration for rail or road tunnels.

Es sind Vortriebsmaschinen bekannt, bei denen Werkzeuge z. B. an radial verstellbaren Armen angeordnet sind, oder Maschinen, die parallel zu einem Hauptbohrkopf angeordnete, in die gleiche Richtung weisende kleinere Bohrköpfe aufweisen, um zusätzliche Profilbereiche auszuarbeiten. Als Beispiel kann eine Tunnelvortriebsmaschine nach dem Dokument DE-A-3 121 244 genannt werden. Diese weist einen Vollschnittkopf auf, der in Maschinenlängsrichtung verschiebbar in einem nachfolgenden Schreitwerk mit Messerschild gelagert ist. Zwischen dem Vollschnittkopf und dem Schreitwerk befindet sich ein Aggregat zum Aufweiten des Tunnelquerschnitts mit wenigstens einer Abbauwalze, die um eine zur Maschinenlängsrichtung parallele Achse drehbar ist. Die Abbauwalze ist am freien Ende eines Gelenkarmes befestigt, der um eine zur Maschinenlängsrichtung parallele Achse verschwenkbar ist. Dadurch kann die Abbauwalze aus einer innerhalb des Querschnittes des Vollschnittkopfes liegenden Ruhestellung in außerhalb des Querschnittes des Vollschnittkopfes liegende Arbeitsstellungen verstellt werden.Tunneling machines are known in which tools, for. B. are arranged on radially adjustable arms, or machines that have parallel to a main drill head, in the same direction facing smaller drill heads to work out additional profile areas. A tunnel boring machine according to document DE-A-3 121 244 can be mentioned as an example. This has a full-cut head, which is mounted in the subsequent machine with knife blade and can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the machine. Between the full cutting head and the walking mechanism there is an aggregate for widening the tunnel cross section with at least one removal roller which can be rotated about an axis parallel to the machine longitudinal direction. The removal roller is attached to the free end of an articulated arm which can be pivoted about an axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the machine. As a result, the removal roller can be adjusted from a rest position lying within the cross-section of the full-cutting head to working positions lying outside the cross-section of the full-cutting head.

Abgesehen davon, daß bekannte Einrichtungen der erläuterten Art oft sehr aufwendig sind, bestehen meist auch ungünstige Kraftverhältnisse. Vorschubkräfte müssen normalerweise immer über die Verspannelemente der Maschine in den Streckenstoß oder die Stollenwandung eingeleitet werden, also unter Umlenkung um 90°.In addition to the fact that known devices of the type described are often very complex, there are usually also unfavorable power relationships. Feed forces must normally always be introduced into the track joint or the tunnel wall via the bracing elements of the machine, i.e. with a deflection of 90 °.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine vorteilhafte Möglichkeit aufzuzeigen, um ein gegebenes Profil einer Strecke, eines Stollens od. dgl. in einer Weise zu modifizieren, die zahlreichen bedarfsfällen gerecht wird. Insbesondere soll ein Kreisprofil nachträglich so geändert werden können, daß sich ein im wesentlichen bogenförmiges Profil oder ein Profil etwa in Form eines umgekehrten U ergibt. Außer einem Verfahren dazu-will die Erfindung auch eine Vorrichtung angeben, die wenig aufwendig ist, mit der Querschnittsprofile von Strecken, Stollen od. dgl., insbesondere Kreisquerschnitte, in einfacher Weise aufweitbar sind und die ein günstiges Einleiten der Reaktionskräfte in das Gebirge ermöglicht. Weitere mit alledem zusammenhängende Probleme, mit denen sich die Erfindung befaßt, ergeben sich aus der jeweiligen Erlauterung der aufgezeigten Lösung.The object of the invention is to demonstrate an advantageous possibility for modifying a given profile of a route, a tunnel or the like in a manner which meets numerous needs. In particular, a circular profile should be able to be changed subsequently so that an essentially arcuate profile or a profile results approximately in the form of an inverted U. In addition to a method for this, the invention also intends to provide a device which is not very complex, with which the cross-sectional profiles of sections, tunnels or the like, in particular circular cross-sections, can be expanded in a simple manner and which enables the reaction forces to be introduced cheaply into the mountains. Further problems connected with all of this, with which the invention is concerned, result from the respective explanation of the solution shown.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kennzeichnet sich dadurch, daß mit wenigstens einem Bohrkopf oder ähnlichen Werkzeugaggregat eine in Stollenlängsrichtung verlaufende Folge von einzelnen Vertiefungen in die Stollenwandung eingearbeitet wird, wobei dem Bohrkopf jeweils eine Vorschubbewegung in Richtung seiner Drehachse und quer zur Längsrichtung des Stollens, insbesondere lotrecht oder im wesentlichen lotrecht zur Stollenwandung bzw. zu einer Tangente an das Stollenprofil, erteilt wird und wobei die Vertiefungen einander überschneidend eingearbeitet werden.The method according to the invention is characterized in that a sequence of individual depressions running in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel is worked into the tunnel wall with at least one drill head or similar tool unit, the drill head in each case having a feed movement in the direction of its axis of rotation and transverse to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, in particular perpendicularly or in essentially perpendicular to the stud wall or to a tangent to the stud profile, and the recesses are worked overlapping each other.

Eine Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten der Begrenzung eines Tunnels, Stollens od. dgl. gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 2, insbesondere eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des angegebenen Verfahrens, kennzeichnet sich gemäß der Erfindung dadurch, daß der Bohrkopf stirnseitig, mit Werkzeugelementen bestückt und beim Arbeiten mit dieser Stirnseite der Stollenwandung zugekehrt ist und daß die mittels der Vorschubeinrichtung durchführbare Arbeitsbewegung des Bohrkopfes in Richtung seiner Drehachse und quer zur Längsrichtung des Stollens auf die Stollenwandung gerichtet ist.A device for processing the boundary of a tunnel, tunnel or the like. According to the preamble of claim 2, in particular a device for performing the specified method, is characterized according to the invention in that the drill head is equipped with tool elements on the end face and when working with them The end face of the stud wall is turned and that the working movement of the drill head which can be carried out by means of the feed device is directed towards the stud wall in the direction of its axis of rotation and transversely to the longitudinal direction of the stud.

Das Verfahren gestattet das Modifizieren eines Querschnittsprofils in einer einfachen und praxisgerechten Weise. Die Vorrichtung ist unkompliziert in ihrem Aufbau und ihrer Arbeitsweise. Das Verfahren und die Vorrichtung zeichnen sich bei alledem besonders durch günstige Kraftverhältnisse beim Arbeiten aus.The method allows a cross-sectional profile to be modified in a simple and practical manner. The device is uncomplicated in its construction and its mode of operation. The method and the device are particularly characterized by favorable force ratios when working.

Die Werkzeugelemente des Bohrkopfes können unterschiedlicher Art sein, so wie es jeweils den Umständen, namentlich der Art des Gebirges, am besten entspricht. Es können Rollenmeißel _bzw. Schneidrollen, z. B. mit Zähnen, Warzen, Disken usw., oder auch Messer oder andere schneidende Werkzeuge vorgesehen sein.The tool elements of the drill head can be of different types, as is best suited to the circumstances, in particular the type of rock. Roller chisels _ or Cutting rollers, e.g. B. with teeth, warts, discs, etc., or knives or other cutting tools.

Wenn in der Beschreibung und in den Ansprüchen von « Stollen gesprochen wird, so sollen darunter auch Tunnel, Strecken und sonstige entsprechende oder ähnliche Räume verstanden werden, bei denen die Erfindung in Betracht kommen kann. Es ist somit durch solche Ausdrücke keine Beschränkung gegeben.If one speaks in the description and in the claims of "tunnels", this should also be understood to mean tunnels, routes and other corresponding or similar spaces in which the invention can be considered. There is thus no limitation to such expressions.

Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachstehenden Erläuterung von Ausführungsbeispielen, aus der zugehörigen Zeichnung und aus den Ansprüchen. Es zeigen :

  • Fig. 1 eine Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Ansicht in Betriebsposition in einem Stollen,
  • Fig. 2 ein Schnitt nach der Linie II - 11 in Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung zur Veranschaulichung des Verfahrens,
  • Fig. 4 eine andere Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Ansicht vor dem Einsatz und
  • Fig. 5 die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 4 nach dem Herstellen von Vertiefungen.
Further details, features and advantages of the invention result from the following explanation of exemplary embodiments, from the associated drawing and from the claims chen. Show it :
  • 1 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention in a view in the operating position in a gallery,
  • 2 shows a section along the line II-11 in FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a schematic illustration to illustrate the method,
  • Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the device according to the invention in view before use and
  • 5 shows the device according to FIG. 4 after the production of depressions.

Die in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellte Vorrichtung (in Fig. 2 sind der Deutlichkeit halber einige Teile in abweichender Lage wiedergegeben bzw. gegenüber Fig. 1 fortgelassen) weist einen insgesamt mit der Ziffer 1 bezeichneten Tragrahmen auf, bei dem eine Traverse 3 von Platten 2 und nur in Fig. 1 erkennbaren Profilträgern 4 gehalten ist. Die Platten 2 sind mit Stützen 5 verbunden, von denen jeweils zwei durch eine Kufe 6 miteinander an den unteren Enden verbunden sind. Mit der Ziffer 7 sind Querstreben zwischen den Stützen 5 bezeichnet. Ein solches Gestell kann daher mit den Kufen 6 im Sohlenbereich eines Stollens S aufruhen.The device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 (in FIG. 2 some parts are shown in a different position for the sake of clarity or omitted with respect to FIG. 1) has a support frame, designated overall by the number 1, in which a cross member 3 of Plates 2 and only in Fig. 1 recognizable profile beams 4 is held. The plates 2 are connected to supports 5, two of which are connected to each other at the lower ends by a skid 6. The number 7 denotes cross struts between the supports 5. Such a frame can therefore rest with the runners 6 in the sole region of a gallery S.

Der Stollen S hat ursprünglich im Querschnitt ein Kreisprofil, wie es durch Auffahren mit einer Vollschnitt-Vortriebsmaschine, Tunnelbohrmaschine od. dgl. entsteht.The tunnel S originally has a circular profile in cross section, as is created by driving up with a full-cut tunneling machine, tunnel boring machine or the like.

In der Traverse 3 sind zwei Verspannzylinder 8 untergebracht, deren Kolbenstangen 9 gelenkig mit in der Traverse geführten rückwärtigen Ansätzen 10a von Spannschilden 10 verbunden sind. Durch Ausfahren der Kolbenstange 9 aus den Zylindern 8 können somit die Spannschilde 10 gegen die Wandung des Stollens gepreßt werden, so daß die Vorrichtung dadurch im Stollen verspannt ist. Es ist auch möglich, nur an einer Seite einen Spannzylinder vorzusehen und den Spannschild an der anderen Seite fest anzuordnen. Das Vorhandensein zweier Spannzylinder 8 bietet jedoch mehr Möglichkeiten und gestattet es auch, die Vorrichtung aus der Mitte herauszusetzen.In the crossmember 3, two bracing cylinders 8 are accommodated, the piston rods 9 of which are connected in an articulated manner to rear lugs 10a of tensioning plates 10 which are guided in the crossmember. By extending the piston rod 9 from the cylinders 8, the clamping plates 10 can thus be pressed against the wall of the gallery, so that the device is thereby clamped in the gallery. It is also possible to provide a clamping cylinder on only one side and to arrange the clamping plate firmly on the other side. However, the presence of two clamping cylinders 8 offers more possibilities and also allows the device to be set out from the center.

Mit den Ziffern 11 R und 11 L sind ein rechtes und ein linkes Lagergehäuse bezeichnet. Jedes derselben enthält die Hauptlagerung für einen Bohrkopf 12 und bildet zugleich ein Getriebegehäuse mit daran angeflanschten Antriebsmotoren 13, wobei es sich um hydraulische Motoren oder auch um Elektromotoren handeln kann. Die Energiezufuhr und ggfs. Steuerleitungen sind nicht dargestellt. Jeder Bohrkopf 12 kann mit einer für den jeweiligen Fall geeigneten Drehzahl angetrieben werden. Seine Drehachse ist jeweils mit dem Buchstaben D bezeichnet.The numbers 11 R and 11 L denote right and left bearing housings. Each of these contains the main bearing for a drill head 12 and at the same time forms a gear housing with drive motors 13 flanged thereon, which can be hydraulic motors or also electric motors. The energy supply and possibly control lines are not shown. Each drill head 12 can be driven at a speed suitable for the respective case. Its axis of rotation is labeled with the letter D.

Jedes Lagergehäuse 11 R und 11 L ist an zwei Schwenkarmen 14 aufgehängt, die in einem Zapfenlager 15 gelenkig gehalten sind. Die Zapfenlager 15, um deren Mitte somit die Lagergehäuse 11 Rund 11 L mit den Bohrköpfen 12 schwenken können, befinden sich an den Rückseiten der Spannschilde 10, und zwar jeweils in deren oberem Teil.Each bearing housing 11 R and 11 L is suspended on two pivot arms 14 which are articulated in a journal bearing 15. The journal bearings 15, around the center of which the bearing housing 11 can pivot around 11 L with the drill heads 12, are located on the rear sides of the clamping plates 10, in each case in the upper part thereof.

An einem von zwei Anschlußblechen 16 aufgenommenen Zapfenlager 17 am rechten Lagergehäuse 11R ist das Ende einer Kolbenstange 18 angelenkt, deren Zylinder 19 mit seinem Ende gelenkig in einem Zapfenlager 20 gehalten ist, das sich im unteren Teil des dem Lagergehäuse 11R entgegengesetzten Spannschildes 10 befindet.The end of a piston rod 18 is articulated on a journal bearing 17 accommodated by two connecting plates 16 on the right bearing housing 11R, the end of which has an articulated cylinder 19 in a journal bearing 20 which is located in the lower part of the tensioning plate 10 opposite the bearing housing 11R.

Das linke Lagergehäuse 11 L weist zwei Paare von Anschlußblechen 26 mit Zapfenlagern 27 für die Enden zweier Kolbenstangen 28 auf, deren Zylinder 29 mit ihren Enden in Zapfenlagern 30 gehalten sind, die sich im unteren Teil des gegenüberliegenden Spannschildes 10 befinden.The left bearing housing 11 L has two pairs of connecting plates 26 with journal bearings 27 for the ends of two piston rods 28, the ends of whose cylinders 29 are held in journal bearings 30 which are located in the lower part of the opposite tension plate 10.

Jede der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten 18, 19 und 28, 29 ist doppeltwirkend. Es handelt sich zweckmäßig um Hydraulikzylinder. Deren Druckmittelanschlüsse sind nicht dargestellt. Durch Zufuhr von Druckmittel zu dem einen oder anderen Ende des Zylinders 19 kann das rechte Lagergehäuse 11 R mit den Schwenkarmen 14 um den Gelenkpunkt 15 geschwenkt werden und dadurch z. B. aus einer in Fig. 1 mit dünnen Linien wiedergegebenen Ruheposition in eine mit kräftigen Linien gezeichnete Arbeitsposition und umgekehrt überführt werden. Entsprechendes gilt für eine Schwenkung des linken Lagergehäuses 11 L um den zugehörigen Gelenkpunkt 15 durch entsprechende Druckmittelzufuhr zu den einen oder den anderen Enden der parallelen Zylinder 29.Each of the piston-cylinder units 18, 19 and 28, 29 is double-acting. It is expedient to use hydraulic cylinders. Their pressure medium connections are not shown. By supplying pressure medium to one or the other end of the cylinder 19, the right bearing housing 11 R can be pivoted with the swivel arms 14 about the articulation point 15 and thereby z. B. from a rest position shown in FIG. 1 with thin lines into a working position drawn with strong lines and vice versa. The same applies to a pivoting of the left bearing housing 11 L about the associated hinge point 15 by a corresponding pressure medium supply to one or the other ends of the parallel cylinders 29.

Die Zylinder 19 und 29 sind so dimensioniert, daß mit den beiden Zylindern 29 die gleiche Kraft wie mit dem Zylinder 19 aufgebracht werden kann. Die Verwendung von zwei Zylindern für das eine der beiden Lagergehäuse hat den Vorteil der Symmetrie.The cylinders 19 and 29 are dimensioned such that the same force as with the cylinder 19 can be applied with the two cylinders 29. The use of two cylinders for one of the two bearing housings has the advantage of symmetry.

Mit den Zylindern 19 und 29 werden die Bohrköpfe 12 nicht nur aus einer Ruheposition an die Stollenwandung angestellt, sondern mit ihnen wird beim Arbeiten auch die Vorschubbewegung der Bohrköpfe 12 bewirkt, wobei die Vorschubkraft in ihrer Höhe durch entsprechende Wahl des Druckes des den Zylindern 19 und 29 zugeführten Druckmittels eingestellt werden kann. Die' Reaktionskraft wird dabei über die Zapfengelenke 20 und 30 und die Spannschilde 10 unmittelbar in das Gebirge eingeleitet. Dies ist ein besonderer Vorteil. Es braucht also keine Umlenkung der Kraft zu erfolgen, wie es sonst notwendig ist.With the cylinders 19 and 29, the drill heads 12 are not only placed against the stud wall from a rest position, but with them the feed movement of the drill heads 12 is also effected during work, the amount of the feed force being selected by appropriate selection of the pressure of the cylinders 19 and 29 pressure medium supplied can be adjusted. The 'reaction force is introduced directly into the mountains via the pivot joints 20 and 30 and the tensioning plates 10. This is a special advantage. So there is no need to redirect the force as is otherwise necessary.

Eine abgewandelte Ausführung besteht im Rahmen der Erfindung darin, daß die Enden der Vorschubzylinder 19 und 29 nicht unmittelbar auf die Spannschilde 10 wirken, sondern an geeigneten Stellen der Traverse 3 angelenkt sind. Auch hierbei wird die Kraft auf günstigem Weg in das Gebirge eingeleitet, wobei dann jedoch die Verspannzylinder 8 die Vorschubkräfte mit zu übertragen haben.A modified embodiment in the context of the invention is that the ends of the feed cylinders 19 and 29 do not act directly on the tensioning plates 10, but are articulated at suitable points on the cross member 3. Here, too, the force is introduced in a favorable way into the mountains, but then the tensioning cylinders 8 must also transmit the feed forces.

Fig. 3 veranschaulicht das Arbeiten nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren, wie es u. a. mit einer Vorrichtung der vorstehend erläuterten Art möglich ist. In die Stollenwandung wird eine erste Vertiefung V1 mittels des Bohrkopfes eingebohrt. die sich in Draufsicht wie in Fig. 3 und im Schnitt z. B. wie in Fig. 1 darstellt. Sodann wird der betreffende Bohrkopf zurückgezogen und mit der ihn tragenden Vorrichtung um einen je nach den Umständen wählbaren Betrag in der Längsrichtung L des Stollens weiterbewegt, worauf dann die nächste Vertiefung V2 (Fig. 3) gebohrt wird. Hierauf erfolgt wiederum ein Versetzen des Bohrkopfes und dann das Bohren einer weiteren Vertiefung V3 usw., so daß sich eine in Stollenlängsrichtung verlaufende Erweiterung und damit die gewünschte Änderung der Profilform im Sinne eines umgekehrten U od. dgl. ergibt. In Fig. 3 ist die jeweilige Versetzung des Bohrkopfes für das Bohren der nächsten Vertiefung gleich den Radius r des wirksamen Arbeitsbereiches des Bohrkopfes. Dieser Betrag kann je nach den Umständen aber auch anders gewählt werden.3 illustrates working according to the method according to the invention, as is possible, inter alia, with a device of the type explained above. A first depression V1 is drilled into the tunnel wall by means of the drill head. which are in plan view as in Fig. 3 and in section z. B. as shown in Fig. 1. Then the relevant drill head is withdrawn and with the the device carrying it is moved further in the longitudinal direction L of the tunnel by an amount which can be selected according to the circumstances, whereupon the next depression V2 (FIG. 3) is drilled. This is then followed by a displacement of the drill head and then the drilling of a further recess V3 etc., so that there is an extension extending in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and thus the desired change in the profile shape in the sense of an inverted U or the like. In Fig. 3, the respective offset of the drill head for drilling the next recess is equal to the radius r of the effective working area of the drill head. This amount can be chosen differently depending on the circumstances.

Auch der Durchmesser des Bohrkopfes bzw. seines Arbeitsbereiches läßt sich entsprechend den jeweiligen Erfordernissen wählen. Er kann insbesondere im Bereich von etwa 40 % bis 80 % des Radius eines ursprünglich kreisförmigen Stollenprofils liegen. In vielen Fällen ist ein Bereich von etwa 50 bis 60 % vorteilhaft.The diameter of the drill head or its working area can also be selected according to the respective requirements. In particular, it can be in the range of approximately 40% to 80% of the radius of an originally circular stud profile. In many cases, a range of about 50 to 60% is advantageous.

Das Versetzen einer Vorrichtung der in den Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Art kann nach Lösen der Verspannung auf verschiedene Weise erfolgen. Die Vorrichtung kann mit einem Zugmittel nachgezogen werden, wobei sie auf den Kufen 6 gleitet, sie kann an eine Vortriebsmaschine angehängt sein, insbesondere mit einem oder mehreren Nachholzylindern in der Verbindung, sie kann aber auch Bestandteil einer Vortriebsmaschine sein.A device of the type shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be moved in various ways after the tension has been released. The device can be retightened with a traction device, whereby it slides on the runners 6, it can be attached to a tunneling machine, in particular with one or more secondary wood cylinders in the connection, but it can also be part of a tunneling machine.

Die Tragkonstruktion mit den Säulen 5 und den Streben 6 hat bei der gezeigten Ausführung praktisch nur eine Funktion beim Umsetzen. Sie übernimmt dann das Gewicht der Vorrichtung. Beim Arbeiten können die Kräfte von der Traverse mit der Verspannung aufgenommen werden.The supporting structure with the columns 5 and the struts 6 has practically only one function in the implementation shown. It then takes over the weight of the device. When working, the forces from the traverse can be absorbed with the bracing.

Die Tragkonstruktion ist so ausgebildet, daß im unteren Bereich wie bei einem Portal ein freier Raum vorhanden ist, der auch als Durchgang dienen kann, beispielsweise um zu einer vor der Vorrichtung im Stollen befindlichen Vortriebsmaschine zu gelangen.The supporting structure is designed so that in the lower area, as with a portal, there is a free space which can also serve as a passage, for example in order to reach a tunneling machine located in front of the device in the tunnel.

Eine Vorrichtung der erfindungsgemäßen Art läßt sich insbesondere unmittelbar hinter einem Bohrkopf anbringen, namentlich hinter einem Erweiterungsbohrkopf, dessen Maschinenkörper sich in einem Vorbohrloch befindet. Es kann dann unmittelbar hinter der Vorrichtung ein Ausbau im Stollen oder in der Strecke gesetzt werden, ohne daß es zwischenzeitlicher Sicherungsmaßnahmen bedarf. In jedem Falle ist es auch möglich, der Vorrichtung einen Schild zuzuordnen, zumindest im Firstbereich des Stollens. Ein solcher Schild ohne eine sonstige Schutzabdeckung kann sich an der Vorrichtung selbst oder an einem ihr benachbarten Teil, z. B. an einem ihr folgenden Nachläufer od. dgl. befinden.A device of the type according to the invention can in particular be attached directly behind a drilling head, namely behind an extension drilling head, the machine body of which is located in a pilot hole. An extension in the gallery or in the route can then be placed immediately behind the device, without the need for intermediate safety measures. In any case, it is also possible to assign a shield to the device, at least in the ridge area of the gallery. Such a shield without any other protective cover can be on the device itself or on a part adjacent to it, e.g. B. od on a follower following her or the like.

Was vorstehend im Grundsätzlichen zum Verfahren und zu der Vorrichtung gesagt wurde, gilt sinngemäß auch für die in den Fig. 4 und 5 dargestellte Ausführung einer Vorrichtung, die nachfolgend erläutert wird. Dabei wird auf gleiche oder ähnliche Elemente, die auch bei der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 und 2 vorhanden sind, nicht mehr besonders eingegangen.What was said above in principle about the method and the device also applies analogously to the embodiment of a device shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, which is explained below. The same or similar elements that are also present in the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2 are no longer dealt with in particular.

Eine Traverse 33 mit hydraulisch ausfahrbaren Spannschilden 10 an den Enden ist von einem Tragrahmen (Träger 44) gehalten und nach beiden Seiten hin als Führung 32 für daran längsverschiebbare Lager- und Getriebegehäuse 31 L und 31 R ausgebildet. Antriebsmotoren sind mit der Ziffer 13 bezeichnet. Durch Verschieben der Gehäuse 31 R und 31 mit den darin gelagerten Bohrköpfen 12 können die letzteren aus der Ruheposition nach Fig. 4 in eine Arbeitsposition gebracht werden.A crossbeam 33 with hydraulically extendable tensioning plates 10 at the ends is held by a support frame (carrier 44) and is designed on both sides as a guide 32 for bearing and gearbox housings 31 L and 31 R which can be displaced longitudinally thereon. Drive motors are designated with the number 13. By moving the housing 31 R and 31 with the drill heads 12 mounted therein, the latter can be brought from the rest position according to FIG. 4 into a working position.

Die Anstell- und Vorschubbewegung wird bei dieser Ausführung durch sich zwischen den Gehäusen 31 R und 31 L erstreckende, miteinander fluchtende Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten 38 erzeugt, deren Zylinder 39 mit ihren Enden aneinander anliegend zu einer Einheit verbunden sind und deren Kolbenstangen 34 über Zapfengelenke 35 an den Gehäusen 31 R und 31 L angreifen. Zweckmäßig sind auf jeder Seite der beiden Gehäuse solche Doppeleinheiten 38 vorhanden.In this embodiment, the positioning and advancing movement is generated by piston-cylinder units 38 which extend between the housings 31 R and 31 L, the cylinders 39 of which are connected at their ends to form a unit and whose piston rods 34 are connected by pivot joints 35 on the housings 31 R and 31 L. Such double units 38 are expediently provided on each side of the two housings.

Auch bei einer solchen Ausführung besteht der Vorteil, daß der Kraftfluß keine Umlenkung erfährt, sondern die Vorschubkräfte unmittelbar aufgenommen werden.Even with such an embodiment, there is the advantage that the power flow is not deflected, but rather that the feed forces are absorbed directly.

Claims (12)

1. A method of modifying the cross-sectional profile, in particular a circular profile, of a gallery, tunnel, roadway or the like by expanding the profile in partial regions of the same by means of a rotary-drivable tool, characterised in that, with at least one drilling head or similar tool assembly, a sequence of separate recesses in the longitudinal direction of the gallery is worked into the walls of the gallery ; a forward feed movement being imparted in each case to the drilling head in the direction of its rotary axis (D) and transversely to the longitudinal direction (L) of the gallery, in particular perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly to the gallery walls and/or to a tangent to the gallery profile ; and the recesses being worked in so that they overlap each other.
2. A device for working the boundary of a gallery, tunnel, roadway or the like, with a supporting frame (1) and at least one bearing housing (11 R, 11 L ; 31 R, 31 L) movable in relation to the supporting frame (1) by means of a feed device (18, 19 ; 28, 29 ; 38), the housing having a rotary-drivable drilling head (12) ; a bracing device (8, 9, 10), with bracing plates (10) which can be pressed against the gallery walls, being associated with the supporting frame (1), in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterised in that the drilling head (12) is equipped at its front end with tool elements and this front end faces the gallery walls during the work, and in that the working movement of the drilling head (12) in the direction of its rotary axis '(D) and transversely to the longitudinal direction (L) of the gallery, which movement can be carried out by means of the feed device (18, 19 ; 28, 29 ; 38), 'is directed towards the gallery walls.
3. A device according to claim 2, characterised in that the bearing housing (11R, 11 L) for the drilling head (12) is suspended on a swivel arm (14) which in turn is hinged to the supporting frame (1) or to a part in connection with the latter, in particular a bracing plate (10) ; the rotary axis (D) of the drilling head (12) running at about a right angle to the tangent to the gallery profile: and the feed device (18,19; 28.29) acting directly or indirectly with one end at the bearing housing (11 R, 11 L) and with the other end at the supporting frame (1).
4. A device according to claim 2, characterised in that the bearing housing (31R, 31 L) for the drilling head (12) is displaceable along a linear guide (32), in particular a guide provided on a part (33) of the supporting frame (33, 44) or formed by such a part, the feed device (34, 38, 39) acting with one end at the bearing housing (31R, 31 L).
5. A device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the feed device (18, 19 : 28, 29) acts with its other end at a bracing plate (10).
6. A device according to claim 4, characterised in that the feed device (34. 38, 39) acts with its other end at a second, opposite bearing housing (31 L or 31 R respectively).
7. A device according to one of claims 2 to 6. characterised in that the supporting frame (1) is provided with supporting legs (5) or the like.
8. A device according to one of claims 2 to 7. characterised in that the effective diameter of the drilling head (12) is in the region of about 40 % to 80 %, iri particular in the region of about 50 % to 60 %, of the radius of a circular gallery profile.
9. A device according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterised in that it is a component part of a tunnelling machine.
10. A device according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterised in that it is connected with, so that it can .be towed with, a tunnelling machine or an assembly, trailer or the like associated with the machine.
11. A device according to one of claims 2 to 10, characterised in that it is arranged directly behind a drilling head, in particular a reaming drilling head, of a tunnelling machine.
12. A device according to one of claims 2 to 11, characterised in that it is covered, at least in the roof area, by a plate or the like.
EP85902960A 1984-06-12 1985-06-10 Method and device for modifying the cross-section of a gallery, a tunnel or the like Expired EP0185713B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85902960T ATE34598T1 (en) 1984-06-12 1985-06-10 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MODIFYING THE CROSS-SECTIONAL PROFILE OF A TUNNEL, TUNNEL OR THE LIKE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3421704 1984-06-12
DE3421704A DE3421704C2 (en) 1984-06-12 1984-06-12 Device for expanding the cross-sectional profile of a gallery, tunnel or the like.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0185713A1 EP0185713A1 (en) 1986-07-02
EP0185713B1 true EP0185713B1 (en) 1988-05-25

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EP85902960A Expired EP0185713B1 (en) 1984-06-12 1985-06-10 Method and device for modifying the cross-section of a gallery, a tunnel or the like

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US4696600A (en)
EP (1) EP0185713B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3421704C2 (en)
NO (1) NO860417L (en)
WO (1) WO1986000113A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4234972C2 (en) * 1992-10-16 1995-01-19 Dmt Gmbh Tunneling machine for precise profiling of curved sections
US20120051843A1 (en) * 2010-08-27 2012-03-01 King Abdul Aziz City For Science And Technology Tunnel drilling machine

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH255012A (en) * 1944-11-01 1948-06-15 Ag Bata Driving machine for producing tunnels and the like that are partially circular in cross section.
DE1261459B (en) * 1963-06-08 1968-02-22 Joy Sullivan Ltd Tunneling machine
DE1260412B (en) * 1965-09-29 1968-02-08 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Tunneling machine
FR2001904A1 (en) * 1968-02-14 1969-10-03 Nat Mine Service
US3695717A (en) * 1970-07-21 1972-10-03 Atlas Copco Ab Tunneling machine
DE2127186A1 (en) * 1971-06-01 1972-12-14 Schönfeld, Georg, 2200 Elmshorn Method and device for mechanically driving tunnels and routes in mining
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DE2726445C3 (en) * 1977-06-11 1980-04-03 Bochumer Eisenhuette Heintzmann Gmbh & Co, 4630 Bochum Tunneling machine
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DE3121244C2 (en) * 1981-05-29 1983-02-24 Hochtief Ag Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann, 4300 Essen Tunnel boring machine
DE3125082A1 (en) * 1981-06-26 1983-01-13 Bade & Theelen Gmbh, 3160 Lehrte Method and tunnel-driving machine for producing tunnels of varying cross-section
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GB2125857B (en) * 1982-07-28 1985-08-14 Maintel Pty Limited Excavatory machine for use in coal and other mining operations

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO860417L (en) 1986-02-06
DE3421704C2 (en) 1986-05-28
DE3562936D1 (en) 1988-06-30
DE3421704A1 (en) 1985-12-12
US4696600A (en) 1987-09-29
WO1986000113A1 (en) 1986-01-03
EP0185713A1 (en) 1986-07-02

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