EP0161190B1 - Anchoring device comprising a hinged angular part - Google Patents

Anchoring device comprising a hinged angular part Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0161190B1
EP0161190B1 EP85400905A EP85400905A EP0161190B1 EP 0161190 B1 EP0161190 B1 EP 0161190B1 EP 85400905 A EP85400905 A EP 85400905A EP 85400905 A EP85400905 A EP 85400905A EP 0161190 B1 EP0161190 B1 EP 0161190B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchorage
accordance
ground
leading end
articulated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85400905A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0161190A3 (en
EP0161190A2 (en
Inventor
Minh Phong Luong
Pierre Habib
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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Publication of EP0161190A3 publication Critical patent/EP0161190A3/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/803—Ground anchors with pivotable anchoring members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/24—Anchors
    • B63B21/26—Anchors securing to bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/24—Anchors
    • B63B21/26—Anchors securing to bed
    • B63B2021/262—Anchors securing to bed by drag embedment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/24—Anchors
    • B63B21/26—Anchors securing to bed
    • B63B2021/265—Anchors securing to bed by gravity embedment, e.g. by dropping a pile-type anchor from a certain height

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new anchoring device with articulated element having a bent shape for any soil, easy to implement by known methods of implementation (threshing, vibrofonishing, propulsion, launching and suction in the case of loose soils ).
  • This technique is applicable both for anchoring on land and for making fixed anchor points in water, in particular in port facilities (marinas, mooring pontoons, etc.).
  • Patent FR 2,424,846 defines an anchoring system with free rotation of the attachment point, the latter being located in front of the center of gravity relative to the attacking end of the ground, but the installation of the system is done by pulling on the cable.
  • US Patent 3,282,002 presents an anchoring device with free rotation of the attachment point provided with a flat plate capable of tilting, the angular movement of this plate being limited by a stop. But this plate does not rotate by itself, it needs the help of a spring, or even an explosive, so that it blocks the anchoring.
  • the US patent. 3.888.057 defines a device where one must exert a traction on the eye of a free moving part located in the middle of the anchoring plate so that a lug perpendicular to the plate and located in the near front part from the leading end of the ground, can stand up and then tilt the anchor plate. Under these conditions and particularly in hard soils, the torque on the movable part may be too small for the device to be able to open and the plate will slip backwards without tilting.
  • the problem to be solved is therefore the following: It is a question of realizing anchor points of high resistance on land and at sea that can reliably withstand a horizontal pulling force, inclined upwards and even vertical upwards, from the ton to the hundred tons. While being capable of being positioned precisely, the anchoring system must be acceptable for all types of soil (clay, sand, rocky soil for example).
  • Anchor piles or generally groups of anchor piles generally solve such a problem, but they have the disadvantage of tearing off when the applied vertical force is too great.
  • the invention consists of a new anchoring system making it possible to solve the problem posed.
  • the forces in particular of percussion communicate to the anchoring element an energy known as of threshing.
  • the stated combination is capable of providing the best locking position for the anchoring device during the traction T exerted by the anchor line. It is adapted to make it move in the ground when it undergoes these efforts and to orient it to present an optimal master torque in order to mobilize the maximum stop of the earths.
  • master-torque is meant the outline of the cross sections to the axis of movement of the anchoring element.
  • connection By flexible connection is meant here a connection which does not introduce substantially any moment of rotation at the point of attachment to the plate, such as a connection by wire, chain, ball joint or by an articulated threaded rod.
  • the burial in the ground is carried out by driving forces F E brought into play thanks to techniques for example of threshing, vibrofonishing, propulsion, launching, even suction in the case of loose soils, all known to man. art.
  • driving forces F E brought into play thanks to techniques for example of threshing, vibrofonishing, propulsion, launching, even suction in the case of loose soils, all known to man. art. The choice will depend on the nature of the soil.
  • the angular movement of the bent articulated element may be understood from 30 ° to 60 °, and preferably close to 45 °, relative to the driving plane ⁇ .
  • the anchoring device to resist a tensile force T at all height angles (horizontal, inclined and vertical upwards) implements at least one anchoring element designated as a whole by the reference 1, which is generally driven into the ground along the vertical by one of its ends constituting its attack end of the ground 2.
  • An anchoring line 3 constituted in particular by a wire, a chain or a rod articulated thread, intended to transmit the tensile force T to be supported, by means of a traction pin 11, is attached to said element at at least one point by a flexible connection 5 such as, for example, a ball joint n ' introducing substantially no bending or twisting moment, at said point of attachment to the axis of traction 11.
  • the position of the latter on the anchoring element is chosen such that the point of application of the traction force to said element is located in front of the barycenter, or center of gravity G, of the bearing surface buried in the ground, or master torque of said anchoring element, towards said leading end 2.
  • the anchoring element is characterized by a main body comprising a rigid dorsal part 6, on which a sole plate 4 provided with deflectors 15 rests on the inner side. This rigid dorsal part supports and transmits the threshing energy up to the leading end 2.
  • this stud has a length h of 2 to 6 times its transverse dimension d. It is preferable to have a male stud to avoid any risk of jamming of the threshing element resulting from a mating phenomenon during the impact on the anvil.
  • This nipple can have any shape (square, rectangular, round, oval or diamond for example).
  • the anchoring element In its part opposite to the leading end of the ground 2, the anchoring element is equipped with a bent articulated element 9 provided with stiffeners 18 in its internal part facing the stud 8, which pivots on a perpendicular axis 10 to the axis of the anchoring element along the driving plane ⁇ to a maximum position fixed by a stop 17 defining an angular movement ⁇ from 30 ° to 60 ° relative to the axis of the anchoring element which is in the driving plane ⁇ and which passes through the stud 8.
  • the articulated element 9 has a flat part on the part of the elbow furthest from said articulation 10.
  • the part of the articulated element 9 furthest from said articulation axis 10 has a curved shape whose radius of curvature r is at least equal to the distance separating said articulation axis 10 from the ground attack end 2.
  • This articulated element which separates the articulation 10 from the free end 9a of said element is between half and a tenth of the total length of the anchoring element and particularly interesting results have been noted with a value substantially equal to one third of the total length of the anchoring element.
  • the articulated element is such that the elbow in a vertical position at the time of insertion, that is to say aligned along the sole 4 is in the shadow of the master torque of the device, that is to say of the contour of the cross sections to the axis of movement of said anchoring element.
  • the distance from the attacking end of the ground 2 to the traction axis 11 constituting the point of attachment of the anchor line 3 is between a quarter and a half of the total length of the element anchoring. Good performances were obtained when the distance was preferably equal to a third.
  • the ratio of the length of the anchoring element defined according to the driving plane ( ⁇ ) to the width of said element is between 1/3 and 10 and preferably between 1 and 5.
  • the distance from the leading end of the ground 2 to the axis of traction 11 or point of attachment is between a quarter and a half of the total length of the anchoring element and preferably equal to a third.
  • the leading end of the ground may have an asymmetrical shape with respect to the driving plane (Fig. 1A). It can also have a symmetrical shape with respect to the same penetration plane (Fig. 9).
  • a blade 16 which can for example be made of steel or plastic, which puts "in the shade” the sensitive elements of the device, in particular the bent articulated element, the anchoring line and the flexible connection. This airfoil overflows on the sole 4 in order to properly guide the movement of the anchoring element.
  • the mechanism for the abutment of underground soil is perfectly stable in meaning that there is a flow of soil material from the compressed side M C to the decompressed side M D.
  • the static anchoring resistance or permanent anchoring strength F ⁇ is perfectly stable (Fig. 5).
  • S being the area of the anchoring element
  • P1 and P2 being the pressures of the pore water at the front and at the rear of the anchoring element, S its area.
  • the anchoring resistance is limited by the driving force F of a volume of soil having the approximate shape of an inclined inverted cone situated above the system of anchoring (hatched area).
  • the device can optionally be removed from the ground.
  • it will for example be provided with at least one extraction cable or any other known extraction means, fixed at at least one point 13 on the articulated element 9 and which optionally makes it possible to extract from the ground the anchor by vertical or backward pull from the surface.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 A particularly advantageous embodiment of the anchoring device according to the invention is illustrated by FIGS. 8 and 9. Its more compact shape, its end for attacking the ground 2 symmetrical with respect to the driving plane and its main body 6 cut in an IPN or HPN profile on which rests a larger anvil 7 allow the anchoring device, due to a smaller master torque, good burial in hard soils as well as in soft rocks and good blocking position.
  • the types of anchors according to the invention can be arranged in series or in parallel while being interconnected by anchor lines. This device then increases the anchoring force.
  • the device according to the invention is suitable for work at sea and provides a very high anchoring strength for floating or semi-floating supports whatever the ground encountered. It can keep the structure rigorously in position and also ensure the longevity of the anchoring.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un nouveau dispositif d'ancrage à élément articulé ayant une forme coudée pour tout sol, facile à mettre en oeuvre par des procédés connus de mise en place (battage, vibrofonçage, propulsion, lançage et succion dans le cas des sols meubles...).The present invention relates to a new anchoring device with articulated element having a bent shape for any soil, easy to implement by known methods of implementation (threshing, vibrofonishing, propulsion, launching and suction in the case of loose soils ...).

Cette technique est applicable aussi bien pour l'ancrage à terre que pour réaliser des points d'ancrage fixes dans l'eau, en particulier dans des installations portuaires (ports de plaisance, pontons d'amarrage...).This technique is applicable both for anchoring on land and for making fixed anchor points in water, in particular in port facilities (marinas, mooring pontoons, etc.).

Le brevet FR 2.424.846 définit un système d'ancrage avec rotation libre du point d'attache, ce dernier étant situé en avant du centre de gravité par rapport à l'extrémité d'attaque du sol, mais la mise en place du système s'effectue par traction sur le câble.Patent FR 2,424,846 defines an anchoring system with free rotation of the attachment point, the latter being located in front of the center of gravity relative to the attacking end of the ground, but the installation of the system is done by pulling on the cable.

Le brevet US 3.282.002 présente un dispositif d'ancrage avec rotation libre du point d'attache muni d'une plaque plane susceptible de basculer, le débattement angulaire de cette plaque étant limité par une butée. Mais cette plaque ne pivote pas d'elle-même, il lui faut l'aide d'un ressort, voire d'un explosif, pour qu'elle bloque l'ancrage.US Patent 3,282,002 presents an anchoring device with free rotation of the attachment point provided with a flat plate capable of tilting, the angular movement of this plate being limited by a stop. But this plate does not rotate by itself, it needs the help of a spring, or even an explosive, so that it blocks the anchoring.

Le brevet US. 3.888.057 définit un dispositif où l'on doit exercer une traction sur l'oeil d'une pièce libre mobile située au milieu de la plaque d'ancrage de façon qu'un ergot perpendiculaire à la plaque et situé dans la partie avant proche de l'extrémité d'attaque du sol, puisse se dresser et faire ensuite basculer la plaque d'ancrage. Dans ces conditions et particulièrement dans les sols durs, le couple sur la partie mobile peut être trop petit pour que le dispositif puisse s'ouvrir et la plaque dérapera en arrière sans basculer.The US patent. 3.888.057 defines a device where one must exert a traction on the eye of a free moving part located in the middle of the anchoring plate so that a lug perpendicular to the plate and located in the near front part from the leading end of the ground, can stand up and then tilt the anchor plate. Under these conditions and particularly in hard soils, the torque on the movable part may be too small for the device to be able to open and the plate will slip backwards without tilting.

Les brevets GB-A-2.089.862 et FR-A-2.470.823, FR-A-1.453.190 et US-A-1.982.963 illustrent aussi l'art antérieur.The patents GB-A-2,089,862 and FR-A-2,470,823, FR-A-1,453,190 and US-A-1,982,963 also illustrate the prior art.

Le problème à résoudre est donc le suivant :
Il s'agit de réaliser des points d'ancrage de haute tenue à terre et en mer pouvant supporter avec fiabilité une force de traction horizontale, inclinée vers le haut et même verticale vers le haut, de la tonne à la centaine de tonnes. Tout en étant susceptible d'être positionné de manière précise, le système d'ancrage doit être acceptable pour tous les types de sols (argiles, sables, sols rocheux par exemple).The problem to be solved is therefore the following:
It is a question of realizing anchor points of high resistance on land and at sea that can reliably withstand a horizontal pulling force, inclined upwards and even vertical upwards, from the ton to the hundred tons. While being capable of being positioned precisely, the anchoring system must be acceptable for all types of soil (clay, sand, rocky soil for example).

Les pieux d'ancrage ou d'une manière générale les groupes de pieux d'ancrage résolvent en général un tel problème, mais ils présentent l'inconvénient de s'arracher lorsque la force verticale appliquée est trop grande.Anchor piles or generally groups of anchor piles generally solve such a problem, but they have the disadvantage of tearing off when the applied vertical force is too great.

Certaines ancres spéciales basées sur le principe du pivotement dû à l'excentrement de la traction du câble sur la plaque offre une très mauvaise fiabilité car la probabilité d'un fonctionnement correct est trop faible.Certain special anchors based on the principle of pivoting due to the eccentricity of the cable traction on the plate offers very poor reliability because the probability of correct operation is too low.

L'invention consiste en un nouveau système d'ancrage permettant de résoudre le problème posé.The invention consists of a new anchoring system making it possible to solve the problem posed.

Elle concerne un dispositif d'ancrage comprenant un élément d'ancrage adapté à pénétrer dans le sol sous l'action de forces d'enfoncement, notamment de percussion, cet élément d'ancrage comportant au moins un corps principal rigide ayant au moins une extrémité d'attaque du sol, lesdites forces d'enfoncement s'exerçant sensiblement suivant un plan d'enfoncement passant par ladite extrémité d'attaque du sol et un axe de battage ou de propulsion lié au corps principal, au moins un élément articulé relié de façon pivotante audit corps principal et ayant un débattement angulaire limité, au moins une ligne d'ancrage reliée audit corps principal par une liaison souple en au moins un point d'attache situé entre ladite extrémité d'attaque et le centre de gravité de la surface portante du corps principal, ledit point d'attache étant en avant du centre de gravité, ledit plan d'enfoncement passant par ledit centre de gravité, présentant la combinaison suivante :

  • a) une forme coudée dudit élément articulé, ladite forme coudée de l'élément articulé présentant une concavité tournée du côté opposé à ladite extrémité d'attaque
  • b) une localisation dudit centre de gravité (G) entre ledit point d'attache de la ligne d'ancrage et l'articulation dudit élément articulé, et
  • c) un excentrement par rapport au plan d'enfoncement Δ d'une part dudit point d'attache qui est fixe et d'autre part de ladite articulation, celle-ci étant située suivant un axe perpendiculaire audit axe de battage dans la partie opposée à l'extrémité d'attaque du sol par rapport au centre de gravité, de telle façon que l'application d'une traction sur la ligne d'ancrage amorce le basculement de l'élément articulé et le pivotement de l'élément d'ancrage.
It relates to an anchoring device comprising an anchoring element adapted to penetrate into the ground under the action of driving forces, in particular percussion, this anchoring element comprising at least one rigid main body having at least one end ground attack, said driving forces being exerted substantially along a driving plane passing through said ground attack end and a threshing or propulsion axis linked to the main body, at least one articulated element connected to pivotally to said main body and having a limited angular movement, at least one anchoring line connected to said main body by a flexible connection at at least one point of attachment situated between said leading end and the center of gravity of the surface bearing of the main body, said attachment point being in front of the center of gravity, said sinking plane passing through said center of gravity, having the following combination:
  • a) a bent shape of said articulated element, said bent shape of the articulated element having a concavity turned towards the side opposite to said leading end
  • b) a location of said center of gravity (G) between said point of attachment of the anchoring line and the articulation of said articulated element, and
  • c) an eccentricity with respect to the driving plane Δ on the one hand of said point of attachment which is fixed and on the other hand of said articulation, the latter being situated along an axis perpendicular to said threshing axis in the opposite part at the leading end of the ground with respect to the center of gravity, so that the application of traction on the anchor line initiates the tilting of the articulated element and the pivoting of the element anchoring.

Les forces notamment de percussion communiquent à l'élément d'ancrage une énergie dite de battage.The forces in particular of percussion communicate to the anchoring element an energy known as of threshing.

La combinaison énoncée est susceptible de fournir lors de la traction T exercée par la ligne d'ancrage la meilleure position de blocage au dispositif d'ancrage. Elle est adaptée à le faire déplacer dans le sol lorsqu'il subit ces efforts et à l'orienter pour présenter un maitre couple optimal en vue de mobiliser la butée maximale des terres. Par maître-couple, on entend le contour des sections transversales à l'axe du mouvement, de l'élément d'ancrage.The stated combination is capable of providing the best locking position for the anchoring device during the traction T exerted by the anchor line. It is adapted to make it move in the ground when it undergoes these efforts and to orient it to present an optimal master torque in order to mobilize the maximum stop of the earths. By master-torque is meant the outline of the cross sections to the axis of movement of the anchoring element.

Par liaison souple, on entend ici une liaison n'introduisant sensiblement aucun moment de rotation au point d'attache sur la plaque, telle qu'une liaison par fil, chaine, rotule ou par une tige filetée articulée.By flexible connection is meant here a connection which does not introduce substantially any moment of rotation at the point of attachment to the plate, such as a connection by wire, chain, ball joint or by an articulated threaded rod.

L'enfouissement dans le sol est effectué par des forces d'enfoncement FE mises en jeu grâce à des techniques par exemple de battage, de vibrofonçage, propulsion, lançage, voire succion dans le cas des sols meubles, toutes connues de l'homme de l'art. Le choix sera fonction de la nature du sol.The burial in the ground is carried out by driving forces F E brought into play thanks to techniques for example of threshing, vibrofonishing, propulsion, launching, even suction in the case of loose soils, all known to man. art. The choice will depend on the nature of the soil.

Le débattement angulaire de l'élément articulé coudé pourra être compris de 30° à 60°, et de préférence voisin de 45°, par rapport au plan d'enfoncement Δ.The angular movement of the bent articulated element may be understood from 30 ° to 60 °, and preferably close to 45 °, relative to the driving plane Δ.

Des exemples de réalisation de l'invention sont illustrés par les dessins et schémas annexés ci-dessous où :

  • les figures 1 et 1A représentent schématiquement un premier type d'élément d'ancrage selon l'invention, vu de dessus et de côté respectivement,
  • les figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 et 7 illustrent la séquence de mise en place et blocage du dispositif selon l'invention dans différents sols,
  • les figures 8 et 9 montrent un autre mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention et,
  • la figure 10 présente un autre mode de réalisation de l'élément articulé.
Examples of embodiments of the invention are illustrated by the drawings and diagrams annexed below where:
  • FIGS. 1 and 1A schematically represent a first type of anchoring element according to the invention, seen from above and from the side respectively,
  • Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 illustrate the start-up sequence place and blocking of the device according to the invention in different soils,
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show another embodiment of the device according to the invention and,
  • Figure 10 shows another embodiment of the articulated element.

Selon la figure 1, le dispositif d'ancrage, pour résister à une force de traction T à tous les angles de hauteur (horizontale, inclinée et verticale vers le haut) met en oeuvre au moins un élément d'ancrage désigné dans son ensemble par la référence 1, que l'on enfonce généralement dans le sol suivant la verticale par l'une de ses extrémités constituant son extrémité d'attaque du sol 2. Une ligne d'ancrage 3 constituée notamment par un fil, une chaine ou une tige filetée articulée, destinée à transmettre la force de traction T à supporter, par l'intermédiaire d'un axe de traction 11, est attachée audit élément en au moins un point par une liaison souple 5 telle que, par exemple, une rotule n'introduisant sensiblement aucun moment de flexion ou de torsion, audit point d'attache sur l'axe de traction 11.According to FIG. 1, the anchoring device, to resist a tensile force T at all height angles (horizontal, inclined and vertical upwards) implements at least one anchoring element designated as a whole by the reference 1, which is generally driven into the ground along the vertical by one of its ends constituting its attack end of the ground 2. An anchoring line 3 constituted in particular by a wire, a chain or a rod articulated thread, intended to transmit the tensile force T to be supported, by means of a traction pin 11, is attached to said element at at least one point by a flexible connection 5 such as, for example, a ball joint n ' introducing substantially no bending or twisting moment, at said point of attachment to the axis of traction 11.

La position de ce dernier sur l'élément d'ancrage est choisie telle que le point d'application de la force de traction audit élément soit situé en avant du barycentre, ou centre de gravité G, de la surface portante enfouie dans le sol, ou maitre-couple dudit élément d'ancrage, vers ladite extrémité d'attaque 2. L'élément d'ancrage est caractérisé par un corps principal comportant une partie dorsale rigide 6, sur laquelle s'appuie une semelle 4 munie de déflecteurs 15 sur la face interne. Cette partie dorsale rigide supporte et transmet l'énergie de battage jusqu'à l'extrémité d'attaque 2.The position of the latter on the anchoring element is chosen such that the point of application of the traction force to said element is located in front of the barycenter, or center of gravity G, of the bearing surface buried in the ground, or master torque of said anchoring element, towards said leading end 2. The anchoring element is characterized by a main body comprising a rigid dorsal part 6, on which a sole plate 4 provided with deflectors 15 rests on the inner side. This rigid dorsal part supports and transmits the threshing energy up to the leading end 2.

Elle est transmise tout d'abord sur l'enclume 7 qui repose sur la partie rigide 6 et qui est surmontée d'un téton de guidage 8 destiné à recevoir l'élément de battage, ce téton ayant une longueur h de 2 à 6 fois sa dimension transversale d. Il est préférable d'avoir un téton mâle pour éviter tout risque de coincement de l'élément de battage résultant d'un phénomène de matage lors du choc sur l'enclume. Ce téton peut avoir n'importe quelle forme (carrée, rectangulaire, ronde, ovale ou losange par exemple).It is transmitted first of all on the anvil 7 which rests on the rigid part 6 and which is surmounted by a guide pin 8 intended to receiving the threshing element, this stud having a length h of 2 to 6 times its transverse dimension d. It is preferable to have a male stud to avoid any risk of jamming of the threshing element resulting from a mating phenomenon during the impact on the anvil. This nipple can have any shape (square, rectangular, round, oval or diamond for example).

Dans sa partie opposée à l'extrémité d'attaque du sol 2, l'élément d'ancrage est équipée d'un élément articulé coudé 9 muni de raidisseurs 18 dans sa partie interne en regard du téton 8, qui pivote sur un axe perpendiculaire 10 à l'axe de l'élément d'ancrage suivant le plan d'enfoncement Δ jusqu'à une position maximale fixée par une butée 17 définissant un débattement angulaire α de 30° à 60° par rapport à l'axe de l'élément d'ancrage qui se trouve dans le plan d'enfoncement Δ et qui passe par le téton 8. L'élément articulé 9 présente une partie plane sur la partie du coude la plus éloignée de ladite articulation 10. Selon un autre mode de réalisation illustré par la figure 10, la partie de l'élément articulé 9 la plus éloignée dudit axe d'articulation 10 a une forme cintrée dont le rayon de courbure r est au moins égal à la distance séparant ledit axe d'articulation 10 de l'extrémité d'attaque du sol 2.In its part opposite to the leading end of the ground 2, the anchoring element is equipped with a bent articulated element 9 provided with stiffeners 18 in its internal part facing the stud 8, which pivots on a perpendicular axis 10 to the axis of the anchoring element along the driving plane Δ to a maximum position fixed by a stop 17 defining an angular movement α from 30 ° to 60 ° relative to the axis of the anchoring element which is in the driving plane Δ and which passes through the stud 8. The articulated element 9 has a flat part on the part of the elbow furthest from said articulation 10. According to another embodiment illustrated by FIG. 10, the part of the articulated element 9 furthest from said articulation axis 10 has a curved shape whose radius of curvature r is at least equal to the distance separating said articulation axis 10 from the ground attack end 2.

La longueur de cet élément articulé qui sépare l'articulation 10 de l'extrémité libre 9a dudit élément est comprise entre la moitié et le dixième de la longueur totale de l'élément d'ancrage et l'on a noté des résultats particulièrement intéressants avec une valeur sensiblement égale au tiers de la longueur totale de l'élément d'ancrage.The length of this articulated element which separates the articulation 10 from the free end 9a of said element is between half and a tenth of the total length of the anchoring element and particularly interesting results have been noted with a value substantially equal to one third of the total length of the anchoring element.

L'élément articulé est tel que le coude en position verticale au moment de l'enfoncement, c'est-à-dire aligné suivant la semelle 4 est dans l'ombre du maître-couple du dispositif, c'est-à-dire du contour des sections transversales à l'axe du mouvement dudit élément d'ancrage.The articulated element is such that the elbow in a vertical position at the time of insertion, that is to say aligned along the sole 4 is in the shadow of the master torque of the device, that is to say of the contour of the cross sections to the axis of movement of said anchoring element.

La distance de l'extrémité d'attaque du sol 2 à l'axe de traction 11 constituant le point d'attache de la ligne d'ancrage 3 est comprise entre le quart et la moitié de la longueur totale de l'élément d'ancrage. De bonnes performances ont été obtenues lorsque la distance était de préférence égale au tiers.The distance from the attacking end of the ground 2 to the traction axis 11 constituting the point of attachment of the anchor line 3 is between a quarter and a half of the total length of the element anchoring. Good performances were obtained when the distance was preferably equal to a third.

Le rapport de la longueur de l'élément d'ancrage défini suivant le plan d'enfoncement (Δ ) à la largeur dudit élément est compris entre 1/3 et 10 et de préférence entre 1 et 5.The ratio of the length of the anchoring element defined according to the driving plane (Δ) to the width of said element is between 1/3 and 10 and preferably between 1 and 5.

On a noté que la distance de l'extrémité d'attaque du sol 2 à l'axe de traction 11 ou point d'attache est comprise entre le quart et la moitié de la longueur totale de l'élément d'ancrage et de préférence égal au tiers.It has been noted that the distance from the leading end of the ground 2 to the axis of traction 11 or point of attachment is between a quarter and a half of the total length of the anchoring element and preferably equal to a third.

De bons résultats ont été enregistrés lorsque la longueur de l'élément articulé 9 prise de l'articulation 10 jusqu'à son extrémité libre 9a, la distance séparant l'articulation 10 dudit élément au point d'attache 11 de la ligne d'ancrage 3 et la distance séparant ledit point d'attache 11 à l'extrémité d'attaque du sol 2 de l'élément d'ancrage 1 sont chacune sensiblement égales au tiers de la longueur totale de l'élément d'ancrage 1.Good results have been recorded when the length of the articulated element 9 taken from the articulation 10 to its free end 9a, the distance separating the articulation 10 from said element at the attachment point 11 of the anchor line 3 and the distance separating said attachment point 11 at the attacking end of the ground 2 from the anchoring element 1 are each substantially equal to one third of the total length of the anchoring element 1.

L'extrémité d'attaque du sol peut présenter une forme dissymétrique par rapport au plan d'enfoncement (Fig. 1A). Elle peut également présenter une forme symétrique par rapport au même plan d'enfoncement (Fig. 9).The leading end of the ground may have an asymmetrical shape with respect to the driving plane (Fig. 1A). It can also have a symmetrical shape with respect to the same penetration plane (Fig. 9).

Elle doit par ailleurs être symétrique par rapport à un plan perpendiculaire au plan d'enfoncement passant par l'axe de battage : sa forme peut alors être par exemple pointue, droite (Fig. 8), voire trapezoïdale telle que celle montrée sur la figure 1.It must also be symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the driving plane passing through the threshing axis: its shape can then be for example pointed, straight (Fig. 8), even trapezoidal such as that shown in the figure. 1.

L'extrémité d'attaque du sol est prolongée par une voilure 16, pouvant être par exemple en acier ou en matière plastique, qui met "dans l'ombre" les éléments sensibles du dispositif notamment l'élément articulé coudé, la ligne d'ancrage et la liaison souple. Cette voilure déborde sur la semelle 4 afin de bien guider le déplacement de l'élément d'ancrage.The leading end of the ground is extended by a blade 16, which can for example be made of steel or plastic, which puts "in the shade" the sensitive elements of the device, in particular the bent articulated element, the anchoring line and the flexible connection. This airfoil overflows on the sole 4 in order to properly guide the movement of the anchoring element.

Le dispositif d'ancrage selon l'invention est mis en oeuvre par la combinaison des étapes suivantes :

  • a) avant d'enfoncer l'élément d'ancrage 1, on attache audit élément la ligne d'ancrage 3 dont le diamètre est choisi inférieur à la dimension dudit élément en section par un plan perpendiculaire à la direction d'application de la force d'enfoncement, et on applique le long de l'élément, du côté opposé à son extrémité d'attaque, la portion de cette ligne d'ancrage voisine du point d'attache, de manière à le faire pénétrer dans le sol en même temps que l'élément,
  • b) l'élément d'ancrage est conçu de façon telle que le maître-couple soit le plus faible possible pour profiter au mieux de l'énergie de battage. Il est préférable qu'il soit positionné en avant de tous les organes articulables (câble 3 et élément articulé 9) de sorte qu'ils soient protégés au cours du battage puisqu'ils sont dans "l'ombre" de ce maître-couple.
  • c) après avoir enfoncé ledit élément à la profondeur désirée, une traction sur la ligne d'ancrage 3 en surface, sous n'importe quelle hauteur vers le haut induit une composante verticale vers le haut qui fait immédiatement et spontanément basculer l'élément articulé 9 et pivoter l'élément d'ancrage 1.
The anchoring device according to the invention is implemented by the combination of the following steps:
  • a) before driving in the anchoring element 1, the anchoring line 3 is attached to said element, the diameter of which is chosen to be less than the dimension of said element in section by a plane perpendicular to the direction of application of the force of penetration, and one applies along the element, on the side opposite to its leading end, the portion of this anchoring line close to the point of attachment, so as to make it penetrate into the ground at the same time time that the item,
  • b) the anchoring element is designed in such a way that the master torque is as low as possible to make the most of the threshing energy. It is preferable that it be positioned in front of all the articulated members (cable 3 and articulated element 9) so that they are protected during threshing since they are in the "shadow" of this master couple.
  • c) after having pressed said element to the desired depth, a pull on the anchor line 3 on the surface, at any height upwards induces a vertical component upwards which immediately and spontaneously rock the articulated element 9 and pivot the anchoring element 1.

Trois caractéristiques inhérentes du dispositif selon l'invention permettent de déclencher ce mécanisme de basculement lorsque ces caractéristiques sont utilisées en combinaison :

  • l'élément articulé 9 présente une forme coudée, la concavité du coude est tournée du côté opposé à ladite extrémité d'attaque 2. L'extrémité 12 de l'élément articulé 9 présente à son extrémité libre 9a un chanfrein dont le tranchant est dirigé vers l'extérieur.
  • les axes de traction 11 et de pivotement 10 de l'élément articulé 9 sont excentrés (Fig. 2) par rapport au plan d'enfoncement Δ passant par le centre de gravité G de l'élément d'ancrage. Cet excentrement favorise l'amorce du basculement de l'élément d'ancrage par rapport à un axe horizontal.
  • la position du centre de gravité entre le point d'attache sur l'axe de traction 11 et l'axe de pivotement 10 favorise le couple moteur dû à la traction sur la ligne d'ancrage 3 et à la pression des terres P sur l'élément articulé 9. La figure 3 schématise l'amorce du pivotement de la partie basculante. Le basculement s'arrête (Fig. 4) lorsque la résultante barycentrique R des pressions des terres en butée sur le maître-couple de l'élément d'ancrage s'aligne avec la traction T sur le câble. Dans ce cas, T est inférieur à R.
Three inherent characteristics of the device according to the invention make it possible to trigger this tilting mechanism when these characteristics are used in combination:
  • the articulated element 9 has a bent shape, the concavity of the elbow is turned on the side opposite to said leading end 2. The end 12 of the articulated element 9 has at its free end 9a a chamfer whose cutting edge is directed outwards.
  • the axes of traction 11 and of pivoting 10 of the articulated element 9 are eccentric (Fig. 2) relative to the driving plane Δ passing through the center of gravity G of the anchoring element. This eccentricity promotes the initiation of the tilting of the anchoring element relative to a horizontal axis.
  • the position of the center of gravity between the point of attachment on the traction axis 11 and the pivot axis 10 favors the engine torque due to the traction on the anchor line 3 and to the pressure of the earths P on l 'articulated element 9. Figure 3 shows schematically the initiation of pivoting of the tilting part. The tilting stops (Fig. 4) when the barycentric resultant R of the earth pressures in abutment on the master-couple of the anchoring element aligns with the traction T on the cable. In this case, T is less than R.

Si l'élément d'ancrage a été mis en place à une profondeur supérieure à la profondeur critique (2 à 4 fois la plus grande dimension de l'élément d'ancrage), le mécanisme de butée des terres en souterrain est parfaitement stable en ce sens qu'il y a écoulement de matière de sol, du côté comprimé MC vers le côté décomprimé MD. Dans une telle situation, la résistance statique d'ancrage ou tenue d'ancrage permanente Fα est parfaitement stable (Fig. 5).If the anchoring element has been installed at a depth greater than the critical depth (2 to 4 times the largest dimension of the anchoring element), the mechanism for the abutment of underground soil is perfectly stable in meaning that there is a flow of soil material from the compressed side M C to the decompressed side M D. In such a situation, the static anchoring resistance or permanent anchoring strength F α is perfectly stable (Fig. 5).

Dans le cas d'un sol saturé (au fond de la mer) (Fig. 6), une traction rapide par rapport à l'écoulement de l'eau interstitielle dans les pores provoque un effet de succion FD qui s'ajoute à la résistance statique Fα précédemment citée pour résister aux efforts dynamiques sur la ligne d'ancrage.In the case of saturated soil (at the bottom of the sea) (Fig. 6), a rapid pull in relation to the flow of pore water in the pores causes a suction effect F D which is added to the static resistance F α previously mentioned to resist the dynamic forces on the anchor line.

Cette force FD s'écrit :

F D = (P₁ - P₂) S

Figure imgb0001


This force F D is written:

F D = (P₁ - P₂) S
Figure imgb0001

S étant l'aire de l'élément d'ancrage, P₁ et P₂ étant les pressions de l'eau interstitielle à l'avant et à l'arrière de l'élément d'ancrage, S son aire.S being the area of the anchoring element, P₁ and P₂ being the pressures of the pore water at the front and at the rear of the anchoring element, S its area.

A faible profondeur d'enfouissement (Fig. 7), la résistance d'ancrage est limitée par la force d'entrainement F d'un volume de sol ayant la forme approximative d'un cône inversé incliné situé au-dessus du système d'ancrage (zone hachurée).At shallow burial depth (Fig. 7), the anchoring resistance is limited by the driving force F of a volume of soil having the approximate shape of an inclined inverted cone situated above the system of anchoring (hatched area).

Le dispositif peut éventuellement être retiré du sol. A cet effet, il sera par exemple muni d'au moins un câble d'extraction ou de tout autre moyen d'extraction connu, fixé en au moins un point 13 sur l'élément articulé 9 et qui permet éventuellement d'extraire du sol l'élément d'ancrage grâce à une traction verticale ou en arrière exercée de la surface.The device can optionally be removed from the ground. For this purpose, it will for example be provided with at least one extraction cable or any other known extraction means, fixed at at least one point 13 on the articulated element 9 and which optionally makes it possible to extract from the ground the anchor by vertical or backward pull from the surface.

Un mode particulièrement avantageux de réalisation du dispositif d'ancrage selon l'invention est illustré par les figures 8 et 9. Sa forme plus compacte, son extrémité d'attaque du sol 2 symétrique par rapport au plan d'enfoncement et son corps principal 6 taillé dans un profilé IPN ou HPN sur lequel repose une plus grande enclume 7 permettent au dispositif d'ancrage, en raison d'un maître-couple plus petit, un bon enfouissement dans les sols durs aussi bien que dans les roches tendres et une bonne position de blocage.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the anchoring device according to the invention is illustrated by FIGS. 8 and 9. Its more compact shape, its end for attacking the ground 2 symmetrical with respect to the driving plane and its main body 6 cut in an IPN or HPN profile on which rests a larger anvil 7 allow the anchoring device, due to a smaller master torque, good burial in hard soils as well as in soft rocks and good blocking position.

Les types d'ancres selon l'invention, peuvent être disposés en série ou en parallèle tout en étant reliés entre eux par des lignes d' ancrage. Ce dispositif augmente alors la force d'ancrage.The types of anchors according to the invention can be arranged in series or in parallel while being interconnected by anchor lines. This device then increases the anchoring force.

Des essais en laboratoire ont été réalisés avec un dispositif d'ancrage pesant 2,8 kg. L'ancre a été enfouie par battage dans du sable saturé d'eau à 1,35 mètre de profondeur. Les caractéristiques de l'ancre étaient les suivantes :

- longueur totale de l'ancre :
330 mm
- largeur totale de l'ancre :
160 mm
- longueur de l'élément articulé L :
100 mm
- largeur de l'élément articulé 1 :
160 mm
- angle du coude de l'élément articulé :
125°
- débattement angulaire :
55°
- dimension transversale du téton d :
20 mm
- longueur du téton h :
50 mm
- distance entre l'axe de traction et l'axe de pivotement
: 95 mm
- distance entre l'axe de traction et l'extrémité d'attaque :
135 mm
Laboratory tests have been carried out with a device anchor weighing 2.8 kg. The anchor was hammered into sand saturated with water 1.35 meters deep. The characteristics of the anchor were as follows:
- total length of the anchor:
330 mm
- total width of the anchor:
160 mm
- length of the articulated element L:
100 mm
- width of the articulated element 1:
160 mm
- angle of the elbow of the articulated element:
125 °
- angular travel:
55 °
- transverse dimension of the nipple d:
20 mm
- length of the nipple h:
50 mm
- distance between the traction axis and the pivot axis
: 95 mm
- distance between the axis of traction and the leading end:
135 mm

Dans ces conditions, on a exercé une traction horizontale de 3 tonnes et une traction verticale de 1,5 tonnes sans que l'ancre ne ressorte du sol.Under these conditions, a horizontal traction of 3 tonnes and a vertical traction of 1.5 tonnes were exerted without the anchor coming out of the ground.

Le dispositif selon l'invention convient pour des travaux en mer et fournit une tenue d'ancrage très élevée pour des supports flottants ou semi-flottants quel que soit le sol rencontré. Il peut maintenir la structure rigoureusement en position et assurer aussi la longévité de l'ancrage.The device according to the invention is suitable for work at sea and provides a very high anchoring strength for floating or semi-floating supports whatever the ground encountered. It can keep the structure rigorously in position and also ensure the longevity of the anchoring.

Claims (11)

  1. Anchorage device comprising an anchorage element designed to penetrate into the ground under the action of penetrating forces, in particular, percussion, this anchorage element comprising at least one rigid principal body having at least one leading end to be driven into the ground, the said penetration forces being basically exerted in accordance with a plane of penetration passing through the said leading end driven into the ground and an axis of percussion or propulsion associated with the principal body, at least one articulated element (9) connected so that it pivots on the said principal body and having a limited angular movement, at least one anchorage line (3) connected to the said principal body by means of a flexible connection with at least one point of attachment (11) located between the said leading end (2) and the centre of gravity (G) of the bearing surface of the principal body, the said point of attachment (11) being in front of the centre of gravity (G), the said plane of penetration passing through the said centre of gravity (G), the said device providing the following combination :
    a. A cranked shape forming the said articulated element (9), the said cranked shape forming the said articulated element (9) presenting a concave surface on the side opposite to the said leading end (2).
    b. Location of the said centre of gravity (G) between the said point of attachment (11) of the anchorage line (3) and the articulation (10) for the said articulated element (9), and
    c. An offset relative to the plane of penetration (Δ) of the said point of attachment (11), this being fixed and also the said articulation (10), this being positioned in accordance with an axis perpendicular to the said axis of percussion in the part opposite to the leading end driven into the ground, relative to the centre of gravity, so that the application of a tractive force on the anchorage line (3) results in rotation of the articulated element (9) and pivoting of the anchorage element.
  2. Anchorage device in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the element (9) includes an articulated plane surface on that part of the cranked element furthest from the said articulation (10).
  3. Anchorage device in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the part of the articulated element (9) furthest from the said axis of articulation (10) has a curved shape, the radius of curvature r being at least equal to the distance separating the said axis of articulation (10) from the leading end driven into the ground (2).
  4. Anchorage device in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the articulated element (9) includes a chamfer (12) at its free end, its thin edge being directed outwards.
  5. Anchorage device in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the angular movement of the said articulated element (9) relative to the plane of penetration (Δ) is between 30° and 60° and is, preferably, approximately 45°.
  6. Anchorage device in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the length of the articulated element (9) separating the articulation (10) from the free end (9a) of the said element (9) is between one-half and one-tenth of the total length of the anchorage element.
  7. Anchorage device in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the anchorage element (1) includes a means of guidance (8) for the penetration forces, this means of guidance (8) having a length (h) of between two and six times its transversal dimension (d).
  8. Anchorage device in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the leading end driven into the ground (2) and forming part of the anchorage element (1) has a dissymmetrical form relative to the plane of penetration (Δ).
  9. Anchorage device in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the leading end driven into the ground (2) and forming part of the anchorage element (1) has a symmetrical form relative to the plane of penetration (Δ).
  10. Anchorage device in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the length of the articulated element (9), measured from the articulation (10) up to its free end (9a), the distance separating the articulation (10) of the said element at the point of attachment (11) from the anchorage line (3) and the distance separating the said point of attachment (11) at the leading end driven into the ground (2) from the anchorage element (1) are each basically equal to one-third of the total length of the anchorage element (1).
  11. Anchorage device in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the ratio of the length of the anchorage element, measured in accordance with the plane of penetration (Δ), to the width of the said element is between 1/3 and 10 and, preferably, between 1 and 5.
EP85400905A 1984-05-11 1985-05-09 Anchoring device comprising a hinged angular part Expired - Lifetime EP0161190B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8407281 1984-05-11
FR8407281A FR2564120B1 (en) 1984-05-11 1984-05-11 ANCHORING DEVICE WITH ARTICULATED ELEMENT HAVING A BENT SHAPE

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EP0161190A2 EP0161190A2 (en) 1985-11-13
EP0161190A3 EP0161190A3 (en) 1987-06-10
EP0161190B1 true EP0161190B1 (en) 1991-07-10

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EP (1) EP0161190B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60246921A (en)
BR (1) BR8502311A (en)
CA (1) CA1251319A (en)
DE (1) DE3583415D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8609557A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2564120B1 (en)
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US20100223862A1 (en) * 2009-03-06 2010-09-09 Jacobus Nicolaas Smit Multi-purpose auger-type anchoring system
GB2481022B (en) * 2010-06-08 2014-10-08 Dean Bowie Anchor apparatus
NO331792B1 (en) * 2010-08-10 2012-04-02 Deep Sea Anchors As A gravity-installed anchor and procedure for installing the anchor
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USD747633S1 (en) * 2014-03-13 2016-01-19 Anchoring Rope and Rigging Pty Ltd. Anchor
US20150314833A1 (en) 2014-05-01 2015-11-05 Christopher Betcher Corrosion-and-chafing-resistant, mooring system and method
JP6854230B2 (en) * 2017-10-20 2021-04-07 日本電信電話株式会社 Branch line anchor placement system, branch line anchor placement method, geological data measurement device, branch line anchor placement tool, and computer program
CN111301610B (en) * 2020-02-17 2021-08-20 大连理工大学 Combined power anchor of folding anchor shank and verticality control method thereof during underwater falling
USD974150S1 (en) * 2021-04-06 2023-01-03 Tsan-Jee Chen Anchor head
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FR1453190A (en) * 1965-11-12 1966-04-15 Powerful anchoring
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FR2470823A1 (en) * 1979-11-29 1981-06-12 Cargiolli Pierre Earth anchor for stabilising piles - consists of triangular strip, with lateral fins incorporating guy rope attachment points
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4688360A (en) 1987-08-25
ES543063A0 (en) 1986-07-16
FR2564120B1 (en) 1986-11-14
DE3583415D1 (en) 1991-08-14
FR2564120A1 (en) 1985-11-15
BR8502311A (en) 1986-01-21
NO166276C (en) 1991-06-26
ES8609557A1 (en) 1986-07-16
CA1251319A (en) 1989-03-21
EP0161190A3 (en) 1987-06-10
JPS60246921A (en) 1985-12-06
NO166276B (en) 1991-03-18
EP0161190A2 (en) 1985-11-13
JPH0561411B2 (en) 1993-09-06
NO851870L (en) 1985-11-12

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