EP0024221B1 - Marine anchor, especially for large tonnage ships - Google Patents

Marine anchor, especially for large tonnage ships Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0024221B1
EP0024221B1 EP80401083A EP80401083A EP0024221B1 EP 0024221 B1 EP0024221 B1 EP 0024221B1 EP 80401083 A EP80401083 A EP 80401083A EP 80401083 A EP80401083 A EP 80401083A EP 0024221 B1 EP0024221 B1 EP 0024221B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchor
coupling device
ploughshare
anchor according
plane
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Expired
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EP80401083A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0024221A1 (en
Inventor
Armand Colin
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Bpifrance Financement SA
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Agence National de Valorisation de la Recherche ANVAR
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Publication of EP0024221A1 publication Critical patent/EP0024221A1/en
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Publication of EP0024221B1 publication Critical patent/EP0024221B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/24—Anchors
    • B63B21/38—Anchors pivoting when in use
    • B63B21/44—Anchors pivoting when in use with two or more flukes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a marine anchor, in particular for large tonnage ships, of the type comprising a coupling device which comprises at least one rod, and a balance which is articulated in the vicinity of one end of the coupling device around an axis perpendicular to a longitudinal plane of symmetry of the anchor and which has two branches constituting the arms of the anchor and extending on either side of the coupling device.
  • An anchor of this type is known, called the Porter anchor, which comprises a straight rod extended by a yoke in which the pendulum is articulated.
  • This anchor was designed to overcome certain disadvantages of ordinary jas anchors, one of which was that the anchor line tended to wrap around the arm of the anchor protruding above the bottom when the ship revolved around its anchor, which could cause the heaving of the latter, and the other that this protruding arm could burst the hull in the case of boats of small drafts moored by shallow depths.
  • the balance of the Porter anchor is arranged so that, when one of the arms is engaged in the bottom, the other arm is folded down along the rod which, in principle, makes it possible to avoid these dangers .
  • Patent FR-A-2 366 987 describes, on the other hand, two anchors and an anchoring system making it possible to use these anchors separately or in combination to obtain maximum efficiency in all the possible varieties of land considered on the surface and in thickness.
  • One of these anchors has an anchoring element of the “plowshare” type comprising a rod articulated to a pyramidal angular surface forming dihedral angles with closed point, this pyramidal surface being able to be provided with fins.
  • This anchor is suitable for soft to very hard ground while the other anchor, with an anchoring element of the “curtain” type, is suitable for soft and very soft ground.
  • the effective use of the anchors described in the aforementioned French patent is linked to the knowledge of the nature of the ground in which they must penetrate.
  • this requirement does not constitute an obstacle in the case of floating devices such as, for example, drilling platforms, dredges, wharves, fast current river crossing installations, etc., for which the mooring site is always studied beforehand, this is not the case for large vessels which cannot benefit from long preliminary field studies.
  • the anchors mentioned above are so-called "positioning anchors which act only on one side of the grip, and are therefore non-reversible, and which must be placed on the bottom in the correct position. This is ensured by an auxiliary vessel in the case of the aforementioned floating devices but is not suitable for vessels which may need to anchor quickly while they have a certain speed.
  • the invention aims to provide a versatile anchor which satisfies the above requirements to the greatest extent possible.
  • each arm carries at its free end a share which the converging end part is oriented on the side of the other end of the coupling device , the convex faces of the two plowshares carried by the balance being arranged opposite one another.
  • said plowshares comprise, in a manner known per se, dihedrons having a profile in the form of a pyramid having an edge and a face opposite to it, and each two fins extending outwards with respect to the lateral faces of the dihedral, in a common plane perpendicular to the bisector plane of the dihedral, in that this anchor comprises stop means defining two extreme positions between which the pendulum can oscillate and in that the coulters are fixed on the arms according to a relative arrangement such that, in each of said extreme positions, considered in said longitudinal plane of symmetry, one of the coulters is separated from the coupling device and on its face opposite to its edge which diverges with respect to the latter in considering a direction from said coupling device towards said share, while the converging end part of the other share is placed in the immediate vicinity of the coupling device and that the .face of said other coulter opposite its edge converges towards the coupling device considering a direction from said coulter towards the coup
  • the angle between the plane of the blades of the share adjacent to the coupling device and a median plane of the coupling device containing the articulation axis is greater than the angle between the plane fins of the other ploughshare with this median plane, in said extreme positions.
  • said anchor comprises at least two pendulums which are joined to the coupling device by a connecting device and whose articulation axes are aligned.
  • the anchor shown comprises a coupling device A, constituted by a straight rod 1, and a balance 2 which are symmetrical with respect to a common longitudinal plane.
  • the pendulum 2 is articulated around an articulation axis 4 perpendicular to the plane of symmetry in a yoke 3 disposed at one end of the rod 1.
  • the pendulum 2 is preferably of arcuate shape and has its concavity directed towards the side of the rod 1.
  • This balance has two equal branches 5a and 5b constituting the arms of the anchor and each ending in a substantially straight portion 6a, 6b making an elbow towards the inside of the concavity of the balance 2 with respect to the adjacent curved part of the arm.
  • Each of the arms 5a and 5b carries a share 7a and 7b respectively constituted by a dihedron having in profile a shape of a pyramid.
  • the convex faces of the plowshares 7a and 7b are turned towards each other and each of the arms extends towards the interior of the concavity of the dihedral of the corresponding ploughshare through a slot 8 formed along the edge 9 dihedral.
  • the rectilinear part 6a, 6b of the arms extends inside the concavity of the corresponding share along the edge 9 of the latter and its free end G protrudes beyond the front edge of the share so to form a claw for taking rock.
  • This straight part 6a, 6b of the arm is fixed to the lateral faces 10 of the dihedral by any suitable means, for example by welding.
  • the dihedral can be stiffened by reinforcements.
  • the lateral faces 10 of the ploughshare are extended towards the outside by fins 11 arranged in a common plane perpendicular to the bisector plane of the dihedral, this bisector plane constituting the common plane of symmetry for the rod, the pendulum and the plowshares.
  • the edge 9 is inclined on the plane fins 11 with an angle ⁇ of between approximately 10 ° and 45 °, and preferably between 20 ° and 35 °, from the rear edge of the dihedral to the front edge adjacent to the end G forming a claw.
  • the lateral faces 10 of the dihedral make an angle p between them, preferably equal to approximately 90 °.
  • the converging end 12 of the share can be either closed, as shown in the drawings, or truncated.
  • the rod 1 has in the plane of symmetry S of the anchor two opposite edges 13 and 14 which are preferably bevelled as shown in the section of FIG. 1A.
  • the corresponding edges of the yoke 3 are also bevelled, as well as the internal edge 15 of the balance 2 which is oriented towards the side of its concavity, as appears on the section of FIG. 1 B.
  • the anchor of Figs. 1 and 2 is completed by a jas 16 which passes through an orifice 17 of the rod 1.
  • the presence of this jas is necessary in the case of an anchor with a single rod to ensure the cabanage.
  • a hole 18 is provided at the free end of the rod 1 to allow the member of a wetting line to be fixed there.
  • the pendulum 2 can oscillate around the axis 4 between two extreme positions which are determined by the abutment, on the one hand of the internal edge 15 of the arms 5a and 5b respectively against edges of the front edge 19 and 20 of the yoke 3 and, on the other hand, of the claw G of the arms 5a and 5b against the edges 14 and 13 respectively of the rod 1.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show one of these extreme positions where it is the arm 5 b which is in abutment.
  • this relative arrangement of the coulters is preferably such that, in the two extreme positions of the balance, the angle 8 formed by the plane of the fins 11 of the share adjacent to the rod with the median plane S 2 -S 2 of the rod containing the axis of articulation 4 is greater than the angle ⁇ p made by the plane of the fins 11 of the other ploughshare with the plane S z -S z .
  • the angle 0 can be between approximately 35 ° and 50 ° and is preferably equal to 40 ° and the angle ⁇ can be between approximately 10 and 20 ° and is preferably equal to 12 °.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows an anchor which is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal plane of trace S 1 -S 1 and which comprises two yards 101 fixed parallel to each other in the vicinity of each of their ends and each carrying an identical balance and plowshares to those just described, the axes of articulation of the two pendulums being aligned.
  • the yokes arranged at the ends of the two yards 101 are rigidly connected to each other by a connecting device constituted by a straight cross member 121, while these yards are joined at their other end by a piece 122 in the form fork which forms with the rods the coupling device A of the anchor.
  • An axis 123 extends between the yards 101 and carries a flap 124 which can tilt, between the branches of the fork 122, between two extreme positions limited by stops not shown in the drawing. In operation, this component does not directly have the role of increasing the holding force, but it does so indirectly by delaying the moment when the yards 101 are raised by reaction from the ground in which they are buried on the cable or the chain of the mooring line.
  • FIG. 4 shows another alternative embodiment where the reference numbers of FIGS. 1 and 2 have been increased by the number 200 to designate similar parts.
  • This anchor differs essentially from that of FIG. 3 by the fact that it comprises three yards 201 each carrying a balance and plowshares identical to those described with regard to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the yokes of the three yards are joined together by a cross member 221 and the yards are joined at their other end by a fork with three branches 222 completing the coupling device A of the anchor.
  • Flaps 224 playing the same role as flap 124 are articulated between the pairs of adjacent branches of the fork 222.
  • the section of FIG. shows in more detail an embodiment of a three-yard anchor of the type shown in FIG. 4, it being understood that, in number of yards and pendulums, the description below is also valid for the anchor of FIG. 3.
  • the straight beam 221 has a concave shape, its concavity being turned towards the side of the yards 201, so as to form an additional retaining surface.
  • the longitudinal edges of the crosspiece 221 are preferably constituted by sharp attack lips 225 to facilitate the penetration of the beam into the ground.
  • the rods in the case of an anchor with several pendulums, it is not necessary for the rods to be parallel: they can extend obliquely from the yokes and then merge with the branches of the piece in the form of fork.
  • the yards of the coupling device can be fixed directly to the cross member, and not to the yokes, and the number of yards may be different from that of the pendulums.
  • the connection device between the screeds is not limited to a straight crossmember but can take any suitable shape capable of ensuring a rigid mounting of the yokes such that the articulation axes of the pendulums are parallel or aligned.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate the operation of the anchor according to the invention. It will be assumed that this is the anchor with two yards and two pairs of plowshares in Fig. 3, noting however that the operation of the three-yard anchor of FIG. 4 would be absolutely identical.
  • these two anchors have an intrinsic stability, due to the importance of the width 1 of their wingspan relative to their length L, which means that, even if these anchors are placed sideways on the bottom, they tend to switch to the hanging position shown in Figs. 3 and 4 when they are subjected to traction.
  • this lateral stability is ensured by the jas 16; the anchor is then placed on the bottom by three points, namely the end of the rod 1 connected to the mooring line (not shown), one of the ends of the jas 16 and one of the coulters 7a and 7 b .
  • the angle y has a value lower than that which it had at the start of the burial phase (Fig. 6) and equal to the angle ⁇ , this value being however sufficient to keep the anchor buried at against the upward reaction of the ground on this anchor, which results from the traction due to the mooring line.
  • the anchor according to the invention then provides very good resistance which, at equal mass, is however improved compared to that of these conventional anchors thanks to the additional resistance provided by the surface of the fins 111
  • Another advantage of these fins is that, if the limit strength of the metal of which they are made is reached, they deform without the loose anchor taken, so that it continues to slow down the movement of the ship.
  • a conventional anchor either it may drop, or the mooring line may break.
  • the latter may break.
  • this characteristic of elasticity of the whole anchor-anchor line is further increased by the fact that, in the limiting case mentioned above, the faces 10 of the dihedral tend to close towards one another, either elastically without permanent deformation, or beyond the elastic limit of the metal with permanent deformation, which in both cases absorbs part of the tensile force exerted by the wetting line while maintaining the grip of the 'anchor.
  • the anchor If the anchor is working in softer ground, it continues to sink until the other ploughshare 107 b also begins to enter the ground. If the ground is very soft, the anchor can bury itself completely in the ground as shown in Fig. 7. It then manifests its advantage over the other anchors of the prior art in that, to the tensile strength offered by the convex face of the lower ploughshare 107a and by the concave face of the cross member 121, the resistance due to the concave face of the upper share 107 b , which works with respect to the horizontal at an angle 8 greater than y, and equal to 9 when the rod is horizontal.
  • the active surfaces of the ploughshare 107a, the beam 121 and the share 107 b successively involved in procuring, not a single working angle but a set of angular arrangements arranged to promote the penetration capabilities, anchoring and holding the anchor.
  • the anchor ensures an almost constant anchoring force whatever the nature of the terrain encountered, in which it differs considerably from conventional multipurpose anchors which in fact have characteristics of behavior very variable according to the nature of the grounds.
  • the anchor according to the invention is particularly suitable for large tonnage ships, its application is obviously not limited to this type of vessels.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne une ancre de marine, en particulier pour navires de gros tonnages, du type comprenant un dispositif d'attelage qui comporte au moins une verge, et un balancier qui est articulé au voisinage d'une extrémité du dispositif d'attelage autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à un plan longitudinal de symétrie de l'ancre et qui présente deux branches constituant les bras de l'ancre et s'étendant de part et d'autre du dispositif d'attelage.The present invention relates to a marine anchor, in particular for large tonnage ships, of the type comprising a coupling device which comprises at least one rod, and a balance which is articulated in the vicinity of one end of the coupling device around an axis perpendicular to a longitudinal plane of symmetry of the anchor and which has two branches constituting the arms of the anchor and extending on either side of the coupling device.

On connaît une ancre de ce type, dite ancre Porter, qui comprend une verge rectiligne prolongée par une chape dans laquelle est articulé le balancier. Cette ancre avait été conçue dans le but de remédier à certains inconvénients des ancres ordinaires à jas, dont l'un était que la ligne de mouillage avait tendance à s'enrouler autour du bras de l'ancre en saillie au-dessus du fond lorsque le navire tournait autour de son ancre, ce qui pouvait provoquer le déchaussement de celle-ci, et l'autre que ce bras en saillie pouvait crever la coque dans le cas d'embarcations de faibles tirants d'eau mouillées par faibles profondeurs. Le balancier de l'ancre Porter est agencé de telle sorte que, lorsque l'un des bras est en prise dans le fond, l'autre bras est rabattu le long de la verge ce qui, en principe, permet d'éviter ces dangers.An anchor of this type is known, called the Porter anchor, which comprises a straight rod extended by a yoke in which the pendulum is articulated. This anchor was designed to overcome certain disadvantages of ordinary jas anchors, one of which was that the anchor line tended to wrap around the arm of the anchor protruding above the bottom when the ship revolved around its anchor, which could cause the heaving of the latter, and the other that this protruding arm could burst the hull in the case of boats of small drafts moored by shallow depths. The balance of the Porter anchor is arranged so that, when one of the arms is engaged in the bottom, the other arm is folded down along the rod which, in principle, makes it possible to avoid these dangers .

Les brevets US 2 245 807 et 2 200 695 décrivent des ancres de conception analogue à l'ancre Porter, mais dont les extrémités du balancier sont pourvues, comme les ancres à jas, de pelles constituées par des surfaces planes raidies par des nervures. La publication « Schip en werf (1972) vol. 39 numéro 26, p. 590 décrit une ancre à balancier dont les extrémités portent des oreilles ou pattes incurvées en fer de lance, orientées sensiblement du côté de l'extrémité iibre de la verge, et de petites dimensions.US Patents 2,245,807 and 2,200,695 describe anchors of a design similar to the Porter anchor, but the ends of the pendulum of which, like jas anchors, are provided with shovels formed by flat surfaces stiffened by ribs. The publication “Schip en werf (1972) vol. 39 number 26, p. 590 describes a pendulum anchor, the ends of which carry ears or curved spearhead legs, oriented substantially towards the free end of the rod, and of small dimensions.

Ces ancres présentent donc des caractéristiques analogues à celles des ancres à jas qui, comme l'ancre Porter, ne sont plus utilisées depuis longtemps en raison de leur faible puissance d'ancrage.These anchors therefore have characteristics similar to those of jas anchors which, like the Porter anchor, have not been used for a long time because of their low anchoring power.

On a donc eu recours depuis lors à d'autres modèles d'ancre, mais de nombreux essais, ainsi qu'un certain nombre d'accidents, ont montré que les modèles d'ancre actuellement utilisés sur gros et très gros navires ne présentent pas la tenue voulue dans les différentes conditions de mouillage que peuvent rencontrer les navires. C'est ainsi qu'avec des ancres de quelques centaines de kilos, favorisées par conséquent par leur rapport d'efficacité force d'ancrage/masse, on a pu constater une force d'ancrage comprise entre trois fois la masse de l'ancre en vase et neuf fois cette masse en sable. De plus, ces ancres pour gros navires font preuve d'une incapacité à pénétrer une sous-couche dure, d'une instabilité, d'une lenteur de prise et d'une non résistance à la traction pour une direction de celle-ci relevée de 10° seulement vers le haut par rapport à la surface du terrain dans lequel est accrochée l'ancre. Comme, par ailleurs, le rapport d'efficacité diminue lorsque la masse de l'ancre augmente, c'est-à-dire que cette augmentation, qui constitue un inconvénient du point de vue manutention et prix de revient notamment, ne se traduit pas par une augmentation corrélative de la puissance d'ancrage, ceci explique le peu de recours que les très gros navires peuvent espérer actuellement de leurs ancres.Since then, other anchor models have been used, but numerous tests, as well as a number of accidents, have shown that the anchor models currently used on large and very large vessels do not have the required dress in the different mooring conditions that ships may encounter. Thus, with anchors weighing a few hundred kilos, which are consequently favored by their anchoring force / mass efficiency ratio, we have been able to observe an anchoring force of between three times the mass of the anchor. in vase and nine times this mass in sand. In addition, these anchors for large ships show an inability to penetrate a hard underlay, instability, slow setting and non-tensile strength for a direction thereof raised only 10 ° upwards from the surface of the ground in which the anchor is hung. As, moreover, the efficiency ratio decreases when the mass of the anchor increases, that is to say that this increase, which constitutes a disadvantage from the point of view of handling and cost price in particular, does not translate by a corresponding increase in anchor power, this explains the little recourse that very large vessels can currently expect from their anchors.

Le brevet FR-A-2 366 987 décrit d'autre part deux ancres et un système d'ancrage permettant d'utiliser séparément ou en combinaison ces ancres pour obtenir le maximum d'efficacité dans toutes les variétés possibles de terrains considérés en surface et en épaisseur. L'une de ces ancres est à élément d'ancrage du genre « soc » comportant une verge articulée à une surface angulaire pyramidale formant des angles dièdres à pointe fermée, cette surface pyramidale pouvant être munie d'ailettes. Cette ancre convient pour les terrains mous à très durs tandis que l'autre ancre, à élément d'ancrage du genre « rideau », convient pour les terrains mous et très mous. Ces deux ancres tirent leur efficacité, non pas directement de l'effet d'enfoncement consécutif à une augmentation de leur masse, mais d'une géométrie spécialement étudiée en fonction des terrains qu'elles rencontrent.Patent FR-A-2 366 987 describes, on the other hand, two anchors and an anchoring system making it possible to use these anchors separately or in combination to obtain maximum efficiency in all the possible varieties of land considered on the surface and in thickness. One of these anchors has an anchoring element of the “plowshare” type comprising a rod articulated to a pyramidal angular surface forming dihedral angles with closed point, this pyramidal surface being able to be provided with fins. This anchor is suitable for soft to very hard ground while the other anchor, with an anchoring element of the “curtain” type, is suitable for soft and very soft ground. These two anchors derive their effectiveness, not directly from the driving effect following an increase in their mass, but from a geometry specially studied according to the terrains they meet.

Toutefois, l'utilisation efficace des ancres décrites au brevet français précité est liée à la connaissance de la nature du terrain dans lequel elles doivent pénétrer. Or, si cette exigence ne constitue pas un obstacle dans le cas d'engins flottants tels que, par exemple, des plates-formes de forage, des dragues, des appontements, des installations de franchissement de fleuves à courant rapide, etc, pour lesquels le site du mouillage est toujours étudié préalablement, ce n'est pas le cas pour les gros navires qui ne peuvent bénéficier de longues études préliminaires de terrain. En outre, les ancres évoquées ci-dessus sont des ancres dites de « positionnement qui n'agissent que par un seul côté de prise, et sont donc non réversibles, et qui doivent être déposées sur le fond dans la bonne position. Ceci est assuré par un navire auxiliaire dans le cas des engins flottants précités mais ne convient pas pour des navires qui peuvent avoir besoin de mouiller rapidement alors qu'ils possèdent une certaine vitesse.However, the effective use of the anchors described in the aforementioned French patent is linked to the knowledge of the nature of the ground in which they must penetrate. However, if this requirement does not constitute an obstacle in the case of floating devices such as, for example, drilling platforms, dredges, wharves, fast current river crossing installations, etc., for which the mooring site is always studied beforehand, this is not the case for large vessels which cannot benefit from long preliminary field studies. In addition, the anchors mentioned above are so-called "positioning anchors which act only on one side of the grip, and are therefore non-reversible, and which must be placed on the bottom in the correct position. This is ensured by an auxiliary vessel in the case of the aforementioned floating devices but is not suitable for vessels which may need to anchor quickly while they have a certain speed.

En effet, une qualité essentielle que doit présenter une ancre pour navire est d'être fiable, c'est-à-dire qu'elle doit offrir une certitude de fonctionnement maximale dans toutes les situations que peut rencontrer le navire, en particulier lorsque celui-ci est en mouvement sous l'action du vent et des courants. Pour présenter cette fiabilité, l'ancre doit en particulier répondre aux exigences suivantes :

  • - prise sous traction oblique et pas seulement horizontale ;
  • - prise avec faible glissement, même sur terrains durs ;
  • - pénétration dans tous les sols et pas seulement dans les sols mous ;
  • - capacité de prise quel que soit le côté où l'ancre a pris contact avec le fond ;
  • - stabilité aussi importante que possible ;
  • - interdiction d'une auto-stabilité latérale en position de dragage sur le côté ;
  • - aptitude à la tenue avec de faibles longueurs de la ligne de mouillage et sous des efforts de traction exceptionnels ;
  • - force d'ancrage aussi constante que possible dans les différentes variétés de terrains rencontrés en surface et en épaisseur, à savoir les terrains durs, mous et très mous ;
  • - masse aussi faible que possible.
Indeed, an essential quality that an anchor for a ship must have is to be reliable, that is to say that it must offer a maximum operating certainty in all situations that the ship may encounter, in particular when the one -this is in motion under the action of wind and currents. To present this reliability, the anchor must in particular meet the following requirements:
  • - taken under oblique traction and not only horizontal;
  • - grip with low slip, even on land hard rains;
  • - penetration in all soils and not only in soft soils;
  • - grip capacity whatever the side where the anchor made contact with the bottom;
  • - stability as high as possible;
  • - prohibition of lateral self-stability in dredging position on the side;
  • - ability to withstand with short lengths of the mooring line and under exceptional tensile forces;
  • - anchoring force as constant as possible in the different varieties of terrain encountered on the surface and in thickness, namely hard, soft and very soft terrain;
  • - mass as low as possible.

L'invention vise à réaliser une ancre polyvalente qui satisfasse dans la plus grande mesure possible aux exigences ci-dessus.The invention aims to provide a versatile anchor which satisfies the above requirements to the greatest extent possible.

A cet effet, elle a pour objet une ancre de marine du type précité, caractérisée en ce que chaque bras porte à son extrémité libre un soc dont la partie d'extrémité convergente est orientée du côté de l'autre extrémité du dispositif d'attelage, les faces convexes des deux socs portés par le balancier étant disposées en regard l'une de l'autre.To this end, it relates to a marine anchor of the aforementioned type, characterized in that each arm carries at its free end a share which the converging end part is oriented on the side of the other end of the coupling device , the convex faces of the two plowshares carried by the balance being arranged opposite one another.

Suivant une caractéristique de l'invention, lesdits socs comprennent, de façon connue en soi, des dièdres présentant un profil en forme de pyramide ayant une arête et une face opposée à celle-ci, et chacun deux ailettes s'étendant vers l'extérieur par rapport aux faces latérales du dièdre, dans un plan commun perpendiculaire au plan bissecteur du dièdre, en ce que cette ancre comprend des moyens de butée définissant deux positions extrêmes entre lesquelles peut osciller le balancier et en ce que les socs sont fixés sur les bras suivant une disposition relative telle que, dans chacune desdites positions extrêmes, considérées dans ledit plan de symétrie longitudinal, l'un des socs est écarté du dispositif d'attelage et à sa face opposée à son arête qui diverge par rapport à celui-ci en considérant une direction partant dudit dispositif d'attelage vers ledit soc, tandis que la partie d'extrémité convergente de l'autre soc est placée à proximité immédiate du dispositif d'attelage et que la.face dudit autre soc opposée à son arête converge vers le dispositif d'attelage en considérant une direction partant dudit soc vers le dispositif d'attelage.According to a characteristic of the invention, said plowshares comprise, in a manner known per se, dihedrons having a profile in the form of a pyramid having an edge and a face opposite to it, and each two fins extending outwards with respect to the lateral faces of the dihedral, in a common plane perpendicular to the bisector plane of the dihedral, in that this anchor comprises stop means defining two extreme positions between which the pendulum can oscillate and in that the coulters are fixed on the arms according to a relative arrangement such that, in each of said extreme positions, considered in said longitudinal plane of symmetry, one of the coulters is separated from the coupling device and on its face opposite to its edge which diverges with respect to the latter in considering a direction from said coupling device towards said share, while the converging end part of the other share is placed in the immediate vicinity of the coupling device and that the .face of said other coulter opposite its edge converges towards the coupling device considering a direction from said coulter towards the coupling device.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'angle entre le plan des ailettes du soc adjacent au dispositif d'attelage et un plan médian du dispositif d'attelage contenant l'axe d'articulation est supérieur à l'angle entre le plan des ailettes de l'autre soc avec ce plan médian, dans lesdites positions extrêmes.According to another characteristic of the invention, the angle between the plane of the blades of the share adjacent to the coupling device and a median plane of the coupling device containing the articulation axis is greater than the angle between the plane fins of the other ploughshare with this median plane, in said extreme positions.

Suivant encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, ladite ancre comprend au moins deux balanciers qui sont réunis au dispositif d'attelage par un dispositif de liaison et dont les axes d'articulation sont alignés.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, said anchor comprises at least two pendulums which are joined to the coupling device by a connecting device and whose articulation axes are aligned.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui va suivre de différents modes de réalisation donnés uniquement à titre d'exemples et illustrés par les dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la Figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une ancre suivant l'invention comportant une seule verge ;
  • la Figure 1A est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne 1A-1A de la Fig. 1 ;
  • la Figure 1 B est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne 1 B-1 B de la Fig. 1 ;
  • la Figure 2 est une vue en élévation latérale et en coupe partielle de l'ancre de la Fig. 1 ;
  • la Figure 3 est une vue de dessus d'une ancre suivant l'invention comportant deux verges et deux balanciers ;
  • la Figure 4 est une vue de dessus d'une ancre suivant l'invention à trois verges et trois balanciers ;
  • la Figure est une vue en coupe à plus grande échelle suivant la ligne 5-5 de la Fig. 4 ;
  • la Figure 6 est une vue en élévation latérale et en coupe partielle d'une ancre suivant l'invention considérée au début de la phase de pénétration dans un terrain ; et
  • la Figure 7 est une vue analogue à la Fig. 6 mais montrant l'ancre après pénétration et enfouissement total dans un terrain très mou.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows of different embodiments given solely by way of examples and illustrated by the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an anchor according to the invention comprising a single rod;
  • Figure 1A is a sectional view along line 1A-1A of FIG. 1;
  • Figure 1 B is a sectional view along line 1 B-1 B of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevational view in partial section of the anchor of FIG. 1;
  • Figure 3 is a top view of an anchor according to the invention comprising two yards and two pendulums;
  • Figure 4 is a top view of an anchor according to the invention with three yards and three pendulums;
  • Figure is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4;
  • Figure 6 is a side elevational view in partial section of an anchor according to the invention considered at the start of the penetration phase into a ground; and
  • FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6 but showing the anchor after penetration and total burial in very soft ground.

En se référant tout d'abord aux Fig. 1 et 2, l'ancre représentée comporte un dispositif d'attelage A, constitué par une verge rectiligne 1, et un balancier 2 qui sont symétriques par rapport à un plan longitudinal commun. Le balancier 2 est articulé autour d'un axe d'articulation 4 perpendiculaire au plan de symétrie dans une chape 3 disposée à une extrémité de la verge 1. Le balancier 2 est de préférence de forme arquée et a sa concavité dirigée du côté de la verge 1. Ce balancier présente deux branches égales 5a et 5b constituant les bras de l'ancre et se terminant chacune par une partie sensiblement rectiligne 6a, 6b faisant un coude vers l'intérieur de la concavité du balancier 2 par rapport à la partie incurvée adjacente du bras.Referring first to Figs. 1 and 2, the anchor shown comprises a coupling device A, constituted by a straight rod 1, and a balance 2 which are symmetrical with respect to a common longitudinal plane. The pendulum 2 is articulated around an articulation axis 4 perpendicular to the plane of symmetry in a yoke 3 disposed at one end of the rod 1. The pendulum 2 is preferably of arcuate shape and has its concavity directed towards the side of the rod 1. This balance has two equal branches 5a and 5b constituting the arms of the anchor and each ending in a substantially straight portion 6a, 6b making an elbow towards the inside of the concavity of the balance 2 with respect to the adjacent curved part of the arm.

Chacun des bras 5a et 5b porte un soc 7a et 7b respectivement constitué par un dièdre présentant de profil une forme de pyramide. Les faces convexes des socs 7a et 7b sont tournées l'une vers l'autre et chacun des bras s'étend vers l'intérieur de la concavité du dièdre du soc correspondant à travers une fente 8 ménagée le long de l'arête 9 du dièdre. La partie rectiligne 6a, 6b des bras s'étend à l'intérieur de la concavité du soc correspondant le long de l'arête 9 de celui-ci et son extrémité libre G fait saillie au-delà du bord avant du soc de façon à former une griffe pour prise de rocher. Cette partie rectiligne 6a, 6b du bras est fixée aux faces latérales 10 du dièdre par tout moyen approprié, par exemple par soudage. En outre, le dièdre peut être raidi par des renforts.Each of the arms 5a and 5b carries a share 7a and 7b respectively constituted by a dihedron having in profile a shape of a pyramid. The convex faces of the plowshares 7a and 7b are turned towards each other and each of the arms extends towards the interior of the concavity of the dihedral of the corresponding ploughshare through a slot 8 formed along the edge 9 dihedral. The rectilinear part 6a, 6b of the arms extends inside the concavity of the corresponding share along the edge 9 of the latter and its free end G protrudes beyond the front edge of the share so to form a claw for taking rock. This straight part 6a, 6b of the arm is fixed to the lateral faces 10 of the dihedral by any suitable means, for example by welding. In addition, the dihedral can be stiffened by reinforcements.

Les faces latérales 10 du soc sont prolongées vers l'extérieur par des ailettes 11 disposées dans un plan commun perpendiculaire au plan bissecteur du dièdre, ce plan bissecteur constituant le plan de symétrie commun pour la verge, le balancier et les socs. L'arête 9 est inclinée sur le plan des ailettes 11 d'un angle α compris entre 10° et 45° environ, et de préférence entre 20° et 35°, depuis le bord arrière du dièdre vers le bord avant adjacent à l'extrémité G formant griffe. D'autre part, les faces latérales 10 du dièdre font entre elles un angle p de préférence égal à environ 90°. Enfin, l'extrémité convergente 12 du soc peut être soit fermée, comme représenté aux dessins, soit tronquée.The lateral faces 10 of the ploughshare are extended towards the outside by fins 11 arranged in a common plane perpendicular to the bisector plane of the dihedral, this bisector plane constituting the common plane of symmetry for the rod, the pendulum and the plowshares. The edge 9 is inclined on the plane fins 11 with an angle α of between approximately 10 ° and 45 °, and preferably between 20 ° and 35 °, from the rear edge of the dihedral to the front edge adjacent to the end G forming a claw. On the other hand, the lateral faces 10 of the dihedral make an angle p between them, preferably equal to approximately 90 °. Finally, the converging end 12 of the share can be either closed, as shown in the drawings, or truncated.

Afin de faciliter la pénétration dans le terrain, la verge 1 présente dans le plan de symétrie S de l'ancre deux bords opposés 13 et 14 qui sont de préférence biseautés comme le montre la coupe de la Fig. 1A. Les bords correspondants de la chape 3 sont également biseautés, ainsi que le bord interne 15 du balancier 2 qui est orienté du côté de sa concavité, comme cela apparaît sur la coupe de la Fig. 1 B.In order to facilitate penetration into the ground, the rod 1 has in the plane of symmetry S of the anchor two opposite edges 13 and 14 which are preferably bevelled as shown in the section of FIG. 1A. The corresponding edges of the yoke 3 are also bevelled, as well as the internal edge 15 of the balance 2 which is oriented towards the side of its concavity, as appears on the section of FIG. 1 B.

L'ancre des Fig. 1 et 2 est complétée par un jas 16 qui traverse un orifice 17 de la verge 1. La présence de ce jas est nécessaire dans le cas d'une ancre à une seule verge pour assurer le cabanage. Enfin, un trou 18 est prévu à l'extrémité libre de la verge 1 pour permettre d'y fixer l'organeau d'une ligne de mouillage.The anchor of Figs. 1 and 2 is completed by a jas 16 which passes through an orifice 17 of the rod 1. The presence of this jas is necessary in the case of an anchor with a single rod to ensure the cabanage. Finally, a hole 18 is provided at the free end of the rod 1 to allow the member of a wetting line to be fixed there.

Le balancier 2 peut osciller autour de l'axe 4 entre deux positions extrêmes qui sont déterminées par la venue en appui, d'une part du bord interne 15 des bras 5a et 5b respectivement contre des arêtes du bord avant 19 et 20 de la chape 3 et, d'autre part, de la griffe G des bras 5a et 5b contre les arêtes 14 et 13 respectivement de la verge 1. Les Fig. 1 et 2 montrent l'une de ces positions extrêmes où c'est le bras 5b qui est en butée.The pendulum 2 can oscillate around the axis 4 between two extreme positions which are determined by the abutment, on the one hand of the internal edge 15 of the arms 5a and 5b respectively against edges of the front edge 19 and 20 of the yoke 3 and, on the other hand, of the claw G of the arms 5a and 5b against the edges 14 and 13 respectively of the rod 1. FIGS. 1 and 2 show one of these extreme positions where it is the arm 5 b which is in abutment.

Dans ces positions extrêmes, si l'on considère l'ancre dans un plan perpendiculaire à son axe d'articulation 4 comme c'est le cas à la Fig. 2, par exemple dans son plan de symétrie longitudinal, le plan des ailettes 11 du soc 7a écarté de la verge diverge par rapport à la verge 1 tandis que le plan des ailettes 11 de l'autre soc 7b proche de la verge 1 converge vers la verge. Bien entendu, on retrouve une disposition semblable, mais inverse, si c'est le bras 5a qui est appuyé contre la verge 1. Cette disposition relative de ces socs est importante car, comme on le verra dans la suite, elle permet de faire travailler simultanément les deux socs en cas d'enfouissement complet de l'ancre dans un sol mou ou très mou. En outre, cette disposition relative des socs est de préférence telle que, dans les deux positions extrêmes du balancier, l'angle 8 que fait le plan des ailettes 11 du soc adjacent à la verge avec le plan médian S2-S2 de la verge contenant l'axe d'articulation 4 est supérieur à l'angle <p que fait le plan des ailettes 11 de l'autre soc avec le plan Sz-Sz. L'angle 0 peut être compris entre 35° et 50° environ et est de préférence égal à 40° et l'angle ϕ peut être compris entre 10 et 20° environ et est de préférence égal à 12°.In these extreme positions, if we consider the anchor in a plane perpendicular to its axis of articulation 4 as is the case in FIG. 2, for example in its longitudinal plane of symmetry, the plane of the fins 11 of the ploughshare 7a separated from the rod diverges with respect to the rod 1 while the plane of the fins 11 of the other ploughshare 7b close to the rod 1 converges towards the penis. Of course, there is a similar arrangement, but reverse, if it is the arm 5a which is pressed against the rod 1. This relative arrangement of these plowshares is important because, as will be seen below, it makes it possible to make work simultaneously the two coulters in the event of complete burial of the anchor in soft or very soft soil. In addition, this relative arrangement of the coulters is preferably such that, in the two extreme positions of the balance, the angle 8 formed by the plane of the fins 11 of the share adjacent to the rod with the median plane S 2 -S 2 of the rod containing the axis of articulation 4 is greater than the angle <p made by the plane of the fins 11 of the other ploughshare with the plane S z -S z . The angle 0 can be between approximately 35 ° and 50 ° and is preferably equal to 40 ° and the angle ϕ can be between approximately 10 and 20 ° and is preferably equal to 12 °.

On se reportera maintenant à la Fig. 3 sur laquelle les mêmes numéros de référence que ceux des Fig. 1 et 2 mais augmentés du nombre 100 ont été utilisés pour désigner les éléments correspondants. Cette Fig. montre schématiquement une ancre qui est symétrique par rapport au plan longitudinal de trace S1-S1 et qui comprend deux verges 101 fixées parallèlement l'une à l'autre au voisinage de chacune de leurs extrémités et portant chacune un balancier et des socs identiques à ceux qui viennent d'être décrit, les axes d'articulation des deux balanciers étant alignés. Plus précisément, les chapes disposées aux extrémités des deux verges 101 sont reliées rigidement l'une à l'autre par un dispositif de liaison constitué par une traverse rectiligne 121, tandis que ces verges sont réunies à leur autre extrémité par une pièce 122 en forme de fourche qui forme avec les verges le dispositif d'attelage A de l'ancre. Un axe 123 s'étend entre les verges 101 et porte un volet 124 qui peut basculer, entre les branches de la fourche 122, entre deux positions extrêmes limitées par des butées non représentées sur le dessin. En fonctionnement, ce volet n'a pas directement pour rôle d'augmenter la force de tenue, mais il y parvient indirectement en retardant le moment où les verges 101 se trouvent soulevées par réaction du terrain dans lequel elles sont enfouies sur le câble ou la chaîne de la ligne de mouillage.We will now refer to FIG. 3 on which the same reference numbers as those of FIGS. 1 and 2 but increased by the number 100 were used to designate the corresponding elements. This Fig. schematically shows an anchor which is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal plane of trace S 1 -S 1 and which comprises two yards 101 fixed parallel to each other in the vicinity of each of their ends and each carrying an identical balance and plowshares to those just described, the axes of articulation of the two pendulums being aligned. More specifically, the yokes arranged at the ends of the two yards 101 are rigidly connected to each other by a connecting device constituted by a straight cross member 121, while these yards are joined at their other end by a piece 122 in the form fork which forms with the rods the coupling device A of the anchor. An axis 123 extends between the yards 101 and carries a flap 124 which can tilt, between the branches of the fork 122, between two extreme positions limited by stops not shown in the drawing. In operation, this component does not directly have the role of increasing the holding force, but it does so indirectly by delaying the moment when the yards 101 are raised by reaction from the ground in which they are buried on the cable or the chain of the mooring line.

La Fig. 4 montre une autre variante de réalisation où les numéros de référence des Fig. 1 et 2 ont été augmentés du nombre 200 pour désigner des parties similaires. Cette ancre diffère essentiellement de celle de la Fig. 3 par le fait qu'elle comporte trois verges 201 portant chacune un balancier et des socs identiques à ceux décrits en regard des Fig. 1 et 2. Les chapes des trois verges sont réunies entre elles par une traverse 221 et les verges sont réunies à leur autre extrémité par une fourche à trois branches 222 complétant le dispositif d'attelage A de l'ancre. Des volets 224 jouant le même rôle que le volet 124 sont articulés entre les paires de branches adjacentes de la fourche 222.Fig. 4 shows another alternative embodiment where the reference numbers of FIGS. 1 and 2 have been increased by the number 200 to designate similar parts. This anchor differs essentially from that of FIG. 3 by the fact that it comprises three yards 201 each carrying a balance and plowshares identical to those described with regard to FIGS. 1 and 2. The yokes of the three yards are joined together by a cross member 221 and the yards are joined at their other end by a fork with three branches 222 completing the coupling device A of the anchor. Flaps 224 playing the same role as flap 124 are articulated between the pairs of adjacent branches of the fork 222.

La coupe de la Fig. montre de façon plus détaillée un mode de réalisation d'une ancre à trois verges du type représenté à la Fig. 4, étant entendu qu'au nombre de verges et de balanciers près, la description ci-dessous est également valable pour l'ancre de la Fig. 3. La poutre 221 rectiligne présente une forme concave, sa concavité étant tournée du côté des verges 201, de façon à former une surface de retenue supplémentaire. En outre, les bords longitudinaux de la traverse 221 sont de préférence constitués par des lèvres d'attaque tranchantes 225 pour faciliter la pénétration de la poutre dans le terrain.The section of FIG. shows in more detail an embodiment of a three-yard anchor of the type shown in FIG. 4, it being understood that, in number of yards and pendulums, the description below is also valid for the anchor of FIG. 3. The straight beam 221 has a concave shape, its concavity being turned towards the side of the yards 201, so as to form an additional retaining surface. In addition, the longitudinal edges of the crosspiece 221 are preferably constituted by sharp attack lips 225 to facilitate the penetration of the beam into the ground.

On notera cependant que dans le cas d'une ancre à plusieurs balanciers, il n'est pas nécessaire que les verges soient parallèles : elles peuvent s'étendre obliquement à partir des chapes et se confondent alors avec les branches de la pièce en forme de fourche. En outre, dans ce cas également, les verges du dispositif d'attelage peuvent être fixées directement à la traverse, et non aux chapes, et le nombre de verges peut être différent de celui des balanciers. Enfin, le dispositif de liaison entre les chapes n'est pas limité à une traverse rectiligne mais peut revêtir n'importe quelle forme appropriée apte à assurer un montage rigide des chapes tel que les axes d'articulation des balanciers soient parallèles ou alignés. On se reportera maintenant aux Fig. 6 et 7 qui illustrent le fonctionnement de l'ancre suivant l'invention. On supposera qu'il s'agit de l'ancre à deux verges et deux paires de socs de la Fig. 3, en notant cependant que le fonctionnement de l'ancre à trois verges de la Fig. 4 serait absolument identique.Note, however, that in the case of an anchor with several pendulums, it is not necessary for the rods to be parallel: they can extend obliquely from the yokes and then merge with the branches of the piece in the form of fork. In addition, in this case also, the yards of the coupling device can be fixed directly to the cross member, and not to the yokes, and the number of yards may be different from that of the pendulums. Finally, the connection device between the screeds is not limited to a straight crossmember but can take any suitable shape capable of ensuring a rigid mounting of the yokes such that the articulation axes of the pendulums are parallel or aligned. We will now refer to Figs. 6 and 7 which illustrate the operation of the anchor according to the invention. It will be assumed that this is the anchor with two yards and two pairs of plowshares in Fig. 3, noting however that the operation of the three-yard anchor of FIG. 4 would be absolutely identical.

En effet, ces deux ancres présentent une stabilité intrinsèque, due à l'importance de la largeur 1 de leur envergure par rapport à leur longueur L, qui fait que, même si ces ancres se posent de côté sur le fond, elles ont tendance à basculer dans la position d'accrochage représentée aux Fig. 3 et 4 lorsqu'elles sont soumises à une traction. Dans le cas de l'ancre de la Fig. 1, cette stabilité latérale est assurée par le jas 16 ; l'ancre se pose alors sur le fond par trois points, à savoir l'extrémité de la verge 1 raccordée à la ligne de mouillage (non représentée), l'une des extrémités du jas 16 et l'un des socs 7a et 7b. Dès qu'une traction est exercée sur l'ancre, l'une des ailettes du soc en contact avec le fond attaque celui-ci et ce soc commence à s'enfouir en redressant le jas à l'horizontale. Par conséquent, qu'il s'agisse de l'ancre à jas ou d'une ancre à plusieurs paires de socs, celle-ci se trouve dans la position de la Fig.6 6 au début de la phase d'enfouissement.Indeed, these two anchors have an intrinsic stability, due to the importance of the width 1 of their wingspan relative to their length L, which means that, even if these anchors are placed sideways on the bottom, they tend to switch to the hanging position shown in Figs. 3 and 4 when they are subjected to traction. In the case of the anchor of FIG. 1, this lateral stability is ensured by the jas 16; the anchor is then placed on the bottom by three points, namely the end of the rod 1 connected to the mooring line (not shown), one of the ends of the jas 16 and one of the coulters 7a and 7 b . As soon as traction is exerted on the anchor, one of the fins of the ploughshare in contact with the bottom attacks it and this plowshare begins to bury itself by straightening the jas horizontally. Consequently, whether it is the jas anchor or an anchor with several pairs of plowshares, it is in the position of Fig. 6 6 at the start of the burial phase.

On voit sur cette Fig. que les bords d'attaque des ailettes 111 du soc 107a en contact avec le terrain attaquent celui-ci sous un angle y qui assure l'enfoncement, même dans des sols compacts. On remarquera au passage que la griffe G en saillie par rapport à l'extrémité du soc permet d'éviter un endommagement de son extrémité 112 et de ses bords d'attaque si le soc rencontre un fond rocheux. Du fait de la traction exercée dans le sens de la flèche F sur la verge 101, celle-ci se redresse au fur et à mesure que le roc 111 s'enfonce, ce qui provoque également le redressement du soc enfoui 107a en raison de la venue en butée de la griffe G du bras 5b contre la verge 101 et du bord interne de ce bras 5b contre l'arête 20. Ce redressement de la verge 101 est retardé par l'action du volet 124 qui favorise ainsi l'enfouissement de l'ancre, mais se poursuit néanmoins jusqu'à ce que la verge 101 arrive dans une position horizontale comme représenté à la Fig. 7.We see in this Fig. that the leading edges of the fins 111 of the share 107a in contact with the ground attack the latter at an angle y which ensures the penetration, even in compact soils. It will be noted in passing that the claw G projecting from the end of the ploughshare avoids damage to its end 112 and its leading edges if the ploughshare meets a rocky bottom. Due to the traction exerted in the direction of the arrow F on the rod 101, it straightens as the rock 111 sinks, which also causes the straightening of the buried share 107a due to the abutment of the claw G of the arm 5 b against the rod 101 and the internal edge of this arm 5 b against the edge 20. This straightening of the rod 101 is delayed by the action of the flap 124 which thus promotes the burial of the anchor, but continues nevertheless until the rod 101 arrives in a horizontal position as shown in FIG. 7.

Dans cette position l'angle y présente une valeur inférieure à celle qu'il avait au début de la phase d'enfouissement (Fig. 6) et égale à l'angle ϕ, cette valeur étant cependant suffisante pour maintenir l'ancre enfouie à l'encontre de la réaction qu'exerce vers le haut le terrain sur cette ancre et qui résulte de la traction due à la ligne de mouillage.In this position the angle y has a value lower than that which it had at the start of the burial phase (Fig. 6) and equal to the angle ϕ, this value being however sufficient to keep the anchor buried at against the upward reaction of the ground on this anchor, which results from the traction due to the mooring line.

L'expérience montre qu'en terrain très compact l'ancre s'enfonce jusqu'à un niveau situé légèrement au-dessus de l'axe d'articulation 104, c'est-à-dire que la verge 101 est également légèrement enfouie. Comme les autres ancres du type soc, l'ancre suivant l'invention assure alors une très bonne tenue qui, à masse égale, est cependant améliorée par rapport à celle de ces ancres classiques grâce à la résistance supplémentaire procurée par la surface des ailettes 111. Un autre avantage de ces ailettes est que, si la résistance limite du métal dont elles sont constituées est atteinte, elles se déforment sans que l'ancre lâche prise, de telle sorte que celle-ci continue à freiner le mouvement du navire. Au contraire, avec une ancre classique, soit celle-ci risque de lâcher prise, soit la ligne de mouillage risque de casser. En outre, dans le cas d'une ancre à pelles, ces dernières peuvent se rompre. Enfin, cette caractéristique d'élasticité de l'ensemble ligne de mouillage-ancre est encore accrue par le fait que, dans le cas limite évoqué ci-dessus, les faces 10 du dièdre tendent à se refermer l'une vers l'autre, soit élastiquement sans déformation permanente, soit au-delà de la limite élastique du métal avec déformation permanente, ce qui permet dans les deux cas d'absorber une partie de la force de traction exercée par la ligne de mouillage tout en maintenant la prise de l'ancre.Experience shows that in very compact terrain the anchor sinks down to a level slightly above the articulation axis 104, that is to say that the rod 101 is also slightly buried . Like the other anchors of the ploughshare type, the anchor according to the invention then provides very good resistance which, at equal mass, is however improved compared to that of these conventional anchors thanks to the additional resistance provided by the surface of the fins 111 Another advantage of these fins is that, if the limit strength of the metal of which they are made is reached, they deform without the loose anchor taken, so that it continues to slow down the movement of the ship. On the contrary, with a conventional anchor, either it may drop, or the mooring line may break. In addition, in the case of an anchor with shovels, the latter may break. Finally, this characteristic of elasticity of the whole anchor-anchor line is further increased by the fact that, in the limiting case mentioned above, the faces 10 of the dihedral tend to close towards one another, either elastically without permanent deformation, or beyond the elastic limit of the metal with permanent deformation, which in both cases absorbs part of the tensile force exerted by the wetting line while maintaining the grip of the 'anchor.

Si l'ancre travaille dans un terrain plus mou, elle continue à s'enfoncer jusqu'à ce que l'autre soc 107b commence lui aussi à pénétrer dans le terrain. Si le terrain est très mou, l'ancre peut s'enfouir complètement dans le terrain comme représenté à la Fig. 7. Elle manifeste alors son avantage par rapport aux autres ancres de la technique antérieure par le fait que, à la résistance à la traction offerte par la face convexe du soc inférieur 107a et par la face concave de la traverse 121, s'ajoute la résistance due à la face concave du soc supérieur 107b, qui travaille par rapport à l'horizontale sous un angle 8 supérieur à y, et égal à 9 lorsque la verge est horizontale. Par conséquent, en terrain très mou, les surfaces actives du soc 107a, de la poutre 121 et du soc 107b interviennent successivement en procurant, non pas un angle unique de travail mais un ensemble de dispositions angulaires agencées pour favoriser les capacités de pénétration, d'enfoncement et de tenue de l'ancre.If the anchor is working in softer ground, it continues to sink until the other ploughshare 107 b also begins to enter the ground. If the ground is very soft, the anchor can bury itself completely in the ground as shown in Fig. 7. It then manifests its advantage over the other anchors of the prior art in that, to the tensile strength offered by the convex face of the lower ploughshare 107a and by the concave face of the cross member 121, the resistance due to the concave face of the upper share 107 b , which works with respect to the horizontal at an angle 8 greater than y, and equal to 9 when the rod is horizontal. Therefore, in very soft ground, the active surfaces of the ploughshare 107a, the beam 121 and the share 107 b successively involved in procuring, not a single working angle but a set of angular arrangements arranged to promote the penetration capabilities, anchoring and holding the anchor.

Grâce à l'entrée en action successive des surfaces actives précitées, l'ancre assure une force d'ancrage à peu près constante quelle que soit la nature du terrain rencontré, ce en quoi elle diffère considérablement des ancres polyvalentes classiques qui présentent en fait des caractéristiques de tenue très variables suivant la nature des terrains.Thanks to the successive entry into action of the aforementioned active surfaces, the anchor ensures an almost constant anchoring force whatever the nature of the terrain encountered, in which it differs considerably from conventional multipurpose anchors which in fact have characteristics of behavior very variable according to the nature of the grounds.

C'est ainsi que le nombre de balanciers et de paires de socs peut être quelconque, le choix de ce nombre étant lié notamment à la force d'ancrage nécessaire et à la place disponible pour la mise à poste de l'ancre.This is how the number of pendulums and pairs of plowshares can be any, the choice of this number being linked in particular to the necessary anchoring force and to the space available for placing the anchor.

Enfin, même si en raison de ses qualités l'ancre suivant l'invention est particulièrement appropriée pour les navires de gros tonnages, son application n'est évidemment pas limitée à ce type de navires.Finally, even if due to its qualities the anchor according to the invention is particularly suitable for large tonnage ships, its application is obviously not limited to this type of vessels.

Claims (11)

1. A sea anchor, of the type including a coupling device, which comprises at least one shank and at least one rocker which is mounted in the vicinity of one end of the coupling device to pivot about an axis perpendicular to a longitudinal plane of symmetry of the anchor and which has two branches constituting the arms of the anchor and extending on each side of the coupling device, characterised in that each arm (5a, 5b ; 105a, 105b) carries at its free end a ploughshare (7a, 7b ; 107a, 107b ; 207a, 207b) whose convergent end portion faces toward the other end of the coupling device (1, 101, 201), the convex faces of the two ploughshares carried by the rocker being disposed in confronting relation to each other.
2. An anchor according to claim 1, characterised in that, in the known manner, said ploughshares (7a, 7b ; 1078, 107b ; 207a, 207b) have dihedrons (10) having a profile in the shape of a pyramid having an edge and a face opposite the latter, and each two fins (11, 111) extending outwardly relative to the lateral faces (10) of the dihedron, in a common plane perpendicular to the bisecting plane of the dihedron, this anchor comprises abutment means (1, 19, 20 ; 101, 119, 120) defining two end positions between which the rocker (2 ; 102 ; 202) is capable of swinging and the ploughshares are fixed on the arms in such relative disposition that, in each of said end positions, considered in said longitudinal plane of symmetry, one of the ploughshares is spaced away from the coupling device and has its face opposite its edge (9, 109) which diverges relative to the coupling device when considering a direction from said coupling device toward said ploughshare, whereas the convergent end portion of the other ploughshare is placed in the immediate vicinity of the coupling device and the face opposite the edge of said other ploughshare converges toward the coupling device (1, 101, 102) when considering a direction from said ploughshare toward the coupling device.
3. An anchor according to claim 2, characterised in that the angle 8 between the plane of the fins (11, 111) of the ploughshare adjacent to the coupling device and a median plane of the coupling device (1, 101, 201) containing the pivot axis (4) is larger than the angle ϕ between the plane of the fins (11, 111) of the other ploughshare and this median plane in said end positions.
4. An anchor according to claim 3, characterised in that said angle β is between about 35° and 50° and preferably 40°, and said angle ϕ is between about 10° and 20° and preferably 12°.
5. An anchor according to one of the claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the rocker is pivotally mounted in a fork (3) and said abutment means comprise two edges (19, 20 ; 119, 120) of an inner edge portion of the fork, one of the arms (5a) being adapted to bear against one (19) of said edges by its inner edge portion (15) in one of said end positions, while the other arm (5b) is adapted to bear against the other (20) of said edges by its inner edge portion (15) in the other end position.
6. An anchor according to claim 1, characterised in that said arms (5a, 5b ; 105a, 105b) extend through a slot (8) formed along the edge (9, 109) of the dihedrons and have a rectilinear portion (6a, 6b) fixed to the interior of the dihedron along said edge.
7. An anchor according to claim 6, characterised in that the rectilinear portion (6a, 6b) of the arms projects beyond the convergent end portion (12) of the ploughshares and constitutes a rock- engaging claw (G).
8. An anchor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises at least two rockers which are connected to the coupling device (A) by a connecting device (121 ; 221) and whose pivot axes (204) are in alignment.
9. An anchor according to claim 8, characterised in that the connecting device is constituted by a rectilinear cross-member (121, 221) of concave shape, whose concavity faces the coupling device (A).
10. An anchor according to claim 9, characterised in that the longitudinal edges (225) of the cross-member are constituted by sharp-edged lip portions.
11. An anchor according to one of the claims 8 to 10, characterised in that the coupling device comprises an element (122 ; 222) in the form of a fork having a plurality of branches and a least one pivotable flap (124 ; 224) is disposed between two adjacent branches of the fork.
EP80401083A 1979-08-07 1980-07-22 Marine anchor, especially for large tonnage ships Expired EP0024221B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7920214A FR2463047A1 (en) 1979-08-07 1979-08-07 ANCHOR OF MARINE, IN PARTICULAR FOR SHIPS OF LARGE TONNAGES
FR7920214 1979-08-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0024221A1 EP0024221A1 (en) 1981-02-25
EP0024221B1 true EP0024221B1 (en) 1984-02-08

Family

ID=9228691

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80401083A Expired EP0024221B1 (en) 1979-08-07 1980-07-22 Marine anchor, especially for large tonnage ships

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4397257A (en)
EP (1) EP0024221B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5650885A (en)
DE (1) DE3066495D1 (en)
ES (1) ES260314Y (en)
FR (1) FR2463047A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2519310B1 (en) * 1982-01-05 1987-03-20 Inst Francais Du Petrole ANCHORING DEVICE
US5743207A (en) * 1997-03-12 1998-04-28 International Design Systems Company Anchoring apparatus and method of anchoring
FI113959B (en) * 2003-01-30 2004-07-15 Pentti Saarelainen Arrangements in connection with an anchor
US20150144050A1 (en) 2012-05-02 2015-05-28 Arif Alpay Gögüs Anchor for the vessels
US20210261221A1 (en) * 2020-02-21 2021-08-26 Tornado Anchors, LLC Anchor device and method

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE242975C (en) *
US957621A (en) * 1909-06-24 1910-05-10 John Walker Neal Anchor.
GB331084A (en) * 1929-06-15 1930-06-26 Frederick Udney Baxter Improvements in stockless anchors
US2200695A (en) * 1938-12-08 1940-05-14 Paul F Kaut Anchor
US2245807A (en) * 1939-11-10 1941-06-17 William H Oehrle Marine anchor
GB608801A (en) * 1946-03-01 1948-09-21 Hingley & Sons Ltd N Improvements in the production of anchors
US2593111A (en) * 1947-12-13 1952-04-15 Garrett Corp Anchor
GB1372596A (en) * 1971-02-08 1974-10-30 Hedman J G Anchor
FR2231561A1 (en) * 1973-06-04 1974-12-27 Colin Armand Anchor with flukes shaped into a double ploughshare - flukes have a V-section which ends in V-shaped tip
FR2366987A1 (en) * 1976-10-06 1978-05-05 Colin Armand MODULAR ANCHOR SYSTEM

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3066495D1 (en) 1984-03-15
ES260314Y (en) 1985-04-01
FR2463047B1 (en) 1983-04-01
FR2463047A1 (en) 1981-02-20
EP0024221A1 (en) 1981-02-25
US4397257A (en) 1983-08-09
ES260314U (en) 1984-10-01
JPS5650885A (en) 1981-05-08

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