EP0160118A2 - Liner for a hollow or plane charge - Google Patents
Liner for a hollow or plane charge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0160118A2 EP0160118A2 EP84109436A EP84109436A EP0160118A2 EP 0160118 A2 EP0160118 A2 EP 0160118A2 EP 84109436 A EP84109436 A EP 84109436A EP 84109436 A EP84109436 A EP 84109436A EP 0160118 A2 EP0160118 A2 EP 0160118A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lining
- tungsten
- composite material
- copper
- charge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
- F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
- F42B1/032—Shaped or hollow charges characterised by the material of the liner
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hollow or flat charge lining or projectile charge assignment.
- Such explosive charges which essentially have a mostly conical cavity with a more or less large opening angle on their side directly facing the target, are known per se in numerous embodiments.
- DE-OS 29 13 103 discloses a flat cone charge with a cavity which is provided with a metal insert which consists of an alloy which has such a high tantalum content that a density is achieved which is greater than that of the copper. Tungsten is also proposed for this alloy, as well as various other alloy metals. It has now been shown, however, that all of these copper alloys to date have a relatively insufficient homogeneity due to the widely differing properties of the metals used in terms of density and structure, which reduce the performance of the explosive charge.
- DE-PS 27 24 036 proposes to produce an insert from a copper bismuth alloy in the pressing process. The above also applies to this proposal, too there is insufficient homogeneity here.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a lining or covering for explosives of the type mentioned, which has an improved homogeneity and thus an improved penetration.
- the cutting performance and depth of cut of a shaped charge is a first approximation of the sum of the length of the spines at the bottom of the crater multiplied by the root of the ratio of the lining material density to the target material:
- the invention proposes that the lining or covering be made from a composite material formed from tungsten and copper put.
- the individual tungsten grains with a binder such. B. nickel or palladium combined with the copper to form a homogeneous structure.
- the good elasticity of the copper is combined with the heavy particles of tungsten on the one hand to form a spike of high density and thus an optimal composite material is obtained for this purpose.
- the proportion of tungsten is said to be between 50 and 95% and is to be produced in the desired form as a homogeneous composite material by pressing, sintering and post-pressing with the copper. It has been shown that a tungsten content of 60 to 80% results in an optimal material for many possible uses.
- the tungsten particles are embedded in the copper as a matrix.
- Another possibility for producing the composite material provides for tungsten and copper powder to be hot-isostatically pressed together with the binder, for example nickel or palladium, the temperature during the operation being above the melting point of the copper.
- the binder for example nickel or palladium
- Another method provides for mechanical pressing of pure tungsten material with suitable binders and subsequent sintering and then, in the second step, the infiltration of the copper material portion, the pressing process also producing the desired funnel or lining shape. This not only saves material but also processing time. It is also proposed to select the grain size of the tungsten for the production of the composite material in the range from 2 to 90 ⁇ . Grain sizes in the range from 30 to 60 ⁇ have proven particularly advantageous.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Hohlladungs- bzw. Flachladungsauskleidung und einer Projektilladungsbelegung, die aus einem Verbundmaterial von Wolfram und Kupfer hergestellt wird. Es werden Materialanteile, Korngrößen und Herstellungsverfahren aufgezeigt.The invention relates to a shaped charge or flat charge lining and a projectile charge assignment, which is produced from a composite material of tungsten and copper. Material proportions, grain sizes and manufacturing processes are shown.
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Hohl- oder Flachladungsauskleidung bzw. Projektilladungsbelegung.The invention relates to a hollow or flat charge lining or projectile charge assignment.
Solche Sprengladungen, die im wesentlichen auf ihrer dem Ziel direkt zugewandten Seite einen meist kegelförmigen Hohlraum mit einem mehr oder weniger großen öffnungswinkel aufweisen, sind an sich in zahlreichen Ausführungsformen bekannt.Such explosive charges, which essentially have a mostly conical cavity with a more or less large opening angle on their side directly facing the target, are known per se in numerous embodiments.
So offenbart beispielsweise die DE-OS 29 13 103 eine Flachkegelladung mit einem Hohlraum, der mit einer Metalleinlage versehen ist, welche aus einer Legierung besteht, die einen so hohen Tantalgehalt aufweist, daß eine Dichte erzielt wird, die größer als diejenige des Kupfers ist. Auch Wolfram wird für diese Legierung vorgeschlagen sowie verschiedene andere Legierungsmetalle. Nun hat es sich aber gezeigt, daß alle diese bisherigen Kupferlegierungen aufgrund der stark unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften der verwendeten Metalle in Dichte und Gefüge eine relativ ungenügende Homogenität aufweisen, die die Leistungsfähigkeit der Sprengladung vermindern.For example, DE-OS 29 13 103 discloses a flat cone charge with a cavity which is provided with a metal insert which consists of an alloy which has such a high tantalum content that a density is achieved which is greater than that of the copper. Tungsten is also proposed for this alloy, as well as various other alloy metals. It has now been shown, however, that all of these copper alloys to date have a relatively insufficient homogeneity due to the widely differing properties of the metals used in terms of density and structure, which reduce the performance of the explosive charge.
Nun ist es bekannt, daß die Oberflächenbeschaffenheit der Hohl- oder Flachladungsauskleidung einen erheblichen Einfluß auf die Schnittleistung bzw. Schnittiefe ausübt, also Oberflächenrauheit, Dickenunterschiede, Oxdationsbeläge etc. unerwünscht sind. Um hier Abhilfe zu schaffen und für die genannten Zwecke ein leicht bearbeitbares Material zu erhalten, schlägt die DE-PS 27 24 036 vor, im Preßverfahren eine Einlage aus einer Kupfer-Wismut-Legierung herzustellen. Auch für diesen Vorschlag trifft das vorstehend Gesagte zu, auch hier ist die Homogenität nicht ausreichend gegeben.It is now known that the surface condition of the hollow or flat charge lining has a considerable influence on the cutting performance or depth of cut, that is to say that surface roughness, differences in thickness, oxidation coatings etc. are undesirable. In order to remedy this and to obtain an easily machinable material for the purposes mentioned, DE-PS 27 24 036 proposes to produce an insert from a copper bismuth alloy in the pressing process. The above also applies to this proposal, too there is insufficient homogeneity here.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde eine Auskleidung oder Belegung für Sprengstoffe der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die eine verbesserte Homogenität und damit eine verbesserte Durchschlagsleistung aufweist.The present invention has for its object to provide a lining or covering for explosives of the type mentioned, which has an improved homogeneity and thus an improved penetration.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in den Ansprüchen vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen in überraschend zuverlässiger Weise gelöst. In der nachfolgenden Beschreibung werden Ausführungsbeispiele abgehandelt und erläutert.This object is achieved in a surprisingly reliable manner by the measures proposed in the claims. Exemplary embodiments are dealt with and explained in the following description.
Die Schnittleistung und Schnittiefe einer Hohlladung ergibt sich in erster Näherung aus der Summe der Stachellänge am Kratergrund multipliziert mit der Wurzel aus dem Verhältnis der Auskleidungsmaterialdichte zum Zielmaterial:
Aus dieser Formel resultiert nun, daß durch Verwendung eines schweren Metalls, wie z.B. Wolfram mit der Kristalldichte 19,2 g/cm3 eine erheblich bessere Tiefenleistung gegenüber dem Kupfer mit der Dichte 8,9 g/cm erzielt werden kann. Nun läßt sich reines Wolfram-Material nicht als homogene Auskleidung in den erforderlichen Wandstärken von 0,5 bis 3 mm verarbeiten. Deshalb wurden Wolfram-Kupfer-Legierungen vorgeschlagen. Aber auch diese Legierungen entsprechen nicht den gewünschten Leistungsdaten.The result of this formula is that by using a heavy metal, such as tungsten with a crystal density of 19.2 g / cm 3, a considerably better depth performance can be achieved compared to copper with a density of 8.9 g / cm. Now pure tungsten material cannot be processed as a homogeneous lining with the required wall thicknesses of 0.5 to 3 mm. That is why tungsten-copper alloys have been proposed. But these alloys also do not meet the desired performance data.
Um diese nun tatsächlich zu erhalten schlägt die Erfindung vor, die Auskleidung bzw. Belegung aus einem aus Wolfram und Kupfer gebildeten Verbundmaterial herzustellen. Hier werden die einzelnen Wolfram-Körner mit einem Bindemittel z. B. Nickel oder Palladium mit dem Kupfer zu einem homogenen Gefüge zusammengebracht. Hierbei wird die gute Dehnfähigkeit des Kupfers einerseits mit den schweren Partikeln des Wolframs andererseits zu einem Stachel hoher Dichte kombiniert und so ein für diese Zwecke optimales Verbundmaterial erhalten.In order to actually obtain this, the invention proposes that the lining or covering be made from a composite material formed from tungsten and copper put. Here, the individual tungsten grains with a binder such. B. nickel or palladium combined with the copper to form a homogeneous structure. Here, the good elasticity of the copper is combined with the heavy particles of tungsten on the one hand to form a spike of high density and thus an optimal composite material is obtained for this purpose.
Der Wolframanteil soll zwischen 50 und 95 % liegen und durch Pressen, Sintern und Nachpresssen mit dem Kupfer bereits inder gewünschten Form als homogener Verbundwerkstoff hergestellt werden. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß ein Wolframanteil von 60 bis 80 % ein für viele Einsatzmöglichkeiten optimales Material ergibt.The proportion of tungsten is said to be between 50 and 95% and is to be produced in the desired form as a homogeneous composite material by pressing, sintering and post-pressing with the copper. It has been shown that a tungsten content of 60 to 80% results in an optimal material for many possible uses.
Die Wolframpartikel sind in diesem Falle als Matrix im Kupfer eingebettet.In this case, the tungsten particles are embedded in the copper as a matrix.
Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Herstellung des Verbundmaterials sieht vor, daß Wolfram- und Kupferpulver zusammen mit dem Bindemittel - beispielsweise Nickel oder Palladium - heiß-isostatisch verpreßt werden, wobei die Temperatur beim Arbeitsvorgang über dem Schmelzpunkt des Kupfers liegt.Another possibility for producing the composite material provides for tungsten and copper powder to be hot-isostatically pressed together with the binder, for example nickel or palladium, the temperature during the operation being above the melting point of the copper.
Ein anderes Verfahren sieht ein mechanisches Pressen von reinem Wolfram-Material mit geeigneten Bindemitteln und anschließendem Sintern und dann im zweiten Arbeitsgang das Infiltrieren des Kupfermaterialanteils vor, wobei auch hier der Preßvorgang gleich die gewünschte Trichter- bzw. Auskleidungsform erbringt. Dadurch wird nicht nur Material gespart sondern auch Verarbeitungszeit. Weiterhin wird vorgeschlagen, die Korngröße des Wolframs für die Herstellung des Verbundmaterials im Bereich von 2 bis 90 µ auszuwählen. Besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen sich Korngrößen im Bereich von 30 bis 60 µ .Another method provides for mechanical pressing of pure tungsten material with suitable binders and subsequent sintering and then, in the second step, the infiltration of the copper material portion, the pressing process also producing the desired funnel or lining shape. This not only saves material but also processing time. It is also proposed to select the grain size of the tungsten for the production of the composite material in the range from 2 to 90 μ. Grain sizes in the range from 30 to 60 μ have proven particularly advantageous.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3336516 | 1983-10-07 | ||
DE3336516A DE3336516C2 (en) | 1983-10-07 | 1983-10-07 | Lining and allocation for hollow, flat and projectile cargoes |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0160118A2 true EP0160118A2 (en) | 1985-11-06 |
EP0160118A3 EP0160118A3 (en) | 1988-09-21 |
Family
ID=6211245
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84109436A Withdrawn EP0160118A3 (en) | 1983-10-07 | 1984-08-08 | Liner for a hollow or plane charge |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4613370A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0160118A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3336516C2 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0249678A2 (en) * | 1986-06-18 | 1987-12-23 | Rheinmetall GmbH | Ammunition, especially for fighting targets provided with a reactive armour |
EP0266557A2 (en) * | 1986-10-09 | 1988-05-11 | DIEHL GMBH & CO. | Liner for hollow charges or penetrators or kinetic-energy bodies for missiles |
US4848238A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1989-07-18 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Active element for combating, in particular, active armored targets |
EP0369543A1 (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-05-23 | Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft vertreten durch die Eidg. Munitionsfabrik Thun der Gruppe für Rüstungsdienste | Hollow charge with a metallic lining, process and apparatus for producing same |
WO2003042625A1 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2003-05-22 | Qinetiq Limited | Shaped charge liner |
RU174806U1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-11-02 | Амир Рахимович Арисметов | FACING THE CUMULATORY CHARGE |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5331895A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1994-07-26 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britanic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdon Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Shaped charges and their manufacture |
DE3705382A1 (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1988-09-01 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | PENETRATOR AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
FR2622209B1 (en) * | 1987-10-23 | 1990-01-26 | Cime Bocuze | HEAVY DUTIES OF TUNGSTENE-NICKEL-IRON WITH VERY HIGH MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAID ALLOYS |
GB2271831B (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1994-07-13 | Ferranti Int Plc | Explosive mine including shaped charge warhead |
US5221808A (en) * | 1991-10-16 | 1993-06-22 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Shaped charge liner including bismuth |
US5913256A (en) | 1993-07-06 | 1999-06-15 | Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. | Non-lead environmentally safe projectiles and explosive container |
US5897962A (en) * | 1993-07-16 | 1999-04-27 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Method of making flowable tungsten/copper composite powder |
EP0769131A4 (en) * | 1994-07-06 | 1998-06-03 | Lockheed Martin Energy Sys Inc | Non-lead, environmentally safe projectiles and method of making same |
US5656791A (en) * | 1995-05-15 | 1997-08-12 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Tungsten enhanced liner for a shaped charge |
US5567906B1 (en) * | 1995-05-15 | 1998-06-09 | Western Atlas Int Inc | Tungsten enhanced liner for a shaped charge |
US5689796A (en) * | 1995-07-18 | 1997-11-18 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing molded copper-chromium family metal alloy article |
US5814758A (en) * | 1997-02-19 | 1998-09-29 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Apparatus for discharging a high speed jet to penetrate a target |
EP1134539A1 (en) * | 2000-02-07 | 2001-09-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | High performance powdered metal mixtures for shaped charge liners |
US7011027B2 (en) | 2000-05-20 | 2006-03-14 | Baker Hughes, Incorporated | Coated metal particles to enhance oil field shaped charge performance |
US6564718B2 (en) | 2000-05-20 | 2003-05-20 | Baker Hughes, Incorporated | Lead free liner composition for shaped charges |
US6530326B1 (en) | 2000-05-20 | 2003-03-11 | Baker Hughes, Incorporated | Sintered tungsten liners for shaped charges |
US6634300B2 (en) | 2000-05-20 | 2003-10-21 | Baker Hughes, Incorporated | Shaped charges having enhanced tungsten liners |
US20020129726A1 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-19 | Clark Nathan G. | Oil well perforator liner with high proportion of heavy metal |
EP1243890A1 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2002-09-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Shaped charge having metal coated high density metal powder liner |
US20040156736A1 (en) * | 2002-10-26 | 2004-08-12 | Vlad Ocher | Homogeneous shaped charge liner and fabrication method |
US7581498B2 (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2009-09-01 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Injection molded shaped charge liner |
US7721649B2 (en) * | 2007-09-17 | 2010-05-25 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Injection molded shaped charge liner |
DE102007051345A1 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Explosive charge |
US9862027B1 (en) | 2017-01-12 | 2018-01-09 | Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Shaped charge liner, method of making same, and shaped charge incorporating same |
WO2018234013A1 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-12-27 | Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Shaped charge liner, method of making same, and shaped charge incorporating same |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2530800A1 (en) * | 1980-06-18 | 1984-01-27 | Saint Louis Inst | Steel-penetrating hollow charge |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2724036C2 (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1981-09-24 | Diehl GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg | Cutting charge for cutting through plate or rod-shaped objects |
US4190753A (en) * | 1978-04-13 | 1980-02-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | High-density high-conductivity electrical contact material for vacuum interrupters and method of manufacture |
FR2429990B1 (en) * | 1978-06-27 | 1985-11-15 | Saint Louis Inst | EXPLOSIVE FLAT CHARGE |
JPS5578429A (en) * | 1978-12-06 | 1980-06-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Contact material for vacuum breaker |
US4463678A (en) * | 1980-04-01 | 1984-08-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Hybrid shaped-charge/kinetic/energy penetrator |
US4498367A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-02-12 | Southwest Energy Group, Ltd. | Energy transfer through a multi-layer liner for shaped charges |
-
1983
- 1983-10-07 DE DE3336516A patent/DE3336516C2/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-08-08 EP EP84109436A patent/EP0160118A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-10-03 US US06/657,342 patent/US4613370A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2530800A1 (en) * | 1980-06-18 | 1984-01-27 | Saint Louis Inst | Steel-penetrating hollow charge |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4848238A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1989-07-18 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Active element for combating, in particular, active armored targets |
EP0249678A2 (en) * | 1986-06-18 | 1987-12-23 | Rheinmetall GmbH | Ammunition, especially for fighting targets provided with a reactive armour |
EP0249678A3 (en) * | 1986-06-18 | 1988-02-17 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Ammunition, especially for fighting targets provided with a reactive armour |
EP0266557A2 (en) * | 1986-10-09 | 1988-05-11 | DIEHL GMBH & CO. | Liner for hollow charges or penetrators or kinetic-energy bodies for missiles |
EP0266557A3 (en) * | 1986-10-09 | 1989-12-06 | DIEHL GMBH & CO. | Liner for hollow charges or penetrators or kinetic-energy bodies for missiles |
EP0369543A1 (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-05-23 | Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft vertreten durch die Eidg. Munitionsfabrik Thun der Gruppe für Rüstungsdienste | Hollow charge with a metallic lining, process and apparatus for producing same |
WO2003042625A1 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2003-05-22 | Qinetiq Limited | Shaped charge liner |
AU2002363806B2 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2006-08-10 | Qinetiq Limited | Shaped charge liner |
CN1313798C (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2007-05-02 | 秦内蒂克有限公司 | Shaped charge liner |
RU174806U1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-11-02 | Амир Рахимович Арисметов | FACING THE CUMULATORY CHARGE |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0160118A3 (en) | 1988-09-21 |
DE3336516C2 (en) | 1985-09-05 |
US4613370A (en) | 1986-09-23 |
DE3336516A1 (en) | 1985-05-02 |
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Inventor name: STEMPEL, GUENTER, ING. GRAD. Inventor name: MERL, WILHELM A., DIPL.-PHYS. Inventor name: HELD, MANFRED, DIPL.-PHYS. DR. Inventor name: LEIDIG, ALFRED, DIPL.-ING. |