EP0159767A1

EP0159767A1 - Thermoplastic polymer coating composition

Info

Publication number: EP0159767A1
Application number: EP85300452A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Teruo Saito; Kuniaki Asai; Kazuo Hieda
Original assignee: Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
Priority date: 1984-01-24
Filing date: 1985-01-23
Publication date: 1985-10-30
Also published as: DE3560582D1; JPH0466909B2; US4578427A; EP0159767B1; JPS60155275A

Abstract

@ Coating composition comprising (a) from 50 to 99% by weight of a thermoplastic aromatic polyether ketone and (b) from 50 to 1 % by weight of a perfluoroalkoxy polymer or a tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer having hexafluoropropylene content of from 18 to 25% by weight. Other additives can be present. The components are mixed and granulated or powdered.

The composition, when applied to, e.g. a steel plate, produces a coated film which is greatly improved in water repellency while retaining the desirable properties of the polyether ketone, including heat resistance, mechanical and electrical properties, and chemical resistance.

Description

The present invention relates to a coatable polymeric composition comprising a thermoplastic aromatic polyether ketone and a perfluoroalkoxy polymer or a tetrafluoroethylene/ hexafluoropropylene copolymer. The composition forms a coating film which has good appearance, is free from pinholes and is good in water repellency and adhesion to a substrate.
It is known, as described in Japanese Patent Application (OPI) No. 90296/79 (the term "OPI" as used herein means a published unexamined Japanese patent application), that thermoplastic aromatic polyether ketones have good heat resistance, flame resistance, mechanical and electrical properties, and chemical resistance. Because of these superior properties, it has been suggested to utilize the resin particularly in electrically insulative coating of electrical wires and cables. Moreover, for various industries in the electrical or mechanical field the polyether ketone can be used for forming an electrically insulative coating or for corrosion prevention upon various electrically conductive materials.
For such use on metal substrates, especially of steel, aluminium and copper, we have previously proposed the following procedures for forming a good coating film: a method in which a polyether ketone having a specific particle diameter is applied onto the surface of a substrate, melted at a specific temperature, and then cooled to form a strong coating (film) (see Japanese Patent Applications [OPI] Nos. 127768/83 and 130574/84); and a method in which a molten polyether ketone is fused onto the surface of a substrate and then cooled to form a strong coating (see Japanese Patent Application DPI No. 207233/84). The coatings thus obtained have the aforesaid superior properties of the polyether ketone, and further can impart high electrical insulation, corrosion resistance, and resistance to boiling water to the metal substrate.
The polyether ketone does not undergo chemical deterioration even when exposed to boiling water or steam of a temperature of more than 200°C and therefore, the polyether ketone can be useful in various fields, e.g. in nuclear power generation and oil drilling equipment and chemical plant. The polyether ketone, however, has poor water repellency. When it is, for example, used to coat a level gauge for measuring the amount of boiling water in a vessel, there are caused various problems such as an error in the detection of the boiling water dip surface and easy deposition of hard water scale. Thus it has been very desirable to improve the water repellency of the coating for applications where it is in contact with boiling water.
We have now found that a composition as described below can produce a coating which has improved water repellency, without impairing the superior properties of the polyether ketone resin, including resistance to boiling water and resistance to steam, exhibits good adhesion to a substrate, has good appearance, and further is free from pinholes.
The present invention provides a coatable composition comprising (a) from 50 to 99% by weight of a thermoplastic aromatic polyether ketone and (b) from 50 to 1% by weight of perfluoroalkoxy polymer or a tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer having a hexafluoropropylene content of from 18 to 25% by weight.
The thermoplastic aromatic polyether ketone as used herein contains the following repeating unit:
alone or in combination with other repeating units, and has an inherent viscosity of from 0.3 to 2.6, preferably from 0.5 to 1.8. Examples of these other repeating units are shown below:

The proportion of the other repeating units is usually less than 25% by weight. If it exceeds 25% by weight, the above described characteristics of the polyether ketone are undesirably lost. The inherent viscosity as referred to herein is determined with respect to a solution of a polymer sample in concentrated sulfuric acid (density: 1.84 g/cm³), containing 0.1 g of the polymer sample per 100 cm³ of the solution, at 25°C.
The inherent viscosity was determined by the use of a viscometer having a solvent efflux time of about 2 minutes. This inherent viscosity principally corresponds to the molecular weight of the polymer.
The inherent viscosity of the thermoplastic aromatic polyether ketone is from 0.3 to 2.6 and preferably from 0.5 to 1.8. If the inherent viscosity is less than 0.3, the ultimate coating is low in heat resistance and brittle because of its low molecular weight. On the other hand, if exceeds 2.6, the resulting resin composition is not satisfactory in melt fluidity because of its high melt viscosity and therefore, a coating having a uniform thickness is difficult to produce; no satisfactory coating film can be obtained. When the inherent viscosity is between 0.3 and 2.6, good fluidity and satisfactory coating performance can be obtained. In order to obtain a coating having more improved surface appearance, adhesion strength and toughness, it is preferred for the inherent viscosity to be in the range of from 0.5 to 1.8. When the inherent viscosity is within the range of from 0.3 to 2.6, the melting point as measured by a differential calorimeter is from 330 to 335°C and good heat stability and thermoplasticity can be obtained.
The perfluoroalkoxy polymer (hereinafter abbreviated to "_PFA") as used herein is represented by the following general formula:
wherein Rf is a fluoroalkyl group (so. -0-Rf is a perfluoroalkoxy group). PFA has a melting point of from 302 to 310°C, exhibits melt fluidity at temperatures above the melting point thereof, has high heat resistance and chemical resistance, has a continuous service temperature of 260°C, and is little affected by the usual acids, alkalis, oxidation-reduction agents, halogens, and organic solvents.
PFA is sold under the trade name of Teflon PFA by E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., U.S.A. and Mitsui Fluorochemicals Co., Ltd., Japan.
The tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer (hereinafter abbreviated to "FEP") is represented by the following general formula:
FEP has a melting point of from 250 to 290°C, exhibits melt fluidity at temperatures more than the melting point thereof, has high heat resistance and chemical resistance, and has a continuous service temperature of 200°C.
FEP is commercially available from E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., U.S.A. (trade name: Teflon FEP) and Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. (trade name: Neofuron). Among commercially available FE_Ps, those copolymers having a hexafluoropropylene content of from 18 to 25% by weight are preferably used in the present invention because their physical properties and melt fluidity are well balanced.
If the hexafluoropropylene content is less than 18% by weight, FEP is not satisfactory in melt fluidity and when the composition with a polyether ketone is applied on a substrate, the coating film applied is seriously irregular and has pinholes; it fails to impart corrosion resistance to the substrate. On the other hand, if the hexafluoropropylene content exceeds 25% by weight, since the melting point seriously drops, when the composition with a polyether ketone is applied on a substrate, a reduction in heat resistance is undesirably large.
In compounding the polyether ketone with PFA or FEP, the proportion of the polyether ketone is from 50 to 99% by weight, with that of PFA or FEP being from 50 to 1% by weight, based on the total amount of the polyether ketone and PFA or FEP. If the proportion of the polyether ketone exceeds 99% by weight, i.e., the proportion of PFA or FEP is less than 1% by weight, the desired water repellency can be improved only insufficiently. On the other hand, if the proportion of the polyether ketone is less than 50% by weight and the proportion of PFA or FEP exceeds 50% by weight, insufficient dispersion results and furthermore, the adhesion to the substrate is insufficient. Thus a satisfactory coating film cannot be obtained.
With a composition comprising from 50 to 99% by weight of the polyether ketone and from 50 to 1% by weight of PFA or FEP, a coating which is satisfactory in heat resistance, -resistance to boiling water, water repellency, adhesion to a substrate, and appearance and is free from pinholes can be obtained. A composition comprising from 60 to 97% by weight of the polyether ketone and from 40 to 3% by weight of PFA or FEP is preferred, because a coating which is more improved in the above properties can be obtained.
Even when the proportion of the polyether ketone falls within the range of from 50 to 99% by weight, if fluorocarbon resins other than _PFA and FEP are employed, the desired coating film cannot be obtained.
That is, when polytetrafluoroethylene is, for example, used, though it has a melting point of about 330°C, it does not exhibit melt fluidity even at temperatures above the melting point thereof and hence, the resulting composition with a polyether ketone can form on a substrate only a coating which has a very irregular surface and does not have uniform surface appearance because of its poor dispersibility. Futhermore, pinholes are developed in the coating because of its poor-fluidity. Thus it fails to impart corrosion resistance to a substrate.
On the other hand, when fluorocarbon resins other than PFA and FEP, exhibiting melt fluidity, such as polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, an ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and ethylene/chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, are used, water repellency is not satisfactory so that the desired coating cannot be obtained.
The composition of the present invention is not limited as to the means by which the constituents are mixed; the polyether ketone and PFA or FEP can be compounded by any suitable techniques such as a method in which powders of the polyether ketone and PFA or FEP are mixed by the use of, e.g., a mortar, a Henschel mixer, a ball mill or a ribbon blender, a method in which the mixture is melt- kneaded to improve dispersibility, followed by granulating or powdering by grinding, and a method in which powders of the polyether ketone and PFA or FEP are independently deposited on the surface of a substrate and then mixed on the substrate.
In forming from the composition a coating on a substrate, any suitable techniques can be employed, including powder coating methods such as powder spraying, electrostatic coating, fluidized bed coating, compression molding, extrusion molding, and injection molding. Depending on the coating method, the composition of the present invention is applied in the form of powders, granules or sheets.
To the composition of the present invention can be added, within the ranges that do not impair the desired characteristics, usual additives such as an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a lubricant, a releasing agent, a coloring agent (e.g., a dye and a pigment), a flame retardant, an auxiliary flame retardant, and an antistatic agent, or suitable reinforcing agents and fillers. These additives can be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.
The present invention is described in greater detail with reference to the following examples.

EXAMPLES 1 TO 3

A powdered thermoplastic aromatic polyetherketone resin having a repeating unit represented by:
having an inherent viscosity of 0.8, an average particle diameter of 100 microns and a perfluoroalkoxy resin (Teflon PFA MP-10, a product of Mitsui Fluorochemicals Co., Ltd.; average particle diameter: 39 microns) were powder blended in a Henschel mixer in a proportion as shown in Table 1.
The mixture of polyether ketone and perfluoroalkoxy resin was spray coated in a powder-jetting amount of 300 g/min at a voltage of 60 KV by the use of an electrostatic spray apparatus (Model CH-9015, manufactured by GEMA Corp.) on a surface of a steel plate (JIS S45C) which had been sand-blasted so that the average depth of irregularities was 5 to 10 microns and an interval between irregularities was 10 to 20 microns, and then melt baked by heating at 380⁰C for 20 minutes. Thereafter, the resulting steel plate was taken out of the heating furnace and allowed to cool to room temperature in air.
The thus-formed coating was tested for the surface condition, pinholes, adhesion strength, heat resistance, and water repellency. The results are shown in Table 1.
The pinhole test was performed with a discharge- type pinhole tester (Model TRC-20, manufactured by Sanko Denshi Kenkyujo).
The adhesion strength was evaluated in terms of peeling strength as determined by a 180°C coating peeling test (peeling speed: 50 mm/min), and the resistance to boiling water, in terms of peeling strength after soaking in 200°C boiling water for 100 hours.
The water repellency was evaluated in terms of contact angle of a water droplet gently dropped on the surface of the coating The greater the contact angle, the better the water repellency.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1

The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that the perfluoroalkoxy polymer was not compounded and only the powdered polyether ketone resin was used. The results are shown in Table 1.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2

The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that the amounts of the polyether ketone and the perfluoroalkoxy polymer compounded were changed to 40% by weight and 60% by weight, respectively. The results are shown in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 4

The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that a tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer resin (FEP powder having a hexafluoropropylene content of 20%) was used in place of the perfluoroalkoxy -polymer and that a mixture comprising 80% by weight of the polyether ketone and 20% by weight of FEP was used. The results are shown in Table 1.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3

The same procedure as in Example 4 was repeated except that the amounts of the polyether ketone and the tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer compounded were changed to 40% by weight and 60% by weight, respectively. The results are shown in Table 1.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4

The same procedure as in Example 4 was repeated except that polyvinylidene fluoride (KF polymer powder, manufactured by Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; abbreviated as "PVdF") was used in place of the tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer resin. The results are shown in Table 1.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5

The same procedure as in Example 4 was repeated except that polytetrafluoroethylene (Fluon L169 powder, manufactured by Imperial Chemical Industries PLC; abbreviated as "PTFE") was used in place of the tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer resin. The results are shown in Table 1.
As is apparent from Table 1, the coating films produced using the compositions of Examples 1 to 4 have good appearance, are free from pinholes, and are good in adhesion to a substrate and resistance to boiling water. In addition, it can be seen that the contact angle is large and the water repellency is excellent.
When the polyether ketone is used alone the water repellency is poor (Comparative Example 1); when the amounts of PFA and FEP compounded are too large, the dispersibility is low and the adhesion to a substrate is poor (Comparative Examples 2 and 3); and when a fluorocarbon polymer other than PFA and FEP is used, the water repellency is poor (Comparative Example 4), or many pinholes are formed (Comparative Example 5); a satisfactory coating cannot be obtained.

Claims

1. A coatable composition comprising:

(a) from 50 to 99% by weight of a thermoplastic aromatic polyether ketone containing the following repeating unit:

(b) from 50 to 1% by weight of a perfluoroalkoxy polymer represented by the following formula:

wherein Rf is a fluoroalkyl group and having a melting point of from 302° to 310°C; or of a tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer represented by the following general formula:

and having a melting point of from 250° to 290°C, and having a hexafluoropropylene content of from 18 to 25% by weight.

2. A coatable composition as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said thermoplastic aromatic polyether ketone also contains less than 25% by weight of a repeating unit represented by one of the following formula:

3. A coatable composition as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein said thermoplastic aromatic polyether ketone has an intrinsic viscosity of from 0.3 to 2.6.

4. A coatable composition as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 3, comprising from 60 to 97% by weight of (a) said thermoplastic aromatic polyether ketone and from 40 to 3% by weight of (b) said perfluoroalkoxy resin or tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer.

5. A method of coating a substrate, which comprises applying a composition as claimed in any preceding claim, or applying separate powders of the components (a) and (b), to a substrate and forming a coating from the composition or mixed powder.

6. A method as claimed in Claim 5, wherein the substrate is a steel plate or shaped article of steel.