EP0155011A2 - Hochfeste Legierung für Behälter für industrielle Anwendung - Google Patents
Hochfeste Legierung für Behälter für industrielle Anwendung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0155011A2 EP0155011A2 EP85103129A EP85103129A EP0155011A2 EP 0155011 A2 EP0155011 A2 EP 0155011A2 EP 85103129 A EP85103129 A EP 85103129A EP 85103129 A EP85103129 A EP 85103129A EP 0155011 A2 EP0155011 A2 EP 0155011A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- content
- alloy
- copper
- nickel
- titanium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/087—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from nickel or nickel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0059—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for petrochemical plants
Definitions
- the instant invention relates to nickel-iron-chromium alloys in general and more particularly to a high strength, corrosion resistant alloy having a low work hardenability rate with variable age hardenable characteristics.
- the alloy reduces copper pick-up in fluid streams.
- an austenitic alloy having a low work hardening rate especially suited for, but not limited to,
- the instant alloy combines improved corrosion resistance and the requisite high strength in a system that is of lower cost than the more expensive higher alloys.
- the alloy displays good stress corrosion cracking resistance and good high temperature corrosion resistance.
- a high strength, corrosion resistant nickel-iron-chromium alloy consists, by weight, of from 24 to 32% nickel, from 12 to 19% chromium, molybdenum and copper in amounts up to 3.5% molybdenum and 5.5% copper, from 0 to 2.5% titanium, from 0 to 1.5% manganese, from 0 to 1.5% silicon, from 0 to 1% columbium (niobium) and tantalum, from 0 to 0.2% aluminum, from 0 to 0.1% cerium, from 0 to 0.01% boron and from 0 to 0.2% nitrogen, the balance, apart from impurities, being iron.
- impurities used herein includes residual amounts of calcium added as a processing aid.
- the molybdenum content is advantageously at least 1%, e.g. from 1 to 3%, and the copper content at least 2%, e.g. from 2 to 5%.
- the nickel content is from 26 to 29%, the chromium content from 15 to 18%, the molybdenum content not more than 3%, the copper content not more than 5% and the content of columbium and tantalum not more than 0.4%.
- the nickel is about 28%, the chromium about 16%, the molybdenum about 16%, the molybdenum about 2% and the copper about 4%.
- the instant alloy Owing to its low work hardening rate (caused in part by the nickel-chromium combinations) the instant alloy easily lends itself to tube fabrication and other cold working operations. However, by varying the titanium content, age hardenable and non-age hardenable characteristics may be developed. Titanium levels below about 0.8% lead to a non-age hardenable alloy whereas titanium levels above about 0.8% are increasingly age hardenable, and e.g. about 1.8% titanium may be incorporated for this purpose.
- the incorporation of a measured quantity of titanium can impart an age hardening response of at least 60 ksi (413.7 MPa) yield strength and 120 ksi (827.4 MPa) tensile strength in the cold worked and annealed conditions.
- the titanium raises the work hardening rate of the alloy. Copper, chromium and molybdenum improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Aluminum, cerium, boron and calcium assist in the deoxidation of the alloy.
- Nitrogen may be added to the low titanium level alloys as an austenite former. It also serves to boost the ability of the alloy to withstand corrosive attack. The nitrogen raises the strength and increases the work hardening rate of the alloy in the annealed condition.
- Table I sets forth the compositions of a number of heats within the above composition ranges and also, for purposes of comparison, one alloy (No 4) that is substantially free from copper and molybdenum and three alloys (Nos 13 -15) having lower nickel contents.
- heat 12 had a greater SCC resistance to crack propagation than 304 stainless.
- heat 12 displayed good SCC resistance and is expected to resist caustic and chloride SCC better than alloy 304.
- the higher nickel provides this improved SCC resistance.
- Heats 1-3 and 12 were vacuum melted and cast to 4 inch (10.16 cm) diameter ingots. Forged 9/16 inch (1.43 cm) squares plus forged 3/4 x 2 x 12 inch (1.91 x 5.08 x 30.48 cm) flats were made with frequent reheats at 2150°F (1177°C). After overhauling the flats to a uniform thickness, they were hot rolled to 1/4 inch (0.64 cm) at 2150°F. The hot rolled 1/4 inch strip was annealed at 1950 * F (1066 * C)/ one hour water quench and pickled prior to cold rolling. Hardness and tensile tests were taken at various levels of cold work to establish a work hardening response. A low work hardening rate is very desirable in the manufacture of relatively small diameter thin-walled tubing.
- the yield strength of heat 16 is also lower than the commercial alloy INCOLOY ** alloy 800.
- INCOLOY alloy 800 is shown in the Figure for comparative purposes only. A general purpose alloy, it has good workability characteristics and is easily processed. The instant invention was developed with these attributes in mind.
- Table 7 shows the strength and ductility characteristics in the annealed and aged conditions.
- Corrosion tests were conducted on heats 4-12. Corrosion test environments relevant to feedwater heater service and other possible applications were examined.
- Table 8 depicts the SCC test results in sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide solutions.
- test data also indicates very good resistance of the alloys to polythionic acid cracking. This is a common cause of failure of stainless steels and high nickel alloys in petrochemical service. The influence of high titanium content on carbide precipitation is believed to be responsible for good polythionic acid SCC resistance.
- Table 9 shows general corrosion test results.
- Tables 8 and 9 also demonstrates the resistance of the alloy to environments other than that posed by feedwater heaters. Molybdenum addition of 2-3X greatly improves resistance to hydrochloric acid. Copper additions of 4X or more improved sulfuric acid resistance. The combination of copper and molybdenum appears to improve resistance to phosphoric acid. The instant alloy lends itself to chemical and petrochemical applications.
- the design strength of the alloys destined for tubular applications is usually based on the tensile strength of the alloy comprising the apparatus. In the cold worked plus stress relieved conditions, the instant alloy system will meet the 120 ksi minimum tensile strength usually specified bv design engineers. This value, compares favorably with such alloys as Inconel alloy 625 and Incoloy alloy 801. Table 10 compares minimum tubular wall thicknesses between MONEL alloy 400, 304 stainless and the instant alloy for various temperature and pressure conditions. Table 10 was constructed to compare the minimum wall thickness between the listed alloys. The next heavier standard wall thickness was used to calculate the weight per foot.
- the object or tube made by methods known to those skilled in the art, may be subjected to a stress relieving heat treatment of about 1100 to 1400°F (599.3-760°C) for an appropriate period of time.
- the time period is, of course, a function of the temperature selected and the section size.
- the non-age hardenable tubes may be drawn to final size, annealed at about 1700-2000°F (767-933°C) for a suitable time, straightened, bent into the appropriate shape (if desired), and stress relieved at about 1100-1400°F up to about three hours.
- the age-hardenable tubes may be drawn to final size, annealed at about 1700-2000°F for a suitable time, straightened, aged for about an hour at 1100-1400°F, bent into the appropriate shape and stress relieved (which also ages the tube) at about 1100-1400°F for the appropriate time.
- the pitting resistance of the alloy is about the same as stainless 304 and is not recommended for service where superior resistance to localized attack is required.
- the low chromium lowers resistance to intergrannular attack and limits use in highly oxidizing environments such as nitric acid.
- a preferred composition for overall strength, corrosion resistance and economy for feedwater heaters is heat 8 (28 Ni - 16 Cr - 4 Cu - 1.8 Ti - 2 Mo - Bal Fe). This composition appears to have the mechanical and corrosion properties necessary for a high pressure material. It also has excellent general corrosion resistance in hydrochloric, sulfuric and phosphoric acids. The good resistance of this composkion to polythionic acid attack also indicates potential petrochemical applications.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US59039384A | 1984-03-16 | 1984-03-16 | |
US590393 | 1984-03-16 |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0155011A2 true EP0155011A2 (de) | 1985-09-18 |
EP0155011A3 EP0155011A3 (en) | 1987-04-08 |
EP0155011B1 EP0155011B1 (de) | 1990-07-18 |
EP0155011B2 EP0155011B2 (de) | 1994-07-06 |
Family
ID=24362074
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP85103129A Expired - Lifetime EP0155011B2 (de) | 1984-03-16 | 1985-03-18 | Hochfeste Legierung für Behälter für industrielle Anwendung |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0155011B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS60211053A (de) |
KR (1) | KR900001561B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU580758B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR8501127A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1246902A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3578673D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES8608055A1 (de) |
FI (1) | FI75869C (de) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0971045A4 (de) * | 1997-08-13 | 2000-01-12 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Austenitischer rostfreier stahl mit hervorragendem widerstand gegen schwefelsäurekorrosion und hervorragender bearbeitbarkeit |
WO2000024944A1 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-05-04 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | High strength corrosion resistant fe-ni-cr alloy |
EP1854901A1 (de) | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-14 | Huntington Alloys Corporation | Korrosionsbeständige Legierung und daraus hergestellte Komponenten |
EP2915893A4 (de) * | 2012-10-30 | 2016-06-01 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Austenitischer edelstahl |
EP3495526A4 (de) * | 2016-08-03 | 2020-01-08 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Austenitischer edelstahl |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3716665A1 (de) * | 1987-05-19 | 1988-12-08 | Vdm Nickel Tech | Korrosionsbestaendige legierung |
CN103890144B (zh) * | 2011-09-30 | 2015-12-09 | 环球油品公司 | 用于处理烃料流的方法和设备 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB708820A (en) * | 1951-03-29 | 1954-05-12 | Carpenter Steel Co | Improvements in alloys |
GB812582A (en) * | 1956-07-18 | 1959-04-29 | Universal Cyclops Steel Corp | Ferrous base alloys |
DE2528610A1 (de) * | 1974-07-02 | 1976-01-22 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Nickel-chrom-eisen-legierung, deren verwendung und daraus hergestellte gegenstaende |
FR2330776A1 (fr) * | 1974-07-02 | 1977-06-03 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Ameliorations de ou relatives aux alliages pour haute temperature |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU420305B (en) * | 1905-09-21 | 1905-12-19 | Oliver Charles | Improvements in or relating to electric are lamps |
ZA726262B (en) * | 1971-09-20 | 1973-06-27 | Int Nickel Ltd | Steels |
BE795564A (fr) * | 1972-02-16 | 1973-08-16 | Int Nickel Ltd | Alliage de nickel-fer resistant a la corrosion |
-
1985
- 1985-03-11 AU AU39698/85A patent/AU580758B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-03-12 KR KR1019850001581A patent/KR900001561B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-03-13 BR BR8501127A patent/BR8501127A/pt unknown
- 1985-03-15 ES ES541303A patent/ES8608055A1/es not_active Expired
- 1985-03-15 CA CA000476603A patent/CA1246902A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-03-15 FI FI851036A patent/FI75869C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-03-16 JP JP60053213A patent/JPS60211053A/ja active Granted
- 1985-03-18 DE DE8585103129T patent/DE3578673D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-03-18 EP EP85103129A patent/EP0155011B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB708820A (en) * | 1951-03-29 | 1954-05-12 | Carpenter Steel Co | Improvements in alloys |
GB812582A (en) * | 1956-07-18 | 1959-04-29 | Universal Cyclops Steel Corp | Ferrous base alloys |
DE2528610A1 (de) * | 1974-07-02 | 1976-01-22 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Nickel-chrom-eisen-legierung, deren verwendung und daraus hergestellte gegenstaende |
FR2330776A1 (fr) * | 1974-07-02 | 1977-06-03 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Ameliorations de ou relatives aux alliages pour haute temperature |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
METAL PROGRESS, vol. 122, no. 1, June 1982, pages 66,67, Ohio, US: "Superalloys, special-duty materials" * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0971045A4 (de) * | 1997-08-13 | 2000-01-12 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Austenitischer rostfreier stahl mit hervorragendem widerstand gegen schwefelsäurekorrosion und hervorragender bearbeitbarkeit |
EP0971045A1 (de) * | 1997-08-13 | 2000-01-12 | Sumitomo Metal Industries Limited | Austenitischer rostfreier stahl mit hervorragendem widerstand gegen schwefelsäurekorrosion und hervorragender bearbeitbarkeit |
US6171547B1 (en) | 1997-08-13 | 2001-01-09 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Austenitic stainless steel having excellent sulfuric acid corrosion resistance and excellent workability |
WO2000024944A1 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-05-04 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | High strength corrosion resistant fe-ni-cr alloy |
EP1854901A1 (de) | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-14 | Huntington Alloys Corporation | Korrosionsbeständige Legierung und daraus hergestellte Komponenten |
US7815848B2 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2010-10-19 | Huntington Alloys Corporation | Corrosion resistant alloy and components made therefrom |
EP2915893A4 (de) * | 2012-10-30 | 2016-06-01 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Austenitischer edelstahl |
EP3495526A4 (de) * | 2016-08-03 | 2020-01-08 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Austenitischer edelstahl |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3578673D1 (de) | 1990-08-23 |
EP0155011B2 (de) | 1994-07-06 |
BR8501127A (pt) | 1985-11-05 |
EP0155011B1 (de) | 1990-07-18 |
FI75869B (fi) | 1988-04-29 |
KR900001561B1 (ko) | 1990-03-15 |
KR850007098A (ko) | 1985-10-30 |
ES541303A0 (es) | 1986-06-01 |
FI851036A0 (fi) | 1985-03-15 |
AU3969885A (en) | 1985-09-19 |
EP0155011A3 (en) | 1987-04-08 |
JPS60211053A (ja) | 1985-10-23 |
AU580758B2 (en) | 1989-02-02 |
FI851036L (fi) | 1985-09-17 |
CA1246902A (en) | 1988-12-20 |
JPH0525944B2 (de) | 1993-04-14 |
ES8608055A1 (es) | 1986-06-01 |
FI75869C (fi) | 1988-08-08 |
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